European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports最新文献_第10页

Hydroxyapatite–polymer nanocomposites for drug delivery applications: A mini review 用于给药应用的羟基磷灰石-聚合物纳米复合材料：微型综述

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100231

Farnaz Behmagham , Shahad Mohammed Dhiaa , Abbas Hameed Abdul Hussein , Usama Kadem Radi , Hiba Mushtaq , Ameer Hassan Idan , Esmail Vessally

Prescribing drugs in a traditional way causes drug resistance and side effects. New strategies are being developed to solve these problems and to deliver drugs safely and efficiently to damaged tissues. Drug delivery systems are one of the successful strategies for delivering drugs to the disease site in the body. Hydroxyapatite (HA) due to its similarity to the compositional of bone and tooth and biocompatibility has received more attention in biomedical applications. Nonetheless, its applications are restricted by lower mechanical potency, low colloidal stability, and uncontrolled drug release. The composition of HA with polymers removes its defects as a drug delivery system. Hence, this paper provides clear information on the latest Hydroxyapatite nanocomposites (HAP-PNs) improvements as drug delivery systems. So, it supplies a precise insight into the various synthesis methods of HAp-PNs and newly developed nanocarriers from HAp-PNs. Moreover, this review confers HAp-PNs nanocarrier's possible usage and restrictions in different fields of medicine.

传统的用药方式会产生抗药性和副作用。目前正在开发新的策略来解决这些问题，并将药物安全有效地输送到受损组织。药物输送系统是将药物输送到体内疾病部位的成功策略之一。羟基磷灰石（HA）因其与骨骼和牙齿的成分相似且具有生物相容性，在生物医学应用中受到越来越多的关注。然而，由于其机械效力较低、胶体稳定性较差以及药物释放不受控制，其应用受到了限制。医管局与聚合物的组合消除了其作为给药系统的缺陷。因此，本文提供了有关羟基磷灰石纳米复合材料（HAP-PNs）作为给药系统的最新改进的明确信息。因此，本文对 HAp-PNs 的各种合成方法和新开发的 HAp-PNs 纳米载体提供了准确的见解。此外，这篇综述还介绍了 HAp-PNs 纳米载体在不同医学领域可能的用途和限制。

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引用次数: 0

Fabrication, characterization and transdermal properties of double cross-linked gel beads with 4-n-butylresorcinol 含有 4-正丁基间苯二酚的双交联凝胶珠的制造、表征和透皮特性

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100232

Faxin Zhang , Mengsi Yin , Wanhui Shao , Xinyi Li , Hongmen Ren , Xianglong Wang , Mengju Xu , Qianchan Pang , Yan Cheng , Jianjun Xue , Haijie Hu , Mingyuan Li

In this paper, sodium alginate (SA) -agarose double cross-linked gel beads were prepared to improve the solubility of 4-n-butylresorcinol and to reduce skin irritation. The wrappage material suitable for 4-nBR gel beads was SA-agarose double cross-linking material, and the internal inclusions were in the form of 4-n-butylresorcinol nanoemulsions (4-nBR NEs). Under the orthogonal fluorescence microscope, it was observed that the gel beads were spherical in shape, with smooth and rounded surfaces and permeable interiors. The encapsulation rate of the gel beads was 84.37 ± 3.56 %, and the average diameter was 1.93 ± 0.21 mm. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the gel beads were spherical in shape. The cumulative leakage rate of the gel beads on the 35 th day was 4.72 ± 0.06 %, suggesting that the gel beads encapsulated 4-butylresorcinol to good effect and with high stability. This proves that the gel beads wrapped with 4-nBR are highly effective and stable. In vitro skin permeability assessment verified the good skin permeability of nanoemulsions (NEs).

本文制备了海藻酸钠（SA）-琼脂糖双交联凝胶珠，以提高 4-正丁基间苯二酚的溶解度并减少对皮肤的刺激。4-丁基间苯二酚凝胶珠的包裹材料为海藻酸钠-琼脂糖双交联材料，内含物为4-丁基间苯二酚纳米乳液（4-nBR NEs）。在正交荧光显微镜下观察到，凝胶珠呈球形，表面光滑圆润，内部可渗透。凝胶珠的封装率为 84.37 ± 3.56%，平均直径为 1.93 ± 0.21 毫米。扫描电子显微镜显示凝胶珠呈球形。凝胶珠在第 35 天的累积泄漏率为 4.72 ± 0.06 %，这表明凝胶珠封装 4-丁基间苯二酚的效果良好，稳定性高。这证明了用 4-丁苯橡胶包裹的凝胶珠是高效和稳定的。体外皮肤渗透性评估验证了纳米乳液（NEs）良好的皮肤渗透性。

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引用次数: 0

Harnessing bio-waste for biomedical applications: A new horizon in sustainable healthcare 利用生物废物进行生物医学应用：可持续医疗保健的新视野

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100234

Mehrab Pourmadadi , Ali Aslani , Roghaieh Holghoomi , Sonia Fathi-karkan , Abbas Rahdar , Zelal Kharaba , Sadanand Pandey

Recent studies have focused on exploring the potential biomedical applications of compounds derived from bio-waste, responding to growing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable practices in healthcare. This review examines a wide range of bio-waste materials, including coffee extracts, banana peels, rice husks, chickpea peels, and pineapple peels, with the intention of determining their potential for use in the production of biomedical devices. The distinctive properties of these bio-waste materials are highlighted, including their antioxidative and antimicrobial characteristics, as well as their capacity to generate environmentally friendly nanoparticles. The sustainable synthesis of nanoparticles such as zinc oxide and silver facilitates the development of eco-friendly alternatives, which could be applied in various biomedical fields, including drug delivery systems, biosensors, and cancer therapy. Utilizing bio-waste not only provides an innovative avenue for advanced medical technologies but also aligns with the principles of sustainable healthcare by reducing waste and minimizing the environmental footprint of biomedical production. However, challenges remain in achieving standardization, reproducibility of outcomes, and securing necessary regulatory approvals. Future interdisciplinary collaborations should prioritize sustainability and nanotechnology to fully exploit the potential of bio-sourced materials in the biomedical sector.

最近的研究重点是探索从生物废弃物中提取的化合物在生物医学方面的潜在应用，以应对日益增长的环境问题和医疗保健领域对可持续发展的需求。本综述研究了多种生物废料，包括咖啡提取物、香蕉皮、稻壳、鹰嘴豆皮和菠萝皮，旨在确定它们在生物医学设备生产中的应用潜力。重点介绍了这些生物废料的独特性质，包括其抗氧化和抗菌特性，以及生成环境友好型纳米粒子的能力。氧化锌和银等纳米粒子的可持续合成促进了生态友好型替代品的开发，这些替代品可应用于各种生物医学领域，包括药物输送系统、生物传感器和癌症治疗。利用生物废弃物不仅为先进医疗技术提供了创新途径，而且通过减少生物医学生产过程中的废物和环境足迹，符合可持续医疗的原则。然而，在实现标准化、结果的可重复性以及获得必要的监管批准方面仍存在挑战。未来的跨学科合作应优先考虑可持续性和纳米技术，以充分挖掘生物医学领域生物源材料的潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Comprehensive review of DNA gyrase as enzymatic target for drug discovery and development 全面评述作为药物发现和开发酶靶的 DNA 回旋酶

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-16 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100233

K. Rajakumari , K. Aravind , M. Balamugundhan , Manjunathan Jagadeesan , Ambiga Somasundaram , Parthiban Brindha Devi , Pasiyappazham Ramasamy

DNA gyrase is a member of the DNA topoisomerase protein family that catalyzes the conversion of different topological forms of DNA into one another. It is the sole enzyme that causes DNA to negatively supercoil. The enzyme is tetrameric with two GyrA (“A") and two GyrB (“B") subunits. DNA gyrase is an ideal target for medication because of its basic properties in bacterial cells and the lack of gyrase activity in eukaryotes. Antibacterial medications, including quinolones and derivatives based on coumarins that specifically target DNA gyrase, underscore the significance of the enzyme in the fight against bacterial infections. In addition to the typical antibiotic-binding sites, including novobiocin and fluoroquinolones, several other areas are being used in drug discovery. Simocyclinone, thiophene, gepotidacin, halogen atoms in the para position of the phenyl right-hand side (RHS) moiety, and coupled cell division B (CcdB) are examples of novel bacterial type II topoisomerase inhibitors (NBTIs). These binding sites are structurally and chemically active and inhibit the supercoiling activity of topoisomerase. This article provides an overview of DNA gyrase inhibition using synthetic and natural precursors aimed at medication development and discovery.

DNA 回旋酶是 DNA 拓扑异构酶蛋白家族的成员，能催化 DNA 的不同拓扑形式相互转化。它是导致 DNA 负向超螺旋的唯一酶。该酶由两个 GyrA（"A"）亚基和两个 GyrB（"B"）亚基组成四聚体。DNA 回旋酶是理想的药物治疗目标，因为它在细菌细胞中具有基本特性，而在真核生物中则缺乏回旋酶活性。抗菌药物，包括喹诺酮类药物和基于香豆素的衍生物，都是专门针对 DNA 回旋酶的。除了典型的抗生素结合位点（包括新生物素和氟喹诺酮类药物）外，其他几个领域也被用于药物研发。新型细菌 II 型拓扑异构酶抑制剂（NBTIs）包括西莫环酮（Simocyclinone）、噻吩（thiophene）、吉泊他星（gepotidacin）、位于苯基右侧（RHS）分子对位的卤素原子以及耦合细胞分裂 B（CcdB）。这些结合位点具有结构和化学活性，可抑制拓扑异构酶的超卷曲活性。本文概述了利用合成和天然前体抑制 DNA 回旋酶的情况，旨在进行药物开发和发现。

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引用次数: 0

MolAnchor method for explaining compound predictions based on substructures 基于子结构解释化合物预测的 MolAnchor 方法

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100230

Alec Lamens , Jürgen Bajorath

In medicinal chemistry, the impact of machine learning remains limited if predictions are not understood, which often precludes experimental follow-up. Therefore, chemically intuitive approaches that aid in model understanding and interpretation at the molecular level of detail are sought after. While feature attribution methods quantifying feature importance for model decisions are widely used in many areas, they must typically be combined with visualization techniques, if possible, to render the results accessible from a chemical viewpoint. On the other hand, there are approaches such as counterfactuals that yield closely related chemical structures with different prediction outcomes, providing direct access to structural features that critically influence model decisions. Herein, we introduce another approach designed to rationalize chemical predictions based on molecular structure. Therefore, we adapt principles underlying the anchor concept from explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) and alter them for molecular machine learning. The resulting method, termed MolAnchor, systematically identifies substructures in test compounds that determine property predictions, thus ensuring chemical interpretability. The MolAnchor methodology is made freely available to the medicinal chemistry community as a part of our study.

在药物化学领域，如果预测结果不被理解，机器学习的影响仍然有限，这往往排除了实验跟进的可能性。因此，在分子细节层面帮助理解和解释模型的化学直观方法受到追捧。虽然量化特征对模型决策重要性的特征归因方法在许多领域都得到了广泛应用，但如果可能的话，这些方法通常必须与可视化技术相结合，才能使结果从化学角度看更容易理解。另一方面，也有一些方法，例如反事实法，可以得到密切相关的化学结构，但预测结果却不同，从而直接获取对模型决策有重要影响的结构特征。在此，我们介绍另一种方法，旨在基于分子结构合理化化学预测。因此，我们调整了可解释人工智能（XAI）中锚概念的基本原理，并将其用于分子机器学习。由此产生的方法被称为 MolAnchor，它能系统地识别测试化合物中决定性质预测的子结构，从而确保化学可解释性。作为我们研究的一部分，MolAnchor 方法免费提供给药物化学界。

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引用次数: 0

Discovering bioactive phytoconstituents from Citrullus lanatus for antimicrobial and antioxidants therapeutic applications 从南瓜中发现具有生物活性的植物成分，用于抗菌和抗氧化治疗

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100229

Lakshmana Nakkalagadda Venkataravana, Jagadesh Uppin, Nikhitha Chinna Ramanjineyulu, Poojitha Gowribidanur Krishna, Jayaram Lakshmaiah Narayana

In recent decades, significant interest in natural bioactive compounds has led many researchers to study plants as primary natural sources of bioactive compounds, mainly when considering a few biological properties, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory activities, and as nutritional supplements with health benefits. We designed this study to explore the phytochemicals profiling of Citrallus lanatus and evaluate their in vitro bioactive properties. The methanol extraction of the watermelon's stem, rind, and leaf parts through Soxhlet extraction was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The GC-MS profiling of Citrullus lanatus examines the presence of numerous bioactive phytoconstituents with potential biological activities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, and other properties. We have evidenced that the stem, rind, and leaf extracts with significant antioxidant and antimicrobial activities against clinically relevant pathogens like Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Overall, our study sheds light on exploring novel bioactive phytoconstituents from Citrullus lanatus and explore, harness these compounds' therapeutic potential for human health.

近几十年来，人们对天然生物活性化合物产生了浓厚的兴趣，促使许多研究人员将植物作为生物活性化合物的主要天然来源进行研究，主要是考虑到植物的一些生物特性，包括抗氧化、抗菌和抗炎活性，以及作为具有保健功效的营养补充剂。我们设计这项研究的目的是探索桔梗的植物化学成分，并评估其体外生物活性特性。通过索氏提取法对西瓜的茎、皮和叶部分进行甲醇提取，并使用气相色谱-质谱法进行分析。西瓜的气相色谱-质谱分析检测了多种具有潜在生物活性的植物成分，如抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌、抗癌和其他特性。我们发现，茎、果皮和叶提取物对伤寒沙门氏菌、绿脓杆菌、枯草杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等临床相关病原体具有显著的抗氧化和抗菌活性。总之，我们的研究揭示了如何从南瓜中发掘新型生物活性植物成分，并探索和利用这些化合物对人类健康的治疗潜力。

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引用次数: 0

Combination of heme oxygenase-1 inhibitors and temozolomide to improve the anticancer effect in glioblastoma 血红素加氧酶-1抑制剂与替莫唑胺联合使用提高胶质母细胞瘤的抗癌效果

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100227

Sebastiano Intagliata , Valeria Ciaffaglione , Valeria Consoli , Agata Grazia D'Amico , Luca Vanella , Valeria Pittalà , Federica Sodano , Marica Erminia Schiano , Valeria Sorrenti , Loredana Salerno

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is involved in the oncogenesis of glioblastoma (GBM). In this work, we investigated for the first time how the co-administration (combo) of the HO-1 inhibitors SI1/09 or LS6/42 with temozolomide (TMZ) or temozolomide acid (TMZ Ac) may influence the proliferation of U87MG GBM cell lines. Moreover, two novel TMZ/HO-1 inhibitors codrugs LS8/21 and LS8/24 were synthesised, characterised and tested. Results indicate that the combos TMZ or TMZ Ac with LS6/42, as well as the corresponding LS8/24, are more efficacious in reducing U87MG cell proliferation with respect to reference drugs, allowing a possible reduction of the TMZ dosage and related side effects in clinical practice. The chemical and enzymatic stability of the most potent codrug LS8/24 was evaluated. The observed high potency performed by both combos and LS8/24 in cells suggests that HO-1 inhibition may give additional contribution to the antiproliferative effect of TMZ.

血红素加氧酶-1（HO-1）参与了胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）的致癌过程。在这项工作中，我们首次研究了HO-1抑制剂SI1/09或LS6/42与替莫唑胺（TMZ）或替莫唑胺酸（TMZ Ac）联合用药（combo）如何影响U87MG GBM细胞系的增殖。此外，还合成、表征和测试了两种新型 TMZ/HO-1 抑制剂复方药物 LS8/21 和 LS8/24。结果表明，与参考药物相比，TMZ 或 TMZ Ac 与 LS6/42 以及相应的 LS8/24 复方制剂能更有效地减少 U87MG 细胞的增殖，从而在临床实践中减少 TMZ 的用量和相关副作用。研究人员评估了药效最强的同系物 LS8/24 的化学稳定性和酶稳定性。在细胞中观察到的复方药物和 LS8/24 的高效力表明，HO-1 抑制可能会对 TMZ 的抗增殖作用做出额外贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Biological properties and in silico studies of thiazolopyrimidine derivatives active against visceral and cutaneous Leishmania spp. amastigote forms 噻唑并嘧啶衍生物对内脏和皮肤利什曼原虫非主形态的生物特性和硅学研究

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100228

Gulsah Bayraktar , Pascal Marchand , Euzébio Guimarães Barbosa , Marilia Cecilia da Silva , Karen Cacilda Weber , Sandrine Cojean , Merve Saylam , Huseyin Istanbullu

Visceral leishmaniasis, the most severe form of the disease, is caused by L. donovani and L. infantum parasites; cutaneous leishmaniasis is the most common endemic form of leishmaniasis and mainly caused by L. tropica and L. major. We have previously described a series of thiazolopyrimidine derivatives and reported their antipromastigote activities against various parasites. In this study, we also investigated their activities against L. donovani and L. major axenic amastigotes, intramacrophage amastigotes and cytotoxicity on macrophages to assess selectivity. As a result, five of the compounds tested showed no cytotoxicity on the macrophage cell line; their anti-amastigote activity was close to the positive control, miltefosine. These results confirm the antileishmanial activity of the thiazolopyrimidine scaffold and demonstrate that this may be a starting point for the generation of new lead compounds for treating visceral leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis. To elucidate the mechanism of action, we also performed several ligand- and structure-based in silico studies.

内脏利什曼病是最严重的利什曼病，由唐诺瓦尼氏菌和婴儿利什曼病寄生虫引起；皮肤利什曼病是最常见的地方性利什曼病，主要由热带利什曼病和主要利什曼病寄生虫引起。我们以前曾描述过一系列噻唑并嘧啶衍生物，并报道了它们对各种寄生虫的抗原体活性。在这项研究中，我们还研究了它们对唐诺沃尼氏原虫和大原虫腋生母细胞、巨噬细胞内母细胞的活性以及对巨噬细胞的细胞毒性，以评估其选择性。结果表明，所测试的化合物中有五种对巨噬细胞系没有细胞毒性；其抗母细胞活性接近阳性对照米替福新。这些结果证实了噻唑并嘧啶支架的抗利什曼病活性，并表明这可能是产生治疗内脏利什曼病和皮肤利什曼病的新先导化合物的起点。为了阐明其作用机制，我们还进行了几项配体和结构方面的硅学研究。

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引用次数: 0

Combinational delivery of berbamine and 5-fluorouracil in cerium oxide nanoparticles for colon cancer therapy: Insights from in vitro and in silico studies 氧化铈纳米颗粒中的伯胺和 5-氟尿嘧啶联合给药用于结肠癌治疗：体外和硅学研究的启示

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100224

Sneha Shriparna Satpathy , Sweta Mishra , Saswati Pattnaik, Chandana Mohanty

Colon cancer is traditionally treated by an antimetabolite drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU) but has been linked to several drawbacks and systemic toxicity. To overcome drug associated toxicity, combination therapy is a promising strategy that synergistically enhances the therapeutic effects of co-delivered drugs while minimizing administration doses. Therefore, the current study aims to investigate the anti-colon cancer potency of 5FU co-delivered with a phytochemical i.e., berbamine (BERB) in a Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs) delivery system. CONPs loaded 5FU (5FU-CONPs) and BERB (BERB-CONPs) were prepared and characterized using different analytical techniques. Successful entrapment of both drugs into CONPs formulations was detected under X-ray diffraction (XRD) observations. Drug-loaded CONPs in combination showed effective anti-oxidant activity by preventing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generations and had superior cytotoxic effects on HT-29 cell lines compared to treatment with native drugs singly or in combination. They also triggered apoptosis through p21, p53, Bax upregulation, and Bcl-2 downregulation, as confirmed by western blot studies. Additionally, in silico analysis was performed using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) to validate the in vitro results. Results of the study suggest that 5FU and BERB CONPs in combination could be taken as a possible therapeutic approach for colon cancer treatment.

结肠癌的传统治疗方法是使用抗代谢药物 5-氟尿嘧啶（5FU），但这种疗法存在一些弊端和全身毒性。为了克服与药物相关的毒性，联合疗法是一种很有前景的策略，它能协同增强联合给药的治疗效果，同时最大限度地减少给药剂量。因此，本研究旨在探讨在氧化铈纳米颗粒（CONPs）给药系统中，5FU与植物化学物质小檗胺（BERB）联合给药的抗结肠癌效力。采用不同的分析技术制备了负载 5FU （5FU-CONPs）和 BERB （BERB-CONPs）的 CONPs，并对其进行了表征。通过 X 射线衍射 (XRD) 观察发现，这两种药物都成功地包载到了 CONPs 制剂中。通过阻止活性氧（ROS）的生成，药物负载 CONPs 组合显示出有效的抗氧化活性，与单用或联合使用原生药物相比，它们对 HT-29 细胞株具有更优越的细胞毒性作用。它们还通过 p21、p53、Bax 的上调和 Bcl-2 的下调触发细胞凋亡，这一点已被 Western 印迹研究证实。此外，研究人员还利用分子对接和分子动力学模拟（MDS）进行了硅学分析，以验证体外实验结果。研究结果表明，5FU 和 BERB CONPs 联用可作为治疗结肠癌的一种可能方法。

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引用次数: 0

Anticancer α-, γ-, and δ-carboline derivatives: structures, mechanisms of action, and SARs 抗癌 α-、γ- 和 δ-咔啉衍生物：结构、作用机制和 SARs

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry Reports

Pub Date : 2024-10-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmcr.2024.100221

Jingliang Cui, Wanru Gao, Ziwei Liu, Shuang Cao, Sihui Long

Carboline consists of a pyridine ring fused with an indole skeleton, and it serves as a potential drug scaffold. Depending on the relative position of the pyridine N to the indole N, carbolines can be categorized into α-, β-, γ-, and δ-subfamilies. They have diverse pharmacological activities, such as anticancer, antimalaria, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-Alzheimer's disease, etc. Among them, β-carbolines are the most widely studied and are also well reviewed. Herein, we review the anticancer activity of α-, γ-, and δ-carboline natural products and their synthetic derivatives, as they provide new inroads for cancer therapy. Particularly, we highlight the new derivatives of α-, γ-, and δ-carboline with anticancer activity, and their anticancer mechanisms, as well as structure-activity relationship. Meanwhile, we propose strategies for the development of new α-, γ-, and δ-carboline derivatives for cancer therapy.

咔啉由吡啶环与吲哚骨架融合而成，是一种潜在的药物支架。根据吡啶 N 与吲哚 N 的相对位置，咔啉可分为 α-、β-、γ- 和 δ 亚家族。它们具有多种药理活性，如抗癌、抗疟疾、抗菌、抗真菌、抗老年痴呆症等。其中，β-咔啉类化合物的研究最为广泛，综述也较多。在此，我们综述了 α-、γ- 和 δ-咔啉类天然产物及其合成衍生物的抗癌活性，因为它们为癌症治疗提供了新的途径。我们特别强调了具有抗癌活性的α-、γ-和δ-咔啉的新衍生物及其抗癌机制和结构-活性关系。同时，提出了开发新的α-、γ-和δ-咔啉衍生物用于癌症治疗的策略。

引用次数: 0