Pub Date : 2015-06-14DOI: 10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165859
D. K. Neitzel
Most people understand that electricity is essential to our everyday life, both at home and on the job. Perhaps because it has become such a familiar part of our daily life that many of us don't give much thought to how much our work and other activities depend on a reliable source of electricity. More importantly, we tend to overlook, ignore, or just don't understand the hazards electricity poses. Therefore, we fail to treat it with the respect it deserves. Non-electrical or electrically unqualified personnel include laborers, mechanics, janitors, operators, office workers, etc. These people have often been asked what they know about electricity or electrical safety, and the typical answers go something like this: · “I don't know anything about it.” · “My dad was an electrician, and he told me that electricity can kill you.” · “I know that if you touch it, it can hurt you.” · “I know better than to mess with it, so I call an electrician.” As a general rule, non-electrical personnel don't know very much about electricity or the hazards it presents, so the phrases “what you don't know, won't hurt you” or “ignorance is bliss” simply does not apply to electricity. The problem with electricity is that it cannot be tasted, seen, heard, or smelled. Because it is essentially invisible, it is often referred to as a “silent killer” and far too many have found this the hard way. OSHA requires all personnel to be trained in the recognition and avoidance of hazards, which includes electrical hazards. Statistics show that over 50% of all electrical accidents, injuries, and fatalities occur with non-electrical personnel, therefore, electrical safety training applies as much too electrically unqualified personnel as it does to qualified electrical workers. This paper addresses the electrical hazards, safe work practices, personal protective equipment (PPE), and training requirements as they apply to nonelectrical personnel.
{"title":"Electrical safety basics for non-electrical personnel","authors":"D. K. Neitzel","doi":"10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165859","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165859","url":null,"abstract":"Most people understand that electricity is essential to our everyday life, both at home and on the job. Perhaps because it has become such a familiar part of our daily life that many of us don't give much thought to how much our work and other activities depend on a reliable source of electricity. More importantly, we tend to overlook, ignore, or just don't understand the hazards electricity poses. Therefore, we fail to treat it with the respect it deserves. Non-electrical or electrically unqualified personnel include laborers, mechanics, janitors, operators, office workers, etc. These people have often been asked what they know about electricity or electrical safety, and the typical answers go something like this: · “I don't know anything about it.” · “My dad was an electrician, and he told me that electricity can kill you.” · “I know that if you touch it, it can hurt you.” · “I know better than to mess with it, so I call an electrician.” As a general rule, non-electrical personnel don't know very much about electricity or the hazards it presents, so the phrases “what you don't know, won't hurt you” or “ignorance is bliss” simply does not apply to electricity. The problem with electricity is that it cannot be tasted, seen, heard, or smelled. Because it is essentially invisible, it is often referred to as a “silent killer” and far too many have found this the hard way. OSHA requires all personnel to be trained in the recognition and avoidance of hazards, which includes electrical hazards. Statistics show that over 50% of all electrical accidents, injuries, and fatalities occur with non-electrical personnel, therefore, electrical safety training applies as much too electrically unqualified personnel as it does to qualified electrical workers. This paper addresses the electrical hazards, safe work practices, personal protective equipment (PPE), and training requirements as they apply to nonelectrical personnel.","PeriodicalId":118880,"journal":{"name":"2015 61st IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference (PPIC)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133023059","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-14DOI: 10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165858
Rahul Rajvanshi, T. Hawkins
Power distribution equipment is the backbone of any Industrial process infrastructure. Safety and reliability are the two most important criteria in the proper functioning of the power distribution system. Low voltage switchgear is an important part of power distribution. Minimizing arcing faults in the switchgear is of utmost importance to enable a safe environment. Arcing faults increase the temperatures inside the equipment beyond 20,000 K, rapidly heating air and vaporizing metal parts. This expanding plasma creates severe mechanical and thermal stress in the equipment which can blow open doors and fragment/burn through the enclosure. Arc Resistant Low Voltage Switchgear (LVS) is designed to provide an additional degree of protection for operating personnel performing normal operating duties in close proximity to the equipment. A series of arc flash simulations were performed on Arc Resistant LVS in both Bare Bus (Non-Insulated) and Insulated/Isolated Bus configurations. In all simulations, Insulated/Isolated Bus had significantly shorter arcing duration and lower energy emitted.
{"title":"Value of insulated bus bars in reducing arcing fault duration in low voltage systems","authors":"Rahul Rajvanshi, T. Hawkins","doi":"10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165858","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165858","url":null,"abstract":"Power distribution equipment is the backbone of any Industrial process infrastructure. Safety and reliability are the two most important criteria in the proper functioning of the power distribution system. Low voltage switchgear is an important part of power distribution. Minimizing arcing faults in the switchgear is of utmost importance to enable a safe environment. Arcing faults increase the temperatures inside the equipment beyond 20,000 K, rapidly heating air and vaporizing metal parts. This expanding plasma creates severe mechanical and thermal stress in the equipment which can blow open doors and fragment/burn through the enclosure. Arc Resistant Low Voltage Switchgear (LVS) is designed to provide an additional degree of protection for operating personnel performing normal operating duties in close proximity to the equipment. A series of arc flash simulations were performed on Arc Resistant LVS in both Bare Bus (Non-Insulated) and Insulated/Isolated Bus configurations. In all simulations, Insulated/Isolated Bus had significantly shorter arcing duration and lower energy emitted.","PeriodicalId":118880,"journal":{"name":"2015 61st IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference (PPIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125565455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-14DOI: 10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165870
Christopher D. Brogli
Building company-wide safety programs to overcome the challenges of multiple plants, multiple regions, differing standards and differing technologies in the forest products industry.
建立全公司范围的安全计划，以克服林产品行业中多个工厂、多个地区、不同标准和不同技术的挑战。
{"title":"The achievable corporate safety program for the forest products industry","authors":"Christopher D. Brogli","doi":"10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165870","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165870","url":null,"abstract":"Building company-wide safety programs to overcome the challenges of multiple plants, multiple regions, differing standards and differing technologies in the forest products industry.","PeriodicalId":118880,"journal":{"name":"2015 61st IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference (PPIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129130435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-14DOI: 10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165708
J. Kay, David C. Mazur, Kenneth D. Mazur
The application of differential protection has been shown to be effective in many applications within the Forest Product based industries. However, there are some aspects of differential protection which need special consideration. Some differential configurations may be harmful to the systems to which they were installed to protect. This paper will cover a few of the basics surrounding typical differential applications. Also highlighted are some of the risk areas which are typically overlooked when applying differential protection for certain applications.
{"title":"Differential protection used with motors, motor controllers and adjustable frequency drives: What you didn't know!","authors":"J. Kay, David C. Mazur, Kenneth D. Mazur","doi":"10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165708","url":null,"abstract":"The application of differential protection has been shown to be effective in many applications within the Forest Product based industries. However, there are some aspects of differential protection which need special consideration. Some differential configurations may be harmful to the systems to which they were installed to protect. This paper will cover a few of the basics surrounding typical differential applications. Also highlighted are some of the risk areas which are typically overlooked when applying differential protection for certain applications.","PeriodicalId":118880,"journal":{"name":"2015 61st IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference (PPIC)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121604387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-14DOI: 10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165869
Kevin A. McFeaters, Dick Ciammaichella, J. Waters
Given today's slow economic growth, reduced plant engineering and maintenance staffing and tight capital budget constraints, understanding how best to propose, plan, execute and allocate limited resources for successful process control system migrations is imperative for manufacturers seeking to maintain or increase productivity and efficiencies. Unfortunately, there is little published data on best practices for taking on technical projects of this magnitude let alone establishing a standards based approach for initiating and executing these types of projects.
{"title":"Legacy process control system migrations","authors":"Kevin A. McFeaters, Dick Ciammaichella, J. Waters","doi":"10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165869","url":null,"abstract":"Given today's slow economic growth, reduced plant engineering and maintenance staffing and tight capital budget constraints, understanding how best to propose, plan, execute and allocate limited resources for successful process control system migrations is imperative for manufacturers seeking to maintain or increase productivity and efficiencies. Unfortunately, there is little published data on best practices for taking on technical projects of this magnitude let alone establishing a standards based approach for initiating and executing these types of projects.","PeriodicalId":118880,"journal":{"name":"2015 61st IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference (PPIC)","volume":"186 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122985351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-14DOI: 10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165856
W. Hartmann
In pulp and paper plants, power transformers play a critical role in process continuity. These transformers are subject to internal short circuits, external short circuits and abnormal operating conditions. The following protection challenges to power transformers will be explored, and methods to improve the protection provided: Remanence in a current transformer (CT) may cause misoperation of phase differential protection due to compromised CT performance. Heavy through-faults, sympathetic inrush and recovery inrush all cause high current. This combined with high remanent flux, can create a security issue. IEEE CT performance calculations will be used to support the use of dual slope differential characteristics to promote secure differential protection operation when challenged with unequal CT performance.; On transformer energizing, 2nd harmonic current has been traditionally used as a means to prevent phase differential misoperation. Certain transformers may not exhibit high enough 2nd harmonic, causing a dependability issue if the restraint is set too low. The use of 2nd and 4th harmonics for inrush detection will be shown to enhance reliability during energizing inrush situations.; Overexcitation can occur from abnormal operation of the utility system or the plant's excitation control. Causes of overexcitation will be outlined and use of volts per hertz protection explored. With overexcitation occurring from system voltage rise, the phase differential protection has been traditionally blocked using 5th harmonic restraint. This may cause an undesired non-operation of the phase differential protection if an internal fault occurs while the transformer is overexcited, causing a delay in tripping and severe damage to the transformer. A technique using adaptive phase differential pick-up value will be illustrated to overcome this challenge.; On resistance-grounded power transformers, phase differential protection sensitivity for ground faults near the neutral is decreased. The use of ground differential protection will be explored and the increased sensitivity gained will be demonstrated.
{"title":"Improving pulp and paper plant MV transformer protection","authors":"W. Hartmann","doi":"10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165856","url":null,"abstract":"In pulp and paper plants, power transformers play a critical role in process continuity. These transformers are subject to internal short circuits, external short circuits and abnormal operating conditions. The following protection challenges to power transformers will be explored, and methods to improve the protection provided: Remanence in a current transformer (CT) may cause misoperation of phase differential protection due to compromised CT performance. Heavy through-faults, sympathetic inrush and recovery inrush all cause high current. This combined with high remanent flux, can create a security issue. IEEE CT performance calculations will be used to support the use of dual slope differential characteristics to promote secure differential protection operation when challenged with unequal CT performance.; On transformer energizing, 2nd harmonic current has been traditionally used as a means to prevent phase differential misoperation. Certain transformers may not exhibit high enough 2nd harmonic, causing a dependability issue if the restraint is set too low. The use of 2nd and 4th harmonics for inrush detection will be shown to enhance reliability during energizing inrush situations.; Overexcitation can occur from abnormal operation of the utility system or the plant's excitation control. Causes of overexcitation will be outlined and use of volts per hertz protection explored. With overexcitation occurring from system voltage rise, the phase differential protection has been traditionally blocked using 5th harmonic restraint. This may cause an undesired non-operation of the phase differential protection if an internal fault occurs while the transformer is overexcited, causing a delay in tripping and severe damage to the transformer. A technique using adaptive phase differential pick-up value will be illustrated to overcome this challenge.; On resistance-grounded power transformers, phase differential protection sensitivity for ground faults near the neutral is decreased. The use of ground differential protection will be explored and the increased sensitivity gained will be demonstrated.","PeriodicalId":118880,"journal":{"name":"2015 61st IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference (PPIC)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121521450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-14DOI: 10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165865
R. Mistry, W. Finley, S. Kreitzer, Emam Hashish
This paper discusses factors that affect the longevity and durability of an induction motor. Various topics include overall construction of an induction machine and its major components, field and operating conditions, motor vibration, operating temperatures, installation practice and proper motor selection for special environment and application conditions. Sound machine design, proper selection of the motor to suit the application, proper field installation, and good maintenance are key factors essential for long term motor reliability and its performance.
{"title":"Longevity of an induction motor","authors":"R. Mistry, W. Finley, S. Kreitzer, Emam Hashish","doi":"10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165865","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses factors that affect the longevity and durability of an induction motor. Various topics include overall construction of an induction machine and its major components, field and operating conditions, motor vibration, operating temperatures, installation practice and proper motor selection for special environment and application conditions. Sound machine design, proper selection of the motor to suit the application, proper field installation, and good maintenance are key factors essential for long term motor reliability and its performance.","PeriodicalId":118880,"journal":{"name":"2015 61st IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference (PPIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124777771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-14DOI: 10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165866
I. Culbert, J. Letal
Stator current signature analysis on induction motors is a proven method for diagnosing rotor squirrel cage winding defects and air gap eccentricity problems. With this technology, specific frequency current components can be identified as an indication of cage winding defects as well as a non-uniform gap between the stator and rotor. Because this data is generally collected periodically, it is important to identify these components as early as possible. These trendable parameters can then be monitored more often to avoid inservice failure. With the application of new processing technologies, the ability to identify these critical current signature frequency components and trend the deterioration they indicate has improved. This allows for maintenance activities to be scheduled earlier and performed prior to failure avoiding costly motor component damage and unplanned downtime.
{"title":"Signature analysis for on-line motor diagnostics","authors":"I. Culbert, J. Letal","doi":"10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165866","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165866","url":null,"abstract":"Stator current signature analysis on induction motors is a proven method for diagnosing rotor squirrel cage winding defects and air gap eccentricity problems. With this technology, specific frequency current components can be identified as an indication of cage winding defects as well as a non-uniform gap between the stator and rotor. Because this data is generally collected periodically, it is important to identify these components as early as possible. These trendable parameters can then be monitored more often to avoid inservice failure. With the application of new processing technologies, the ability to identify these critical current signature frequency components and trend the deterioration they indicate has improved. This allows for maintenance activities to be scheduled earlier and performed prior to failure avoiding costly motor component damage and unplanned downtime.","PeriodicalId":118880,"journal":{"name":"2015 61st IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference (PPIC)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127564155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-14DOI: 10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165709
Sang Bin Lee, D. Hyun, Tae-June Kang, C. Yang, Sungsik Shin, Heonyoung Kim, Sungbong Park, Tae-Sik Kong, Hee-Dong Kim
Motor current signature analysis (MCSA) has become an essential part of the preventive maintenance program for monitoring the condition of the rotor cage in medium voltage induction motors in the pulp and paper industry. However, many cases of false indications due to interference from the motor or load have been reported. False indications can result in unnecessary inspection and outage costs (false positives) or major repair/replacement costs and loss of production (false negatives). The objective of this paper is to present the potential root causes of false indications, and provide guidelines on how commercially available off-line and on-line tests can be applied for identifying false indications from a field engineers' perspective. Case studies of false MCSA indications and results of alternative commercial tests for improving the reliability of the diagnosis are provided through measurements on 6.6 kV and laboratory motor samples. Finally, new test methods under research and development for reliable rotor fault detection are summarized and unresolved problems are listed. This paper is expected to help field maintenance engineers prevent unnecessary motor inspection and forced outages, and guide researchers target future research towards industrial needs.
{"title":"Identification of false rotor fault indications produced by on-line MCSA for medium voltage induction machines","authors":"Sang Bin Lee, D. Hyun, Tae-June Kang, C. Yang, Sungsik Shin, Heonyoung Kim, Sungbong Park, Tae-Sik Kong, Hee-Dong Kim","doi":"10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165709","url":null,"abstract":"Motor current signature analysis (MCSA) has become an essential part of the preventive maintenance program for monitoring the condition of the rotor cage in medium voltage induction motors in the pulp and paper industry. However, many cases of false indications due to interference from the motor or load have been reported. False indications can result in unnecessary inspection and outage costs (false positives) or major repair/replacement costs and loss of production (false negatives). The objective of this paper is to present the potential root causes of false indications, and provide guidelines on how commercially available off-line and on-line tests can be applied for identifying false indications from a field engineers' perspective. Case studies of false MCSA indications and results of alternative commercial tests for improving the reliability of the diagnosis are provided through measurements on 6.6 kV and laboratory motor samples. Finally, new test methods under research and development for reliable rotor fault detection are summarized and unresolved problems are listed. This paper is expected to help field maintenance engineers prevent unnecessary motor inspection and forced outages, and guide researchers target future research towards industrial needs.","PeriodicalId":118880,"journal":{"name":"2015 61st IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference (PPIC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129698182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-14DOI: 10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165857
J. Das, Jon D. Steinmetz, Clifton D. Engram, Aaron A. McPhee
Chipper motors in pulp and paper mill environment are of special design-the stability on impact loads is one important consideration. The power factor under normal operation will continuously swing due to varying loads. The paper describes guesswork free rigorous calculations of pull out (out-of-step) power factor based on the parameter of an actual installation. Single phasing is rather a rare occurrence; however, such an event has been experienced in an installation due to overheating and arcing at the fuse clips in a NEMA E2 starter of a chipper motor. Discussions on single phase protection of synchronous motors and recommended settings are provided.
{"title":"Out-of step and single phasing protection of synchronous chipper motors","authors":"J. Das, Jon D. Steinmetz, Clifton D. Engram, Aaron A. McPhee","doi":"10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPIC.2015.7165857","url":null,"abstract":"Chipper motors in pulp and paper mill environment are of special design-the stability on impact loads is one important consideration. The power factor under normal operation will continuously swing due to varying loads. The paper describes guesswork free rigorous calculations of pull out (out-of-step) power factor based on the parameter of an actual installation. Single phasing is rather a rare occurrence; however, such an event has been experienced in an installation due to overheating and arcing at the fuse clips in a NEMA E2 starter of a chipper motor. Discussions on single phase protection of synchronous motors and recommended settings are provided.","PeriodicalId":118880,"journal":{"name":"2015 61st IEEE Pulp and Paper Industry Conference (PPIC)","volume":"194 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133391401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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