Following recent successful results in the search for innovative semi-synthetic cosmeceutical Se-glycoconjugates, the work reported herein explores the development and evaluation of second-generation selenosugar-linked hydroxycinnamic acids as new potential cosmeceutical ingredients. Utilizing a Pummerer-like rearrangement for C1-acetylation, these novel compounds were synthesized and characterized using NMR spectroscopy and HRMS, confirming their structures and purity. The biological evaluation focused on their radical scavenging preliminary screening, and cytotoxic and antioxidant activities in human immortalized keratinocytes, revealing significant potential for use in skin care formulations aimed at counteracting oxidative stress and promoting skin health. Cellular uptake studies conducted on HaCaT keratinocytes using UHPLC-QqTOF-MS metabolomics demonstrated effective internalization of these compounds, which is crucial for their efficacy as topical agents. Furthermore, percutaneous absorption tests using the Franz diffusion cell method and subsequent HPLC-DAD analysis provided insights into the compound skin permeation capabilities, a critical factor for their practical application in cosmeceuticals.
{"title":"Novel synthesized seleno-glycoconjugates as cosmeceutical ingredients: Antioxidant activity and in vitro skin permeation","authors":"Giovanna Cimmino , Mauro De Nisco , Cristina Alonso , Claudia Gravina , Vincenzo Piscopo , Reinier Lemos , Luisa Coderch , Simona Piccolella , Severina Pacifico , Silvana Pedatella","doi":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100240","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100240","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Following recent successful results in the search for innovative semi-synthetic cosmeceutical Se-glycoconjugates, the work reported herein explores the development and evaluation of second-generation selenosugar-linked hydroxycinnamic acids as new potential cosmeceutical ingredients. Utilizing a Pummerer-like rearrangement for C1-acetylation, these novel compounds were synthesized and characterized using NMR spectroscopy and HRMS, confirming their structures and purity. The biological evaluation focused on their radical scavenging preliminary screening, and cytotoxic and antioxidant activities in human immortalized keratinocytes, revealing significant potential for use in skin care formulations aimed at counteracting oxidative stress and promoting skin health. Cellular uptake studies conducted on HaCaT keratinocytes using UHPLC-QqTOF-MS metabolomics demonstrated effective internalization of these compounds, which is crucial for their efficacy as topical agents. Furthermore, percutaneous absorption tests using the Franz diffusion cell method and subsequent HPLC-DAD analysis provided insights into the compound skin permeation capabilities, a critical factor for their practical application in cosmeceuticals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12015,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-11-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100239
Anna Tempesta , Anna Tolomeo , Azzurra Stefanucci , Lorenza Marinaccio , Adriano Mollica
Neurodegenerative diseases are illnesses that affect the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by a series of symptoms such as dementia, motor disturbances, behavioural and psychological disorders, and cognitive impairments. The most common neurodegenerative disorders are Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, for which radiopharmaceuticals have been developed and approved for the purpose of PET investigation. Biomarkers are molecules that can be studied and used for diagnostic purposes, to monitor diseases, and to identify potential risk factors early.
神经退行性疾病是一种影响中枢神经系统（CNS）的疾病，以痴呆、运动障碍、行为和心理障碍以及认知障碍等一系列症状为特征。最常见的神经退行性疾病是阿尔茨海默病和帕金森病，针对这两种疾病开发的放射性药物已被批准用于 PET 研究。生物标记物是可以研究和用于诊断目的、监测疾病和早期识别潜在风险因素的分子。
{"title":"Use of radiopharmaceuticals in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases","authors":"Anna Tempesta , Anna Tolomeo , Azzurra Stefanucci , Lorenza Marinaccio , Adriano Mollica","doi":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100239","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100239","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Neurodegenerative diseases are illnesses that affect the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by a series of symptoms such as dementia, motor disturbances, behavioural and psychological disorders, and cognitive impairments. The most common neurodegenerative disorders are Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, for which radiopharmaceuticals have been developed and approved for the purpose of PET investigation. Biomarkers are molecules that can be studied and used for diagnostic purposes, to monitor diseases, and to identify potential risk factors early.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12015,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100239"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Breast cancer is still one of the major health concerns of today's world. In light of such a scenario, regular improvement in the detection technique is crucial to meet better early diagnosis and treatment outcomes. This present work places much emphasis on gold nanobiosensors, which might be of utmost use in improving breast cancer diagnosis by the excellent sensitivity and specificity they offer for the identification of cancer-related biomarkers. These sensors take advantage of the unique optical and electric properties that gold nanoparticles have, enabling them to achieve an accurate molecular level of detection. Gold nanobiosensors have been significantly developed through innovations like signal amplification and surface functionalization, integrated with the use of advanced imaging techniques. Efforts have been done to enhance their biocompatibility, stability, and scalability for clinical applications. The integration of gold nanobiosensors with emerging technologies, including microfluidics and machine learning, opens new perspectives for personalized diagnostics and point-of-care testing in resource-constrained settings. However, further challenges lie ahead: to enhance manufacturing techniques, to conduct large-scale clinical trials, and to overcome limitations in regulations before widespread clinical applications. Continuous studies and technological advances indicate that gold nanobiosensors have the potential to significantly improve early diagnosis of breast cancer, reducing mortality rates and enhancing the care of patients.
{"title":"Gold nanobiosensors and Machine Learning: Pioneering breakthroughs in precision breast cancer detection","authors":"Soheil Sadr , Ashkan Hajjafari , Abbas Rahdar , Sadanand Pandey , Parian Poorjafari Jafroodi , Narges Lotfalizadeh , Mahdi Soroushianfar , Shahla Salimpour Kavasebi , Zelal Kharaba , Sonia Fathi-karkan , Hassan Borji","doi":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100238","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100238","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Breast cancer is still one of the major health concerns of today's world. In light of such a scenario, regular improvement in the detection technique is crucial to meet better early diagnosis and treatment outcomes. This present work places much emphasis on gold nanobiosensors, which might be of utmost use in improving breast cancer diagnosis by the excellent sensitivity and specificity they offer for the identification of cancer-related biomarkers. These sensors take advantage of the unique optical and electric properties that gold nanoparticles have, enabling them to achieve an accurate molecular level of detection. Gold nanobiosensors have been significantly developed through innovations like signal amplification and surface functionalization, integrated with the use of advanced imaging techniques. Efforts have been done to enhance their biocompatibility, stability, and scalability for clinical applications. The integration of gold nanobiosensors with emerging technologies, including microfluidics and machine learning, opens new perspectives for personalized diagnostics and point-of-care testing in resource-constrained settings. However, further challenges lie ahead: to enhance manufacturing techniques, to conduct large-scale clinical trials, and to overcome limitations in regulations before widespread clinical applications. Continuous studies and technological advances indicate that gold nanobiosensors have the potential to significantly improve early diagnosis of breast cancer, reducing mortality rates and enhancing the care of patients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12015,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100238"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142651712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100236
Nibedita Ghosh , Lal Mohan Kundu
Cyclic peptides are an important class of bioactive molecules used as drugs as well as biomolecular probes. Peptide cyclization under the physiological environment, without added chemicals or reagents, would be a highly useful technique for in situ applications. A simple, highly efficient, and green procedure for side-chain to side-chain in situ peptide cyclization is established here at the physiological condition. The methodology further allows the release of small biologically active molecules through peptide self-cyclization. Bioactive molecules, as well as other organic leaving groups (having primary or secondary alcohol as a functional group), were conjugated to a short peptide RXE sequence (X = Pro/Ala/Gly). The peptides were designed to undergo cyclization under physiological conditions and release the covalently attached chemotherapeutic drug and nucleobases, in a controlled manner. In vitro studies were performed in detail, with optimized physiological parameters, to understand the kinetics as well as the mechanism of self-cyclization. The mechanism of action was investigated by HPLC and ESI-Mass spectrometry. The conformational change, due to cyclization of the peptides, was monitored by CD spectroscopy. The present concept of peptide self-cyclization leading to a bond cleavage could be a potential method of delivery of small, bioactive molecules such as chemotherapeutic drugs.
{"title":"A reagent-free, sequence-dependent in situ peptide self-cyclization strategy under physiological condition","authors":"Nibedita Ghosh , Lal Mohan Kundu","doi":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100236","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100236","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cyclic peptides are an important class of bioactive molecules used as drugs as well as biomolecular probes. Peptide cyclization under the physiological environment, without added chemicals or reagents, would be a highly useful technique for in situ applications. A simple, highly efficient, and green procedure for side-chain to side-chain in situ peptide cyclization is established here at the physiological condition. The methodology further allows the release of small biologically active molecules through peptide self-cyclization. Bioactive molecules, as well as other organic leaving groups (having primary or secondary alcohol as a functional group), were conjugated to a short peptide RXE sequence (X = Pro/Ala/Gly). The peptides were designed to undergo cyclization under physiological conditions and release the covalently attached chemotherapeutic drug and nucleobases, in a controlled manner. In vitro studies were performed in detail, with optimized physiological parameters, to understand the kinetics as well as the mechanism of self-cyclization. The mechanism of action was investigated by HPLC and ESI-Mass spectrometry. The conformational change, due to cyclization of the peptides, was monitored by CD spectroscopy. The present concept of peptide self-cyclization leading to a bond cleavage could be a potential method of delivery of small, bioactive molecules such as chemotherapeutic drugs.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12015,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100236"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that imposes a substantial socioeconomic burden globally. The increasing prevalence of AD, coupled with an incomplete understanding of its fundamental etiology and the absence of a definitive cure, has intensified research efforts in this area. Over the past decade, the cholinergic theory has garnered significant attention from researchers, particularly in the development of small molecule-based Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors using molecular modelling and computer-aided drug discovery. In recent years, the focus has expanded to include multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs), which address the multifaceted pathological mechanisms of AD. These ligands offer the potential to reduce amyloid-beta plaque accumulation, neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, while also providing metal chelation properties and selective MAO-B inhibition. Despite the progress in small molecule-based AD therapeutics, issues related to toxicity and severe side effects have underscored the urgent need for novel drug development. This has spurred interest in the structural modification of existing drugs such as tacrine, donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine, as well as the synthesis of new molecules informed by structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. In this review, we summarize and analyse recent advancements in small molecule-based AChE inhibitors, with a focus on various drug design strategies aimed at generating potent therapeutic candidates.
{"title":"Novel small molecule-based acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors: From biological perspective to recent developments","authors":"Anjali Sobha , Anand Ganapathy , Sangeetha Mohan , Nithya Madhusoodanan , Alansheeja D. Babysulochana , Kumaran Alaganandan , Sasidhar B. Somappa","doi":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100237","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100237","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder that imposes a substantial socioeconomic burden globally. The increasing prevalence of AD, coupled with an incomplete understanding of its fundamental etiology and the absence of a definitive cure, has intensified research efforts in this area. Over the past decade, the cholinergic theory has garnered significant attention from researchers, particularly in the development of small molecule-based Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors using molecular modelling and computer-aided drug discovery. In recent years, the focus has expanded to include multi-target-directed ligands (MTDLs), which address the multifaceted pathological mechanisms of AD. These ligands offer the potential to reduce amyloid-beta plaque accumulation, neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) formation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation, while also providing metal chelation properties and selective MAO-B inhibition. Despite the progress in small molecule-based AD therapeutics, issues related to toxicity and severe side effects have underscored the urgent need for novel drug development. This has spurred interest in the structural modification of existing drugs such as tacrine, donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine, as well as the synthesis of new molecules informed by structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. In this review, we summarize and analyse recent advancements in small molecule-based AChE inhibitors, with a focus on various drug design strategies aimed at generating potent therapeutic candidates.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12015,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100237"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142571810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-21DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100235
Aikaterini Katsogiannou , Danai Karta , Antonio Di Stefano , Sena Oner , Mehmet Enes Arslan , Adil Mardinoglu , Hasan Turkez , Stamatia Vassiliou , Ivana Cacciatore
In the field of medicinal chemistry, the versatility of the thiosemicarbazone scaffold makes it a promising platform for the development of next-generation pharmaceuticals. In this paper the thiosemicarbazone scaffold was explored to obtain novel series of derivatives: a) thiosemicarbazones 15–31, and 33 containing a linear thiosemicarbazone scaffold, b) 34–38 and 44–64 containing pyrazoline ring, and c) 39–43 containing the dihydropyrimidine cycle. Among these, compounds 21, 23, 26, 33–35, 37, 38, 44, 57, 61, and 62 demonstrated no significant cytotoxic effects on HDFa cells at concentrations up to 500 μg/mL. Importantly, compounds 21, 23, 26, 33, 34, 35, and 37 exhibited significant protective effects against neurotoxicity induced by beta-amyloid peptide (1-42) in differentiated SHSY-5Y cell cultures. Enzymatic assays targeting BACE1 and AChE revealed modest inhibitory activity in compounds 21, 23, and 34, 37, respectively. The identification of compounds with inhibitory effects and neuroprotective activity against beta-amyloid peptide (1-42) offers a platform for further optimization and refinement of these compounds to enhance their potency and selectivity.
{"title":"Targeting Alzheimer's disease with novel dual-function 3,5-diaryl-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carbothioamide derivatives","authors":"Aikaterini Katsogiannou , Danai Karta , Antonio Di Stefano , Sena Oner , Mehmet Enes Arslan , Adil Mardinoglu , Hasan Turkez , Stamatia Vassiliou , Ivana Cacciatore","doi":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100235","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100235","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the field of medicinal chemistry, the versatility of the thiosemicarbazone scaffold makes it a promising platform for the development of next-generation pharmaceuticals. In this paper the thiosemicarbazone scaffold was explored to obtain novel series of derivatives: a) thiosemicarbazones <strong>15</strong>–<strong>31,</strong> and <strong>33</strong> containing a linear thiosemicarbazone scaffold, b) <strong>34</strong>–<strong>38</strong> and <strong>44</strong>–<strong>64</strong> containing pyrazoline ring, and c) <strong>39</strong>–<strong>43</strong> containing the dihydropyrimidine cycle. Among these, compounds <strong>21</strong>, <strong>23</strong>, <strong>26</strong>, <strong>33</strong>–<strong>35</strong>, <strong>37</strong>, <strong>38</strong>, <strong>44</strong>, <strong>57</strong>, <strong>61</strong>, and <strong>62</strong> demonstrated no significant cytotoxic effects on HDFa cells at concentrations up to 500 μg/mL. Importantly, compounds <strong>21</strong>, <strong>23</strong>, <strong>26</strong>, <strong>33</strong>, <strong>34</strong>, <strong>35</strong>, and <strong>37</strong> exhibited significant protective effects against neurotoxicity induced by beta-amyloid peptide (1-42) in differentiated SHSY-5Y cell cultures. Enzymatic assays targeting BACE1 and AChE revealed modest inhibitory activity in compounds <strong>21</strong>, <strong>23</strong>, and <strong>34</strong>, <strong>37</strong>, respectively. The identification of compounds with inhibitory effects and neuroprotective activity against beta-amyloid peptide (1-42) offers a platform for further optimization and refinement of these compounds to enhance their potency and selectivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12015,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100231
Farnaz Behmagham , Shahad Mohammed Dhiaa , Abbas Hameed Abdul Hussein , Usama Kadem Radi , Hiba Mushtaq , Ameer Hassan Idan , Esmail Vessally
Prescribing drugs in a traditional way causes drug resistance and side effects. New strategies are being developed to solve these problems and to deliver drugs safely and efficiently to damaged tissues. Drug delivery systems are one of the successful strategies for delivering drugs to the disease site in the body. Hydroxyapatite (HA) due to its similarity to the compositional of bone and tooth and biocompatibility has received more attention in biomedical applications. Nonetheless, its applications are restricted by lower mechanical potency, low colloidal stability, and uncontrolled drug release. The composition of HA with polymers removes its defects as a drug delivery system. Hence, this paper provides clear information on the latest Hydroxyapatite nanocomposites (HAP-PNs) improvements as drug delivery systems. So, it supplies a precise insight into the various synthesis methods of HAp-PNs and newly developed nanocarriers from HAp-PNs. Moreover, this review confers HAp-PNs nanocarrier's possible usage and restrictions in different fields of medicine.
{"title":"Hydroxyapatite–polymer nanocomposites for drug delivery applications: A mini review","authors":"Farnaz Behmagham , Shahad Mohammed Dhiaa , Abbas Hameed Abdul Hussein , Usama Kadem Radi , Hiba Mushtaq , Ameer Hassan Idan , Esmail Vessally","doi":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100231","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100231","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Prescribing drugs in a traditional way causes drug resistance and side effects. New strategies are being developed to solve these problems and to deliver drugs safely and efficiently to damaged tissues. Drug delivery systems are one of the successful strategies for delivering drugs to the disease site in the body. Hydroxyapatite (HA) due to its similarity to the compositional of bone and tooth and biocompatibility has received more attention in biomedical applications. Nonetheless, its applications are restricted by lower mechanical potency, low colloidal stability, and uncontrolled drug release. The composition of HA with polymers removes its defects as a drug delivery system. Hence, this paper provides clear information on the latest Hydroxyapatite nanocomposites (HAP-PNs) improvements as drug delivery systems. So, it supplies a precise insight into the various synthesis methods of HAp-PNs and newly developed nanocarriers from HAp-PNs. Moreover, this review confers HAp-PNs nanocarrier's possible usage and restrictions in different fields of medicine.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12015,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532744","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100232
Faxin Zhang , Mengsi Yin , Wanhui Shao , Xinyi Li , Hongmen Ren , Xianglong Wang , Mengju Xu , Qianchan Pang , Yan Cheng , Jianjun Xue , Haijie Hu , Mingyuan Li
In this paper, sodium alginate (SA) -agarose double cross-linked gel beads were prepared to improve the solubility of 4-n-butylresorcinol and to reduce skin irritation. The wrappage material suitable for 4-nBR gel beads was SA-agarose double cross-linking material, and the internal inclusions were in the form of 4-n-butylresorcinol nanoemulsions (4-nBR NEs). Under the orthogonal fluorescence microscope, it was observed that the gel beads were spherical in shape, with smooth and rounded surfaces and permeable interiors. The encapsulation rate of the gel beads was 84.37 ± 3.56 %, and the average diameter was 1.93 ± 0.21 mm. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the gel beads were spherical in shape. The cumulative leakage rate of the gel beads on the 35 th day was 4.72 ± 0.06 %, suggesting that the gel beads encapsulated 4-butylresorcinol to good effect and with high stability. This proves that the gel beads wrapped with 4-nBR are highly effective and stable. In vitro skin permeability assessment verified the good skin permeability of nanoemulsions (NEs).
{"title":"Fabrication, characterization and transdermal properties of double cross-linked gel beads with 4-n-butylresorcinol","authors":"Faxin Zhang , Mengsi Yin , Wanhui Shao , Xinyi Li , Hongmen Ren , Xianglong Wang , Mengju Xu , Qianchan Pang , Yan Cheng , Jianjun Xue , Haijie Hu , Mingyuan Li","doi":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100232","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100232","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, sodium alginate (SA) -agarose double cross-linked gel beads were prepared to improve the solubility of 4-n-butylresorcinol and to reduce skin irritation. The wrappage material suitable for 4-nBR gel beads was SA-agarose double cross-linking material, and the internal inclusions were in the form of 4-n-butylresorcinol nanoemulsions (4-nBR NEs). Under the orthogonal fluorescence microscope, it was observed that the gel beads were spherical in shape, with smooth and rounded surfaces and permeable interiors. The encapsulation rate of the gel beads was 84.37 ± 3.56 %, and the average diameter was 1.93 ± 0.21 mm. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the gel beads were spherical in shape. The cumulative leakage rate of the gel beads on the 35 th day was 4.72 ± 0.06 %, suggesting that the gel beads encapsulated 4-butylresorcinol to good effect and with high stability. This proves that the gel beads wrapped with 4-nBR are highly effective and stable. <em>In vitro</em> skin permeability assessment verified the good skin permeability of nanoemulsions (NEs).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12015,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100232"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142579016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100234
Mehrab Pourmadadi , Ali Aslani , Roghaieh Holghoomi , Sonia Fathi-karkan , Abbas Rahdar , Zelal Kharaba , Sadanand Pandey
Recent studies have focused on exploring the potential biomedical applications of compounds derived from bio-waste, responding to growing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable practices in healthcare. This review examines a wide range of bio-waste materials, including coffee extracts, banana peels, rice husks, chickpea peels, and pineapple peels, with the intention of determining their potential for use in the production of biomedical devices. The distinctive properties of these bio-waste materials are highlighted, including their antioxidative and antimicrobial characteristics, as well as their capacity to generate environmentally friendly nanoparticles. The sustainable synthesis of nanoparticles such as zinc oxide and silver facilitates the development of eco-friendly alternatives, which could be applied in various biomedical fields, including drug delivery systems, biosensors, and cancer therapy. Utilizing bio-waste not only provides an innovative avenue for advanced medical technologies but also aligns with the principles of sustainable healthcare by reducing waste and minimizing the environmental footprint of biomedical production. However, challenges remain in achieving standardization, reproducibility of outcomes, and securing necessary regulatory approvals. Future interdisciplinary collaborations should prioritize sustainability and nanotechnology to fully exploit the potential of bio-sourced materials in the biomedical sector.
{"title":"Harnessing bio-waste for biomedical applications: A new horizon in sustainable healthcare","authors":"Mehrab Pourmadadi , Ali Aslani , Roghaieh Holghoomi , Sonia Fathi-karkan , Abbas Rahdar , Zelal Kharaba , Sadanand Pandey","doi":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100234","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100234","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Recent studies have focused on exploring the potential biomedical applications of compounds derived from bio-waste, responding to growing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable practices in healthcare. This review examines a wide range of bio-waste materials, including coffee extracts, banana peels, rice husks, chickpea peels, and pineapple peels, with the intention of determining their potential for use in the production of biomedical devices. The distinctive properties of these bio-waste materials are highlighted, including their antioxidative and antimicrobial characteristics, as well as their capacity to generate environmentally friendly nanoparticles. The sustainable synthesis of nanoparticles such as zinc oxide and silver facilitates the development of eco-friendly alternatives, which could be applied in various biomedical fields, including drug delivery systems, biosensors, and cancer therapy. Utilizing bio-waste not only provides an innovative avenue for advanced medical technologies but also aligns with the principles of sustainable healthcare by reducing waste and minimizing the environmental footprint of biomedical production. However, challenges remain in achieving standardization, reproducibility of outcomes, and securing necessary regulatory approvals. Future interdisciplinary collaborations should prioritize sustainability and nanotechnology to fully exploit the potential of bio-sourced materials in the biomedical sector.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12015,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100234"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-16DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100233
K. Rajakumari , K. Aravind , M. Balamugundhan , Manjunathan Jagadeesan , Ambiga Somasundaram , Parthiban Brindha Devi , Pasiyappazham Ramasamy
DNA gyrase is a member of the DNA topoisomerase protein family that catalyzes the conversion of different topological forms of DNA into one another. It is the sole enzyme that causes DNA to negatively supercoil. The enzyme is tetrameric with two GyrA (“A") and two GyrB (“B") subunits. DNA gyrase is an ideal target for medication because of its basic properties in bacterial cells and the lack of gyrase activity in eukaryotes. Antibacterial medications, including quinolones and derivatives based on coumarins that specifically target DNA gyrase, underscore the significance of the enzyme in the fight against bacterial infections. In addition to the typical antibiotic-binding sites, including novobiocin and fluoroquinolones, several other areas are being used in drug discovery. Simocyclinone, thiophene, gepotidacin, halogen atoms in the para position of the phenyl right-hand side (RHS) moiety, and coupled cell division B (CcdB) are examples of novel bacterial type II topoisomerase inhibitors (NBTIs). These binding sites are structurally and chemically active and inhibit the supercoiling activity of topoisomerase. This article provides an overview of DNA gyrase inhibition using synthetic and natural precursors aimed at medication development and discovery.
DNA 回旋酶是 DNA 拓扑异构酶蛋白家族的成员，能催化 DNA 的不同拓扑形式相互转化。它是导致 DNA 负向超螺旋的唯一酶。该酶由两个 GyrA（"A"）亚基和两个 GyrB（"B"）亚基组成四聚体。DNA 回旋酶是理想的药物治疗目标，因为它在细菌细胞中具有基本特性，而在真核生物中则缺乏回旋酶活性。抗菌药物，包括喹诺酮类药物和基于香豆素的衍生物，都是专门针对 DNA 回旋酶的。除了典型的抗生素结合位点（包括新生物素和氟喹诺酮类药物）外，其他几个领域也被用于药物研发。新型细菌 II 型拓扑异构酶抑制剂（NBTIs）包括西莫环酮（Simocyclinone）、噻吩（thiophene）、吉泊他星（gepotidacin）、位于苯基右侧（RHS）分子对位的卤素原子以及耦合细胞分裂 B（CcdB）。这些结合位点具有结构和化学活性，可抑制拓扑异构酶的超卷曲活性。本文概述了利用合成和天然前体抑制 DNA 回旋酶的情况，旨在进行药物开发和发现。
{"title":"Comprehensive review of DNA gyrase as enzymatic target for drug discovery and development","authors":"K. Rajakumari , K. Aravind , M. Balamugundhan , Manjunathan Jagadeesan , Ambiga Somasundaram , Parthiban Brindha Devi , Pasiyappazham Ramasamy","doi":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100233","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100233","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>DNA gyrase is a member of the DNA topoisomerase protein family that catalyzes the conversion of different topological forms of DNA into one another. It is the sole enzyme that causes DNA to negatively supercoil. The enzyme is tetrameric with two GyrA (“A\") and two GyrB (“B\") subunits. DNA gyrase is an ideal target for medication because of its basic properties in bacterial cells and the lack of gyrase activity in eukaryotes. Antibacterial medications, including quinolones and derivatives based on coumarins that specifically target DNA gyrase, underscore the significance of the enzyme in the fight against bacterial infections. In addition to the typical antibiotic-binding sites, including novobiocin and fluoroquinolones, several other areas are being used in drug discovery. Simocyclinone, thiophene, gepotidacin, halogen atoms in the para position of the phenyl right-hand side (RHS) moiety, and coupled cell division B (CcdB) are examples of novel bacterial type II topoisomerase inhibitors (NBTIs). These binding sites are structurally and chemically active and inhibit the supercoiling activity of topoisomerase. This article provides an overview of DNA gyrase inhibition using synthetic and natural precursors aimed at medication development and discovery.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12015,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports","volume":"12 ","pages":"Article 100233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142532743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：
京公网安备 11010802042870号