Enerji ekonomistlerine göre ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmanın temelinde enerji faktörü yatmaktadır. Bu yaklaşımda enerji tüm mal ve hizmetlerin üretimi sürecinde olmazsa olmaz bir üretim faktörü olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ayrıca kalkınmanın başlangıcında tarımsal faaliyetlerin ön planda olduğu, tarımdan sanayiye sanayi sektöründen de hizmet sektörüne doğru bir yapısal dönüşümün gerçekleştiği bilinmektedir. Bununla birlikte gerek son yıllarda dünya ekonomisinde yaşanan gelişmeler gerekse tarım sektörünün ülkede kilit fonksiyonlar görmesi nedeniyle pek çok ülke bu sektörün gelişimine özel bir önem atfetmektedir. Tarım sektörünün gelişim göstermesi bu sektör tarafından kullanılan enerji miktarının da artırılması ihtiyacını gündeme getirmektedir. Enerji maliyetlerinin günden güne artış göstermesi tarım sektörünü zora sokmakla birlikte artan enerji tüketiminin ülkenin ekonomik büyümesini nasıl etkileyeceği bir araştırma konusu olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Enerji tüketimi-ekonomik büyüme ilişkisini araştıran literatür bu konuyu sektörel bazda nadiren ele almaktadır. Bu bağlamda; tarım sektöründeki enerji tüketiminin ekonomik büyümeyi etkileyip etkileyemeyeceği önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma tarımsal enerji tüketimi-ekonomik büyüme ilişkisini Türkiye ekonomisi için 1990-2018 döneminde araştırmayı amaçlar. Değişkenlerin durağanlık analizi için kullanılan ADF ve PP birim kök testi sonuçları değişkenlerin birinci farkında durağan hale geldiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönem ilişkisi yeni nesil testlerden biri olan Hatemi J-Irandoust saklı eşbütünleşme testi kullanılarak araştırılmaktadır. Değişkenlerin katsayıları ve nedensellik ilişkisi sırasıyla FMOLS tekniği ve saklı hata düzeltme modeli ile incelenmektedir. Bulgular tarımsal enerji tüketimi + bileşeni ile ekonomik büyüme + bileşeni arasında bir eşbütünleşmenin varlığını göstermektedir. Bulgular aynı zamanda tarımsal enerji tüketimi + bileşeni ile ekonomik büyüme + bileşeni arasında pozitif bir ilişkinin varlığını işaret etmektedir. Son olarak ekonomik büyüme + bileşeninden tarımsal enerji tüketimi + bileşenine doğru işleyen tek yönlü bir nedensellik söz konusudur. Bu sonuçlar, Türkiye’nin ekonomik büyümesinde tarımsal enerji tüketiminin etki sahibi olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma, Türkiye ekonomisinin büyümesi için tarım sektörü ile ilişkili bazı politika tavsiyeleri sunabilmektedir.
{"title":"Türkiye Ekonomisinde Tarımsal Enerji Tüketimi-Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Bir Saklı Eşbütünleşme Analizi","authors":"Servet KAPÇAK, Murat ÇETİN, Aycan CAN","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1175169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1175169","url":null,"abstract":"Enerji ekonomistlerine göre ekonomik büyüme ve kalkınmanın temelinde enerji faktörü yatmaktadır. Bu yaklaşımda enerji tüm mal ve hizmetlerin üretimi sürecinde olmazsa olmaz bir üretim faktörü olarak kabul edilmektedir. Ayrıca kalkınmanın başlangıcında tarımsal faaliyetlerin ön planda olduğu, tarımdan sanayiye sanayi sektöründen de hizmet sektörüne doğru bir yapısal dönüşümün gerçekleştiği bilinmektedir. Bununla birlikte gerek son yıllarda dünya ekonomisinde yaşanan gelişmeler gerekse tarım sektörünün ülkede kilit fonksiyonlar görmesi nedeniyle pek çok ülke bu sektörün gelişimine özel bir önem atfetmektedir. Tarım sektörünün gelişim göstermesi bu sektör tarafından kullanılan enerji miktarının da artırılması ihtiyacını gündeme getirmektedir. Enerji maliyetlerinin günden güne artış göstermesi tarım sektörünü zora sokmakla birlikte artan enerji tüketiminin ülkenin ekonomik büyümesini nasıl etkileyeceği bir araştırma konusu olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Enerji tüketimi-ekonomik büyüme ilişkisini araştıran literatür bu konuyu sektörel bazda nadiren ele almaktadır. Bu bağlamda; tarım sektöründeki enerji tüketiminin ekonomik büyümeyi etkileyip etkileyemeyeceği önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışma tarımsal enerji tüketimi-ekonomik büyüme ilişkisini Türkiye ekonomisi için 1990-2018 döneminde araştırmayı amaçlar. Değişkenlerin durağanlık analizi için kullanılan ADF ve PP birim kök testi sonuçları değişkenlerin birinci farkında durağan hale geldiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Değişkenler arasındaki uzun dönem ilişkisi yeni nesil testlerden biri olan Hatemi J-Irandoust saklı eşbütünleşme testi kullanılarak araştırılmaktadır. Değişkenlerin katsayıları ve nedensellik ilişkisi sırasıyla FMOLS tekniği ve saklı hata düzeltme modeli ile incelenmektedir. Bulgular tarımsal enerji tüketimi + bileşeni ile ekonomik büyüme + bileşeni arasında bir eşbütünleşmenin varlığını göstermektedir. Bulgular aynı zamanda tarımsal enerji tüketimi + bileşeni ile ekonomik büyüme + bileşeni arasında pozitif bir ilişkinin varlığını işaret etmektedir. Son olarak ekonomik büyüme + bileşeninden tarımsal enerji tüketimi + bileşenine doğru işleyen tek yönlü bir nedensellik söz konusudur. Bu sonuçlar, Türkiye’nin ekonomik büyümesinde tarımsal enerji tüketiminin etki sahibi olduğunu göstermektedir. Çalışma, Türkiye ekonomisinin büyümesi için tarım sektörü ile ilişkili bazı politika tavsiyeleri sunabilmektedir.","PeriodicalId":119547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134904061","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The quality of agricultural crops is influenced by growing conditions and post-harvest processes, including drying. Moreover, the total phenolic and total antioxidant content in the product's structure and composition can be either positively or negatively affected by the heat treatments applied during drying. Additionally, the specific growing conditions and methods of water removal can lead to the development of distinct drying characteristics. There was no study comparing the drying kinetics and quality parameters of organic (OBC) and conventional (CBC) black carrot in the literature studies. In this study were aimed that mathematically modelling the drying kinetics for OBC and CBC with IMW (150, 300, 450 W) and HA (60, 70, 80°C), determining their differences and evaluating the effects of methods on quality properties. The results showed that L* and ΔE values of the final products increased significantly by increasing the power and temperature levels applied during drying and the powder samples were lighter in color compared to the fresh samples. The total phenolic and total antioxidant capacity values were higher in fresh OBC samples compared to the conventional variety. This result shows that OBC is superior to the CBC in terms of higher total phenolic and total antioxidant content. The activation energy (Ea) values of OBC and CBC dried by IMW and HA were calculated as 8.41x10-3; 8.40x10-3 Wg-1 and 25.50; 19.72 kJ mol-1, respectively. The Logistic and Verma were the best fit models for describing IMW and HA drying kinetics, respectively. The samples obtained with IMW drying, which resulted in a shorter drying time, were more effect in terms of preserving and increasing the total phenolic and antioxidant content compared to dried samples with HA. The results showed that that the temperature/power levels applied to the products during the drying process, thus the drying times and the methods of removing moisture from the product are effective in the preservation of the total phenolic components.
{"title":"Comparative Investigation of Drying and Quality Characteristics of Organic and Conventional Black Carrots Dried by Intermittent Microwave and Hot Air","authors":"Aysel ARSLAN, Yurtsever SOYSAL, Muharrem KESKİN","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1169657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1169657","url":null,"abstract":"The quality of agricultural crops is influenced by growing conditions and post-harvest processes, including drying. Moreover, the total phenolic and total antioxidant content in the product's structure and composition can be either positively or negatively affected by the heat treatments applied during drying. Additionally, the specific growing conditions and methods of water removal can lead to the development of distinct drying characteristics. There was no study comparing the drying kinetics and quality parameters of organic (OBC) and conventional (CBC) black carrot in the literature studies. In this study were aimed that mathematically modelling the drying kinetics for OBC and CBC with IMW (150, 300, 450 W) and HA (60, 70, 80°C), determining their differences and evaluating the effects of methods on quality properties. The results showed that L* and ΔE values of the final products increased significantly by increasing the power and temperature levels applied during drying and the powder samples were lighter in color compared to the fresh samples. The total phenolic and total antioxidant capacity values were higher in fresh OBC samples compared to the conventional variety. This result shows that OBC is superior to the CBC in terms of higher total phenolic and total antioxidant content. The activation energy (Ea) values of OBC and CBC dried by IMW and HA were calculated as 8.41x10-3; 8.40x10-3 Wg-1 and 25.50; 19.72 kJ mol-1, respectively. The Logistic and Verma were the best fit models for describing IMW and HA drying kinetics, respectively. The samples obtained with IMW drying, which resulted in a shorter drying time, were more effect in terms of preserving and increasing the total phenolic and antioxidant content compared to dried samples with HA. The results showed that that the temperature/power levels applied to the products during the drying process, thus the drying times and the methods of removing moisture from the product are effective in the preservation of the total phenolic components.","PeriodicalId":119547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty","volume":"162 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134904063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Today, 29 subspecies have been defined, each of which is adapted to a certain set of environmental characteristics, spreading all over the world except Antarctica. Many morphological and morphometric features have been used to classify honey bees from the past to the present. It has been reported that features such as length, angle and indices coming from the front wings are very efficient for classification. In recent studies, various programs have been developed and automatic classification has been attempted through the images of bee wings. This study aimed to determine the naturally occurring honey bee biodiversity in Turkiye by measuring 7 areas (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7) on the right front wing. For this purpose, a total of 3392 worker bee samples were collected from 143 colonies in 19 provinces of Turkiye. The photographs of the prepared preparations were taken at 1X magnification with the BAB camera system connected to the BAB STR45 stereozoom microscope. The measurements of 7 areas on the right front wings of honey bee populations distributed in Turkiye were made automatically in the BAB Bs200ProP program. Colony averages of the raw data of the area measurements of each province were taken and the results were evaluated with Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) in the SPSS.15 package program. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied to separate the groups to determine the variation within and between groups. As a result of this study, the minimum total area was seen in Van at 4.51 and the maximum total area was seen in Ardahan at 5.76. The average size of the measured areas decreased from the north-east to the south of Turkiye. Area measurements on the forewing were found to be a marker for distinguishing Anatolian (A. m. anatoliaca) and Caucasian (A. m. caucasica) honey bees.
今天，已经定义了29个亚种，每个亚种都适应了一定的环境特征，分布在除南极洲以外的世界各地。从过去到现在，许多形态学和形态计量学特征被用来对蜜蜂进行分类。据报道，来自前翼的长度、角度和指数等特征对分类非常有效。在最近的研究中，已经开发了各种程序，并尝试通过蜜蜂翅膀的图像进行自动分类。本研究通过测量右侧前翼A1、A2、A3、A4、A5、A6、A7 7个区域，确定土耳其天然蜜蜂的生物多样性。为此，在土耳其19个省的143个蜂群共采集了3392只工蜂样本。用连接到BAB STR45立体变焦显微镜的BAB相机系统以1倍放大率拍摄所制备的制剂的照片。在BAB Bs200ProP程序中对分布在土耳其的蜜蜂种群右前翅的7个区域进行了自动测量。对各省面积测量的原始数据取群体平均值，并用SPSS.15软件包中的判别函数分析(Discriminant Function Analysis, DFA)对结果进行评价。采用多变量方差分析(Multivariate analysis of variance, MANOVA)进行组间分离，以确定组内和组间的变异。研究结果表明，Van的总面积最小，为4.51,Ardahan的总面积最大，为5.76。测量区域的平均面积从土耳其东北部到南部逐渐减小。前翅的面积测量被发现是区分安纳托利亚蜜蜂和高加索蜜蜂的标志。
{"title":"Türkiye'de Bal Arısı (Apis mellifera L.) Populasyonlarının Ayırt Edilmesi İçin Yeni Morfometrik Yaklaşım","authors":"Meral KEKEÇOĞLU, Songül BİR, Merve KAMBUR","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1213163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1213163","url":null,"abstract":"Today, 29 subspecies have been defined, each of which is adapted to a certain set of environmental characteristics, spreading all over the world except Antarctica. Many morphological and morphometric features have been used to classify honey bees from the past to the present. It has been reported that features such as length, angle and indices coming from the front wings are very efficient for classification. In recent studies, various programs have been developed and automatic classification has been attempted through the images of bee wings. This study aimed to determine the naturally occurring honey bee biodiversity in Turkiye by measuring 7 areas (A1, A2, A3, A4, A5, A6, A7) on the right front wing. For this purpose, a total of 3392 worker bee samples were collected from 143 colonies in 19 provinces of Turkiye. The photographs of the prepared preparations were taken at 1X magnification with the BAB camera system connected to the BAB STR45 stereozoom microscope. The measurements of 7 areas on the right front wings of honey bee populations distributed in Turkiye were made automatically in the BAB Bs200ProP program. Colony averages of the raw data of the area measurements of each province were taken and the results were evaluated with Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) in the SPSS.15 package program. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was applied to separate the groups to determine the variation within and between groups. As a result of this study, the minimum total area was seen in Van at 4.51 and the maximum total area was seen in Ardahan at 5.76. The average size of the measured areas decreased from the north-east to the south of Turkiye. Area measurements on the forewing were found to be a marker for distinguishing Anatolian (A. m. anatoliaca) and Caucasian (A. m. caucasica) honey bees.","PeriodicalId":119547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134903931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is one of the major fruit crop with high socioeconomic importance for Turkey. In vineyards, many harmful organism, especially virus infections, weaken the plant and lead to decreases in yield and quality, so it takes the lead in quarantine and certification. This study was carried out to determine some viral agents that cause yield loss in vines produced in Tokat, where viticulture is very important. Samples were collected from young leaves and one-year-old shoots of grapevines showing virus symptoms from some vineyard areas in Tokat Center and its districts. Collected 189 grapevine samples were subjected to the RT-PCR test, which is a molecular method using virus-specific primers, to detect the presence of Grapevine pinot gris virus (GPGV), Grapevine virus A (GVA), Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV). Out of a total of 189 plant samples, 80 (42.32%) of GVA, 3 (1.58%) of GPGV were detected and SLRSV (0%) was not detected. More than one virus was found in 2 (1.05%) of 189 tested samples. It was determined that the most common virus was GVA, the least detected virus was GPGV in plant samples collected from Tokat Center and its districts. Bidirectional sequence analysis of RT-PCR products of GVA-infected isolates were performed and phylogenetic analyzes were done by comparing them with reference isolates after they were aligned with the MEGAX computer program. Based on phylogenetic analysis studies, GVA showed differential branching with isolates registered in GenBank and isolates obtained in the study. GVA-infected isolates showed similarity with reference isolates at rates of 92-94%. In this study, molecular analysis of Turkish GVA isolates was performed. This molecular information is important as it will shed light on future studies.
{"title":"Tokat İli Asma Alanında Bazı Asma Virüslerinin Moleküler Olarak Belirlenmesi ve Grapevine Virus A'nın Filogenetik Analizi","authors":"Burak GÜVENATEŞ, Şerife TOPKAYA","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1124089","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1124089","url":null,"abstract":"Grapevine (Vitis spp.) is one of the major fruit crop with high socioeconomic importance for Turkey. In vineyards, many harmful organism, especially virus infections, weaken the plant and lead to decreases in yield and quality, so it takes the lead in quarantine and certification. This study was carried out to determine some viral agents that cause yield loss in vines produced in Tokat, where viticulture is very important. Samples were collected from young leaves and one-year-old shoots of grapevines showing virus symptoms from some vineyard areas in Tokat Center and its districts. Collected 189 grapevine samples were subjected to the RT-PCR test, which is a molecular method using virus-specific primers, to detect the presence of Grapevine pinot gris virus (GPGV), Grapevine virus A (GVA), Strawberry latent ringspot virus (SLRSV). Out of a total of 189 plant samples, 80 (42.32%) of GVA, 3 (1.58%) of GPGV were detected and SLRSV (0%) was not detected. More than one virus was found in 2 (1.05%) of 189 tested samples. It was determined that the most common virus was GVA, the least detected virus was GPGV in plant samples collected from Tokat Center and its districts. Bidirectional sequence analysis of RT-PCR products of GVA-infected isolates were performed and phylogenetic analyzes were done by comparing them with reference isolates after they were aligned with the MEGAX computer program. Based on phylogenetic analysis studies, GVA showed differential branching with isolates registered in GenBank and isolates obtained in the study. GVA-infected isolates showed similarity with reference isolates at rates of 92-94%. In this study, molecular analysis of Turkish GVA isolates was performed. This molecular information is important as it will shed light on future studies.","PeriodicalId":119547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134904065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anatolia is one of the important production areas of garlic. Garlic production is conducted by using the head or the cloves inside the heads, which are actually the consumed part of the garlic, as propagation material. However, due to the use of cloves, which are the most valuable part of the market, as reproduction material, the profit is reduced by about 10%. The study aims to provide an alternative propagation material to reduce the losses resulting from this practice in local Kahramanmaraş garlic production. For this purpose, generating plantlets directly from stem discs of the garlic cloves in vitro and the effects of different growth regulators have been studied. For this, the plant growth regulators added to MS media as BAP (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg l-1), GA3 (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg l-1), 2-IP (0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 mg l-1); kinetin (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg l-1) and TDZ (0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 mg l-1) were tested. In the study number of explants, number of infected explants, number of healthy explants, number of developed explants, healthy explant rate, developed explant rate, number of callused explants, callus growth rate, number of proliferated explants, proliferation rate, proliferation number, number of rooted explants, rooting rate and number of roots were investigated. However, shoot ratios, shoot numbers, and callus formation were the main focus. The highest rates of proliferation were found in 2-IP (53.8%, 45.5%, and 40.0% at 1.00, 0.75, and 1.25 mg l-1 dosages, respectively) and Kinetin (35.3% at 2.00 mg l-1). The maximum shoot number was reached with 2-IP at the dose of 1.00 mg l-1 as 1.9 shoot/explants. Kinetin at 3.00 mg l-1 and 2IP at 1.25 mg l-1 were the other successful applications with 1.8 shoots. This study indicated promising results to obtain plantlets directly from the clove’s stem discs and including them into seedling production for the mass production of garlic.
{"title":"Kahramanmaraş Sarımsağında (Allium sativum L.) Kitlesel Fide Elde Etmek Amacıyla In Vitro Gövde Diski Üretim Tekniğinin Kullanımında Bitki Büyüme Düzenleyicilerinin Etkileri","authors":"Ayşe GÜLÇEBİ, İrfan Ersin AKINCI","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1117827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1117827","url":null,"abstract":"Anatolia is one of the important production areas of garlic. Garlic production is conducted by using the head or the cloves inside the heads, which are actually the consumed part of the garlic, as propagation material. However, due to the use of cloves, which are the most valuable part of the market, as reproduction material, the profit is reduced by about 10%. The study aims to provide an alternative propagation material to reduce the losses resulting from this practice in local Kahramanmaraş garlic production. For this purpose, generating plantlets directly from stem discs of the garlic cloves in vitro and the effects of different growth regulators have been studied. For this, the plant growth regulators added to MS media as BAP (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg l-1), GA3 (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg l-1), 2-IP (0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 mg l-1); kinetin (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg l-1) and TDZ (0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 mg l-1) were tested. In the study number of explants, number of infected explants, number of healthy explants, number of developed explants, healthy explant rate, developed explant rate, number of callused explants, callus growth rate, number of proliferated explants, proliferation rate, proliferation number, number of rooted explants, rooting rate and number of roots were investigated. However, shoot ratios, shoot numbers, and callus formation were the main focus. The highest rates of proliferation were found in 2-IP (53.8%, 45.5%, and 40.0% at 1.00, 0.75, and 1.25 mg l-1 dosages, respectively) and Kinetin (35.3% at 2.00 mg l-1). The maximum shoot number was reached with 2-IP at the dose of 1.00 mg l-1 as 1.9 shoot/explants. Kinetin at 3.00 mg l-1 and 2IP at 1.25 mg l-1 were the other successful applications with 1.8 shoots. This study indicated promising results to obtain plantlets directly from the clove’s stem discs and including them into seedling production for the mass production of garlic.","PeriodicalId":119547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134904258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The incidence of disease and damage will increase, if environmental control and acceptable management practices are not provided during the rearing period. Ascites affect young broilers with rapid growth, and the most critical factor in causing ascites syndrome is the lack of oxygen in body tissues (hypoxia). This research aimed to investigate the effect of olive leaves hydroalcoholic extract and probiotics (LactoFeed) on experimental ascites caused by levothyroxine in male broiler chickens. The present study was an interventional type, and for its implementation, a single-factor design was used in eight groups with 3 replicates. Data were analyzed based on a one-way analysis of variance. Blood parameters of male chickens were measured after 42 days. Biochemical factors of the blood serum of broilers included AST, ALT, ALT, TSHT, T4, T3, Glucose, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, Urea, Uric acid, TP, Albumin, and Globulin. AST, ALT, and ALP levels in the induced ascites group increased by 1.16, 1.35, and 1.16 times, respectively. When the chickens had induced ascites, the levels of all three hormones in the blood serum of broiler chickens increased significantly (P
{"title":"Effect of Olive Leaves Hydroalcoholic Extract (Olea Europaea L.) and LactoFeed® probiotics on Induced Ascites in Male Broilers","authors":"Ebrahim TALEBI, Marjan HAGHIGHAT JAHROMI","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1250068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1250068","url":null,"abstract":"The incidence of disease and damage will increase, if environmental control and acceptable management practices are not provided during the rearing period. Ascites affect young broilers with rapid growth, and the most critical factor in causing ascites syndrome is the lack of oxygen in body tissues (hypoxia). This research aimed to investigate the effect of olive leaves hydroalcoholic extract and probiotics (LactoFeed) on experimental ascites caused by levothyroxine in male broiler chickens. The present study was an interventional type, and for its implementation, a single-factor design was used in eight groups with 3 replicates. Data were analyzed based on a one-way analysis of variance. Blood parameters of male chickens were measured after 42 days. Biochemical factors of the blood serum of broilers included AST, ALT, ALT, TSHT, T4, T3, Glucose, Cholesterol, Triglyceride, Urea, Uric acid, TP, Albumin, and Globulin. AST, ALT, and ALP levels in the induced ascites group increased by 1.16, 1.35, and 1.16 times, respectively. When the chickens had induced ascites, the levels of all three hormones in the blood serum of broiler chickens increased significantly (P","PeriodicalId":119547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134904058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bu çalışmada, Kilis ili merkez ve ilçe köylerinde yer alan tarım topraklarının verimlilik düzeyi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla toprağın 0-30cm derinliğinden alınan örneklerde bünye, pH, EC, CaCO3, organik madde, fosfor ve potasyum analizleri yapılmıştır. Toprağın bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal analizlerinin belirlenmesi için alınan 40 adet toprak örneği verimlilik bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Kilis ili tarım topraklarının hafif alkali reaksiyonlu olduğu, %55’inin killi, %30’unun killi tınlı, %15’inin ise tın tekstüre sahip olduğu, toprakların organik madde içeriği bakımından %12.5’i çok az, %50’ si az, %32.5’’i orta düzeyde ve %5’i yeterli sınıfına dâhil olmuştur. Kilis ili tarım toprakları genel olarak tuzsuz, %2.5’inin kireçli, %67.5’inin orta kireçli, %22.5’inin fazla kireçli ve %7.5’inin çok fazla kireçli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tarım topraklarında yüksek kireç içeriğinin, fosfor gibi bazı önemli besin elementlerinin alınabilirliğini sınırlandırdığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Kilis ili tarım toprakları yeterli düzeyde potasyuma sahip olup, %24’ünün fosfor içeriğinin çok az, %14’ünün az ve %2’sinin orta sınıfa dâhil olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sürekli ve verimli bir bitkisel üretim için topraktan kaldırılan besin maddesinin tekrar toprağa ilave edilmesi gerekmektedir. Kilis ili üreticileri yüksek kireç ve düşük organik madde içeren bu topraklarda, gübreleme yapmadan üretim gerçekleştirmektedir. Toprakta var olan besin maddesi yıllar itibariyle bitkiler tarafından tüketilmektedir. Bu süreç neticesinde toprağın verimliliği azalmakta ve ürün verimi düşmektedir. İlimiz üreticileri, ekonomik nedenlerle mineral gübre kullanımını sınırlı tutmaktadırlar. Yabancı ot probleminden dolayı çiftlik gübresi de tercih edilmemektedir. Kilis ilinde genellikle tarla bitkileri ve sebze yetiştirilen tarım topraklarında beslenme sorunlarının bulunduğu, bitkilerin ihtiyaç duyduğu dönemlerde, toprak analizleri sonucuna göre, gereken miktarda gübre uygulanması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca organik gübre kullanımına önem verilmesi ve böylece toprağın sürdürülebilir verimliliği sağlanmalıdır.
{"title":"Kilis İli Tarım Topraklarının Beslenme Durumunun İncelenmesi","authors":"Ahmet KILIÇ, Meryem KUZUCU, İbrahim Samet GÖKÇEN","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1203934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1203934","url":null,"abstract":"Bu çalışmada, Kilis ili merkez ve ilçe köylerinde yer alan tarım topraklarının verimlilik düzeyi incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla toprağın 0-30cm derinliğinden alınan örneklerde bünye, pH, EC, CaCO3, organik madde, fosfor ve potasyum analizleri yapılmıştır. Toprağın bazı fiziksel ve kimyasal analizlerinin belirlenmesi için alınan 40 adet toprak örneği verimlilik bakımından değerlendirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre, Kilis ili tarım topraklarının hafif alkali reaksiyonlu olduğu, %55’inin killi, %30’unun killi tınlı, %15’inin ise tın tekstüre sahip olduğu, toprakların organik madde içeriği bakımından %12.5’i çok az, %50’ si az, %32.5’’i orta düzeyde ve %5’i yeterli sınıfına dâhil olmuştur. Kilis ili tarım toprakları genel olarak tuzsuz, %2.5’inin kireçli, %67.5’inin orta kireçli, %22.5’inin fazla kireçli ve %7.5’inin çok fazla kireçli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Tarım topraklarında yüksek kireç içeriğinin, fosfor gibi bazı önemli besin elementlerinin alınabilirliğini sınırlandırdığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Kilis ili tarım toprakları yeterli düzeyde potasyuma sahip olup, %24’ünün fosfor içeriğinin çok az, %14’ünün az ve %2’sinin orta sınıfa dâhil olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sürekli ve verimli bir bitkisel üretim için topraktan kaldırılan besin maddesinin tekrar toprağa ilave edilmesi gerekmektedir. Kilis ili üreticileri yüksek kireç ve düşük organik madde içeren bu topraklarda, gübreleme yapmadan üretim gerçekleştirmektedir. Toprakta var olan besin maddesi yıllar itibariyle bitkiler tarafından tüketilmektedir. Bu süreç neticesinde toprağın verimliliği azalmakta ve ürün verimi düşmektedir. İlimiz üreticileri, ekonomik nedenlerle mineral gübre kullanımını sınırlı tutmaktadırlar. Yabancı ot probleminden dolayı çiftlik gübresi de tercih edilmemektedir. Kilis ilinde genellikle tarla bitkileri ve sebze yetiştirilen tarım topraklarında beslenme sorunlarının bulunduğu, bitkilerin ihtiyaç duyduğu dönemlerde, toprak analizleri sonucuna göre, gereken miktarda gübre uygulanması gerekmektedir. Ayrıca organik gübre kullanımına önem verilmesi ve böylece toprağın sürdürülebilir verimliliği sağlanmalıdır.","PeriodicalId":119547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134904060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oylum Şimal YILMAZ, Tuncay GÜMÜŞ, Gülce Bedis KAYNARCA, Deniz Damla ALTAN KAMER
Technological and rheological properties of fish gelatin (FG) with the addition of different gums (xanthan gum, gellan gum, agar-agar, locust bean gum, carrageenan, guar gum, gum arabic) were determined. Increase in the storage modulus (Gʹ) and loss modulus (Gʺ) was observed with the addition of gums to FG. The elastic structure of FG became stronger and showed a significantly higher gel property (Gʹ>Gʺ). The addition of gum arabic was seen to adversely affect the structure of FG, causing a decrease in gel strength and a more viscous structure. The highest gel strength was achieved with the addition of gellan gum (7.50%). The melting temperatures, gel strength, and consistency index of FG were increased with the addition of all gums, except gum arabic. Addition of 5.00% xanthan gum to FG resulted in an increase in the melting temperature to 15.93ᵒC, which was the highest melting temperature obtained with FG. Similarly, an increase in the melting point was detected with the addition of gellan gum, agar-agar, carrageenan, and carob gum compared to the control. Different hydrocolloids enhanced Kgel, G,G, consistency index, gel strength, and melting temperature of FG. Bloom values for Bovine Gelatin (BG) and FG were 247.16 and 31.29 g, respectively. The bloom value increased to 409.363 with the addition of gellan gum and changed between 8.11-131.08 with the other gums. The water holding capacity (WHC) was found to be 784.36% in BG and 35.14% in FG. The highest WHC among all the mixtures was determined as 232.5% with the addition of 5.00% xanthan gum. The best overall results were obtained with the addition of gellan gum. Gellan gum added to FG could potentially make it suitable for usage in the food industry.
{"title":"Farklı Gam İlavesinin Balık Jelatinin Teknolojik ve Reolojik Özellikleri Üzerine Etkisi","authors":"Oylum Şimal YILMAZ, Tuncay GÜMÜŞ, Gülce Bedis KAYNARCA, Deniz Damla ALTAN KAMER","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1226398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1226398","url":null,"abstract":"Technological and rheological properties of fish gelatin (FG) with the addition of different gums (xanthan gum, gellan gum, agar-agar, locust bean gum, carrageenan, guar gum, gum arabic) were determined. Increase in the storage modulus (Gʹ) and loss modulus (Gʺ) was observed with the addition of gums to FG. The elastic structure of FG became stronger and showed a significantly higher gel property (Gʹ>Gʺ). The addition of gum arabic was seen to adversely affect the structure of FG, causing a decrease in gel strength and a more viscous structure. The highest gel strength was achieved with the addition of gellan gum (7.50%). The melting temperatures, gel strength, and consistency index of FG were increased with the addition of all gums, except gum arabic. Addition of 5.00% xanthan gum to FG resulted in an increase in the melting temperature to 15.93ᵒC, which was the highest melting temperature obtained with FG. Similarly, an increase in the melting point was detected with the addition of gellan gum, agar-agar, carrageenan, and carob gum compared to the control. Different hydrocolloids enhanced Kgel, G,G, consistency index, gel strength, and melting temperature of FG. Bloom values for Bovine Gelatin (BG) and FG were 247.16 and 31.29 g, respectively. The bloom value increased to 409.363 with the addition of gellan gum and changed between 8.11-131.08 with the other gums. The water holding capacity (WHC) was found to be 784.36% in BG and 35.14% in FG. The highest WHC among all the mixtures was determined as 232.5% with the addition of 5.00% xanthan gum. The best overall results were obtained with the addition of gellan gum. Gellan gum added to FG could potentially make it suitable for usage in the food industry.","PeriodicalId":119547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134904062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cafer GENÇOĞLAN, Mehmet Durak TÜYSÜZ, Serpil GENÇOĞLAN
Anything that cannot be measured cannot be managed. Based on the thought, the aims of this study are to evaluate water levels and flow rates measured by Limnigraph (OEL), pressure sensor (PS) and ultrasonic sensors (US) in the open irrigation canal. Limnigraph and pressure sensor sensed water levels and flow rates under un-fluctuating conditions in the Stilling Well and ultrasonic sensors directly measured them from water surface under fluctuating conditions at the Kartalkaya Dam in Kahramanmaraş. Assuming Limnigraph water level and flow rates readings correct and water levels and flow rates of Limnigraph were compared with that of pressure and ultrasonic sensor. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and ANOVA tests were done on 2454 observations. Average of water level and flow rates of limnigraph, pressure and ultrasonic sensor were 928±4.9 mm and 4.61±0.038 m3s-1, 927±4.9mm and 4.62±0.037 m3s-1, and 922±4.9 mm and 4.58±0.037 m3s-1, respectively. Differences between the average water levels and flow rates were 1 mm (928-927) and 0.01 m3s-1 (4.61-4.62) under un-fluctuating and 6 mm (928-922) and 0.03 m3s-1 (4.61-4.58) under fluctuating conditions. The fluctuation increased the differences between the average water levels and flow rates. MAPE of water levels and flow rates for pressure and ultrasonic sensor were calculated as 0.741% and 1.466% under un-fluctuation, and 1.453% and 2.490% under fluctuation conditions, respectively and since they were below 10%, the levels of agreement between the two data sets are considered as “very good”. However, fluctuation conditions increased MAPEs from 0.741% to 1.453%, from 1.466% to 2.490%. The water levels and flow rates of both sensors were not statistically different from those of optic encoder Limnigraph. Accordingly, both sensors can be used to measure water levels and flow rates in open irrigation canal but un-fluctuating conditions should be preferred. In addition, ultrasonic sensors can be used in environments that block, corrode the pressure sensors and make it difficult to use by floating objects.
{"title":"Evaluation of Water Levels and Flow Rates Measured in Irrigation Canal Using Limnigraph, Pressure and Ultrasonic Sensors","authors":"Cafer GENÇOĞLAN, Mehmet Durak TÜYSÜZ, Serpil GENÇOĞLAN","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1207167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1207167","url":null,"abstract":"Anything that cannot be measured cannot be managed. Based on the thought, the aims of this study are to evaluate water levels and flow rates measured by Limnigraph (OEL), pressure sensor (PS) and ultrasonic sensors (US) in the open irrigation canal. Limnigraph and pressure sensor sensed water levels and flow rates under un-fluctuating conditions in the Stilling Well and ultrasonic sensors directly measured them from water surface under fluctuating conditions at the Kartalkaya Dam in Kahramanmaraş. Assuming Limnigraph water level and flow rates readings correct and water levels and flow rates of Limnigraph were compared with that of pressure and ultrasonic sensor. Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) and ANOVA tests were done on 2454 observations. Average of water level and flow rates of limnigraph, pressure and ultrasonic sensor were 928±4.9 mm and 4.61±0.038 m3s-1, 927±4.9mm and 4.62±0.037 m3s-1, and 922±4.9 mm and 4.58±0.037 m3s-1, respectively. Differences between the average water levels and flow rates were 1 mm (928-927) and 0.01 m3s-1 (4.61-4.62) under un-fluctuating and 6 mm (928-922) and 0.03 m3s-1 (4.61-4.58) under fluctuating conditions. The fluctuation increased the differences between the average water levels and flow rates. MAPE of water levels and flow rates for pressure and ultrasonic sensor were calculated as 0.741% and 1.466% under un-fluctuation, and 1.453% and 2.490% under fluctuation conditions, respectively and since they were below 10%, the levels of agreement between the two data sets are considered as “very good”. However, fluctuation conditions increased MAPEs from 0.741% to 1.453%, from 1.466% to 2.490%. The water levels and flow rates of both sensors were not statistically different from those of optic encoder Limnigraph. Accordingly, both sensors can be used to measure water levels and flow rates in open irrigation canal but un-fluctuating conditions should be preferred. In addition, ultrasonic sensors can be used in environments that block, corrode the pressure sensors and make it difficult to use by floating objects.","PeriodicalId":119547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty","volume":"89 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134903932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In solar energy systems that use solar panels, it's important to know the best tilt angle to optimize solar energy production. Monthly, seasonal, and annual optimum tilt angles were determined in this study using meteorological insolation data from many years in the provinces of Tekirdag and Konya, which are located in different regions of Turkey. At optimum tilt angles, monthly, seasonal, and annual total radiation on the tilted surface were 1516.7 kWh m-2 year-1, 1504.1 kWh m-2 year-1 and 1448.1 kWh m-2 year-1 in Tekirdag, respectively. In Konya, these values were 1851.4 kWh m-2 year-1, 1833.51 kWh m-2 year-1 and kWh m-2 year-1, respectively. In the seasonal and annual optimum tilt angles, there was an approximately 1% and 5% loss in the total radiation values on the tilted surface, respectively, according to the monthly optimum tilt angle. In addition, the coefficients of the relationship between the monthly mean daily radiation on the tilted surface and the tilt angles were determined for each month using the cubic regression model in both provinces. The Cubic regression model coefficients are computed for each month in the provinces of Tekirdag and Konya. All months in both provinces had R2 (Coefficient of determination) values of 0.999 for the Cubic model. To determine whether there is a difference between the total amounts of radiation reaching the tilted surface for each month at the best tilt angles obtained by the two methods, the t-test was used. The monthly average daily radiation values on the tilted surface obtained by the two methods at the best tilt angles in both provinces have not been found to differ statistically (p>0.05; t=0.001).
{"title":"Türkiye’de İki İlde Optimum Eğim Açılarında Eğimli Yüzeyde Aylık, Mevsimsel, Yıllık Toplam Güneş Işınımının Tahmini","authors":"Eray ÖNLER, Birol KAYİŞOĞLU","doi":"10.33462/jotaf.1268745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33462/jotaf.1268745","url":null,"abstract":"In solar energy systems that use solar panels, it's important to know the best tilt angle to optimize solar energy production. Monthly, seasonal, and annual optimum tilt angles were determined in this study using meteorological insolation data from many years in the provinces of Tekirdag and Konya, which are located in different regions of Turkey. At optimum tilt angles, monthly, seasonal, and annual total radiation on the tilted surface were 1516.7 kWh m-2 year-1, 1504.1 kWh m-2 year-1 and 1448.1 kWh m-2 year-1 in Tekirdag, respectively. In Konya, these values were 1851.4 kWh m-2 year-1, 1833.51 kWh m-2 year-1 and kWh m-2 year-1, respectively. In the seasonal and annual optimum tilt angles, there was an approximately 1% and 5% loss in the total radiation values on the tilted surface, respectively, according to the monthly optimum tilt angle. In addition, the coefficients of the relationship between the monthly mean daily radiation on the tilted surface and the tilt angles were determined for each month using the cubic regression model in both provinces. The Cubic regression model coefficients are computed for each month in the provinces of Tekirdag and Konya. All months in both provinces had R2 (Coefficient of determination) values of 0.999 for the Cubic model. To determine whether there is a difference between the total amounts of radiation reaching the tilted surface for each month at the best tilt angles obtained by the two methods, the t-test was used. The monthly average daily radiation values on the tilted surface obtained by the two methods at the best tilt angles in both provinces have not been found to differ statistically (p>0.05; t=0.001).","PeriodicalId":119547,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tekirdag Agricultural Faculty","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134904255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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