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COVID-19 and African Civil Society Organizations: Impact and Responses 2019冠状病毒病与非洲民间社会组织:影响和应对
Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1353/aap.2021.0017
Shaninomi Eribo
Abstract:This paper investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on CSO's in Africa and the ways in which they responded to it. In gathering data, a desk review methodology was adopted focusing on literature from across Africa with specific emphasis on the impact of COVID-19 on CSO's. This data was accessed from a combination of reports published by CSO organizations based in Africa, global humanitarian organizations, academic journals, and trusted news sources.
摘要:本文调查了2019冠状病毒病大流行对非洲公民社会组织的影响及其应对方式。在收集数据时,采用了案头审查方法,重点关注非洲各地的文献,特别强调COVID-19对公民社会组织的影响。这些数据来自非洲的公民社会组织、全球人道主义组织、学术期刊和可信新闻来源发布的报告。
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引用次数: 3
Pre- and Post-COVID-19: Exploring Issues of Access in Higher Education in Botswana and Ghana 2019冠状病毒病之前和之后:探讨博茨瓦纳和加纳高等教育机会问题
Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1353/aap.2021.0015
G. Adekanmbi, J. Kasozi, Christinah Seabelo, Changu Batisani
Abstract:Against the background of the arrival of COVID 19 and its challenges, this paper explors the effect of the pandemic on access provisions in higher education in Botswana and Ghana. Relying on policy documents and secondary data, the paper examines trends in tertiary enrollment, and probes into the future of higher education in these countries. It analyzes the socio-economic backgrounds of both countries, as well as the state of higher education access pre-COVID 19, during the pandemic, and the post COVID-19 periods. While both countries differ in population and human development indices, they have high literacy rates, good technological platforms, and a growing culture of online learning. This culture, further enhanced by the growth of distance education systems, is enabled by national ICT policy platforms. The countries' commonality of colonial history, and long-held desires for educational access was noted. In the context of COVID-19, both are continually adopting online teaching and learning strategies in higher education. Overall, a gradual growth is observed in tertiary access provisions and the exploration of alternative pathways to learning. Notably, the Commonwealth of Learning and Coursera initiatives are enhancing access in higher education. The paper recommends, in line with Adarkwah (2020), that the fostering of collaborative eLearning, researching learner preferences, promoting digital literacy, and enhancing infrastructural support will go a long way into mitigating the effects of COVID-19 in the future. Similarly, removing barriers to access and increasing gross enrollment ratios are vital to promoting access in tertiary education provisions in both countries.
摘要:在新冠肺炎疫情到来及其挑战的背景下,本文探讨了疫情对博茨瓦纳和加纳高等教育准入的影响。本文以政策文件和二手数据为依据,分析了高等教育招生的趋势,并探讨了这些国家高等教育的未来。报告分析了两国的社会经济背景,以及在2019冠状病毒病前、疫情期间和疫情后的高等教育准入状况。尽管两国在人口和人类发展指数上存在差异,但它们都有较高的识字率、良好的技术平台和不断发展的在线学习文化。远程教育系统的发展进一步加强了这种文化,国家信息通信技术政策平台使之成为可能。双方注意到两国在殖民历史上的共同点,以及长期以来对教育机会的渴望。在新冠肺炎疫情背景下,两国都在高等教育中不断采用在线教学策略。总体而言,在高等教育准入规定和探索替代学习途径方面观察到逐渐增长。值得注意的是,“学习共同体”和Coursera计划正在提高高等教育的可及性。根据Adarkwah(2020)的建议,促进协作式电子学习、研究学习者偏好、促进数字素养和加强基础设施支持将大大有助于减轻未来COVID-19的影响。同样,消除准入障碍和提高毛入学率对于促进两国接受高等教育至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Locked Down during the Lockdown 在封锁期间被封锁
Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1353/aap.2021.0012
Egodi Uchendu, Amuche Nnabueze, E. Onogwu
Abstract:While the pandemic came with the lockdown that was observed as a measure to curtail the spread of the COVID-19 disease, public Universities in Nigeria were under another kind of lockdown. The Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU) in Nigeria was on a nationwide strike with strict enforcement of compliance to no teaching and other academic activities in every member university. Since academic activities were on a halt, did that mean academics had no academic engagement? Not exactly; different individuals engaged in activities that had academic bias, utilising digital and non-digital tools. This paper looks at how the pandemic shaped these different academic activities within the Nigerian academic circles, as well as the availability and affordability of the digital infrastructure needed for Internet-driven engagement for Nigerian academics. The paper is based on oral conversations with academics from different Nigerian Universities—federal, state and private; as well as on digitally driven questionnaire. The findings show that out of the 1000 academics who was reached through electronic means like email and WhatsApp, using Google form 27 responded and returned the questionnaire on the given deadline. The respondents engaged in various academic activities with writing, research and conference attendance on Zoom virtual meeting app taking the lead. Provisions for conference attendance online was catered for by mostly individual respondents.
摘要:虽然大流行伴随着封锁而来,这是遏制COVID-19疾病传播的措施,但尼日利亚的公立大学正处于另一种封锁状态。尼日利亚大学学术人员工会(ASUU)在全国范围内进行罢工,严格执行每个成员大学不教学和其他学术活动的规定。由于学术活动暂停,这是否意味着学者们没有学术参与?不完全;不同的个体使用数字和非数字工具从事具有学术偏见的活动。本文着眼于疫情如何影响尼日利亚学术界的这些不同学术活动,以及尼日利亚学术界互联网参与所需的数字基础设施的可用性和可负担性。这篇论文是基于与尼日利亚不同大学——联邦大学、州立大学和私立大学——的学者的口头对话;以及一份数字驱动的问卷。调查结果显示,在通过电子邮件和WhatsApp等电子方式联系到的1000名学者中,使用谷歌表格27的人在规定的截止日期前回复并归还了问卷。受访者在Zoom虚拟会议应用上以写作、研究和出席会议为主导,从事各种学术活动。在线出席会议的费用主要由个人提供。
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引用次数: 0
The Future of Continental and International Collaborations at the University of Nigeria after COVID-19 2019冠状病毒病后尼日利亚大学大陆和国际合作的未来
Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1353/aap.2021.0007
C. Igwe, A. Achike, B. C. Nwanguma
Abstract:Collaboration has become an essential feature of academic research globally. It offers a number of benefits to the participating institutions, such as improved research output, enhanced visibility and higher ranking in academic league tables. The University of Nigeria is currently involved with many of such collaborations with institutions in different parts of the world. The essential features of these collaborations include the exchange of staff and students and the joint participation in funded research. Over the years, these collaborations have yielded the desired benefits to our university and our partners. Thus, in spite of the COVID-19 pandemic and the associated disruptions, we intend to retain all existing collaborations, while seeking and fostering new ones in various fields. In addition, we intend to take advantage of the opportunities created by virtual or remote connections to continue to be part of the global network of researchers.
摘要:合作已成为全球学术研究的基本特征。它为参与的机构提供了许多好处,比如提高研究产出、提高知名度和在学术排行榜上的排名。尼日利亚大学目前参与了许多与世界各地机构的此类合作。这些合作的基本特点包括教职员工和学生的交流以及共同参与资助的研究。多年来,这些合作为我们的大学和合作伙伴带来了预期的好处。因此,尽管2019冠状病毒病大流行和相关中断,我们打算保留所有现有合作,同时在各个领域寻求和促进新的合作。此外,我们打算利用虚拟或远程连接创造的机会,继续成为全球研究人员网络的一部分。
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引用次数: 1
Coping with the Impact of COVID-19 in Higher Education: Responses and Recommendations from the University of Botswana 应对2019冠状病毒病对高等教育的影响:博茨瓦纳大学的回应和建议
Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1353/aap.2021.0010
Lucky W. Odirile
Abstract:The COVID-19 pandemic has created a serious health crisis across the world. The education sector is one of the hardest hit sectors and countries across the globe are implementing different strategies to ensure students at all different levels of study can continue with their learning. The University of Botswana (UB) announced its first lockdown due to COVID-19 in May 2020, responding to the national expectation. At that time, students were on a five-day short vacation. They had left the campus without anticipating any closure, with some traveling both nationally and internationally, whereas others were on campus accommodated in the residence halls. In the case of those who had traveled, they could not access their belongings, including study materials, on campus. This sudden change took away the students' freedom and personal control, compromising their joy and inflicting stress and anxiety on them. Their lives were hijacked and filled with tension, confusion, worry, and fear. Students started experiencing the fear of their own death and that of their significant others. They also went through the fear of not knowing what was happening and how long it would take for life to return to normal. Students were experiencing a life full of uncertainty about the future, as well as fear of exposure to a seemingly incurable strange virus that had already claimed many lives in other countries. In particular, they were uncertain as to whether they would be able to complete their degrees and graduate:
摘要:新冠肺炎大流行在全球范围内造成了严重的健康危机。教育部门是受影响最严重的部门之一,全球各国正在实施不同的战略,以确保不同学习水平的学生能够继续学习。2020年5月,博茨瓦纳大学(UB)响应全国的期望,宣布了因COVID-19而进行的首次封锁。那时,学生们正在放五天的短假。他们离开校园时没有预料到任何关闭,其中一些人在国内和国际旅行,而其他人则住在校园里的宿舍里。对于那些已经旅行过的学生,他们在校园里无法拿到自己的物品,包括学习资料。这种突然的变化剥夺了学生的自由和个人控制,损害了他们的快乐,给他们带来了压力和焦虑。他们的生活被劫持了,充满了紧张、困惑、担忧和恐惧。学生们开始经历对自己和重要的人死亡的恐惧。他们还经历了不知道发生了什么以及生活需要多长时间才能恢复正常的恐惧。学生们正经历着一种对未来充满不确定性的生活,以及对接触一种看似无法治愈的奇怪病毒的恐惧,这种病毒已经在其他国家夺走了许多人的生命。特别是,他们不确定自己是否能够完成学位并毕业。
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引用次数: 0
Looking into Africa's Future: The Fourth Industrial Revolution and the Role of ICT Education 展望非洲的未来:第四次工业革命和信息通信技术教育的作用
Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1353/aap.2021.0013
Romain Murenzi, Max Paoli, Sena Galazzi, Sean Treacy
Abstract:ICT in education has been considered a luxury in developing countries, where, particularly in least developed countries, emphasis was placed more on building schools and classrooms. In 2020, the view of ICT and its role changed radically. Firstly, the COVID-19 pandemic highlighted ICT as a central tool. Secondly, the rise of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and awareness of its enormous potential placed ICT in a new light. Together, these triggers of change can be embraced in order to integrate key learning modules and lessons to form appropriate skills into curricula in developing countries. Frontier fields in science and technology must be promoted and supported especially in the education sector in Africa and the developing world in general.
摘要:在发展中国家,特别是在最不发达国家,教育中的信息通信技术被认为是一种奢侈品,重点更多地放在建设学校和教室上。2020年,人们对信息通信技术及其作用的看法发生了根本性的变化。首先,2019冠状病毒病大流行凸显了信息通信技术作为核心工具的作用。其次,第四次工业革命的兴起和对其巨大潜力的认识使信息通信技术有了新的认识。总之,这些变化的触发因素可以被纳入发展中国家的课程,以便将关键的学习模块和经验教训整合起来,形成适当的技能。必须促进和支持科学和技术的前沿领域,特别是在非洲和整个发展中世界的教育部门。
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引用次数: 1
Exploring the Gendered Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Academic Staff in Tanzania 探索COVID-19大流行对坦桑尼亚学术人员的性别影响
Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1353/aap.2021.0008
Perpetua J Urio, S. Murphy, Ikupa Moses, C. Chua, Immanuel Darkwa
Abstract:The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic marked a serious interruption in all sectors and on all communities. Like other spaces, university life was severely disrupted. The core activities of academics in areas of teaching, research, service, and consultancy were interrupted with lockdowns requiring academics to work-from-home for extended periods. International evidence quickly began to emerge of the differential gendered experiences of these disruptions. This paper explores the gendered effects of COVID-19 public health policies on academic staff in Tanzania. Utilizing a feminist relational approach, it provides insights into the lived experiences of academic staff around two themes: 1) caring and coping during the COVID crises; and 2) work-life balance. It shares insights from data collected through qualitative methods of interview and discourse analysis. The findings reveal distinct gendered differences in the experiences of staff, with female staff reporting a significant increase in caring responsibilities and decreased time available for research and academic engagement. Pre-existing gender norms and expectations concerning the gendered division of labor in households emerged as a distinctly gendered challenge. As government public health policies pushed responsibilities for care and education back onto households, many female academics experienced significant increases in time required for family and community care, thus affecting their ability to balance their personal and professional roles. Implications of these findings are relevant for the development of gender sensitive and appropriate policy revisions and future public health measures that may arise.
摘要:2019冠状病毒病(COVID-19)大流行疫情的爆发给各部门、各社区带来了严重影响。和其他空间一样,大学生活也被严重打乱。学术界在教学、研究、服务和咨询领域的核心活动因封锁而中断,要求学者长时间在家工作。国际上很快开始出现有关这些破坏的不同性别经历的证据。本文探讨了COVID-19公共卫生政策对坦桑尼亚学术人员的性别影响。利用女权主义关系方法,它围绕两个主题提供了对学术人员生活经历的见解:1)在COVID危机期间的关怀和应对;2)工作与生活的平衡。它分享了通过访谈和话语分析的定性方法收集的数据的见解。研究结果显示,员工的经历存在明显的性别差异,女性员工报告说,她们在照顾他人方面的责任显著增加,用于研究和学术活动的时间减少。先前存在的关于家庭中性别分工的性别规范和期望成为一个明显的性别挑战。由于政府的公共卫生政策将照顾和教育的责任推回到家庭,许多女学者在家庭和社区照顾方面所需的时间大大增加,从而影响了她们平衡个人和职业角色的能力。这些调查结果的影响与制定对性别问题敏感的适当政策修订以及未来可能采取的公共卫生措施有关。
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引用次数: 1
Context and Rationale for the Thought Pieces on COVID-19 Response in Africa 非洲应对2019冠状病毒病思想稿的背景和理由
Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1353/aap.2021.0000
P. Zeleza
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引用次数: 0
African Women Scientists' COVID-Related Experiences: Reflecting on the Challenges and Suggesting Ways Forward 非洲女科学家与covid - 19相关的经验:反思挑战并提出前进方向
Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1353/aap.2021.0011
O. Babalola, S. C. Alaribe, Olabimpe Ajoke Olatunji, Pendo Bigambo, Sunday Samson Babalola, A. Amoo, M. Kutu, Inutu Katoti, H. Mufhandu, Helen Orisaghe Imarfidor
Abstract:The COVID-19 pandemic has intensified the traditional gender power inequalities faced by women daily and has left humanity sad and overwhelmed with fear. Before our very eyes, most countries are confused and frequently shutting down outdoor activities such as schools, colleges, universities, places of worship, and markets, leaving people with no choice but to work from home. The situation has particularly adversely affected the Women Scientists at the forefront of discoveries and innovations through science. This article reveals the experiences and challenges faced by Women Scientists due to the pandemic outbreak, more especially burdened with additional roles of taking care of others besides themselves. Furthermore, the work reflects how African women can be encouraged to enter and remain in their scientific careers. African female scientists make up approximately 31 percent of researchers on the continent. They, therefore, have critical roles in Africa's development. The review suggests various ways in which African governments, international organizations, African universities, and communities could develop programs and initiatives to address multiple issues raised so that women could pursue careers in the sciences—and remain in these careers to advance development on the continent.
摘要:新冠肺炎疫情加剧了女性日常面临的传统性别权力不平等,让人类感到悲伤和恐惧。在我们眼前,大多数国家都很困惑,经常关闭学校、学院、大学、礼拜场所和市场等户外活动,让人们别无选择,只能在家工作。这种情况对那些站在科学发现和创新前沿的女科学家产生了特别不利的影响。这篇文章揭示了女科学家在大流行爆发期间所面临的经历和挑战,尤其是在照顾自己之外,她们还承担着照顾他人的额外角色。此外,这项工作反映了如何鼓励非洲妇女进入并继续从事她们的科学事业。非洲女性科学家约占该大陆研究人员的31%。因此,它们在非洲的发展中发挥着关键作用。该报告提出了非洲政府、国际组织、非洲大学和社区可以通过各种方式制定方案和倡议,以解决提出的多种问题,使妇女能够从事科学事业,并继续从事这些职业,以促进非洲大陆的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Efforts to Preserve Educational Access, Research, and Public Service Relevance at the University of Dar es Salaam in the Age of COVID-19 在COVID-19时代,达累斯萨拉姆大学为保持教育机会、研究和公共服务相关性所做的努力
Pub Date : 2021-11-23 DOI: 10.1353/aap.2021.0006
L. T. Kaaya, W. Anangisye, B. Rutinwa, Bernadetha Killian
Abstract:The first case of COVID-19 was reported in Tanzania on March 16, 2020 after it was declared pandemic by the World Health Organization on March 11, 2020. Following restrictions by the Government of Tanzania (GoT), the University of Dar es Salaam closed on March 18, 2020, the action which affected the University almanac. Following the lifting of restrictions by the GoT, the University of Dar es Salaam reopened on June 1, 2020 under a recovery and operationalization plan. The plan included various adjustments to allow core functions of the university while safeguarding the health of staff and students. Adjustments on teaching and other academic activities included rearrangement of the teaching hours to the statutory minimum and setting teaching arrangements to minimize the spread of COVID-19 in the context of teaching and examinations (wear of masks in classes, handwashing facilities outside classrooms and minimize of contact hours between classes). Adjustments on research and practical interventions involved the special University financial support to multidisciplinary COVID-19 related research and innovation on social and health, prevention and screening, business and financial, human behaviour and traditional/herbal medicines. The above combination efforts enabled the University of Dar es Salaam to ensure and sustain its core functions of teaching, research and public service while ensuring health safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.
摘要:2020年3月11日,世界卫生组织宣布坦桑尼亚新冠肺炎大流行,3月16日坦桑尼亚报告首例新冠肺炎病例。在坦桑尼亚政府(GoT)的限制下,达累斯萨拉姆大学于2020年3月18日关闭,这一行动影响了大学年鉴。在政府取消限制后,根据恢复和运营计划,达累斯萨拉姆大学于2020年6月1日重新开放。该计划包括各种调整,以允许大学的核心功能,同时保障教职员工和学生的健康。在教学和其他学术活动方面的调整包括将教学时间调整到法定最低时间,并制定教学安排,以尽量减少新冠病毒在教学和考试中的传播(上课戴口罩,教室外洗手,尽量减少课间接触时间)。研究和实际干预措施的调整涉及大学特别财政支持,以支持与COVID-19相关的多学科研究和创新,涉及社会和健康、预防和筛查、商业和金融、人类行为和传统/草药。上述综合努力使达累斯萨拉姆大学能够确保和维持其教学、研究和公共服务的核心职能,同时确保COVID-19大流行期间的卫生安全。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Alliance for African Partnership Perspectives
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