Alexandra Rogler, Sophie Freilinger, P. Pokieser, M. Wagner-Menghin
Clinical reasoning, the application of medical knowledge to a patient’s problem, requires training in a safe environment. Learning tasks based on Virtual Patients (VP-tasks) simulate the clinical setting in a save way and integrate well into blended-learning environments, as synchronous tasks (face-to-face or online) or as asynchronous online tasks. The article presents the editorial process for developing VP-based self-study quizes (SSQ) and field-study results on students’ learning experiences and study habits. The editorial process initially only involved experienced clinical, educational and technical experts. To better match the tasks’ difficulty to students’ knowledge, junior doctors and advanced medical students joined in a later stage. Students (n = 351) rated the SSQs (n = 10) produced by the expanded team to match their knowledge better as compared to the SSQs (n = 13) developed by the initial expert editorial team. Students rated the online SSQs as more helpful as compared to similar face-to-face VP-tasks. Students’ free comments indicate their high acceptance of the SSQ-format. The SSQ-format is feasible for providing systematic online training in clinical reasoning, especially when working with a multi-level-educational editorial team and when a systematically structured blueprint of topics and learning goals drives the editorial work.
{"title":"Piloting of Virtual Patient-Based Online Self-Study Quizzes for Developing Undergraduate Medical Students’ Clinical Reasoning Skills","authors":"Alexandra Rogler, Sophie Freilinger, P. Pokieser, M. Wagner-Menghin","doi":"10.24989/dp.v2i2.1962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24989/dp.v2i2.1962","url":null,"abstract":"Clinical reasoning, the application of medical knowledge to a patient’s problem, requires training in a safe environment. Learning tasks based on Virtual Patients (VP-tasks) simulate the clinical setting in a save way and integrate well into blended-learning environments, as synchronous tasks (face-to-face or online) or as asynchronous online tasks. The article presents the editorial process for developing VP-based self-study quizes (SSQ) and field-study results on students’ learning experiences and study habits. \u0000The editorial process initially only involved experienced clinical, educational and technical experts. To better match the tasks’ difficulty to students’ knowledge, junior doctors and advanced medical students joined in a later stage. Students (n = 351) rated the SSQs (n = 10) produced by the expanded team to match their knowledge better as compared to the SSQs (n = 13) developed by the initial expert editorial team. Students rated the online SSQs as more helpful as compared to similar face-to-face VP-tasks. Students’ free comments indicate their high acceptance of the SSQ-format. \u0000The SSQ-format is feasible for providing systematic online training in clinical reasoning, especially when working with a multi-level-educational editorial team and when a systematically structured blueprint of topics and learning goals drives the editorial work.","PeriodicalId":119095,"journal":{"name":"Digital Psychology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123979865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Owed to the COVID-19 pandemic, teletherapeutic offers skyrocketed, in the need of the moment seemingly faster that the background technology and training could be provided. This spotlight communication gives an overview of results and ideas on teletherapeutic offers for adolescent psychiatric outpatients and impulses for further investigations. We report insight gained from following up 30 adolescents in weekly outpatient treatment on an interview basis. Therapists’ views were collected via informal discussions and are, although not systematically analyzed, integrated where applicable Although results are not generalizable, we could show that patients overall benefit from teletherapy. Main positives and pitfalls of teletherapy are being reported, as well as ideas for problem-solving and refinement, which seems of utmost importance in light of potential further waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"Teletherapy for Adolescent Psychiatric Outpatients: The Soaring Flight of so far Idle Technologies during the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Mercedes M. Huscsava, P. Plener, O. Kothgassner","doi":"10.24989/dp.v1i2.1867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24989/dp.v1i2.1867","url":null,"abstract":"Owed to the COVID-19 pandemic, teletherapeutic offers skyrocketed, in the need of the moment seemingly faster that the background technology and training could be provided. This spotlight communication gives an overview of results and ideas on teletherapeutic offers for adolescent psychiatric outpatients and impulses for further investigations. We report insight gained from following up 30 adolescents in weekly outpatient treatment on an interview basis. Therapists’ views were collected via informal discussions and are, although not systematically analyzed, integrated where applicable Although results are not generalizable, we could show that patients overall benefit from teletherapy. Main positives and pitfalls of teletherapy are being reported, as well as ideas for problem-solving and refinement, which seems of utmost importance in light of potential further waves of the COVID-19 pandemic.","PeriodicalId":119095,"journal":{"name":"Digital Psychology","volume":"50 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120819908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mediated embodiment (ME) is the technologically generated illusion of substituting a person’s body with an avatar body. Virtual reality is the most representative technology of ME. However, other forms of embodiment are emerging and need to be examined. The inclusion of all ME technologies under a common paradigm would largely facilitate their study. Here, I develop a unified conceptual framework of ME and integrate robot embodiment as part of the phenomenon. I first describe the central component of ME: avatars. I extend the concept of avatar used in virtual reality to other forms of ME. I then outline the minimum conditions necessary to induce the embodiment illusion as well as the technical principles used to create this illusion. Next, I suggest that ME technologies can be regarded as tools that increase human capabilities in four directions: embodiment of a new self, expansion of traveling capabilities, expansion of body capabilities, and the reach of immortality. I connect the principal research conducted in the field to these categories and suggest potential research directions to promote the positive applied uses of ME. I conclude with the importance to also address ethical issues related to this phenomenon.
{"title":"Towards a Common Framework for Mediated Embodiment","authors":"Laura Aymerich-Franch","doi":"10.24989/dp.v1i2.1824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24989/dp.v1i2.1824","url":null,"abstract":"Mediated embodiment (ME) is the technologically generated illusion of substituting a person’s body with an avatar body. Virtual reality is the most representative technology of ME. However, other forms of embodiment are emerging and need to be examined. The inclusion of all ME technologies under a common paradigm would largely facilitate their study. Here, I develop a unified conceptual framework of ME and integrate robot embodiment as part of the phenomenon. I first describe the central component of ME: avatars. I extend the concept of avatar used in virtual reality to other forms of ME. I then outline the minimum conditions necessary to induce the embodiment illusion as well as the technical principles used to create this illusion. Next, I suggest that ME technologies can be regarded as tools that increase human capabilities in four directions: embodiment of a new self, expansion of traveling capabilities, expansion of body capabilities, and the reach of immortality. I connect the principal research conducted in the field to these categories and suggest potential research directions to promote the positive applied uses of ME. I conclude with the importance to also address ethical issues related to this phenomenon. ","PeriodicalId":119095,"journal":{"name":"Digital Psychology","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126282325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: 2.7 billion people around the world currently use a product from Facebook such as Instagram, WhatsApp or Facebook itself. These online platforms belong to the most important social media/messenger applications in the world, in particular with a Western view on this topic. Objectives: A growing movement in the scientific community aims to predict psychological traits and states via the study of digital footprints left on these platforms. In particular several researchers demonstrated already that it is feasible to predict personality from posted text on Facebook, but also from a person’s “Like” behavior and so forth. Methods: In the present work we carried out a meta-analysis on the available literature predicting personality from Facebook. Results: Results showed that on average, the accuracy of prediction of user personality scores by mining Facebook data is moderate (r = .33). Discussions: Currently, personality-predictions from social media and smartphone data are feasible, but far away from perfect. Therefore, current predictions from this data cannot be made on individual level. In the near future though, with both more data sets available and more elaborate analysis strategies from artificial intelligence to be applied, this might change.
{"title":"Digital Phenotyping of Big Five Personality via Facebook Data Mining: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"D. Marengo, C. Montag","doi":"10.24989/dp.v1i1.1823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24989/dp.v1i1.1823","url":null,"abstract":"Background: 2.7 billion people around the world currently use a product from Facebook such as Instagram, WhatsApp or Facebook itself. These online platforms belong to the most important social media/messenger applications in the world, in particular with a Western view on this topic. Objectives: A growing movement in the scientific community aims to predict psychological traits and states via the study of digital footprints left on these platforms. In particular several researchers demonstrated already that it is feasible to predict personality from posted text on Facebook, but also from a person’s “Like” behavior and so forth. Methods: In the present work we carried out a meta-analysis on the available literature predicting personality from Facebook. Results: Results showed that on average, the accuracy of prediction of user personality scores by mining Facebook data is moderate (r = .33). Discussions: Currently, personality-predictions from social media and smartphone data are feasible, but far away from perfect. Therefore, current predictions from this data cannot be made on individual level. In the near future though, with both more data sets available and more elaborate analysis strategies from artificial intelligence to be applied, this might change.","PeriodicalId":119095,"journal":{"name":"Digital Psychology","volume":"9 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120931347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The present opinion work provides the reader with a short background on recent advances in the field of Psychoinformatics. Psychoinformatics represents a merger between the disciplines of computer science and psychology, among others to enable researchers to conduct digital phenotyping while exploiting the ubiquitously available digital traces resulting from interaction with the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT describes a totally interconnected world, where everything from the household appliance to the smartphone is linked to each other via the Internet. Objectives: In recent years, much work has been dedicated to the question of which psychological variables, in the realm of socio-demographics and personality, can be predicted from social media platform data and/or smartphones in general. These variables are of interest to be studied, because they have been associated with many important life variables such as longevity, health behavior and job performance. Methods: As research concerning cognition has been comparably less studied in Psychoinformatics, the focus of the present review-work will lie more on ideas regarding how cognitive functions and precisely dementia such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) might covary with data from the IoT. Results: It is demonstrated that different sociodemographic and psychological variables including cognitive variables currently can be predicted to different extent via digital footprints. Conclusions: Beyond abundant chances due to applying methods from Psychoinformatics to improve diagnostics and monitoring of AD, limitations of such approaches are also addressed together with relevant thoughts on ethical considerations.
{"title":"Digital Phenotyping - A Case for Cognitive Functions and Dementia?","authors":"C. Montag, J. Elhai","doi":"10.24989/dp.v1i1.1810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24989/dp.v1i1.1810","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present opinion work provides the reader with a short background on recent advances in the field of Psychoinformatics. Psychoinformatics represents a merger between the disciplines of computer science and psychology, among others to enable researchers to conduct digital phenotyping while exploiting the ubiquitously available digital traces resulting from interaction with the Internet of Things (IoT). IoT describes a totally interconnected world, where everything from the household appliance to the smartphone is linked to each other via the Internet. Objectives: In recent years, much work has been dedicated to the question of which psychological variables, in the realm of socio-demographics and personality, can be predicted from social media platform data and/or smartphones in general. These variables are of interest to be studied, because they have been associated with many important life variables such as longevity, health behavior and job performance. Methods: As research concerning cognition has been comparably less studied in Psychoinformatics, the focus of the present review-work will lie more on ideas regarding how cognitive functions and precisely dementia such as Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) might covary with data from the IoT. Results: It is demonstrated that different sociodemographic and psychological variables including cognitive variables currently can be predicted to different extent via digital footprints. Conclusions: Beyond abundant chances due to applying methods from Psychoinformatics to improve diagnostics and monitoring of AD, limitations of such approaches are also addressed together with relevant thoughts on ethical considerations.","PeriodicalId":119095,"journal":{"name":"Digital Psychology","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114835234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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