Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543030
Ana M. Martínez Sánchez, H. Salazar, C. A. S. Cortés
The world tendency to the rational and efficient management of energy resources and the discouragement in the use of high polluting fuels has posed a challenge to develop novel analytical methodologies that can be applied to the available resources. The operation planning of the electric and natural gas integrated system has an important role to create new solutions for the optimization of resources and existing infrastructures. The proper use of storage technologies can help to improve the integration between the electricity and gas systems, the optimal use of resources compensates seasonal variability between the availability of resources and demand. This paper shows that the geographical location of the UGS has a considerable impact on the policy in terms of how much natural gas-based power generation is produced and the total production cost of the integrated system. Numerical results confirm that a UGS can have the physical properties to store natural gas, but its location might cause a significant or insignificant impact on the system.
{"title":"The Impact of Natural Gas Storage Localization on an Integrated Energy System","authors":"Ana M. Martínez Sánchez, H. Salazar, C. A. S. Cortés","doi":"10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543030","url":null,"abstract":"The world tendency to the rational and efficient management of energy resources and the discouragement in the use of high polluting fuels has posed a challenge to develop novel analytical methodologies that can be applied to the available resources. The operation planning of the electric and natural gas integrated system has an important role to create new solutions for the optimization of resources and existing infrastructures. The proper use of storage technologies can help to improve the integration between the electricity and gas systems, the optimal use of resources compensates seasonal variability between the availability of resources and demand. This paper shows that the geographical location of the UGS has a considerable impact on the policy in terms of how much natural gas-based power generation is produced and the total production cost of the integrated system. Numerical results confirm that a UGS can have the physical properties to store natural gas, but its location might cause a significant or insignificant impact on the system.","PeriodicalId":120262,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America)","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132833415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9542998
Satyaki Banik, Md. Sadman Sakib, S. Chowdhury, Nahid-Al-Masood
The increasing incorporation of renewable energy into the electricity grid is making the grid vulnerable to any contingency as system inertia is decreasing gradually with the growing non-synchronous penetration. This growing proliferation of renewable energy challenges the secure operation of power system. This paper proposes an inertia constraint economic dispatch method which ensures the adequacy of minimum inertia at all dispatch periods. The proposed method protects the system during any contingency in terms of frequency stability. A significant improvement in system frequency nadir and RoCoF is shown, yet keeping enough headroom to provide primary frequency response to the system.
{"title":"Inertia Constrained Economic Dispatch in a Renewable Dominated Power System","authors":"Satyaki Banik, Md. Sadman Sakib, S. Chowdhury, Nahid-Al-Masood","doi":"10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9542998","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9542998","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing incorporation of renewable energy into the electricity grid is making the grid vulnerable to any contingency as system inertia is decreasing gradually with the growing non-synchronous penetration. This growing proliferation of renewable energy challenges the secure operation of power system. This paper proposes an inertia constraint economic dispatch method which ensures the adequacy of minimum inertia at all dispatch periods. The proposed method protects the system during any contingency in terms of frequency stability. A significant improvement in system frequency nadir and RoCoF is shown, yet keeping enough headroom to provide primary frequency response to the system.","PeriodicalId":120262,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128298032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543090
Laila Sindra Ribeiro, D. Simonetti
Three control approaches are analyzed to be used in the power factor control loop of a single-phase feeder by a STATCOM. For the inverter topology, a full-bridge T -leg is employed. PI controller, fuzzy controller and P&O controller are applied to the structure, and simulations considering light, medium and heavy loads as well as R, RL and RC loads are performed. Also, a non-linear load is considered. Results have shown that after some essays all control technique can be used but the fuzzy control is the best one.
{"title":"Evaluation of Three Control Aproaches for a Single-Phase Low-Voltage STATCOM","authors":"Laila Sindra Ribeiro, D. Simonetti","doi":"10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543090","url":null,"abstract":"Three control approaches are analyzed to be used in the power factor control loop of a single-phase feeder by a STATCOM. For the inverter topology, a full-bridge T -leg is employed. PI controller, fuzzy controller and P&O controller are applied to the structure, and simulations considering light, medium and heavy loads as well as R, RL and RC loads are performed. Also, a non-linear load is considered. Results have shown that after some essays all control technique can be used but the fuzzy control is the best one.","PeriodicalId":120262,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117325211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543056
R. I. da Silva, H. Tatizawa
By 2029, more than 21 GW of wind power capacity will be added in Brazil. The intermittency of this source and the capacity factor of wind farms are not being considered in the specification and design of the generator step-up (GSU) transformers collector. The use of high temperature insulation materials, mainly natural ester insulating liquid, allied with the consideration of a realistic loading profile, can help the optimization of the transformer size, allowing savings in the total losses in annual operating cycles, as well as savings in the initial transformer investment costs. The paper will present a proposal of new characteristics for the specification of GSU transformers for wind farms application.
{"title":"A Proposal of Natural Ester Immersed GSU Transformers for Better Efficiency of Wind Farms and Its Intermittences","authors":"R. I. da Silva, H. Tatizawa","doi":"10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543056","url":null,"abstract":"By 2029, more than 21 GW of wind power capacity will be added in Brazil. The intermittency of this source and the capacity factor of wind farms are not being considered in the specification and design of the generator step-up (GSU) transformers collector. The use of high temperature insulation materials, mainly natural ester insulating liquid, allied with the consideration of a realistic loading profile, can help the optimization of the transformer size, allowing savings in the total losses in annual operating cycles, as well as savings in the initial transformer investment costs. The paper will present a proposal of new characteristics for the specification of GSU transformers for wind farms application.","PeriodicalId":120262,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America)","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133984432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543021
Luis A. Paredes, M. Molina, B. Serrano
The rise of microgrid (MG) deployments in many countries worldwide are bringing different problems associated with their operation and control. MGs can be operated in two modes: grid-connected mode or islanded (autonomous) mode. When the MG isolation takes place, the system dynamics and control actions must respond safely and reliably so that its transition to the islanded operating mode can ensure the operational resilience. In this situation, FACTS (flexible ac transmission system) technology can be applied to ensure a good operational performance of the MG to mitigate problems related to voltage control and stability. In this paper, FACTS devices such as SVC (static Var compensator) and DSTATCOM (distribution static compensator) are comparatively studied in order to know the features and operational responses to improve the dynamic voltage stability (DVS) in the MG transition from the grid-tied to the isolated operation. Results obtained show that these FACTS devices operating in coordination with the MG distributed generation systems can improve considerably the DVS and operational resilience. Results are satisfactory and their improvements are presented through dynamic simulations in time domain and using proposed metrics related to the DVS and the MG operational resilience.
{"title":"Enhancing the Voltage Stability and Resilience of a Microgrid Using FACTS Devices","authors":"Luis A. Paredes, M. Molina, B. Serrano","doi":"10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543021","url":null,"abstract":"The rise of microgrid (MG) deployments in many countries worldwide are bringing different problems associated with their operation and control. MGs can be operated in two modes: grid-connected mode or islanded (autonomous) mode. When the MG isolation takes place, the system dynamics and control actions must respond safely and reliably so that its transition to the islanded operating mode can ensure the operational resilience. In this situation, FACTS (flexible ac transmission system) technology can be applied to ensure a good operational performance of the MG to mitigate problems related to voltage control and stability. In this paper, FACTS devices such as SVC (static Var compensator) and DSTATCOM (distribution static compensator) are comparatively studied in order to know the features and operational responses to improve the dynamic voltage stability (DVS) in the MG transition from the grid-tied to the isolated operation. Results obtained show that these FACTS devices operating in coordination with the MG distributed generation systems can improve considerably the DVS and operational resilience. Results are satisfactory and their improvements are presented through dynamic simulations in time domain and using proposed metrics related to the DVS and the MG operational resilience.","PeriodicalId":120262,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America)","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117177556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543069
F.O. Ramos, Aline Pinheiro, Rafael N. Lima, Martins M. B. Neto, Washigton A.S. Junior, Libina G. S. Bezerra
Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) can be a multiple application equipment for every electrical segment, that is, generation, transmission, and final customer. Although many similarities in the product design can be found, there are innumerous ways to adapt the operation routine through the Energy Management System (EMS) for each customer. In this work, a real case analysis of a BESS installed in a final customer is presented, providing services with the main purpose of reducing electricity charges and increasing reliability of energy supply. Three different load scenarios were tested (low, medium, and high) on the combination of the following operation modes: energy time shift, demand charge management, and reactive power control. As a result, the system was able to perform correctly since the controls and the system itself were properly designed. In order to understand those operation modes and their results, this paper shows a brief description of the BESS components and the local tariff structure is also detailed.
{"title":"A Real Case Analysis of a Battery Energy Storage System for Energy Time Shift, Demand Management, and Reactive Control","authors":"F.O. Ramos, Aline Pinheiro, Rafael N. Lima, Martins M. B. Neto, Washigton A.S. Junior, Libina G. S. Bezerra","doi":"10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543069","url":null,"abstract":"Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS) can be a multiple application equipment for every electrical segment, that is, generation, transmission, and final customer. Although many similarities in the product design can be found, there are innumerous ways to adapt the operation routine through the Energy Management System (EMS) for each customer. In this work, a real case analysis of a BESS installed in a final customer is presented, providing services with the main purpose of reducing electricity charges and increasing reliability of energy supply. Three different load scenarios were tested (low, medium, and high) on the combination of the following operation modes: energy time shift, demand charge management, and reactive power control. As a result, the system was able to perform correctly since the controls and the system itself were properly designed. In order to understand those operation modes and their results, this paper shows a brief description of the BESS components and the local tariff structure is also detailed.","PeriodicalId":120262,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131827042","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543053
P. Fernández-Porras, R. González-Solís, B. Molina-Guzmán
Distribution networks are exposed to new challenges due to the evolution of technology, requiring planning engineers to perform studies with greater regularity with more detailed electric models, to improve network decision-making processes. This paper proposes an approach to periodically build, a validated OpenDSS distribution network model for network planning, converting electric elements of Geographic Information System to Common Information Model files, which can be used to feed Distribution System Management and OpenDSS platforms, closing gaps between these two systems. The proposal enables a fast conversion of 100% of a distribution network, reducing time for decision making and giving more robustness to planning studies and further analysis. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in creating suitable and open-source network models, with high accuracy, for a variety of studies for network planning helping Smart Grid implementation and power quality enhancements.
{"title":"Distribution Network Planning for Smart Grids: CIM and OpenDSS as allies in the process","authors":"P. Fernández-Porras, R. González-Solís, B. Molina-Guzmán","doi":"10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543053","url":null,"abstract":"Distribution networks are exposed to new challenges due to the evolution of technology, requiring planning engineers to perform studies with greater regularity with more detailed electric models, to improve network decision-making processes. This paper proposes an approach to periodically build, a validated OpenDSS distribution network model for network planning, converting electric elements of Geographic Information System to Common Information Model files, which can be used to feed Distribution System Management and OpenDSS platforms, closing gaps between these two systems. The proposal enables a fast conversion of 100% of a distribution network, reducing time for decision making and giving more robustness to planning studies and further analysis. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in creating suitable and open-source network models, with high accuracy, for a variety of studies for network planning helping Smart Grid implementation and power quality enhancements.","PeriodicalId":120262,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128415335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543014
Darlene J. Dullius, A. L. De Souza, R. Tonkoski, Renzo Vargas, J. Melo
In recent years, utilities require microgrids connected to the medium voltage distribution network to correct power factor at the point of common coupling (PCC). This paper proposes an approach based on the golden search method and the Fibonacci search method to define the photovoltaic inverters' power factor at the low voltage side of the network to achieve adequate power factor at the microgrid PCC (medium voltage). The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated using a simulation benchmark implemented using the OpenDSS COM interface in Matlab. This simulation is based on a real microgrid located at the Federal University of ABC in Santo André, Brazil, that includes nine photovoltaic systems with a total capacity of 473 kVA. The results showed that utilizing the proposed approach in microgrids can avoid operating with low power factors.
{"title":"Power Factor Correction of MV Microgrids by Adjusting LV Photovoltaic Inverters","authors":"Darlene J. Dullius, A. L. De Souza, R. Tonkoski, Renzo Vargas, J. Melo","doi":"10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543014","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, utilities require microgrids connected to the medium voltage distribution network to correct power factor at the point of common coupling (PCC). This paper proposes an approach based on the golden search method and the Fibonacci search method to define the photovoltaic inverters' power factor at the low voltage side of the network to achieve adequate power factor at the microgrid PCC (medium voltage). The performance of the proposed approach is evaluated using a simulation benchmark implemented using the OpenDSS COM interface in Matlab. This simulation is based on a real microgrid located at the Federal University of ABC in Santo André, Brazil, that includes nine photovoltaic systems with a total capacity of 473 kVA. The results showed that utilizing the proposed approach in microgrids can avoid operating with low power factors.","PeriodicalId":120262,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America)","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121466425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543041
César Díaz, R. Arias, Julien Noel
One of the most important faults that occurs in an energy system is the failures by voltage instability. Our research proposed a methodology for the detection of failures due to voltage instability in dynamic simulations for the Center-South Transmission System of Peru. The specific behavior of the complex load is described when it is subjected to sudden voltage variations in the connection node, due to various disturbances that occur in the transmission network. Steady state analysis models such as Schlueter or Lyapunov are used here as a measurement methodology to analyze the changes in voltage instability of the system. The case study here is the disconnection of line 5011 (Chilca Nueva-Fenix), which had a replacement time of 4h 14 min and an interrupted power of 529.6 MW.
{"title":"Corrective Analysis of Voltage Instabilities for PMU in the Peruvian Center-South Transmission System","authors":"César Díaz, R. Arias, Julien Noel","doi":"10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543041","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most important faults that occurs in an energy system is the failures by voltage instability. Our research proposed a methodology for the detection of failures due to voltage instability in dynamic simulations for the Center-South Transmission System of Peru. The specific behavior of the complex load is described when it is subjected to sudden voltage variations in the connection node, due to various disturbances that occur in the transmission network. Steady state analysis models such as Schlueter or Lyapunov are used here as a measurement methodology to analyze the changes in voltage instability of the system. The case study here is the disconnection of line 5011 (Chilca Nueva-Fenix), which had a replacement time of 4h 14 min and an interrupted power of 529.6 MW.","PeriodicalId":120262,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126416024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-15DOI: 10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543040
Daniel Z. Strickland, C. Walton, J. Delaney
The most highly used monitoring systems for cables in use today are based on Rogowski coil technology which can only be used on single phase cables and terminations. To capture current and voltage at an 11kV/400V substation, 3-phase current monitoring devices are needed on each feeder of the LV panel as these are typically the only location to be able to access the single cores of each cable. This paper describes a non-invasive multi-coil sensor system which can be used on a multi-phase cable to determine the load current in an unbalanced system. The paper develops the theory behind the unbalanced measurement and compares the results of this to results generated using finite element analysis and also to experimentally measured data. The paper concludes that there is a significant amount of research still needed to overcome the measurement uncertainty at this time, but that results show promise.
{"title":"Noninvasive, low cost, unbalanced current sensor for multi-core cables","authors":"Daniel Z. Strickland, C. Walton, J. Delaney","doi":"10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ISGTLatinAmerica52371.2021.9543040","url":null,"abstract":"The most highly used monitoring systems for cables in use today are based on Rogowski coil technology which can only be used on single phase cables and terminations. To capture current and voltage at an 11kV/400V substation, 3-phase current monitoring devices are needed on each feeder of the LV panel as these are typically the only location to be able to access the single cores of each cable. This paper describes a non-invasive multi-coil sensor system which can be used on a multi-phase cable to determine the load current in an unbalanced system. The paper develops the theory behind the unbalanced measurement and compares the results of this to results generated using finite element analysis and also to experimentally measured data. The paper concludes that there is a significant amount of research still needed to overcome the measurement uncertainty at this time, but that results show promise.","PeriodicalId":120262,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference - Latin America (ISGT Latin America)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125526084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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