Sabih Nofal, Anum Arif, Ahsan Khan, Sundus Saif, Abdul Waheed Khan, M. Arif
Objective: To compare the frequency of Surgical Site Infection ( SSI ) and mean length of hospital stay between the Purse-string closure and conventional primary closure techniques for stoma reversal. Methods: The study was carried out in Surgical Unit-III, Lahore General Hospital Lahore from January 5, 2018 to July 5, 2018. The study designed as a Observational Study. Patients undergoing surgery for Ileostomy were randomly divided into two groups, Group-A (Purse-string closure) and Group-B (Conventional primary closure). All the patients were called for follow up checkup on 14th days after operation and after one month. Both of the groups were checked and recorded for SSI after operation and hospital stay. The data was statistically analyzed by using SPSS v23.0.t test (independent sample) used for the comparison of hospital stay mean. Chi-square was also used for the comparison of the frequencies of SSI. Data were stratified for gender and age. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 140 patients were enrolled for this study. Patients were divided into two groups i.e. Group- A (Purse-string closure) and Group-B (Conventional primary closure). In group-A, mean duration of hospital stay was 5.7±1.0 days, while 7.3±1.1 days in group-B, which is statistically significant with a p-value of 0.000. In group-A, surgical site infection was in 4(5.7%) patients, while 11(15.7%) patients of group-B, which is statistically significant with a p-value of 0.046. Conclusion: The frequency of surgical site infection and mean length of hospital stay after stoma reversal, purse-string suturing technique is significantly less than conventional primary closure technique. Key Words: Surgical stoma; Ileostomy; Closure; Infection. How to cite: Nofal S., Arif A., Khan A., Saif. S., Khan W.A., Arif A. Comparing SSI in Purse-String Versus Conventional Primary Closure Following Stoma Reversal. Esculapio 2021; 17(01): 15-19
{"title":"Comparing SSI In Purse-String Versus Conventional Primary Closure Following Stoma Reversal","authors":"Sabih Nofal, Anum Arif, Ahsan Khan, Sundus Saif, Abdul Waheed Khan, M. Arif","doi":"10.51273/ESC21.251713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC21.251713","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the frequency of Surgical Site Infection ( SSI ) and mean length of hospital stay between the Purse-string closure and conventional primary closure techniques for stoma reversal. Methods: The study was carried out in Surgical Unit-III, Lahore General Hospital Lahore from January 5, 2018 to July 5, 2018. The study designed as a Observational Study. Patients undergoing surgery for Ileostomy were randomly divided into two groups, Group-A (Purse-string closure) and Group-B (Conventional primary closure). All the patients were called for follow up checkup on 14th days after operation and after one month. Both of the groups were checked and recorded for SSI after operation and hospital stay. The data was statistically analyzed by using SPSS v23.0.t test (independent sample) used for the comparison of hospital stay mean. Chi-square was also used for the comparison of the frequencies of SSI. Data were stratified for gender and age. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: A total of 140 patients were enrolled for this study. Patients were divided into two groups i.e. Group- A (Purse-string closure) and Group-B (Conventional primary closure). In group-A, mean duration of hospital stay was 5.7±1.0 days, while 7.3±1.1 days in group-B, which is statistically significant with a p-value of 0.000. In group-A, surgical site infection was in 4(5.7%) patients, while 11(15.7%) patients of group-B, which is statistically significant with a p-value of 0.046. Conclusion: The frequency of surgical site infection and mean length of hospital stay after stoma reversal, purse-string suturing technique is significantly less than conventional primary closure technique. Key Words: Surgical stoma; Ileostomy; Closure; Infection. How to cite: Nofal S., Arif A., Khan A., Saif. S., Khan W.A., Arif A. Comparing SSI in Purse-String Versus Conventional Primary Closure Following Stoma Reversal. Esculapio 2021; 17(01): 15-19","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41273656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Z. Rashid, Saira Tariq, Yumna Naeem, Z. Jabeen, Mariyam Tariq, Syed Kamran
Sub-optimal health status is a gray state of health interceding between health and disease, causing reduction in vitality and adaptability in absence of any diagnosed illness. It is considered as a precursor to disease state whose prevention will decrease burden on healthcare system. Objectives: To assess the burden of suboptimal health status and analyze its association with lifestyle factors among undergraduate medical students. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted at King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. Questionnaires based upon “Sub-Health Measurement Scale V1.0 (SHMS V1.0)'' and “Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II)'' were distributed among medical students of different years and 379 responses were completed. The data was entered in SPSS version 23 using quantitative variables. Chi-square test was employed to determine association of dependent with independent variables. Results: Frequency of the Sub-optimal health status and Health among individuals of study population was found to be 78.1% (296) and 21.9% (83) respectively. A significant positive association of lifestyle factors with Sub optimal Health Status was found (p < 0.005). There was a slightly high frequency of SHS among females than males and day scholars than hostellers. The respondents having SHS had lower mean values for each HPLP-II dimension relative to those who were reported as healthy. Conclusion: There is a high frequency of SHS among medical students. Poor lifestyle is a risk factor as a significant correlation exists. It can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Key Words: Sub optimal, SHS, Health, Lifestyle, Dimensions. How to cite: Rashid Z., Tariq S., Naeem Y., Jabeen Z., Tariq M., Kamran H.A.S. Association of lifestyle factors wih sub- optimal health status among undergraduate medical students: a cross sectinal study. Esculapio 2021;17(01):20-25
{"title":"Association of Lifestyle Factors with Sub-optimal Health Status Among Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross Sectional Study","authors":"Z. Rashid, Saira Tariq, Yumna Naeem, Z. Jabeen, Mariyam Tariq, Syed Kamran","doi":"10.51273/ESC21.251714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC21.251714","url":null,"abstract":"Sub-optimal health status is a gray state of health interceding between health and disease, causing reduction in vitality and adaptability in absence of any diagnosed illness. It is considered as a precursor to disease state whose prevention will decrease burden on healthcare system. Objectives: To assess the burden of suboptimal health status and analyze its association with lifestyle factors among undergraduate medical students. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted at King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan. Questionnaires based upon “Sub-Health Measurement Scale V1.0 (SHMS V1.0)'' and “Health Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II (HPLP-II)'' were distributed among medical students of different years and 379 responses were completed. The data was entered in SPSS version 23 using quantitative variables. Chi-square test was employed to determine association of dependent with independent variables. Results: Frequency of the Sub-optimal health status and Health among individuals of study population was found to be 78.1% (296) and 21.9% (83) respectively. A significant positive association of lifestyle factors with Sub optimal Health Status was found (p < 0.005). There was a slightly high frequency of SHS among females than males and day scholars than hostellers. The respondents having SHS had lower mean values for each HPLP-II dimension relative to those who were reported as healthy. Conclusion: There is a high frequency of SHS among medical students. Poor lifestyle is a risk factor as a significant correlation exists. It can be prevented by adopting a healthy lifestyle. Key Words: Sub optimal, SHS, Health, Lifestyle, Dimensions. How to cite: Rashid Z., Tariq S., Naeem Y., Jabeen Z., Tariq M., Kamran H.A.S. Association of lifestyle factors wih sub- optimal health status among undergraduate medical students: a cross sectinal study. Esculapio 2021;17(01):20-25","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42981677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taskeen Zahra, Ayesha Parvez, Fizza Tabassum, S. Sethi, A. Khalid, Noreen Maqbool
Objectives: To find out determinants of diagnostic and treatment delay among patients with thalassemia major in Sialkot. Methods: A cross –sectional analytical study was conducted in Sundas Foundation, Sialkot, from April 2019 to July 2019. A total of 120 patients were selected by convenient sampling and data was collected through semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Important determinants considered were age, gender, literacy of parents, previous knowledge of disease and first health care facility visited. Data was analysed on SPSS version 25.0 and presented in the form of tables and figures. Chi-Square test was applied to study relationships between diagnostic and treatment delays with sociodemographic profile and other factors. P- value < 0.05 considered significant. Results: There was considerable delay of 30-180 days in diagnosis of thalassemia patients (37.5%), 42.7% patients diagnosed in less than 30 days. Treatment delay of 7-21 days in 18% patients seen, 71% started treatment within a week. 30-180 days delay in seeking medical care, was observed in 20.8% patients. Only 24.2%patients visited government health facility for medical care. First facility visited and delay in seeking medical care were significantly associated with diagnostic delay (p value 0.000 and 0.005 respectively). Only 16.7% had previous knowledge about thalassemia and 21.6% parents knew about legislation regarding mandatory pre-marital screening for thalassemia. Conclusion: Among important determinants, first health care facility visited and delay in seeking medical care had significant relationship with diagnostic delay. Better accessibility to healthcare facilities can overcome them. Key words: Diagnostic Delay, Treatment Delay, Thalassemia, Determinants How to cite: Zahra k,pervaiz A,Tabassum F,Sethi S,Khalid A;Determinants of diagnostic and treatment delay among thalassemia patients in Sialkot, Esculapio.2021;17(1);93-99
{"title":"Determinants of Diagnostic and treatment delay among Thalassemia patients in Sialkot","authors":"Taskeen Zahra, Ayesha Parvez, Fizza Tabassum, S. Sethi, A. Khalid, Noreen Maqbool","doi":"10.51273/ESC21.2517119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC21.2517119","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To find out determinants of diagnostic and treatment delay among patients with thalassemia major in Sialkot. Methods: A cross –sectional analytical study was conducted in Sundas Foundation, Sialkot, from April 2019 to July 2019. A total of 120 patients were selected by convenient sampling and data was collected through semi-structured, pre-tested questionnaire. Important determinants considered were age, gender, literacy of parents, previous knowledge of disease and first health care facility visited. Data was analysed on SPSS version 25.0 and presented in the form of tables and figures. Chi-Square test was applied to study relationships between diagnostic and treatment delays with sociodemographic profile and other factors. P- value < 0.05 considered significant. Results: There was considerable delay of 30-180 days in diagnosis of thalassemia patients (37.5%), 42.7% patients diagnosed in less than 30 days. Treatment delay of 7-21 days in 18% patients seen, 71% started treatment within a week. 30-180 days delay in seeking medical care, was observed in 20.8% patients. Only 24.2%patients visited government health facility for medical care. First facility visited and delay in seeking medical care were significantly associated with diagnostic delay (p value 0.000 and 0.005 respectively). Only 16.7% had previous knowledge about thalassemia and 21.6% parents knew about legislation regarding mandatory pre-marital screening for thalassemia. Conclusion: Among important determinants, first health care facility visited and delay in seeking medical care had significant relationship with diagnostic delay. Better accessibility to healthcare facilities can overcome them. Key words: Diagnostic Delay, Treatment Delay, Thalassemia, Determinants How to cite: Zahra k,pervaiz A,Tabassum F,Sethi S,Khalid A;Determinants of diagnostic and treatment delay among thalassemia patients in Sialkot, Esculapio.2021;17(1);93-99","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45624866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
B. Khan, F. Muzahir, Sahar Abdul Rauf, S. Fatima, Abida Pervaiz, S. Jamil
Objective: The purpose of our study was to assess the trends of self-medication practices and to determine the prevalence, characteristics, related factors, and effects of self-medication among the patients conducted. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was on patients of Combined Military Hospital Lahore on a sample size of 365. The data was collected and entered in a predesigned questionnaire about self-medication later analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Results: The prevalence of self-medication was 95.3% and effectiveness was 87.7%. The common reasons for self-medication were prior knowledge of usefulness of remedy (63.3%), non-affordability of consultant charges (18.4%), and lack of time (21.9%). Frequently used medicines included antibiotics (30.1%), analgesics (69.6%), antipyretics (51.0%), and antihistamines (23.6%). Respondents claimed to receive information about these drugs from various sources including doctor (38.6%), previous prescription (31.8%), retailer seller (13.4%), family/friends (43.6%), media (7.9%) and other sources (1.6%). Conclusion: It had been concluded that there is a high prevalence of self-medication. There is a need to raise public awareness about the appropriate use in order to prevent potential hazards of self-medication. Key Words: trends, self-medication, out-patient department How to cite: Khan B.A.A, Muzahir F, Rauf S.A, Fatima S.R, Pervaiz A, Jamil S. Trends of self- medication amongst the patients visiting the out-patient department of Combined Military Hospital, Lahore. Esculapio.2021. 30-33
{"title":"Trends of Self-Medication Amongst the Patients Visiting the Out-Patient Department of Combined Military Hospital, Lahore","authors":"B. Khan, F. Muzahir, Sahar Abdul Rauf, S. Fatima, Abida Pervaiz, S. Jamil","doi":"10.51273/ESC21.251716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC21.251716","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The purpose of our study was to assess the trends of self-medication practices and to determine the prevalence, characteristics, related factors, and effects of self-medication among the patients conducted. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was on patients of Combined Military Hospital Lahore on a sample size of 365. The data was collected and entered in a predesigned questionnaire about self-medication later analyzed using SPSS version 17.0. Results: The prevalence of self-medication was 95.3% and effectiveness was 87.7%. The common reasons for self-medication were prior knowledge of usefulness of remedy (63.3%), non-affordability of consultant charges (18.4%), and lack of time (21.9%). Frequently used medicines included antibiotics (30.1%), analgesics (69.6%), antipyretics (51.0%), and antihistamines (23.6%). Respondents claimed to receive information about these drugs from various sources including doctor (38.6%), previous prescription (31.8%), retailer seller (13.4%), family/friends (43.6%), media (7.9%) and other sources (1.6%). Conclusion: It had been concluded that there is a high prevalence of self-medication. There is a need to raise public awareness about the appropriate use in order to prevent potential hazards of self-medication. Key Words: trends, self-medication, out-patient department How to cite: Khan B.A.A, Muzahir F, Rauf S.A, Fatima S.R, Pervaiz A, Jamil S. Trends of self- medication amongst the patients visiting the out-patient department of Combined Military Hospital, Lahore. Esculapio.2021. 30-33","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42339465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Yaqub, Z. Jamil, Numrah Bilal Butt, Amjad Zafar, F. R. Lodhi, M. A. Khokhar
Objectives: This study is done to determine knowledge and attitude of cancer patients towards COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study was conducted at Oncology Department, Mayo Hospital Lahore during August-October 2020. A questionnaire was used to determine knowledge and attitude of cancer patients towards COVID-19 pandemic. Data was analyzed using Spss version.23. Descriptive variables like gender, marital status, residence and disease characteristics were reported as means and frequencies. Intergroup analysis was done using Chi square test with p<0.05 taken as significant. Results: Of 269 enrolled patients, majority had advanced/metastatic disease (82.4%) and were being treated on outdoor basis (71.6%). Almost all (99.6%) were aware of COVID, electronic/print media being commonest source of information (62.7%). Though having different views, 81.5% considered it a natural calamity. During first wave,22.4% had delayed their investigations while 34.7% faced treatment interruptions with average duration of delay being 55±27 days. Traveling difficulties due to lock down was common reason of delay (54.8%). During this period 62.4% either noted worsening of symptoms or new symptoms. Despite all chaos, 89.9% selected for treatment continuation if provided with a chance and appropriate facilities. Correlation of delay in therapy with high level of education (p=0.013) and perception about COVID-19 a natural calamity (p=0.041) was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Patients' perspective is important and should be taken into account in special circumstances like COVID. It will help in future in making efficient management planning of disease during unusual situations. Key Words: COVID-19, cancer patients, Knowledge How to cite: Yaqub S., Jamil Z., Butt. B.N., Zafar A., Lodhi R.F., Khokhar A.M. Knowledge and attitude of cancer patients towards COVID-19 pandemic. Esculapio 2021;17(01):26-29
{"title":"Knowledge and Attitude of Cancer Patients Towards COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"S. Yaqub, Z. Jamil, Numrah Bilal Butt, Amjad Zafar, F. R. Lodhi, M. A. Khokhar","doi":"10.51273/ESC21.251715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC21.251715","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study is done to determine knowledge and attitude of cancer patients towards COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: The study was conducted at Oncology Department, Mayo Hospital Lahore during August-October 2020. A questionnaire was used to determine knowledge and attitude of cancer patients towards COVID-19 pandemic. Data was analyzed using Spss version.23. Descriptive variables like gender, marital status, residence and disease characteristics were reported as means and frequencies. Intergroup analysis was done using Chi square test with p<0.05 taken as significant. Results: Of 269 enrolled patients, majority had advanced/metastatic disease (82.4%) and were being treated on outdoor basis (71.6%). Almost all (99.6%) were aware of COVID, electronic/print media being commonest source of information (62.7%). Though having different views, 81.5% considered it a natural calamity. During first wave,22.4% had delayed their investigations while 34.7% faced treatment interruptions with average duration of delay being 55±27 days. Traveling difficulties due to lock down was common reason of delay (54.8%). During this period 62.4% either noted worsening of symptoms or new symptoms. Despite all chaos, 89.9% selected for treatment continuation if provided with a chance and appropriate facilities. Correlation of delay in therapy with high level of education (p=0.013) and perception about COVID-19 a natural calamity (p=0.041) was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: Patients' perspective is important and should be taken into account in special circumstances like COVID. It will help in future in making efficient management planning of disease during unusual situations. Key Words: COVID-19, cancer patients, Knowledge How to cite: Yaqub S., Jamil Z., Butt. B.N., Zafar A., Lodhi R.F., Khokhar A.M. Knowledge and attitude of cancer patients towards COVID-19 pandemic. Esculapio 2021;17(01):26-29","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42596760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fourth Industrial revolution is currently sweeping the high-income countries (HIC) with Artificial Intelli- gence (AI) based automation affecting virtually every aspect of life. The term AI was first coined by McCar- thy in 1956. It was not until 2000s that AI began to thrive. The evolution of AI into the current status occurred in the last decade owing to the enhanced computing power using Graphic Processing Units (GPU), development of high-powered computer languages, and the emergence of the Big Data. The latter is generated through wireless communication between ‘Smart’ sensors/devices and self-learning machines. The word ‘smart’ is applied to any device that has memory and is able to connect with data networks such as the internet and the processors. In the last few years, there has been exponential growth in AI applications. This can be judged by the projec- tion that the AI field will add $ 15 Trillion to global economy, by the year 2030, up from $ 600 Million in 2016. This will occur mostly in the HIC. The adoption of AI by low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) lags far behind that of HICs. The LMICs would miss out in the economic benefits, further widening the global inequalities. Machine Learning and Deep Learning are branches of AI that are beginning to form the basis of the automation of financial and business decisions, and are the tools of self-driving cars, industrial produc- tion, data analytics, quality improvement and health- care processes to name a few. In healthcare, some of the AI applications have shown to enhance patient care, reduce medical errors, support clinical and administrative decision making, automate equipment maintenance and help reduce operational cost. For instance, AI led cost reductions achieved up to 25 percent drop in the length of hospital stay and up to 91 per cent reduction in admissions to step down facili- ties. In the United States alone, by the year 2026, AI in healthcare is estimated to realize $150 billion in annual cost savings.
{"title":"Artificial Intelligence, the Need of the Hour","authors":"Sarwat Hussain","doi":"10.51273/ESC21.2517122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC21.2517122","url":null,"abstract":"Fourth Industrial revolution is currently sweeping the high-income countries (HIC) with Artificial Intelli- gence (AI) based automation affecting virtually every aspect of life. The term AI was first coined by McCar- thy in 1956. It was not until 2000s that AI began to thrive. The evolution of AI into the current status occurred in the last decade owing to the enhanced computing power using Graphic Processing Units (GPU), development of high-powered computer languages, and the emergence of the Big Data. The latter is generated through wireless communication between ‘Smart’ sensors/devices and self-learning machines. The word ‘smart’ is applied to any device that has memory and is able to connect with data networks such as the internet and the processors. In the last few years, there has been exponential growth in AI applications. This can be judged by the projec- tion that the AI field will add $ 15 Trillion to global economy, by the year 2030, up from $ 600 Million in 2016. This will occur mostly in the HIC. The adoption of AI by low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) lags far behind that of HICs. The LMICs would miss out in the economic benefits, further widening the global inequalities. Machine Learning and Deep Learning are branches of AI that are beginning to form the basis of the automation of financial and business decisions, and are the tools of self-driving cars, industrial produc- tion, data analytics, quality improvement and health- care processes to name a few. In healthcare, some of the AI applications have shown to enhance patient care, reduce medical errors, support clinical and administrative decision making, automate equipment maintenance and help reduce operational cost. For instance, AI led cost reductions achieved up to 25 percent drop in the length of hospital stay and up to 91 per cent reduction in admissions to step down facili- ties. In the United States alone, by the year 2026, AI in healthcare is estimated to realize $150 billion in annual cost savings.","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":"17 1","pages":"1-2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43135559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine the effect of intravenous xylocaine and magnesium sulfate on attenuation of hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation in patients undergoing general anaesthesia. Methods: This was a randomized controlled study carried out at operation theaters of services hospital lahore after obtaining approval from IRB of hospital. The data was collected over period of six month from 20.05.2020 to 20.12.2020 through electronic databases. 60 patients were divided into two groups of 30 each by lottery method in this randomized control trial. Intravenous magnesium sulphate 30 mg/ kg diluted in 50 ml normal saline 15 min before induction was administered in M group and 50 ml normal saline given in L group. Induction was done with propofol 2 mg/ kg, followed by suxamethonium 2 mg/ kg. I/V lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg diluted in N/S (5ml) was given as bolus in L group and 5 ml N/S IV bolus in M group 1 minute before intubation. Laryngoscopy was performed and the trachea was intubated after 1 minute. HR, systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial pressures (MAP) were measured just before securing intravenous access, just before induction, after intubation and 1,3,5 min post intubation. Results: Mean age for both groups was 36.0±12.8 and 38.2±10.8. Mean HR was significantly different between two groups immediately after intubation (p=0.010), and at 1, 3 and 5 minutes also (p=0.004, p=0.018 and p=0.024) respectively. No significant difference was seen in systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures at intubation, 1 minute, 3 minutes and 5 minutes after intubation among the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Both Magnesian Sulfate and lignocaine are effective in attenuating haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation but magnesium sulphate provides better efficacy in control of heart rate. Key Words: Haemodynamic response, laryngoscopy, Intubation, magnesium sulphate, lignocaine. How to cite: Azam M., Amjad A.W.M., A. Khaleeq S., Asad N. Comparison of Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate and Lidocaine effects on attenuating haemodynamic variables to laryngoscopy and intubation in patient undergoing general anesthesia. Esculapio 2021; 17(01):65-70 DOI
{"title":"Comparison of Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate and Lidocaine Effects on Attenuating Haemodynamic Variables to Laryngoscopy and Intubation in Patient Undergoing General Anesthesia","authors":"M. Azam, M. Amjad, S. Khaleeq, N. Asad","doi":"10.51273/ESC21.2517113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC21.2517113","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the effect of intravenous xylocaine and magnesium sulfate on attenuation of hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation in patients undergoing general anaesthesia. Methods: This was a randomized controlled study carried out at operation theaters of services hospital lahore after obtaining approval from IRB of hospital. The data was collected over period of six month from 20.05.2020 to 20.12.2020 through electronic databases. 60 patients were divided into two groups of 30 each by lottery method in this randomized control trial. Intravenous magnesium sulphate 30 mg/ kg diluted in 50 ml normal saline 15 min before induction was administered in M group and 50 ml normal saline given in L group. Induction was done with propofol 2 mg/ kg, followed by suxamethonium 2 mg/ kg. I/V lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg diluted in N/S (5ml) was given as bolus in L group and 5 ml N/S IV bolus in M group 1 minute before intubation. Laryngoscopy was performed and the trachea was intubated after 1 minute. HR, systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial pressures (MAP) were measured just before securing intravenous access, just before induction, after intubation and 1,3,5 min post intubation. Results: Mean age for both groups was 36.0±12.8 and 38.2±10.8. Mean HR was significantly different between two groups immediately after intubation (p=0.010), and at 1, 3 and 5 minutes also (p=0.004, p=0.018 and p=0.024) respectively. No significant difference was seen in systolic, diastolic and mean blood pressures at intubation, 1 minute, 3 minutes and 5 minutes after intubation among the groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Both Magnesian Sulfate and lignocaine are effective in attenuating haemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation but magnesium sulphate provides better efficacy in control of heart rate. Key Words: Haemodynamic response, laryngoscopy, Intubation, magnesium sulphate, lignocaine. How to cite: Azam M., Amjad A.W.M., A. Khaleeq S., Asad N. Comparison of Intravenous Magnesium Sulphate and Lidocaine effects on attenuating haemodynamic variables to laryngoscopy and intubation in patient undergoing general anesthesia. Esculapio 2021; 17(01):65-70 DOI","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42995718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: It has been documented that the administration of exogenous androgens to immature female rats produces polycystic ovaries. There is a substantial reduction of antioxidants in this condition, with an elevated risk of oxidative stress. The current research is intended to evaluate these effects and to assess the protection provided by aqueous garlic extract (AGE). Methods: An experimental study conducted at University of Health Sciences, Lahore. The data was collected over a period of one month. Fifty female prepubertal rats, 21 days of age, were divided into five groups, A, B, C, D and E. Group A served as control. Group B received testosterone propionate (TP) subcutaneous for 14 days and served as disease control. Group C received testosterone propionate (TP) subcutaneous for 14 days and concomitantly Aqueous garlic extract (AGE). Group D receive testosterone propionate (TP) subcutaneous for 14 days and Aqueous garlic extract (AGE) from day 14-21. Group E received testosterone propionate (TP) subcutaneous for 14 days with no intervention till day 21. Blood samples of 50 female rats were drawn by doing cardiac puncture and clear serum was collected by centrifugation. This serum was used to assess the Catalase enzyme by using specific commercial kits. Results: The concentration and activity of catalase enzyme in the female rats with polycystic ovaries showed significant decrease as compare to the healthy controls. The involvement of antioxidants to manage the polycystic ovaries may be helpful as secondary therapy to prevent oxidative damage. Conclusion: The results showed that AGE with its antioxidative properties not only prevents the damage caused by oxidative stress, it also increased the level of serum catalase that helps to create a balance between beneficial oxidant generation and damaging oxidative stress. Key words: Androgens, immature female rats, ovaries, antioxidants, oxidative stress, aqueous garlic extract (AGE), Catalase. How to cite: Bashir.Y., Habib N. Ashraf .S. Anti-Oxidative Effect of Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) on Androgen Induced Changes in Ovaries of Prepubertal Female Rats. Esculapio. 2021.17(01):55-59
{"title":"Anti-Oxidative Effect of Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) on Androgen Induced Changes in Ovaries of Prepubertal Female Rats","authors":"Yasmeen Bashir, N. Habib, S. Ashraf","doi":"10.51273/ESC21.2517111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC21.2517111","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: It has been documented that the administration of exogenous androgens to immature female rats produces polycystic ovaries. There is a substantial reduction of antioxidants in this condition, with an elevated risk of oxidative stress. The current research is intended to evaluate these effects and to assess the protection provided by aqueous garlic extract (AGE). Methods: An experimental study conducted at University of Health Sciences, Lahore. The data was collected over a period of one month. Fifty female prepubertal rats, 21 days of age, were divided into five groups, A, B, C, D and E. Group A served as control. Group B received testosterone propionate (TP) subcutaneous for 14 days and served as disease control. Group C received testosterone propionate (TP) subcutaneous for 14 days and concomitantly Aqueous garlic extract (AGE). Group D receive testosterone propionate (TP) subcutaneous for 14 days and Aqueous garlic extract (AGE) from day 14-21. Group E received testosterone propionate (TP) subcutaneous for 14 days with no intervention till day 21. Blood samples of 50 female rats were drawn by doing cardiac puncture and clear serum was collected by centrifugation. This serum was used to assess the Catalase enzyme by using specific commercial kits. Results: The concentration and activity of catalase enzyme in the female rats with polycystic ovaries showed significant decrease as compare to the healthy controls. The involvement of antioxidants to manage the polycystic ovaries may be helpful as secondary therapy to prevent oxidative damage. Conclusion: The results showed that AGE with its antioxidative properties not only prevents the damage caused by oxidative stress, it also increased the level of serum catalase that helps to create a balance between beneficial oxidant generation and damaging oxidative stress. Key words: Androgens, immature female rats, ovaries, antioxidants, oxidative stress, aqueous garlic extract (AGE), Catalase. How to cite: Bashir.Y., Habib N. Ashraf .S. Anti-Oxidative Effect of Aqueous Garlic Extract (AGE) on Androgen Induced Changes in Ovaries of Prepubertal Female Rats. Esculapio. 2021.17(01):55-59","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45724913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faridah Sohail, Lala Rukh Bangash, W. Azim, F. Arshad, A. Anwar, A. Niazi
Objective: To compare the efficacy of oral ketamine with oral dexmedetomidine for providing adequate analgesia for change of dressing in burn patients in burn dressing room. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was carried out in Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Lahore, from April 2019 to September 2019 after getting the approval from the Ethical Committee of Jinnah Hospital / Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore. 80 patients between 20 to 50 years, with 1st and 2nd degree burns and 20 to 40% of total body surface area involved were allocated in two groups A and B. The patients in group A received oral ketamine at a dose of 5mg/kg in 15 ml of water 30 mins while those in group B received dexmedetomidine, 4 ug/kg orally, in 15 ml of water 30 mins before the start of dressing change. The change of dressing was carried out with continuous vital monitoring. Pain was assessed via visual analogue scale (VAS) and sedation via Ramsay sedation score. All the observations were recorded on the predesigned proforma. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis. Result: The baseline mean VAS score of patients in group A was 7.67 + 0.55 and in group B was 7.70 + 0.57 (p value = 0.799). Significant decrease in pain score in both groups was noted after 30 mins of drugs administration (p=0.000). Also a significant difference in pain scores was seen between the two groups (p< 0.05), with the patients in group A having lower pain scores as compared to patients in group B. Conclusion: both ketamine and dexmedetomidine provide adequate analgesia for the change of burn dressing when administered orally with ketamine providing better analgesic state as compared to dexmedetomidine. Key Words: Burn, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, analgesia. How to cite: Sohail F., Bangash R.L., Azim W., Arshad F, Anwar A., Niazi K.A. Analgesia for the Change of Dressing in Burn Victims: A Comparison between Oral Ketamine and Oral Dexmedetomidine. Esulapio 2021;17(01):39-44
{"title":"Analgesia for the Change of Dressing in Burn Victims: A Comparison Between Oral Ketamine and Oral Dexmedetomidine","authors":"Faridah Sohail, Lala Rukh Bangash, W. Azim, F. Arshad, A. Anwar, A. Niazi","doi":"10.51273/ESC21.251718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC21.251718","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the efficacy of oral ketamine with oral dexmedetomidine for providing adequate analgesia for change of dressing in burn patients in burn dressing room. Methods: This randomized controlled trial was carried out in Jinnah Burn and Reconstructive Surgery Center, Lahore, from April 2019 to September 2019 after getting the approval from the Ethical Committee of Jinnah Hospital / Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore. 80 patients between 20 to 50 years, with 1st and 2nd degree burns and 20 to 40% of total body surface area involved were allocated in two groups A and B. The patients in group A received oral ketamine at a dose of 5mg/kg in 15 ml of water 30 mins while those in group B received dexmedetomidine, 4 ug/kg orally, in 15 ml of water 30 mins before the start of dressing change. The change of dressing was carried out with continuous vital monitoring. Pain was assessed via visual analogue scale (VAS) and sedation via Ramsay sedation score. All the observations were recorded on the predesigned proforma. SPSS version 21 was used for data analysis. Result: The baseline mean VAS score of patients in group A was 7.67 + 0.55 and in group B was 7.70 + 0.57 (p value = 0.799). Significant decrease in pain score in both groups was noted after 30 mins of drugs administration (p=0.000). Also a significant difference in pain scores was seen between the two groups (p< 0.05), with the patients in group A having lower pain scores as compared to patients in group B. Conclusion: both ketamine and dexmedetomidine provide adequate analgesia for the change of burn dressing when administered orally with ketamine providing better analgesic state as compared to dexmedetomidine. Key Words: Burn, ketamine, dexmedetomidine, analgesia. How to cite: Sohail F., Bangash R.L., Azim W., Arshad F, Anwar A., Niazi K.A. Analgesia for the Change of Dressing in Burn Victims: A Comparison between Oral Ketamine and Oral Dexmedetomidine. Esulapio 2021;17(01):39-44","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44427949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The objective of study is to determine the fetomaternal outcome after induction of labour at term in patients with gestational diabetes. Methods: This study was conducted at department of Obstetrics and gynecology of Hameed Latif hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from March 2019 to October 2019. Seventy-nine pregnant women with gestational diabetes at term, undergoing induction of labour were included in the study after informed consent. Maternal outcome was studied by classifying different modes of delivery. Fetal outcome was measured on basis of APGAR scores and neonatal weight. Results: There were 55/79 vaginal deliveries making vaginal delivery rate to be 66.9%. Mean birth weight of neonates was 3.15 + 0.558 kg. Mean APGAR Score at 1 min and 5 minutes were 7.7 + 0.6193 and 8.8 + 0.4793 respectively. Conclusion: Labor induction in patients with gestational diabetes is associated with lower rate of cesarean delivery with a satisfactory fetal outcome. Key Words: Gestational diabetes, induction of labour, maternal outcome, fetal outcome How to cite: Imran S., Dr., Noreen. A, Khayam. I., Arjmand A., Ghafoor R., Khalique F. Fetomaternal Outcome After Induction of Labor at Term in Patients with Gestational Diabetes. Esculapio 2021;17(01):49-54
{"title":"Fetomaternal Outcome After Induction of Labor at Term in Patients with Gestational Diabetes","authors":"Sajida Imran, Asifa Noreen, Irum Khayam, A. Arjmand, Razia Ghafoor, Fouzia Khalique","doi":"10.51273/ESC21.2517110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.51273/ESC21.2517110","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of study is to determine the fetomaternal outcome after induction of labour at term in patients with gestational diabetes. Methods: This study was conducted at department of Obstetrics and gynecology of Hameed Latif hospital, Lahore, Pakistan from March 2019 to October 2019. Seventy-nine pregnant women with gestational diabetes at term, undergoing induction of labour were included in the study after informed consent. Maternal outcome was studied by classifying different modes of delivery. Fetal outcome was measured on basis of APGAR scores and neonatal weight. Results: There were 55/79 vaginal deliveries making vaginal delivery rate to be 66.9%. Mean birth weight of neonates was 3.15 + 0.558 kg. Mean APGAR Score at 1 min and 5 minutes were 7.7 + 0.6193 and 8.8 + 0.4793 respectively. Conclusion: Labor induction in patients with gestational diabetes is associated with lower rate of cesarean delivery with a satisfactory fetal outcome. Key Words: Gestational diabetes, induction of labour, maternal outcome, fetal outcome How to cite: Imran S., Dr., Noreen. A, Khayam. I., Arjmand A., Ghafoor R., Khalique F. Fetomaternal Outcome After Induction of Labor at Term in Patients with Gestational Diabetes. Esculapio 2021;17(01):49-54","PeriodicalId":11923,"journal":{"name":"Esculapio","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48354694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：