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Manda Etinin Bazı Kalite Parametrelerinin Belirlenmesi 测定水牛肉的一些质量参数
Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.33462/jotaf.1233124
Birce BARAN, İsmail YILMAZ, Umit GEÇGEL
The buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is a cattle that plays an important role in the lives of millions of people in many ways such as milk, meat, cargo, transport, transportation and farm manure in India and other Asian countries. Disease resistance, adaptability to various climatic conditions, better digestible meat of low quality grass-fed, faster growth, and weight gain are essential for buffalo breeders. Buffalo meat is similar to cattle meat in terms of meat composition, quality and sensory characteristics. It has some nutritional advantages such as containing less fat and calories. As a matter of fact, studies on the meat of some other animals such as sheep, lamb and beef, which are among the sources of red meat today, have increased recently. Consumers' interest in buffalo meat is increasing day by day in terms of both the high nutritional value of meat quality and the creation of a new red meat source. In this study, the physicochemical properties of buffalo meats were determined. For this purpose, 20 different Anatolian water buffaloes (7 male and 13 female) grown in the borders of Istanbul/Catalca district were used. The samples were taken from the Musculus longissimus dorsi (MLD) part of the animals for the analysis of buffalo meats. Color (L*-brightness, a*-red and green, b*-yellow and blue), moisture content, protein content, fat content, ash content, pH and water activity (aw) of buffalo meat samples were determined. In addition, the fatty acid composition of buffalo meats was determined. The average ash, pH, water activity, moisture, protein and fat ratios of buffalo meats were determined as 2.64%, 5.71, 0.99, 65.60%, 22.28% and 8.65%, respectively. L*, a* and b* values were determined as 42.66, 21.66 and 19.61, respectively. The major fatty acids of buffalo meats were C18:0 (stearic acid) while C18:3 (linolenic acid) was the least abundant fatty acid. The results of this studies suggested that buffalo meat could be considered as a good source of red meat.
水牛(Bubalus bubalis)是一种在印度和其他亚洲国家数百万人的生活中扮演重要角色的牛,在许多方面,如牛奶、肉类、货物、运输、运输和农场粪便。抗病性、对各种气候条件的适应性、低质量草饲肉的更好消化、更快的生长和体重增加对水牛饲养者来说是必不可少的。水牛肉在肉的成分、品质和感官特征上与牛肉相似。它有一些营养优势,如含有较少的脂肪和卡路里。事实上,对其他一些动物的肉,如绵羊、羊肉和牛肉的研究最近有所增加,这些动物是今天红肉的来源之一。消费者对水牛肉的兴趣日益增加,因为水牛肉营养价值高,肉质好,而且是一种新的红肉来源。本研究对水牛肉的理化性质进行了测定。为此,使用了伊斯坦布尔/Catalca地区边界生长的20头不同的安纳托利亚水牛(7公13母)。样品取自动物的背最长肌(MLD)部分,用于分析水牛肉。测定了水牛肉样品的颜色(L*-亮度,a*-红色和绿色,b*-黄色和蓝色)、水分含量、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、灰分含量、pH和水活度(aw)。此外,测定了水牛肉的脂肪酸组成。水牛肉的平均灰分比、pH比、水活度比、水分比、蛋白质比和脂肪比分别为2.64%、5.71、0.99、65.60%、22.28%和8.65%。L*、a*、b*值分别为42.66、21.66、19.61。水牛肉的脂肪酸含量以硬脂酸(C18:0)为主,亚麻酸(C18:3)含量最少。这项研究的结果表明,水牛肉可以被认为是红肉的良好来源。
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引用次数: 0
Determination of the Weed Species, Density and Frequency in Bean Fields in Bayburt Province Bayburt省豆田杂草种类、密度和发生频率的测定
Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.33462/jotaf.1116357
Osman TÜRKER, İrfan ÇORUH
Bu çalışma Bayburt İli fasulye ekim alanlarındaki yabancı otların tespiti, yoğunlukları ve rastlama sıklıkları durumlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla 2020 yılında Bayburt Merkez, Aydıntepe ve Demirözü ilçelerinde yürütülmüştür. Çalışma yapılacak alanın çevresindeki ürün deseni göz önüne alınarak, farklı ürün desenlerinin bulunduğu bölgelerde çalışmalar alanın iç kesimlerinde 1 m²’lik çerçeveler kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Çerçeve içerisine denk gelen her bir yabancı ot için sayımlar yapılmıştır. Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda 1 tek çenekli (Monocotyledoneae) ve 15 çift çenekli (Dicotyledoneae) olmak üzere 16 familyaya ait 26 cinse mensup 26 yabancı ot türü belirlenmiştir. Bu yabancı otların yoğunluklarının 0.02 ile 5.29 bitki m-2 arasında değiştiği ve ortalama yoğunluğun ise 18.98 bitki m-2 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bayburt il bazında yapılan sürvey çalışmaları sonucu ortalama yoğunluk ve rastlama sıklığı bakımından en fazla türler sırasıyla Elymus repens (L.) Gould (5.29 bitki m-2; %68.46), Amaranthus retroflexus L. (4.50 bitki m-2; %66.65), Convolvulus arvensis L. (3.16 bitki m-2; %62.92), Chenopodium album L. (0.87 bitki m-2; %31.86) ve Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. (0.82 bitki m-2; %31.79) olup en az türler ise sırasıyla Setaria viridis (L.) P. Beauv. (0.07 bitki m-2; %5.67), Ranunculus arvensis L. (0.07 bitki m-2; %4.76), Chondrilla juncea L. (0.07 bitki m-2; %3.89), Vicia cracca L. (0.06 bitki m-2; %5.56), Boreava orientalis Jaub. and Spach (0.04 bitki m-2; %3.43) ve Isatis glauca Aucher ex Boiss. (0.02 bitki m-2; %1.54) olarak belirlenmiştir. Bayburt ili fasulye tarlalarında, birim alandan elde edilecek verimin artırılması için özellikle Elymus repens (L.) Gould, Amaranthus retroflexus L. ve Convolvulus arvensis L. gibi yabancı otlarla mücadele yapılması gerekmektedir. Bunun için yöreye adapte olmuş fasulye çeşitlerine önem verilmelidir.
这项研究于 2020 年在巴伊布尔特中央区、艾登特佩区和德米罗兹区进行,目的是确定巴伊布尔特省豆类种植区的杂草及其密度和发生频率。考虑到研究区域周围的作物模式,在不同作物模式区域的内部使用 1 m² 的框架进行了研究。对框内的每种杂草进行了计数。研究结果表明,这些杂草隶属于 16 科 26 属 26 种,其中 1 种为单子叶植物(单子叶植物纲),15 种为双子叶植物(双子叶植物纲)。这些杂草的密度介于 0.02 至 5.29 株 m-2 之间,平均密度为 18.98 株 m-2。在巴伊布尔特省进行的调查结果显示,Elymus repens (L.) Gould(5.29 株 m-2;68.46%)、Amaranthus retroflexus L. (4.50 株 m-2;66.65%)、Convolvulus arvensis L. (3.16 株 m-2;62.92%)、Chenopodium album L. (0.87 株 m-2;31.86%)和 Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.(0.07 plants m-2; 5.67%), Ranunculus arvensis L. (0.07 plants m-2; 4.76%), Chondrilla juncea L. (0.07 plants m-2; 3.89%), Vicia cracca L. (0.06 plant m-2; 5.56%), Boreava orientalis Jaub. and Spach (0.04 plant m-2; 3.43%) and Isatis glauca Aucher ex Boiss. (0.02 plant m-2; 1.54%).为了提高巴伊布尔特省豆田的单位面积产量,应控制杂草,如 Elymus repens (L.) Gould、Amaranthus retroflexus L.和 Convolvulus arvensis L.。为此,应重视适应该地区的豆类品种。
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引用次数: 0
Pattern of Agricultural Progress in India’s North-East and the Contributing Factors: An Econometric Analysis 印度东北部农业发展模式及其影响因素:计量经济学分析
Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.33462/jotaf.1114386
Utpal KUMAR DE, Ratna TAMANG
Despite being blessed with rich agro-climatic conditions, the largest agrarian state in India’s North-East, Assam recorded relatively poor agricultural growth, since independence. The question of agricultural performance in terms of use of factors and growth pattern always arise that seems to vary in different stages of policy shift. Agricultural diversity increased in the initial phase with the expansion of agricultural area but slowed down in the later stages. However, the nature of agricultural diversity and use of resources including land allocations reflects the adaptation of farming community, absorption of labour force and sustainability of earning of farmers. The objectives are to analyze: i) the pattern of agricultural growth, diversity; ii) relative contribution of crop diversification, yield and area towards output growth in the pre-Green Revolution, Green Revolution and Post-Reform period; iii) association of various factors with crop yields in the short run and the adjustment process in the long run. Using secondary data, semi-log linear and spline regression functions we examined the growth and stationarity of growth processes is checked by ADF test. Times series analyses like cointegration and ARDL bound testing approach has been followed to examine the relation of various factors with yield of various crops in the short and long run. The ECM also provides the process of adjustment and CUSUM(Q) test is used for checking fitness of the models. Changes in diversity are analyzed through Herfindahl Index and the additive decomposition technique is employed to examine changing contribution of growth of yield, area and cropping pattern and their interactions. The result reveals varied impacts of main weather variable (rainfall), technological factors and cropping intensity on the yields of crops in different phases since 1950-51. Area effect on output and cropping pattern growth though declined, yield growth contributed increasingly in successive sub-periods in Assam. However, the contribution of modern technology towards the growth has not been uniform in the three major stages of agricultural transformation in Assam.
阿萨姆邦是印度东北部最大的农业邦,尽管拥有丰富的农业气候条件,但自独立以来农业增长相对较差。农业绩效在要素利用和增长模式方面的问题总是出现,在政策转变的不同阶段似乎有所不同。随着农业面积的扩大,农业多样性在初期呈上升趋势,但在后期呈下降趋势。然而,农业多样性的性质和包括土地分配在内的资源利用反映了农业社区的适应性、劳动力的吸收和农民收入的可持续性。目的是分析:(1)农业增长格局、多样性;ii)在绿色革命前、绿色革命前和改革后时期,作物多样化、产量和面积对产量增长的相对贡献;Iii)短期内各种因素与作物产量的关系以及长期的调整过程。利用二次数据、半对数线性和样条回归函数检验了生长过程的平稳性,并通过ADF检验检验了生长过程的平稳性。采用协整和ARDL结合检验等时间序列分析方法,考察各因素与各种作物短期和长期产量的关系。ECM还提供了调整过程,并使用CUSUM(Q)检验来检验模型的适应度。利用Herfindahl指数分析多样性的变化,采用加性分解技术考察产量、面积和种植方式生长的变化贡献及其相互作用。结果表明,1950—1951年以来,主要天气变量(降雨)、技术因素和种植强度对不同时期作物产量的影响是不同的。在阿萨姆邦,面积对产量和种植模式增长的影响虽然有所下降,但产量增长在连续的子期中贡献越来越大。然而,在阿萨姆邦农业转型的三个主要阶段,现代技术对增长的贡献并不一致。
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引用次数: 0
Farklı Zamanlarda Ekilen İtalyan Çimi (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) ve Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc) Trotter) Bitkilerinin Ot Verimi ve Kalitesinin Belirlenmesi 不同时间播种的意大利黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum Lam.确定垃圾产量和作物质量
Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.33462/jotaf.1255365
Betül ACAR, Abdullah ÖZKÖSE
Bu çalışmada mevcutta ekimi yapılan İtalyan çimi ile yeni bir bitki olan tef bitkisinin farklı zamanlarda ekimlerine göre verim ve kalitelerinin kıyaslanması, özellikle sıcak yaz döneminde gelişimi yavaşlayan İtalyan çimi yerine tef bitkisinin kullanılabilme potansiyeli araştırılmıştır. Bu çalışma Konya koşullarında yazlık olarak farklı zamanlarda ekilen tef ve İtalyan çiminin ot verim ve kalitesinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2020 yılında yapılmıştır. Deneme tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 3 tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Çalışmada iki İtalyan çimi çeşidi ve iki tef bitkisi çeşidi üç farklı zamanda (1 Mayıs, 1 Haziran ve 1 Temmuz) ekilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda, tef bitkisinde bitki boyu 75.4 – 84.6 cm, sap kalınlığı 1.70 – 2.15 mm, yeşil ot verimi 5152.2 – 7555.8 kg da–1, kuru ot verimi 1458.6 – 2390.70 kg da–1, kuru madde oranı %25.98 – 32.14, kuru madde verimi 1335.0 – 2176.2 kg da–1, ham protein oranı %6.12 – 8.55, ham protein verimi 108.3 – 149.7 kg da–1 arasında; İtalyan çiminde bitki boyu 35.9 – 88.9 cm, sap kalınlığı 2.44 – 3.73 mm, yeşil ot verimi 739.2 – 4604.2 kg da–1, kuru ot verimi 243.3 – 1040.9 kg da–1, kuru madde oranı %14.73–30.13, kuru madde verimi 221.4–952.6 kg da–1, ham protein oranı %9.45 – 11.19 ve ham protein verimi 20.9 – 102.3 kg da–1 arasında bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda; Orta Anadolu koşullarında yazlık ekim tarihlerinde, sıcak iklim bitkisi olan tef yeşil ot, kuru ot, kuru madde ve ham protein açısından İtalyan çiminden daha fazla verim vermiştir. İtalyan çimi çeşitlerinin ham protein oranları ise tef çeşitlerinin ham protein oranlarından daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Serin iklim bitkisi olan ve çalışmada kullanılan İtalyan çimi çeşitleri için ise yazlık ekimlerin uygun olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Tef bitkisi Orta Anadolu koşullarında ekimden 55-65 gün içerisinde ot için biçim olgunluğuna gelmiştir. Tef bitkisi Orta Anadolu koşullarında ikinci ürün olarak 1 Temmuz’da ekildiğinde bile iki kez biçilebilmekte ve iyi bir verim verebilmektedir. Daha fazla tef çeşidi ile benzer çalışmaların yapılması uygun olacaktır.
本研究比较了目前播种的意大利黑麦草和一种新植物特夫草在不同时间播种的产量和质量,以及使用特夫草替代意大利黑麦草的潜力,因为意大利黑麦草在炎热的夏季生长发育尤其缓慢。本研究于 2020 年进行,旨在确定在科尼亚条件下不同时间播种的特夫草和意大利黑麦草作为夏季作物的牧草产量和质量。实验采用随机区组实验设计,3 次重复。在三个不同时间(5 月 1 日、6 月 1 日和 7 月 1 日)播种了两个意大利黑麦草品种和两个特夫植物品种。研究结果表明,tef 植物株高 75.4 - 84.6 厘米,茎粗 1.70 - 2.15 毫米,青草产量 5152.2 - 7555.8 千克/公顷,干草产量 1458.6 - 2390.70 千克/公顷,干物质率 25.98 - 32.14%,干物质产量 1335.0 - 2176.2 千克/公顷,粗蛋白率 6.12 - 8.55%,粗蛋白产量 108.3 - 149.7 千克/公顷;株高 35.4 - 84.6 厘米,茎粗 1.70 - 2.15 毫米。株高 35.9 - 88.9 厘米,茎粗 2.44 - 3.73 毫米,青草产量 739.2 - 4604.2 千克/公顷,干草产量 243.3 - 1040.9 千克/公顷,干物质率 14.73 - 30.13%,干物质产量 221.4 - 952.6 千克/公顷,粗蛋白率 9.45 - 11.19%,粗蛋白产量 20.9 - 102.3 千克/公顷。研究结果表明,在安纳托利亚中部条件下的夏季播种期,属于温暖气候植物的特夫在绿草、干草、干物质和粗蛋白方面的产量均高于意大利黑麦草。意大利黑麦草品种的粗蛋白比率高于特夫草品种的粗蛋白比率。研究结果表明,夏季播种不适合意大利黑麦草品种,因为它们属于凉爽气候植物。在安纳托利亚中部地区的条件下,tef 植物在播种后 55-65 天内达到刈割成熟。在安纳托利亚中部地区,即使在 7 月 1 日作为第二茬播种,tef 也可以刈割两次,而且产量很高。最好对更多的柚木品种进行类似研究。
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引用次数: 0
Return and Volatility Connectedness in Electronic Warehouse Receipt Market of Turkey 土耳其电子仓单市场的收益与波动连通性
Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.33462/jotaf.1010506
Türker AÇIKGÖZ
Over the course of the last century, globalization and integration have increased significantly around the world. The rise in economic and financial globalization and integration has increased the connectedness between national economies and financial markets and secured an important place in the systemic risk spillover. It is important to analyze the issue in terms of different markets. Food prices around the world have increased significantly over the last 20 years. The price and volatility increase associated with food products lead to important socioeconomic and social problems. In this context, it will be important for decision-makers to assess the issue from the perspective of financial markets and to understand and reveal the dynamic structure of food commodity markets. This study aims to examine the connectedness of return and volatility in the Electronic Warehouse Receipt (EWR) market, where agricultural commodities are traded in Turkey, and to analyze its dynamic structure that changes over time. In this study, the Diebold-Yilmaz connectedness measurement method based on the forecast error variance decomposition after the VAR (p) model was used to analyze the connectedness between financial assets. According to the results of the static analysis performed, it was observed that while the return connectedness in the EWR market is very low, the volatility connectedness is at a higher level than the return connectedness. Based on the results of the dynamic analysis, no trend was observed in return connectedness; however, rapid increases and decreases were observed for certain periods. On the other hand, while an increasing trend was observed in the dynamic analysis of volatility connectedness, sudden increases and decreases were observed during periods of crisis. Of all agricultural commodities, it was observed that barley was the asset that sent the most net shock into the system. The EWR market in Turkey has come up recently. The market's structure, dynamics, and synchronization with other markets are still at a low level. The spillover effect of return and volatility shocks in the market are also low. The findings of this study can be used by producers, financial market participants and various decision makers for risk management, hedging and profit maximization purposes.
在上个世纪,全球化和一体化在世界范围内显著增加。经济金融全球化和一体化的发展,加强了各国经济和金融市场之间的联系,并在系统性风险溢出中占有重要地位。从不同的市场角度来分析这个问题是很重要的。在过去的20年里,世界各地的食品价格大幅上涨。与食品相关的价格和波动性增加导致了重要的社会经济和社会问题。在此背景下,决策者必须从金融市场的角度评估这一问题,并了解和揭示粮食商品市场的动态结构。本研究旨在考察土耳其农产品交易的电子仓单(EWR)市场的回报和波动性之间的联系,并分析其随时间变化的动态结构。本研究采用VAR (p)模型后基于预测误差方差分解的Diebold-Yilmaz连通性度量方法对金融资产之间的连通性进行分析。根据静态分析的结果,我们可以观察到,虽然EWR市场的收益连通性很低,但波动性的连通性高于收益的连通性。动态分析结果表明,回归连通性没有变化趋势;然而,在某些时期观察到迅速增加和减少。另一方面,在波动连通性的动态分析中,虽然观察到增加趋势,但在危机期间观察到突然增加和减少。据观察,在所有农产品中,大麦是对系统造成净冲击最大的资产。土耳其的EWR市场最近出现了。市场的结构、动态、与其他市场的同步性还处于较低水平。收益冲击和波动冲击对市场的溢出效应也较低。本研究结果可供生产者、金融市场参与者和各种决策者用于风险管理、对冲和利润最大化目的。
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引用次数: 0
Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy)'nin morfolojik ve moleküler teşhisi üzerine araştırma Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy) 的形态和分子鉴定研究
Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.33462/jotaf.1286792
Esra TAYAT, Nihal ÖZDER
Aphids are one of the most important groups of insects that cause damage to agricultural crops, ornamental plants, as well as herbaceous and woody plants in their natural habitats. Aphids that feed on plant sap can cause significant crop losses worldwide, ranging from 70% to 80%, due to stunted growth, deformation, wilting, and other detrimental effects on plants. Despite the chemical, biological, and integrated pest management methods applied against these damages, aphids have rapidly expanded their distribution areas and their damages have been increasing in recent times. Hyalopterus Koch (Hemiptera: Aphididae), a genus of aphids, are known worldwide as pests that infest Prunus trees, which are stone fruit trees. They cause damage by feeding on the trees and also by transmitting plant viruses. Subsequently, improper and indiscriminate use of chemical control methods negatively impacts both human and environmental health. Accurate identification of aphids, especially in terms of invasive species, is crucial for early detection of their damages in the initial stages. The mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene is an effective gene region used in the identification of many economically important plant pests worldwide. In this study, a total of 50 individuals of Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy) were collected from three localities Şarköy (Ulaman, Bulgurlu, Gölcük, Cumhuriyet, Mürefte, Hoşköy, Gaziköy, Tepeköy, Palamut), Süleymanpaşa (Yüzüncüyıl, Altınova, Banarlı, Barboros, Bıyıkali, Çınarlı, Değirmenaltı, Ferhadanlı, Hürriyet, Karacakılavuz, Karaevli, Naip, Namık Kemal and Marmaraereğlisi (Bahçelievler, Cedit Ali Paşa, Dereağzı, Mustafa Kemal Paşa, Sultanköy, Türkmenli, Yakuplu and Yeniçiftlik) in Tekirdağ province. The species H11, H41, and H61, which were selected to represent three counties, were sequenced, and the molecular sequence results revealed that H. pruni, as morphologically described, showed 99% consistency at the molecular level.
蚜虫是危害农作物、观赏植物、草本和木本植物的重要昆虫之一。以植物汁液为食的蚜虫会造成全球70%至80%的作物损失,因为它们会阻碍植物生长、变形、枯萎和其他有害影响。尽管采用了化学、生物和综合虫害管理方法来防治这些危害,但近年来蚜虫的分布范围迅速扩大,危害程度不断增加。Hyalopterus Koch(半翅目:蚜虫科)是蚜虫的一个属,在世界范围内被认为是一种危害核果树李子的害虫。它们以树木为食并传播植物病毒,从而造成破坏。因此,不适当和不加区分地使用化学控制方法对人类和环境健康产生负面影响。准确识别蚜虫,特别是入侵蚜虫,对于早期发现其危害至关重要。线粒体细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I (cytochrome c oxidase亚基I, COI)基因是一个有效的基因区域,用于世界范围内许多重要的经济植物害虫的鉴定。在这项研究中,共计50个人Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffroy)收集从三个地方Şarkoy (Ulaman、Bulgurlu Golcuk, Cumhuriyet, Murefte,何鸿燊şkoy, Gazikoy, Tepekoy, Palamut), Suleymanpaş一(Yuzuncuyıl, Altı新星,Banarlı,Barboros, Bıyı卡莉,Cınarlı,Değirmenaltı,Ferhadanlı,Hurriyet, Karacakılavuz, Karaevli,简要,南kı凯末尔和Marmaraereğlisi (Bahcelievler,赛迪特铬镍钨阿里爸爸şDereağzı,穆斯塔法•凯末尔Paş,Sultankoy, Turkmenli,在泰克达尔省的雅库普和叶尼帕尔菲特利克。选取代表3个县的H11、H41和H61种进行了分子序列分析,结果表明,H. pruni在分子水平上具有99%的一致性。
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引用次数: 0
Development of a Temperature Controlled Microwave Dryer and Effect of Mushroom Drying on Energy and Quality Values 温控微波干燥机的研制及香菇干燥对能量和品质的影响
Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.33462/jotaf.1119197
Samet Kaya DURSUN, Burcu AKSÜT, Hakan POLATCI, Muhammed TAŞOVA
Mantar içerdiği %90 seviyelerindeki yüksek nemden dolayı hasat sonrası çabuk bozulabilen bir üründür. Meydana gelebilecek kimyasal, mikrobiyolojik ve enzimatik bozulmaları önlemek için ürün içerisindeki fazla nemin kurutularak uzaklaştırılması önemlidir. Kurutma işlemi üründeki fazla nemi ürünün kalite özelliklerini (fiziko-kimyasal, fitokimyasal vb.) kaybetmeden depo edilebilir bir nem değerine (%10-13) kadar düşürülmesi işlemidir. Bu çalışmada; geliştirilen sıcaklık kontrollü bir mikrodalga kurutucu kullanılarak 50±1,5°C, 60±2°C ve 70±2.5 °C sıcaklık değerlerinde kültür mantarı (şapkalı) kurutulmuştur. Kurutma işlemleri örneklerinin nem içeriği %92.85±0.29’den %10 nem seviyesine düşene kadar devam etmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında sıcaklık kontrollü mikrodalga yönteminin mantarın kuruma süresi, kuruma oranı, matematiksel modelleme, rehidrasyon kapasitesi, rehidrasyon oranı, renk, sertlik ve efektif difüzyon-aktivasyon enerji değerlerine olan etkisi araştırılmıştır. Bulgulara göre en kısa kuruma süresi 40 dakika ile 70 °C kurutma sıcaklığında belirlenirken en uzun kuruma süresi ise 210 dakika ile 50 °C kurutma sıcaklığında yapılan kurutma işlemlerinde belirlenmiştir. Taze mantarın renk değerlerini istatistiksel açıdan en iyi 50 ºC sıcaklıkta muhafaza ettiği tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek rehidrasyon kapasitesi 50 °C rehidre su banyosunda ve 70 °C sıcaklıkta kurutulan örneklerde belirlenmiştir. Sertlik özellikleri açısından incelendiğinde 70 °C sıcaklığın istatistiksel açıdan (P
蘑菇是一种收获后很快就会变质的产品,因为水分含量高达 90%。为了防止化学、微生物和酶变质,必须通过干燥去除产品中多余的水分。干燥是将产品中多余的水分降低到可储存水分值(10-13%)的过程,同时不会损失产品的质量特性(物理化学、植物化学等)。在这项研究中,使用开发的温控微波干燥器在 50±1.5°C、60±2°C 和 70±2.5°C 下对栽培蘑菇(带盖)进行干燥。干燥过程一直持续到样品的水分含量从 92.85±0.29% 降到 10% 的水分水平。研究了温控微波法对蘑菇干燥时间、干燥速率、数学模型、再水化能力、再水化速率、颜色、硬度和有效扩散活化能值的影响。结果表明,在 70 °C 干燥温度下,最短的干燥时间为 40 分钟;在 50 °C 干燥温度下,最长的干燥时间为 210 分钟。据统计,新鲜蘑菇的色值在 50 °C 时保存得最好。在 50 °C 复水水浴和 70 °C 下烘干的样品复水能力最高。在分析硬度特性时,发现 70 °C 的温度在统计学上(P
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引用次数: 0
Farklı Dikim Sıklıkları ve Hasat Zamanının Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldovya Ejderi)'nın Verim ve Kalitesine Etkileri 不同种植密度和收获时间对摩尔多瓦龙(Dracocephalum moldavica L.)产量和质量的影响
Pub Date : 2023-09-26 DOI: 10.33462/jotaf.1114621
Elif FERAHOĞLU, Tuncay ÇALIŞKAN, Saliha KIRICI
Dracocephalum moldavica L. (Moldovya ejderi) bitkisi birçok ülkede geleneksel tıpta mide rahatlatıcı, sindirim kolaylaştırıcı, yatıştırıcı olarak kullanımının yanı sıra kalp hastalıkları, damar tıkanıklıkları, tansiyon, migren, baş ve diş ağrısı tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Ülkemiz florasında Dracocephalum cinsine ait birçok tür bulunurken, D. moldavica türü doğal olarak yetişmemektedir. Bitkinin Türkiye‘de yetiştiriciliği üzerine çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bitki dikim sıklığı ve hasat zamanı bitki verim ve kalitesi üzerine önemli etkileri olan yetiştirme etmenlerindendir. Bu sebeplerle Dracocephalum moldavica (Moldovya ejderi) bitkisinde verim ve kalite özellikleri üzerine dikim sıklıklarının (40×25 cm ve 60×25 cm) ve hasat zamanlarının (çiçeklenme öncesi ve tam çiçeklenme) etkilerini araştırmak hedeflenmiştir. 2017 yılında yürütülen araştırma sonuçlarına göre dikim sıklığının etkisi dal sayısı, taze ve drog herba, drog yaprak verimi üzerinde, hasat zamanının etkisi; bitki boyu, taze herba, drog herba, drog yaprak verimi, uçucu yağ oranı üzerinde istatistiki olarak önemli; interaksiyonun etkisi ise incelenen özellikler üzerinde önemli bulunmamıştır. Araştırma sonucunda; bitki boyu değerleri: 57.91-63.08 cm, dal sayısı 8-12 adet/bitki, taze herba verimi 537.26-791.54 kg da-1, drog yaprak verimi 65.36-122.23 kg da-1, drog herba verimi 124.05-194.41 kg da-1, uçucu yağ oranı % 0.276-0.375 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Hasat zamanı bakımından incelen bütün özellikler tam çiçeklenme döneminde artış göstermiştir. Bitki boyu, taze herba, drog yaprak ve herba verimi en yüksek değerleri 40x25 dikim sıklığında elde edilmiştir. Uçucu yağ ana bileşenlerini geranil asetat (%53.635-54.723), gerenial (%16.229-17.396), neral (%11.729-12.661), geraniol (%5.780-6.623) toplamda %88.203-88.955 oranlarında oluşturmaktadır. Geranil asetat oranın yüksekliği bitkinin Çukurova koşullarında doğal bir geranil asetat kaynağı olarak kullanılabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Elde ettiğimiz veriler doğrultusunda Moldovya ejderi için en uygun hasat zamanı tam çiçeklenme dönemi, en uygun bitki dikim sıklığı ise 40×25 cm olarak tavsiye edilmektedir.
在许多国家的传统医学中,Dracocephalum moldavica L.(摩尔多瓦龙)被用作胃松弛剂、消化促进剂、镇静剂以及治疗心脏病、血管闭塞、血压、偏头痛、头痛和牙痛。虽然我国植物区系中有许多属于龙脑属的物种,但 D. moldavica 这一物种并不自然生长。土耳其没有关于种植这种植物的研究。种植频率和收获时间是对植物产量和质量有重要影响的栽培因素。因此,本研究旨在调查种植密度(40×25 厘米和 60×25厘米)和收获时间(开花前和盛花期)对摩尔多瓦龙(Dracocephalum moldavica)产量和质量特性的影响。根据 2017 年进行的研究结果,发现种植频率对分枝数、新鲜药材和烹饪药材、烹饪叶产量的影响,收获时间对株高、新鲜药材、烹饪药材、烹饪药材、烹饪叶产量和精油比率的影响具有统计学意义,而交互作用对所研究性状的影响不显著。研究结果表明:植株高度值为 57.91-63.08 厘米:57.91-63.08 厘米,分枝数 8-12 个/株,鲜草产量 537.26-791.54 千克/公斤,茎叶产量 65.36-122.23 千克/公斤,茎草产量 124.05-194.41 千克/公斤,精油比率 0.276-0.375 %。收获时间方面的所有性状分析表明,全花期增加。种植密度为 40x25 时,株高、新鲜药材、茎叶和药材产量的数值最高。精油的主要成分为乙酸香叶酯(53.635-54.723%)、香叶醇(16.229-17.396%)、萘(11.729-12.661%)、香叶醇(5.780-6.623%),总含量为 88.203-88.955%。乙酸香叶酯的高提取率表明,在 Çukurova 条件下,该植物可作为乙酸香叶酯的天然来源。根据我们获得的数据,摩尔多瓦龙最适宜的采收时间建议为盛花期,最适宜的种植密度建议为 40×25 厘米。
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引用次数: 0
Badem Pulpu İlavesinin Tarhananın Fiziksel, Kimyasal ve Fonksiyonel Özelliklerine Etkisi 添加杏仁浆对塔尔哈纳物理、化学和功能特性的影响
Pub Date : 2023-04-02 DOI: 10.33462/jotaf.1200426
Ezgi ŞENSOY, Zekai TARAKÇI
In this study, almond pulp was added to tarhana to increase its nutritional value. For this purpose, after grinding the almonds, the oil was reduced and almond pulp was added to the tarhana mix at the rates of 0% (control), 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%. According to the research data, pH and titration acidity values of tarhana increased significantly with the increase of almond pulp addition (p
在本研究中,将杏仁果肉添加到tarhana中以增加其营养价值。为此,在磨碎杏仁后,将油还原,杏仁浆以0%(对照)、5%、10%、15%、20%、25%和30%的比例加入到tarhana混合物中。研究数据表明,随着杏仁浆添加量的增加,雪莲花的pH值和滴定酸度值显著增加(p
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引用次数: 1
The Effect of Different Fertilization Frequency on Some Nutrient Content of Palm Plant Grown in Peat Swamp 不同施肥频率对泥炭沼泽棕榈部分养分含量的影响
Pub Date : 2023-03-25 DOI: 10.33462/jotaf.1149780
Githa NOVİANA, Fani ARDİANİ, Idum Satia SANTİ, Hartono HARTONO
The lack of suitable land (S1) for oil palm plantations is the reason for the current use of marginal land (S3) in oil palm plantations, both for companies and smallholders. Peat swampland has good potential if the care and fertilization of plants is carried out according to the standards according to the conditions of the land. Peat swampland has high acidity, and land conditions are often flooded. Application of fertilizer in a timely manner and the right dose is one of the keys to the success of oil palm plantations. This study aimed to determine the effect of the frequency of fertilizer application on the nutrient content of oil palm leaves. There were three fertilization treatments, namely 1) 0.6 kg/tree was applied once a month, 2) 1.8 kg/tree was applied once per three months, and 3.6 kg/tree was applied once per six months. Data were analyzed using a completely randomized design. The results showed that the frequency of fertilization significantly affected the nutritional content of oil palm leaves. The average nutrient content of fertilization with a frequency of six months has the lowest nutrition compared to other frequencies. The best frequency of fertilization is 0.6 kg/tree, which is applied every month. Fertilization on peatlands that is carried out regularly and in a balanced dose is more important than the application of high doses of fertilizer with a long frequency of fertilization. This is related to palm oil feeding root distribution, which is limited to a swamp depth of 0-60 cm.
油棕种植园缺乏合适的土地(S1)是目前油棕种植园使用边际土地(S3)的原因,无论是公司还是小农。如果根据土地条件,按标准进行植物的照料和施肥,泥炭沼泽具有良好的潜力。泥炭沼泽具有高酸度,土地条件经常被淹没。施肥及时、用量合适是油棕种植成功的关键之一。本研究旨在确定施肥频率对油棕叶片养分含量的影响。3种施肥处理分别为:1)0.6 kg/棵每月一次、2)1.8 kg/棵每3个月一次、3.6 kg/棵每6个月一次。数据分析采用完全随机设计。结果表明,施肥频率对油棕叶片的营养成分有显著影响。与其他频率相比,6个月频率施肥的平均养分含量最低。最佳施肥频率为0.6 kg/株,每月施一次。在泥炭地上定期、均衡地施肥比施用高剂量、长时间施肥更为重要。这与棕榈油取食根分布有关,仅限沼泽深度0-60 cm。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty
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