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Characterising and preventing the gut microbiota's inactivation of trifluridine, a colorectal cancer drug 研究肠道微生物群对大肠癌药物三氟尿苷的灭活特性并加以预防。
IF 4.3 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106922
Laura E. McCoubrey , Chenghao Shen , Sydney Mwasambu , Alessia Favaron , Nannapat Sangfuang , Stavrina Thomaidou , Mine Orlu , Daniel Globisch , Abdul W. Basit
The gut microbiome can metabolise hundreds of drugs, potentially affecting their bioavailability and pharmacological effect. As most gut bacteria reside in the colon, drugs that reach the colon in significant proportions may be most impacted by microbiome metabolism. In this study the anti-colorectal cancer drug trifluridine was used as a model drug for characterising metabolism by the colonic microbiota, identifying correlations between bacterial species and individuals’ rates of microbiome drug inactivation, and developing strategies to prevent drug inactivation following targeted colonic delivery. High performance liquid chromatography and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution tandem mass spectrometry demonstrated trifluridine's variable and multi-route metabolism by the faecal microbiota sourced from six healthy humans. Here, four drug metabolites were linked to the microbiome for the first time. Metagenomic sequencing of the human microbiota samples revealed their composition, which facilitated prediction of individual donors’ microbial trifluridine inactivation. Notably, the abundance of Clostridium perfringens strongly correlated with the extent of trifluridine inactivation by microbiota samples after 2 hours (R2 = 0.8966). Finally, several strategies were trialled for the prevention of microbial trifluridine metabolism. It was shown that uridine, a safe and well-tolerated molecule, significantly reduced the microbiota's metabolism of trifluridine by acting as a competitive enzyme inhibitor. Further, uridine was found to provide prebiotic effects. The findings in this study greatly expand knowledge on trifluridine's interactions with the gut microbiome and provide valuable insights for investigating the microbiome metabolism of other drugs. The results demonstrate how protection strategies could enhance the colonic stability of microbiome-sensitive drugs.
肠道微生物群能代谢数百种药物,可能会影响药物的生物利用度和药理作用。由于大多数肠道细菌居住在结肠中,因此大量进入结肠的药物可能受微生物群代谢的影响最大。在这项研究中,抗结直肠癌药物曲氟尿苷被用作模型药物,用于描述结肠微生物群代谢的特征,确定细菌种类与个体微生物群药物失活率之间的相关性,并制定策略防止药物在结肠靶向给药后失活。高效液相色谱法和超高效液相色谱法结合高分辨率串联质谱法证明,来自六名健康人的粪便微生物群对曲氟苷进行了多变和多途径的代谢。在这里,首次将四种药物代谢物与微生物组联系起来。人类微生物群样本的元基因组测序揭示了它们的组成,这有助于预测个体供体的微生物对曲氟啶的灭活作用。值得注意的是,产气荚膜梭菌的丰度与微生物群样本 2 小时后灭活三氟尿苷的程度密切相关(R2 = 0.8966)。最后,试验了几种防止微生物代谢三氟尿嘧啶的策略。结果表明,尿苷作为一种安全且耐受性良好的分子,可作为一种竞争性酶抑制剂,显著降低微生物群对三氟尿苷的代谢。此外,研究还发现尿苷具有益生作用。这项研究的发现大大扩展了人们对曲氟啶与肠道微生物群相互作用的认识,并为研究其他药物的微生物群代谢提供了宝贵的见解。研究结果表明,保护策略可以提高对微生物敏感的药物在结肠中的稳定性。
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引用次数: 0
Pharmacodynamic insights into maresin 1: Enhancing flap viability via the keap1/Nrf2 axis to control ROS-driven apoptosis and ferroptosis 对 Maresin 1 的药效学见解:通过 Keap1/Nrf2 轴增强皮瓣活力,控制 ROS 驱动的细胞凋亡和铁凋亡。
IF 4.3 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106923
Pin Fang , Sheng Cheng , Yingying Lai , Xianhui Ma , Keyu Lu , Jingzhou Lu , Guangyao Li , Enhui Yang , Ningning Yang , Weiyang Gao , Renhao Jiang
Random flaps are widely used in tissue reconstruction, but the high incidence of flap necrosis after operation remains a significant challenge. Maresin 1 (MaR1), a mediator derived from docosahexaenoic acid, has been shown to have significant effects in resolving inflammation and promoting tissue regeneration. This study investigated the role of MaR1 in the survival of random flaps. Histological analysis, laser Doppler blood flow imaging, Masson trichrome staining, and survival area analysis were used to assess the viability of the flaps. Apoptosis, ferroptosis, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and the underlying mechanisms were explored by examining the expression of specific molecules using immunofluorescence, western blotting, and other immunological and molecular biology techniques. The findings demonstrated that MaR1 could improve flap lifespan by significantly reducing oxidative stress, apoptosis, and ferroptosis, as well as by enhancing angiogenesis. The Keap1-Nrf2 pathway was upregulated by MaR1, which inhibited ROS-mediated apoptosis and ferroptosis. The protective effect of MaR1 on flap survival was abolished by ML385. Our findings indicate that MaR1 could be a novel therapeutic agent for enhancing flap treatment outcomes.
随机皮瓣被广泛应用于组织重建,但术后皮瓣坏死的高发生率仍是一个重大挑战。Maresin 1(MaR1)是从二十二碳六烯酸中提取的一种介质,已被证明在消除炎症和促进组织再生方面具有显著效果。本研究调查了 MaR1 在随机皮瓣存活中的作用。组织学分析、激光多普勒血流成像、Masson 三色染色和存活面积分析被用来评估皮瓣的存活率。通过使用免疫荧光、Western 印迹及其他免疫学和分子生物学技术检测特定分子的表达,探讨了细胞凋亡、铁变态反应、氧化应激、血管生成及其内在机制。研究结果表明,MaR1能显著降低氧化应激、细胞凋亡和铁蛋白沉积,并能促进血管生成,从而延长瓣膜的寿命。MaR1上调了Keap1-Nrf2通路,从而抑制了ROS介导的细胞凋亡和铁凋亡。ML385可取消MaR1对皮瓣存活的保护作用。我们的研究结果表明,MaR1可作为一种新型治疗药物,提高皮瓣治疗效果。
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引用次数: 0
Discovery of organosulfur-based selective HDAC8 inhibitors with anti-neuroblastoma activity 发现具有抗神经母细胞瘤活性的有机硫基选择性 HDAC8 抑制剂。
IF 4.3 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106921
Hyewon Cho , Eun Lee , Jisoo Kim , Soojeong Shin , Yoon-Jung Kim , Heejin Lee , Ji Hoon Yu , Yong Hyun Jeon , Sang Wu Lee , So Young Lee , Ki Whan Park , Jong Soon Kang , So Hee Kwon , Yonjung Kim , Raok Jeon
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are important epigenetic regulators of gene expression and various cellular processes, and are potential targets for anticancer therapy. In particular, HDAC8 is a promising therapeutic target for childhood neuroblastoma. To date, five HDAC inhibitors have been approved as anticancer drugs; however, all are non-selective HDAC inhibitors with various side effects. Furthermore, many promising HDAC inhibitors incorporate hydroxamic acid as a zinc binding group (ZBG), which may be associated with toxicity. Therefore, identification of isoform-selective HDAC inhibitors with novel ZBG is crucial. Here, a series of sulfur-based selective HDAC8 inhibitors featuring a novel ZBG were identified by modifying the early hit, ajoene, a component of garlic. Structure-activity relationship studies uncovered potent and selective HDAC8 inhibitors, and docking studies provided a structural rationale for HDAC8 inhibitory activity. One of the potent compounds, (Z)-1-phenyl-7-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2,3,7-trithiahepta-4-ene-7-oxide (15c), exhibited antiproliferative activity, with a GI50 of 2 µM, against neuroblastoma cell lines. 15c also showed significant in vivo efficacy in a neuroblastoma BE(2)-C xenograft model.
组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)是基因表达和各种细胞过程的重要表观遗传调节因子,也是抗癌治疗的潜在靶点。其中,HDAC8 是治疗儿童神经母细胞瘤的一个很有前景的靶点。迄今为止,已有五种 HDAC 抑制剂被批准为抗癌药物,但它们都是具有各种副作用的非选择性 HDAC 抑制剂。此外,许多有前景的 HDAC 抑制剂都含有羟肟酸作为锌结合基团(ZBG),这可能与毒性有关。因此,鉴定具有新型 ZBG 的同工酶选择性 HDAC 抑制剂至关重要。在这里,通过对早期发现的大蒜成分琼脂进行修饰,发现了一系列以新型 ZBG 为特征的硫基选择性 HDAC8 抑制剂。结构-活性关系研究发现了强效和选择性 HDAC8 抑制剂,对接研究为 HDAC8 抑制活性提供了结构依据。其中一种强效化合物(Z)-1-苯基-7-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2,3,7-三硫杂庚烷-4-烯-7-氧化物(15c)对神经母细胞瘤细胞系具有抗增殖活性,其 GI50 为 2 µM。15c 还在神经母细胞瘤 BE(2)-C 异种移植模型中显示出显著的体内疗效。
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引用次数: 0
A new cannabigerol derivative, LE-127/2, induces autophagy mediated cell death in human cutaneous melanoma cells 一种新型大麻酚衍生物 LE-127/2 能诱导人类皮肤黑色素瘤细胞自噬介导的细胞死亡。
IF 4.3 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106920
Ágnes Tósaki , Zsuzsanna Szabó , József Király , Eszter Boglárka Lőrincz , Virág Vass , Bence Tánczos , Ilona Bereczki , Pál Herczegh , Éva Remenyik , Árpád Tósaki , Erzsébet Szabó
Despite the targeted- and immunotherapies used in the past decade, survival rate among patients with metastatic melanoma remains low, therefore, melanoma is responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. The ongoing investigation of natural antitumor agents, the nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, cannabigerol (CBG) found in Cannabis sativa is emerging as a promising candidate. CBG offers a potential therapeutic role in the treatment of melanoma demonstrating cell growth inhibition in some tumors. Its low water solubility and bioavailability hinder the potential effectiveness. To address these challenges, a modified CBG, namely LE-127/2 was synthesized by Mannich-type reaction. The aim was to investigate the effect of this novel compound on cell proliferation as well as the mechanism of cell death with a particular focus on autophagy and apoptosis. Human cutan melanoma cell lines, WM35, A2058 and WM3000 were utilized for the present study. Cell proliferation of the cells after the treatment with LE-127/2, parent CBG or vemurafenib was assessed by Cell Titer Blue Assay. Cells were treated with a 1.25–80 µM of the above-mentioned compounds, and it was found that at 20 μM of all drugs showed a comparable effective inhibition of cell proliferation, however, vemurafenib and CBG proved to be more effective than LE-127/2. In addition, clonogenic cell survival assays were performed to examine the inhibitory effect of LE-127/2 on the colony formation ability of melanoma cell lines. Cells treated with 20 µM of LE-127/2 for 14 days showed about a 50% suppression of clonogenic cell survival. LE-127/2 exerted the most intensive inhibition on A2058 cell colonies. Furthermore, notably, LDH cytotoxicity assay performed on HaCaT cell line, proved LE-127/2 to be cytotoxic only at higher concentration, such as 80 μM, while the parent CBG was cytotoxic at concentration as low as 5 μM, suggesting that the new CBG derivative as a drug candidate may be applied in human pharmacotherapy without causing a substantial damage in intact epidermal cells. Analysis of protein expression revealed the impact of LE-127/2 on the expression of basic proteins (LC-3, Beclin-1 and p62) involved in the process of autophagy in the three different melanoma cell lines studied. Elevated expression of these proteins was detected as a result of LE-127/2 (20 µM) treatment. LE-127/2 also induced the expression of some proteins involved in apoptosis, and it is particularly noteworthy the increased level of cleaved PARP. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that LE-127/2 induced autophagy could lead to the inhibition of cell proliferation and death in melanoma cells.
尽管在过去十年中使用了靶向疗法和免疫疗法,但转移性黑色素瘤患者的存活率仍然很低,因此,黑色素瘤是造成大多数皮肤癌相关死亡的原因。目前正在对天然抗肿瘤药物进行研究,从大麻中发现的非精神活性大麻素大麻酚(CBG)正在成为一种有希望的候选药物。CBG 在治疗黑色素瘤方面具有潜在的治疗作用,对某些肿瘤的细胞生长具有抑制作用。但它的水溶性和生物利用度较低,阻碍了其潜在疗效。为了应对这些挑战,我们通过曼尼希式反应合成了一种改性 CBG,即 LE-127/2。我们的目的是研究这种新型化合物对细胞增殖以及细胞死亡机制的影响,尤其是自噬和细胞凋亡。本研究采用了人类切口黑色素瘤细胞系 WM35、A2058 和 WM3000。用细胞滴度蓝测定法评估细胞在接受 LE-127/2、母本 CBG 或 vemurafenib 处理后的增殖情况。用 1.25-80 µM 的上述化合物处理细胞后发现,在 20 μM 的浓度下,所有药物对细胞增殖的抑制效果相当,但是,事实证明,vemurafenib 和 CBG 比 LE-127/2 更有效。此外,还进行了克隆形成细胞存活试验,以检测LE-127/2对黑色素瘤细胞株集落形成能力的抑制作用。用20 µM的LE-127/2处理细胞14天后,克隆形成细胞存活率下降了约50%。LE-127/2 对 A2058 细胞集落的抑制作用最强。此外,值得注意的是,对 HaCaT 细胞系进行的 LDH 细胞毒性实验证明,LE-127/2 只有在较高浓度(如 80 μM)时才具有细胞毒性,而母体 CBG 在低至 5 μM 的浓度下就具有细胞毒性,这表明新的 CBG 衍生物作为候选药物可用于人体药物治疗,而不会对完整的表皮细胞造成实质性损伤。蛋白质表达分析表明,LE-127/2 对所研究的三种不同黑色素瘤细胞系中参与自噬过程的基本蛋白质(LC-3、Beclin-1 和 p62)的表达产生了影响。经 LE-127/2(20 µM)处理后,检测到这些蛋白的表达升高。LE-127/2 还诱导了一些参与细胞凋亡的蛋白质的表达,尤其值得注意的是,PARP 的裂解水平有所提高。根据所获得的结果,可以得出结论:LE-127/2诱导的自噬作用可以抑制黑色素瘤细胞的增殖和死亡。
{"title":"A new cannabigerol derivative, LE-127/2, induces autophagy mediated cell death in human cutaneous melanoma cells","authors":"Ágnes Tósaki ,&nbsp;Zsuzsanna Szabó ,&nbsp;József Király ,&nbsp;Eszter Boglárka Lőrincz ,&nbsp;Virág Vass ,&nbsp;Bence Tánczos ,&nbsp;Ilona Bereczki ,&nbsp;Pál Herczegh ,&nbsp;Éva Remenyik ,&nbsp;Árpád Tósaki ,&nbsp;Erzsébet Szabó","doi":"10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106920","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106920","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Despite the targeted- and immunotherapies used in the past decade, survival rate among patients with metastatic melanoma remains low, therefore, melanoma is responsible for the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. The ongoing investigation of natural antitumor agents, the nonpsychoactive cannabinoid, cannabigerol (CBG) found in <em>Cannabis sativa</em> is emerging as a promising candidate. CBG offers a potential therapeutic role in the treatment of melanoma demonstrating cell growth inhibition in some tumors. Its low water solubility and bioavailability hinder the potential effectiveness. To address these challenges, a modified CBG, namely LE-127/2 was synthesized by Mannich-type reaction. The aim was to investigate the effect of this novel compound on cell proliferation as well as the mechanism of cell death with a particular focus on autophagy and apoptosis. Human cutan melanoma cell lines, WM35, A2058 and WM3000 were utilized for the present study. Cell proliferation of the cells after the treatment with LE-127/2, parent CBG or vemurafenib was assessed by Cell Titer Blue Assay. Cells were treated with a 1.25–80 µM of the above-mentioned compounds, and it was found that at 20 μM of all drugs showed a comparable effective inhibition of cell proliferation, however, vemurafenib and CBG proved to be more effective than LE-127/2. In addition, clonogenic cell survival assays were performed to examine the inhibitory effect of LE-127/2 on the colony formation ability of melanoma cell lines. Cells treated with 20 µM of LE-127/2 for 14 days showed about a 50% suppression of clonogenic cell survival. LE-127/2 exerted the most intensive inhibition on A2058 cell colonies. Furthermore, notably, LDH cytotoxicity assay performed on HaCaT cell line, proved LE-127/2 to be cytotoxic only at higher concentration, such as 80 μM, while the parent CBG was cytotoxic at concentration as low as 5 μM, suggesting that the new CBG derivative as a drug candidate may be applied in human pharmacotherapy without causing a substantial damage in intact epidermal cells. Analysis of protein expression revealed the impact of LE-127/2 on the expression of basic proteins (LC-3, Beclin-1 and p62) involved in the process of autophagy in the three different melanoma cell lines studied. Elevated expression of these proteins was detected as a result of LE-127/2 (20 µM) treatment. LE-127/2 also induced the expression of some proteins involved in apoptosis, and it is particularly noteworthy the increased level of cleaved PARP. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that LE-127/2 induced autophagy could lead to the inhibition of cell proliferation and death in melanoma cells.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12018,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences","volume":"203 ","pages":"Article 106920"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364862","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Development of intestinal colonic drug delivery systems for diverticular disease: A QbD approach 开发治疗憩室疾病的肠道结肠给药系统:一种 QbD 方法。
IF 4.3 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106918
Roberto Arévalo-Pérez , Cristina Maderuelo , José M. Lanao
This study aimed to advance the development of intestinal colon-coated sustained-release matrix tablets of metronidazole for diverticulitis treatment, employing the Quality by Design (QbD) methodology. Comprehensive Risk analysis and Risk evaluation were conducted to assess the potential risks associated with Critical Material Attributes (CMA) and Critical Process Parameters (CPP). Ishikawa diagram, color-coded risk classification and the Risk Priority Number (RPN) were used as tools for risk evaluation. A Design of Experiments (DoE) was executed using a fractional factorial design, incorporating five key factors derived from the Risk analysis and Risk evaluation. Two levels and a central point were established for each factor, resulting in 28 batches of coated tablets. The manufacturing process involved direct compression, followed by a coating process using pH-dependent or time-dependent polymers. Characterization and dissolution studies were conducted on all batches, and the obtained results underwent analysis of variance (ANOVA).
The findings demonstrated the robustness and reproducibility of both the direct compression and coating processes. Statistical analysis identified HPMC/chitosan ratio, blending time, coating polymer, and coating weight gain as factors significantly impacting drug release. A Design Space was established to delineate the interplay of these factors, offering insights into various combinations influencing drug release behavior. Thus, the design space for 10 % weight gain formulations includes a range of HPMC/CH ratios between 2.7–3 and mixing times between 10 and 12 min; for 20 % weight gain formulations it includes a range of HPMC/CH ratios up to 2 and mixing times between 10 and 16 min. Multiple Linear Regression between technological and biopharmaceutical variables were optimized facilitating scale-up operations. Batches with a 10 % weight increase and varied HPMC viscosity grades and coating polymers achieve ∼50 % drug release at 24 h; however, batches with a 20 % weight increase along, with either high proportions of HPMC and short blending times or low proportions of HPMC and longer blending times, achieve slow release of metronidazole. This study contributes to optimizing metronidazole colonic delivery systems, enhancing their potential efficacy in diverticulitis treatment.
本研究旨在采用质量源于设计(QbD)方法,推进用于治疗憩室炎的甲硝唑肠道结肠包衣缓释基质片的开发。研究人员进行了全面的风险分析和风险评估,以评估与关键材料属性(CMA)和关键工艺参数(CPP)相关的潜在风险。石川图、彩色编码风险分类和风险优先序号 (RPN) 被用作风险评估的工具。实验设计(DoE)采用分数因子设计,纳入了从风险分析和风险评估中得出的五个关键因素。为每个因素确定了两个水平和一个中心点,最终确定了 28 个批次的包衣片剂。生产工艺包括直接压片,然后使用随 pH 值变化或随时间变化的聚合物进行包衣。对所有批次进行了表征和溶出研究,并对所得结果进行了方差分析(ANOVA)。研究结果表明,直接压缩和包衣工艺都具有稳健性和可重复性。统计分析表明,HPMC/壳聚糖比例、混合时间、包衣聚合物和包衣增重是影响药物释放的重要因素。建立了一个设计空间来描述这些因素之间的相互作用,以便深入了解影响药物释放行为的各种组合。因此,增重 10%配方的设计空间包括 2.7-3 之间的 HPMC/CH 比率和 10-12 分钟之间的混合时间;增重 20%配方的设计空间包括高达 2 的 HPMC/CH 比率和 10-16 分钟之间的混合时间。对技术和生物制药变量之间的多重线性回归进行了优化,以促进放大操作。重量增加 10%、HPMC 粘度等级和包衣聚合物不同的批次在 24 小时内药物释放量达到 50%;然而,重量增加 20%、HPMC 比例高、混合时间短或 HPMC 比例低、混合时间长的批次,甲硝唑释放缓慢。这项研究有助于优化甲硝唑结肠给药系统,提高其治疗憩室炎的潜在疗效。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of polymer combinations in vaginal mucoadhesive tablets for the extended release of acyclovir 评估用于阿昔洛韦缓释的阴道粘液片中的聚合物组合。
IF 4.3 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106919
Laura Martín-Bartolomé , Roberto Ruiz-Caro , María Dolores Veiga , Fernando Notario-Pérez
Genital herpes, caused by herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), affects nearly 500 million people, mostly women. Since the main route of transmission is sexual contact, the development of an acyclovir extended-release vaginal microbicide would be a suitable tool for the prevention of virus transmission. In this work, we evaluated the potential of three polymers with different characteristics (chitosan, xanthan gum and ethyl cellulose) for obtaining acyclovir extended-release vaginal tablets. By combining the polymers, certain useful synergies were observed to modify their mucoadhesive capacity and control drug release. In the swelling studies, it observed that a polyelectrolyte complex with more moderate swelling and sustained gelation was formed between chitosan and xanthan gum exclusively in acidic medium (simulated vaginal fluid). This complex allowed prolonging the mucoadhesion of the tablets in ex vivo studies performed with vaginal mucosa, which would translate into better retention in the vagina after administration. In addition, the combination of chitosan and xanthan gum allowed obtaining a controlled release of acyclovir for 5 days, regardless of the pH of the medium, which would guarantee that drug release continues even in the presence of seminal fluid.
由 2 型单纯疱疹病毒(HSV-2)引起的生殖器疱疹影响着近 5 亿人,其中大部分是妇女。由于传播的主要途径是性接触,因此开发阿昔洛韦缓释阴道杀菌剂将是预防病毒传播的合适工具。在这项工作中,我们评估了三种具有不同特性的聚合物(壳聚糖、黄原胶和乙基纤维素)在获得阿昔洛韦缓释阴道片剂方面的潜力。通过组合这些聚合物,观察到了某些有用的协同作用,以改变其粘附能力并控制药物释放。在溶胀研究中发现,壳聚糖和黄原胶在酸性介质(模拟阴道液)中形成的聚电解质复合物具有更温和的溶胀和持续的凝胶作用。在对阴道粘膜进行的体内外研究中,这种复合物可延长药片的粘附性,从而在用药后更好地保留在阴道中。此外,壳聚糖和黄原胶的结合还能使阿昔洛韦在 5 天内得到控制释放,而不受介质 pH 值的影响,这就保证了即使在有精液存在的情况下也能继续释放药物。
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引用次数: 0
Multi-physics numerical simulation study on thermo-sensitive gel delivery for a local post-tumor surgery treatment 用于肿瘤术后局部治疗的热敏凝胶输送多物理场数值模拟研究
IF 4.3 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106917
Álvaro González-Garcinuño , Antonio Tabernero , Marcos Blanco-López , Eva Martín del Valle , Sasa Kenjeres
Numerous studies in the literature have proposed the use of thermo-responsive hydrogels for filling cavities after tumor resection. However, optimizing the injection process is challenging due to the complex interplay of various multi-physics phenomena, such as the coupling of flow and heat transfer, multi-phase interactions, and phase-change dynamics. Therefore, gaining a fundamental understanding of these processes is crucial. In this study, we introduce a thermo-sensitive hydrogel formulated with poloxamer 407 and Gellan gum as a promising filling agent, offering an ideal phase-transition temperature along with suitable elastic and viscous modulus properties.
We performed multi-physics simulations to predict the flow and temperature distributions during hydrogel injection. The results suggested that the hydrogel should be kept at 4 °C and injected within 90 s to avoid reaching the transition temperature. Cavity filling simulations indicated a symmetric distribution of the hydrogel, with minimal influence from the syringe's position.
The temperature gradient at the cavity edge delays gelation during injection, which is essential to guarantee its administration as a liquid. The hydrogel's viscosity follows a sigmoidal function relative to temperature, taking five minutes to reach its maximum value. In summary, the multi-physics simulations carried out in this study confirm the potential of thermo-responsive hydrogels for use in post-tumor surgery treatment and define the conditions for a proper administration. Furthermore, the proposed model can be widely applied to other thermo-responsive hydrogels or under different conditions.
许多文献研究都提出使用热响应水凝胶来填充肿瘤切除后的空腔。然而,由于各种多物理现象的复杂相互作用,如流动与传热的耦合、多相相互作用和相变动力学,优化注射过程具有挑战性。因此,从根本上了解这些过程至关重要。在本研究中,我们介绍了一种热敏水凝胶,它由聚氧乙烯-407 和结冷胶配制而成,是一种很有前景的填充剂,具有理想的相变温度以及合适的弹性和粘性模量特性。我们进行了多物理场模拟,以预测水凝胶注射过程中的流动和温度分布。结果表明,水凝胶应保持在 4°C,并在 90 秒内注入,以避免达到转变温度。空腔填充模拟表明,水凝胶呈对称分布,注射器位置的影响极小。空腔边缘的温度梯度延迟了注射过程中的凝胶化,这对于保证水凝胶作为液体给药至关重要。水凝胶的粘度随温度变化呈曲线函数关系,五分钟后达到最大值。总之,本研究中进行的多物理场模拟证实了热响应水凝胶在肿瘤术后治疗中的应用潜力,并确定了适当给药的条件。此外,所提出的模型可广泛应用于其他热响应水凝胶或不同条件下。
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引用次数: 0
Stability evaluation from hydrogen peroxide spiking studies 从过氧化氢加标研究中评估稳定性。
IF 4.3 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106916
Alexandra H. Heussner, Marlene Hermann , Melanie Zerulla-Wernitz
The ability to detect traces of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in water is an important prerequisite to ensure a safe and reliable use of H2O2 for isolator or cleanroom sanitization. While the residual airborne H2O2 concentration can be easily monitored, detection of trace H2O2 residues in aseptically filled drug products is challenging. In an industrial setting, samples must be pulled, handled, stored, and transported before analysis takes place. Therefore, knowledge about the analyte stability in the relevant matrix is crucial to ensure correct results.
The objective of this study was to provide stability data for the analyte at low concentrations and in aqueous solutions. For this, H2O2 was spiked into four different aqueous matrices at two different concentrations and stored up to 60 days at four different storage temperatures. The tested matrices included water, buffer, and an exemplary excipient solution with and without additional protein.
A developmental quantitative, fluorometric Amplex UltraRed assay was applied for analysis. The results show clearly, that of the four storage temperatures investigated, only -80 °C resulted in reasonably good recovery of the spiked H2O2 content within two weeks or even up to two months of storage.
检测水中痕量过氧化氢(H2O2)的能力是确保安全可靠地使用 H2O2 进行隔离器或洁净室消毒的重要先决条件。虽然空气中残留的 H2O2 浓度很容易监测,但无菌灌装药品中痕量 H2O2 残留的检测却很困难。在工业环境中,在进行分析之前必须提取、处理、储存和运输样品。因此,了解分析物在相关基质中的稳定性对于确保结果正确至关重要。本研究的目的是提供分析物在低浓度水溶液中的稳定性数据。为此,在四种不同的水溶液基质中添加了两种不同浓度的 H2O2,并在四种不同的储存温度下储存长达 60 天。测试的基质包括水、缓冲液和含或不含额外蛋白质的示例溶液。分析中使用了发展定量荧光测定法 Amplex UltraRed。结果清楚地表明,在调查的四种储存温度中,只有 -80°C 能在两周甚至长达两个月的储存时间内使加标 H2O2 的含量得到相当好的恢复。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation and application of population pharmacokinetic models for optimising linezolid treatment in non-adherence multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients 评估和应用群体药代动力学模型优化对不依从的耐多药结核病患者的利奈唑胺治疗
IF 4.3 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106915
Rong Li , Feng Sun , Zhen Feng , Yilin Zhang , Yuanbo Lan , Hongying Yu , Yang Li , Junjun Mao , Wenhong Zhang

Background

Population pharmacokinetic (popPK) models can optimise linezolid dosage regimens in patients with multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB); however, unknown cross-centre precision and poor adherence remain problematic. This study aimed to assess the predictive ability of published models and use the most suitable model to optimise dosage regimens and manage compliance.

Methods

One hundred fifty-eight linezolid plasma concentrations from 27 patients with MDR-TB were used to assess the predictive performance of published models. Prediction-based metrics and simulation-based visual predictive checks were conducted to evaluate predictive ability. Individualised remedial dosing regimens for various delayed scenarios were optimised using the most suitable model and Monte Carlo simulations. The influence of covariates, scheduled dosing intervals, and patient compliance were assessed.

Results

Seven popPK models were identified. Body weight and creatinine clearance were the most frequently identified covariates influencing linezolid clearance. The model with the best performance had a median prediction error (PE%) of -1.62 %, median absolute PE of 29.50 %, and percentages of PE within 20 % (F20, 36.97 %) and 30 % (F30, 51.26 %). Monte Carlo simulations indicated that a twice-daily 300 mg linezolid dose may be more efficient than 600 mg once daily. For the ‘typical’ patient treated with 300 mg twice daily, half the dosage should be taken after a delay of ≥ 3 h.

Conclusions

Monte Carlo simulations based on popPK models can propose remedial regimens for delayed doses of linezolid in patients with MDR-TB. Model-based compliance management patterns are useful for balancing efficacy, adverse reactions, and resistance suppression.
背景:群体药代动力学(popPK)模型可以优化耐多药结核病(MDR-TB)患者的利奈唑胺剂量方案;然而,跨中心精确性未知和依从性差仍是问题所在。本研究旨在评估已发表模型的预测能力,并使用最合适的模型来优化剂量方案和管理依从性:方法: 使用 27 名 MDR-TB 患者的 158 例利奈唑胺血浆浓度来评估已发表模型的预测性能。采用基于预测的指标和基于模拟的视觉预测检查来评估预测能力。利用最合适的模型和蒙特卡洛模拟优化了各种延迟情况下的个性化补救用药方案。评估了协变量、计划给药间隔和患者依从性的影响:结果:确定了七个 popPK 模型。体重和肌酐清除率是影响利奈唑胺清除率最常见的协变量。性能最好的模型的中位预测误差(PE%)为-1.62%,中位绝对预测误差为 29.50%,预测误差百分比在 20% (F20, 36.97%) 和 30% (F30, 51.26%) 以内。蒙特卡罗模拟显示,每天两次 300 毫克利奈唑胺的剂量可能比每天一次 600 毫克的剂量更有效。对于每日两次服用 300 毫克的 "典型 "患者,应在延迟≥ 3 小时后服用一半的剂量:基于 popPK 模型的蒙特卡罗模拟可为 MDR-TB 患者延迟服用利奈唑胺提出补救方案。基于模型的依从性管理模式有助于平衡疗效、不良反应和耐药性抑制。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to Novel analytical solutions for convolution in compartmental pharmacokinetic models and application to non-bioequivalent formulations [European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 202 (2024) 1–10/106892] 分区药代动力学模型中卷积的新型分析解决方案及其在非生物等效制剂中的应用[《欧洲药物科学杂志》202 (2024) 1-10/106892]的更正。
IF 4.3 3区 医学 Q1 PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY Pub Date : 2024-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2024.106909
Mauricio A. García , Pablo M. González , Alexis Aceituno , Jozef Al-Gousous
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引用次数: 0
期刊
European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
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