Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103969
P. K. De, Debaroti Das
An approach to multi attribute group decision making with intuitionistic fuzzy setting has been described. In the present article, the application of proposed ranking method based on value and ambiguity has been studied. A multi attribute group decision making problem has been studied with an illustrative numerical example.
{"title":"Application of ranking method to multi attribute decision making with trapezoidal intuitionistic fuzzy numbers","authors":"P. K. De, Debaroti Das","doi":"10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103969","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103969","url":null,"abstract":"An approach to multi attribute group decision making with intuitionistic fuzzy setting has been described. In the present article, the application of proposed ranking method based on value and ambiguity has been studied. A multi attribute group decision making problem has been studied with an illustrative numerical example.","PeriodicalId":119329,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 8th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128701558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103930
Abhay Kumar, Sunita Panda, S. Pani, V. Baghel, Ankita Panda
Fault-tolerant scheduling of real-time (RT) tasks in multiprocessor environment is essentially a NP-hard problem. This basically involves allocating a set of tasks to a set of processors so as to minimize the makespan and ensure tasks to meet their timing constraints. Many traditional heuristic approaches, such as earliest deadline first (EDF) and least laxity first (LLF) have been adopted to find optimal solution to this scheduling problem. However, conventional approach to achieve fault-tolerance (FT) in scheduling RT tasks based on traditional heuristic approach suffers from poor performance and results in inefficient processor utilization. Nature-inspired heuristic algorithms are gaining increased acceptance among researcher for solving real world NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. This paper presents a comparative study of the novel primary-backup (PB) based fault-tolerant scheduling (PBFTS) technique for RT tasks in multiprocessor environment using two popular nature-inspired heuristic algorithms: the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and the Genetic Algorithm (GA). Exhaustive simulation reveals that the PBFTS algorithm based on GA and ACO both outperform the traditional PBFTS schemes in terms of performance, system utilization and efficiency. However, the comparative study also shows that the ACO based scheme surpasses the GA based scheme in terms of speed of execution whereas GA based scheme displays superior convergence with respect to ACO counterpart.
{"title":"Aco and Ga based fault-tolerant scheduling of real-time tasks on multiprocessor systems — A comparative study","authors":"Abhay Kumar, Sunita Panda, S. Pani, V. Baghel, Ankita Panda","doi":"10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103930","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103930","url":null,"abstract":"Fault-tolerant scheduling of real-time (RT) tasks in multiprocessor environment is essentially a NP-hard problem. This basically involves allocating a set of tasks to a set of processors so as to minimize the makespan and ensure tasks to meet their timing constraints. Many traditional heuristic approaches, such as earliest deadline first (EDF) and least laxity first (LLF) have been adopted to find optimal solution to this scheduling problem. However, conventional approach to achieve fault-tolerance (FT) in scheduling RT tasks based on traditional heuristic approach suffers from poor performance and results in inefficient processor utilization. Nature-inspired heuristic algorithms are gaining increased acceptance among researcher for solving real world NP-hard combinatorial optimization problems. This paper presents a comparative study of the novel primary-backup (PB) based fault-tolerant scheduling (PBFTS) technique for RT tasks in multiprocessor environment using two popular nature-inspired heuristic algorithms: the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and the Genetic Algorithm (GA). Exhaustive simulation reveals that the PBFTS algorithm based on GA and ACO both outperform the traditional PBFTS schemes in terms of performance, system utilization and efficiency. However, the comparative study also shows that the ACO based scheme surpasses the GA based scheme in terms of speed of execution whereas GA based scheme displays superior convergence with respect to ACO counterpart.","PeriodicalId":119329,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 8th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)","volume":"426 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133516070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103911
B. Vasanthan, G. Devaradjane
This article presents a co-axial cylindrical probe developed to predict the condition of the lubricating oil in internal combustion engines. Aging of lubrication oil has a major role in premature failure of engines. Changes in their physical and chemical properties affect the oil's lubricating quality. The proposed system is used to measure the dielectric constant of oil under test. This is a used to predict the degradation of oil. Kinematic viscosity, total acid number, total base number and soot of the collected samples are measured by American society for testing and materials (ASTM) methods. The probe is used to test various samples of lubrication oil to determine change in dielectric constant with degradation which is compared with laboratory test results. The test results show that, the probe is responding well, for change in viscosity, TBN, TAN and soot content. Hence the probe is a reliable device to monitor the lubrication oil condition by measuring the change in dielectric constant.
{"title":"Prediction of end of useful life time of internal combustion engine lubricating oil by using coaxial cylindrical probe","authors":"B. Vasanthan, G. Devaradjane","doi":"10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103911","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a co-axial cylindrical probe developed to predict the condition of the lubricating oil in internal combustion engines. Aging of lubrication oil has a major role in premature failure of engines. Changes in their physical and chemical properties affect the oil's lubricating quality. The proposed system is used to measure the dielectric constant of oil under test. This is a used to predict the degradation of oil. Kinematic viscosity, total acid number, total base number and soot of the collected samples are measured by American society for testing and materials (ASTM) methods. The probe is used to test various samples of lubrication oil to determine change in dielectric constant with degradation which is compared with laboratory test results. The test results show that, the probe is responding well, for change in viscosity, TBN, TAN and soot content. Hence the probe is a reliable device to monitor the lubrication oil condition by measuring the change in dielectric constant.","PeriodicalId":119329,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 8th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)","volume":"169 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123469175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103935
Á. Mónica, Narayanappa
The increase in size and complexity of power system networks with a large number of interconnections has exposed the system to various contingencies, which lead to system instability. Therefore, it is necessary for a power system to remain in a state of operating equilibrium under normal operating conditions and to regain an acceptable state of equilibrium after being subjected to a disturbance such as sudden load changes and transmission system faults. The degree of the system stability is an important factor in the planning of new facilities and their interconnection. The proposed method presents the transient stability analysis of a power system using ETAP software. A three phase fault is located at a specified bus and as a result of this the critical clearing time on the system stability is studied.
{"title":"Transient stability analysis of TNGT power system","authors":"Á. Mónica, Narayanappa","doi":"10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103935","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in size and complexity of power system networks with a large number of interconnections has exposed the system to various contingencies, which lead to system instability. Therefore, it is necessary for a power system to remain in a state of operating equilibrium under normal operating conditions and to regain an acceptable state of equilibrium after being subjected to a disturbance such as sudden load changes and transmission system faults. The degree of the system stability is an important factor in the planning of new facilities and their interconnection. The proposed method presents the transient stability analysis of a power system using ETAP software. A three phase fault is located at a specified bus and as a result of this the critical clearing time on the system stability is studied.","PeriodicalId":119329,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 8th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130150017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103976
C. Rajakumar, S. Yuvaraj, T. Meenambal, S. Suji
The growing cost of traditional stabilizing agents and the need for the economical utilization of industrial and agricultural wastes has prompted an investigation into the stabilizing potential of coal ash (CA), groundnut shell ash (GSA) and bagasse ash (BA) in highly expansive soil. In this study an attempt has been made to utilize the industrial and agricultural wastes such as coal ash, groundnut shell ash and bagasse ash as stabilizing agent. The effect of industrial and agricultural wastes under individual and combinations (equal proportion) of mix proportions on certain properties of soil such as Optimum Moisture Content (OMC), maximum dry density (MDD), Unconfined Compressive (UCC) Strength and CBR has been studied. Index properties of natural soil showed that it belongs to CH in the IS classification system, soils under these groups are poor engineering benefit. It has been observed that 30% of C.A and 8% of GSA and B.A for individual mix proportions and 12%C.A + 12%GSA, 16%C.A + 16%B.A and 16%B.A + 16%GSA for the combinations of mix proportions, are the optimum percentage that give the maximum CBR value.
{"title":"Experimental study on the utilization of industrial and agricultural wastes to stabilize the expansive soil subgrades","authors":"C. Rajakumar, S. Yuvaraj, T. Meenambal, S. Suji","doi":"10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103976","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103976","url":null,"abstract":"The growing cost of traditional stabilizing agents and the need for the economical utilization of industrial and agricultural wastes has prompted an investigation into the stabilizing potential of coal ash (CA), groundnut shell ash (GSA) and bagasse ash (BA) in highly expansive soil. In this study an attempt has been made to utilize the industrial and agricultural wastes such as coal ash, groundnut shell ash and bagasse ash as stabilizing agent. The effect of industrial and agricultural wastes under individual and combinations (equal proportion) of mix proportions on certain properties of soil such as Optimum Moisture Content (OMC), maximum dry density (MDD), Unconfined Compressive (UCC) Strength and CBR has been studied. Index properties of natural soil showed that it belongs to CH in the IS classification system, soils under these groups are poor engineering benefit. It has been observed that 30% of C.A and 8% of GSA and B.A for individual mix proportions and 12%C.A + 12%GSA, 16%C.A + 16%B.A and 16%B.A + 16%GSA for the combinations of mix proportions, are the optimum percentage that give the maximum CBR value.","PeriodicalId":119329,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 8th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127572591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103957
Kaliuday Balleda
Agriculture is one of the major sources of income in developing countries like India. Pests are one of the main sources for the degradation of quality and quantity of the major crops such as Rice and Wheat. The lack of knowledge about technical & scientific methods to prevent pest diseases is the main reason for less production of these commodities. This paper presents an architectural framework of an agriculture Expert System and describes the design and development of the rule based expert system for rice and wheat crop pest management. The designed system is intended for the diagnosis of diseases caused by pests in the rice & wheat plants respectively and it also facilitates different components including decision support module with interactive console base user interface for diagnosis on the basis of response(s) of the user made against the queries related to particular disease symptoms. This paper provides a new approach for knowledge representation in expert systems for agricultural domain. The Explanation block (EB) of the system provides the explanation for a particular decision taken by the system. Explanation block gives the clear view of logic followed by kernel of the expert system.
{"title":"Agpest: An efficient rule-based expert system to prevent pest diseases of rice & wheat crops","authors":"Kaliuday Balleda","doi":"10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103957","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103957","url":null,"abstract":"Agriculture is one of the major sources of income in developing countries like India. Pests are one of the main sources for the degradation of quality and quantity of the major crops such as Rice and Wheat. The lack of knowledge about technical & scientific methods to prevent pest diseases is the main reason for less production of these commodities. This paper presents an architectural framework of an agriculture Expert System and describes the design and development of the rule based expert system for rice and wheat crop pest management. The designed system is intended for the diagnosis of diseases caused by pests in the rice & wheat plants respectively and it also facilitates different components including decision support module with interactive console base user interface for diagnosis on the basis of response(s) of the user made against the queries related to particular disease symptoms. This paper provides a new approach for knowledge representation in expert systems for agricultural domain. The Explanation block (EB) of the system provides the explanation for a particular decision taken by the system. Explanation block gives the clear view of logic followed by kernel of the expert system.","PeriodicalId":119329,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 8th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)","volume":"105 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114256384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103949
Shashank Shetty, Arun S. Devadiga, S. Chakkaravarthy, K. A. Varun Kumar
The goal of this paper is to provide a new method to detect and recognize the text from the video frames. The task performed is divided into three step approach that combines the text detection and text recognition from the video frame. The video frame creation involves in dividing the video into an individual frames. The individual frame is grabbed and passed to the rest two phases. The text detection is a two-step approach, which involves text localization phase and the text verification phase. The text recognition involves in text verification phase and the optical character recognition phase. The final outcome of this paper is the detection of the text from the video frames in a word file. Experimental results demonstrating the proposed approach was also included, which shows the accuracy level of Optical character recognition(OCR) in terms of text extraction.
{"title":"Ote-OCR based text recognition and extraction from video frames","authors":"Shashank Shetty, Arun S. Devadiga, S. Chakkaravarthy, K. A. Varun Kumar","doi":"10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103949","url":null,"abstract":"The goal of this paper is to provide a new method to detect and recognize the text from the video frames. The task performed is divided into three step approach that combines the text detection and text recognition from the video frame. The video frame creation involves in dividing the video into an individual frames. The individual frame is grabbed and passed to the rest two phases. The text detection is a two-step approach, which involves text localization phase and the text verification phase. The text recognition involves in text verification phase and the optical character recognition phase. The final outcome of this paper is the detection of the text from the video frames in a word file. Experimental results demonstrating the proposed approach was also included, which shows the accuracy level of Optical character recognition(OCR) in terms of text extraction.","PeriodicalId":119329,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 8th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117301356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103918
J. Murali, C. Kannan, P. Sathyabalan
In this investigation, the enhancement of natural convection heat transfer from a pin fin of length 145 mm and diameter of 19.875 mm is examined. An experimental set up has been prepared and experiments were carried out for ten different materials in natural convection mode. Then the same 10 materials were analyzed under the same heat loss conditions with black coat and then a comparative study was made between the coated fin and the uncoated fin. The comparison shows that there is a significant improvement in heat loss characteristics of pin fin made up of materials E8 E9 with black coat.
{"title":"Enhancement of natural convection heat transfer from a pin fin","authors":"J. Murali, C. Kannan, P. Sathyabalan","doi":"10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103918","url":null,"abstract":"In this investigation, the enhancement of natural convection heat transfer from a pin fin of length 145 mm and diameter of 19.875 mm is examined. An experimental set up has been prepared and experiments were carried out for ten different materials in natural convection mode. Then the same 10 materials were analyzed under the same heat loss conditions with black coat and then a comparative study was made between the coated fin and the uncoated fin. The comparison shows that there is a significant improvement in heat loss characteristics of pin fin made up of materials E8 E9 with black coat.","PeriodicalId":119329,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 8th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127963187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103952
T. Aarthi, E. Sowmiya, N. Sairam
Image enhancement techniques are used to alter the intensity value of an image in order to improve the visual quality. Many popular enhancement techniques fail to work in some applications due to background noise generated in the image. To address this problem, we propose a fuzzy enhancement technique. In this technique, the gray scale image is fuzzified and it is defuzzified after changing its membership values. Experimental results are shown for different gray scale images along with its performance.
{"title":"Enhancement of visual quality of an image using fuzzy logic","authors":"T. Aarthi, E. Sowmiya, N. Sairam","doi":"10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103952","url":null,"abstract":"Image enhancement techniques are used to alter the intensity value of an image in order to improve the visual quality. Many popular enhancement techniques fail to work in some applications due to background noise generated in the image. To address this problem, we propose a fuzzy enhancement technique. In this technique, the gray scale image is fuzzified and it is defuzzified after changing its membership values. Experimental results are shown for different gray scale images along with its performance.","PeriodicalId":119329,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 8th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121382282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103915
M. R. Raju Bahubalendruni, B. B. Biswal
Selection of optimized assembly sequence from the available feasible assembly sequences is significantly essential to achieve cost effective manufacturing process. To achieve this, at the outset generation of feasible assembly sequences with topological, geometrical, precedence and stability constraints should be prepared. The increase of part count in a product results huge number of assembly sequences. The Liaison matrix/Liaison graph generated based on the connections between the assembly components eliminates non possible assembly sequences. In this paper, automatic extraction of liaison matrix extraction from CATIA and elimination of non-feasible assembly sequences is illustrated.
{"title":"Computer aid for automatic liaisons extraction from cad based robotic assembly","authors":"M. R. Raju Bahubalendruni, B. B. Biswal","doi":"10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCO.2014.7103915","url":null,"abstract":"Selection of optimized assembly sequence from the available feasible assembly sequences is significantly essential to achieve cost effective manufacturing process. To achieve this, at the outset generation of feasible assembly sequences with topological, geometrical, precedence and stability constraints should be prepared. The increase of part count in a product results huge number of assembly sequences. The Liaison matrix/Liaison graph generated based on the connections between the assembly components eliminates non possible assembly sequences. In this paper, automatic extraction of liaison matrix extraction from CATIA and elimination of non-feasible assembly sequences is illustrated.","PeriodicalId":119329,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE 8th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126204732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：