C. Somerton, Laura Genik, Joseph Schroeder, Wayne A. Thelen, Mike Crouch, Michael Hudson, R. Ellerhorst, Roy Gies
Incorporation of plant tours into a laboratory course is discussed. The unique feature of these plant tours is that they are facilities on the university campus and utilize the expertise of the practicing engineers on campus to enhance the students educational experience. Examples of course materials used in these activities are provided.
{"title":"A Partnership Between University’s Engineering Services Departments and Academic Departments for Energy Systems Education","authors":"C. Somerton, Laura Genik, Joseph Schroeder, Wayne A. Thelen, Mike Crouch, Michael Hudson, R. Ellerhorst, Roy Gies","doi":"10.1115/imece1999-1142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1142","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Incorporation of plant tours into a laboratory course is discussed. The unique feature of these plant tours is that they are facilities on the university campus and utilize the expertise of the practicing engineers on campus to enhance the students educational experience. Examples of course materials used in these activities are provided.","PeriodicalId":120929,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4","volume":"206 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131949961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The National Institute of Standards and Technology has developed a convective heat flux facility to allow calibration of heat flux sensors. The facility consists of a small wind tunnel that produces a two-dimensional laminar boundary layer across a heated isothermal copper plate. Sensors are mounted flush in the copper plate alongside a reference to measure the heat leaving the plate. Convective calibrations up to 5 kW/m2 are possible. Sensor output is compared with the reference value, and contrasted with a standard radiation calibration. Recognizing that many sensors are used in mixed radiation and convection environments, this facility provides a unique opportunity to assess a sensor’s convective response. This report describes a second-generation heated plate and provides an analysis of the system uncertainty. Redundant references, improved sensor heating and mounting, improved reference isolation, and a minimized radiation component has reduced the combined relative expanded uncertainty of the reference to ±2.5 %. The benefits of an embedded temperature sensor in the heat flux sensor are described. The facility is available for comparative calibrations and for heat transfer studies by individual researchers.
{"title":"Design and Uncertainty Analysis of a Second-Generation Convective Heat Flux Calibration Facility","authors":"D. Holmberg, C. Womeldorf, W. Grosshandler","doi":"10.1115/imece1999-1104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1104","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The National Institute of Standards and Technology has developed a convective heat flux facility to allow calibration of heat flux sensors. The facility consists of a small wind tunnel that produces a two-dimensional laminar boundary layer across a heated isothermal copper plate. Sensors are mounted flush in the copper plate alongside a reference to measure the heat leaving the plate. Convective calibrations up to 5 kW/m2 are possible. Sensor output is compared with the reference value, and contrasted with a standard radiation calibration. Recognizing that many sensors are used in mixed radiation and convection environments, this facility provides a unique opportunity to assess a sensor’s convective response. This report describes a second-generation heated plate and provides an analysis of the system uncertainty. Redundant references, improved sensor heating and mounting, improved reference isolation, and a minimized radiation component has reduced the combined relative expanded uncertainty of the reference to ±2.5 %. The benefits of an embedded temperature sensor in the heat flux sensor are described. The facility is available for comparative calibrations and for heat transfer studies by individual researchers.","PeriodicalId":120929,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4","volume":"5 8","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120846548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A quenching experiment under top-down reflooding in a vertical tube was performed by adopting the transient hot block quenching test technique. The temperature history on the inner wall of test tube was calculated by using a quasi-steady-state two-dimension numerical technique, and the intersection of double tangent lines was used to determine the location and the time of the quench front. Based on some theoretical models of quenching temperature, at the same time, the effect of flow parameters in the tube during quenching was taken into account, a semi-empirical correlation for quenching temperature under the low pressure and low mass flow rate is presented in this paper. It is as follows:Tq−TsTo−Ts=11.8362(Ts−Tf,inTo−Ts)−0.0714[(cρk)w]0.2938×G0.0251×(Ts−Tf,in)−0.3145 The parameter range of this correlation is as follows: system pressure: 0.31∼0.88MPa: mass flux: 17.7∼902.kg/m2s; inlet subcooling: 3∼77°C; initial hot-wall temperature: 450∼600 °C.
{"title":"An Experimental Correlation of Quenching Temperature Under Top-Down Reflooding in a Vertical Tube","authors":"Yan-ping Huang, Xuemei Lang, Bingde Chen","doi":"10.1115/imece1999-1129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1129","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 A quenching experiment under top-down reflooding in a vertical tube was performed by adopting the transient hot block quenching test technique. The temperature history on the inner wall of test tube was calculated by using a quasi-steady-state two-dimension numerical technique, and the intersection of double tangent lines was used to determine the location and the time of the quench front. Based on some theoretical models of quenching temperature, at the same time, the effect of flow parameters in the tube during quenching was taken into account, a semi-empirical correlation for quenching temperature under the low pressure and low mass flow rate is presented in this paper. It is as follows:Tq−TsTo−Ts=11.8362(Ts−Tf,inTo−Ts)−0.0714[(cρk)w]0.2938×G0.0251×(Ts−Tf,in)−0.3145 The parameter range of this correlation is as follows: system pressure: 0.31∼0.88MPa: mass flux: 17.7∼902.kg/m2s; inlet subcooling: 3∼77°C; initial hot-wall temperature: 450∼600 °C.","PeriodicalId":120929,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127167239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents a new higher-order bounded scheme, WACEB, for approximating the convective fluxes in the transport equations. The weighted-average formulation is used for interpolating the variables at cell faces and the weighted-average coefficient is determined from normalized variable formulation and total variation diminishing (TVD) constrains to ensure the boundedness of solution. The new scheme is tested by solving three problems: 1) a pure convection of a box-shaped step profile in an oblique velocity field; 2) a sudden expansion of an oblique velocity field in a cavity, and; 3) a laminar flow over a fence. The results obtained by the present WACEB were compared with the UPWIND and the QUICK schemes and showed that this scheme has at least the second-order accuracy while ensuring boundedness of solutions. Moreover, it was demonstrated that this scheme produces results that better agree with the experimental data in comparison with other schemes.
{"title":"Higher-Order Discretization Method for Computations of Separated Flows","authors":"B. Song, R. Amano","doi":"10.1115/imece1999-1121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1121","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper presents a new higher-order bounded scheme, WACEB, for approximating the convective fluxes in the transport equations. The weighted-average formulation is used for interpolating the variables at cell faces and the weighted-average coefficient is determined from normalized variable formulation and total variation diminishing (TVD) constrains to ensure the boundedness of solution. The new scheme is tested by solving three problems: 1) a pure convection of a box-shaped step profile in an oblique velocity field; 2) a sudden expansion of an oblique velocity field in a cavity, and; 3) a laminar flow over a fence. The results obtained by the present WACEB were compared with the UPWIND and the QUICK schemes and showed that this scheme has at least the second-order accuracy while ensuring boundedness of solutions. Moreover, it was demonstrated that this scheme produces results that better agree with the experimental data in comparison with other schemes.","PeriodicalId":120929,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130967905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Commercially manufactured, mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed (MIMS) thermocouples (TCs) have been used at Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) and other experimental laboratories for many years to measure temperatures in fires and high-temperature (e.g., 1200°C) radiant-heat environments. These TCs are rugged and relatively inexpensive, which make them ideal for large-scale outdoor testing where factors such as weathering and rough handling are important. A particularly insidious source of TC error is thermal shunting of the TC assembly. This error is caused by a sharp drop in the electrical resistivity of the mineral insulation at elevated temperatures. When a TC assembly is subjected to high temperature along its length, the lower resistivity of the mineral insulation can cause shorting or shunting to occur. This paper describes several cases demonstrating the seriousness of the shunting problem at temperatures previously thought to be immune. Some preliminary experiments designed to clarify the thermal shunting problem are presented. A model developed under previous work but modified specifically for Type K TCs is discussed. Comparisons of measured and predicted temperature error data in additional thermal shunting experiments provide some degree of confidence in the model’s predictive capability. Predictions for several common field test configurations used in Sandia experiments are shown in the hopes of sensitizing other researchers in the field to this problem.
{"title":"Temperature/Heat Flux Errors Caused by High Temperature Resistive Shunting Along Mineral-Insulated, Metal-Sheathed Thermocouples","authors":"W. Gill, J. Nakos","doi":"10.1115/imece1999-1102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1102","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Commercially manufactured, mineral-insulated, metal-sheathed (MIMS) thermocouples (TCs) have been used at Sandia National Laboratories (Sandia) and other experimental laboratories for many years to measure temperatures in fires and high-temperature (e.g., 1200°C) radiant-heat environments. These TCs are rugged and relatively inexpensive, which make them ideal for large-scale outdoor testing where factors such as weathering and rough handling are important.\u0000 A particularly insidious source of TC error is thermal shunting of the TC assembly. This error is caused by a sharp drop in the electrical resistivity of the mineral insulation at elevated temperatures. When a TC assembly is subjected to high temperature along its length, the lower resistivity of the mineral insulation can cause shorting or shunting to occur.\u0000 This paper describes several cases demonstrating the seriousness of the shunting problem at temperatures previously thought to be immune. Some preliminary experiments designed to clarify the thermal shunting problem are presented. A model developed under previous work but modified specifically for Type K TCs is discussed. Comparisons of measured and predicted temperature error data in additional thermal shunting experiments provide some degree of confidence in the model’s predictive capability. Predictions for several common field test configurations used in Sandia experiments are shown in the hopes of sensitizing other researchers in the field to this problem.","PeriodicalId":120929,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128081672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Measurements of the velocity properties of plane buoyant turbulent adiabatic wall plumes (adiabatic wall plumes) are described, emphasizing conditions far from the source where self-preserving behavior is approximated. The experiments involved helium/air mixtures rising along a smooth, plane and vertical wall. Mean and fluctuating streamwise and cross stream velocities were measured using laser velocimetry. Self-preserving behavior was observed 92–156 source widths from the source, yielding smaller normalized plume widths and larger near-wall mean velocities than observations within the flow development region nearer to the source. Unlike earlier observations of concentration fluctuation intensities, which are unusually large due to effects of streamwise buoyant instabilities, velocity fluctuation intensities were comparable to values observed in nonbuoyant turbulent wall jets. The entrainment properties of the present flows approximated self-preserving behavior in spite of continued development of the wall boundary layer. Measurements of temporal power spectra and temporal and spatial integral scales of velocity fluctuations are also reported.
{"title":"Velocity Statistics of Plane Self-Preserving Buoyant Turbulent Adiabatic Wall Plumes","authors":"R. Sangras, Z. Dai, G. Faeth","doi":"10.1115/1.1316783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1316783","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Measurements of the velocity properties of plane buoyant turbulent adiabatic wall plumes (adiabatic wall plumes) are described, emphasizing conditions far from the source where self-preserving behavior is approximated. The experiments involved helium/air mixtures rising along a smooth, plane and vertical wall. Mean and fluctuating streamwise and cross stream velocities were measured using laser velocimetry. Self-preserving behavior was observed 92–156 source widths from the source, yielding smaller normalized plume widths and larger near-wall mean velocities than observations within the flow development region nearer to the source. Unlike earlier observations of concentration fluctuation intensities, which are unusually large due to effects of streamwise buoyant instabilities, velocity fluctuation intensities were comparable to values observed in nonbuoyant turbulent wall jets. The entrainment properties of the present flows approximated self-preserving behavior in spite of continued development of the wall boundary layer. Measurements of temporal power spectra and temporal and spatial integral scales of velocity fluctuations are also reported.","PeriodicalId":120929,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132393193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
For the last several decades, condensation induced water hammer events have been a concern i n the nuclear industry. With the arrival of passive reactor designs, concerns have arisen about the natural inception of vapor cavity formation in these systems. Several aspects of subcooled bubble cavity implosions are examined. In particular, this paper will focus on spherical cavity implosion transients. Numerical scoping calculations were performed with the compressible version of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation. The calculations revolved around predicting two key parameters, the peak pressure and the net acoustic energy release. Both of these parameters are relevant in quantifying the damage potential of a spherical water hammer event.
{"title":"A Method for Estimating Acoustic Implosion Efficiencies for Collapsing Cavities in Nuclear Reactor Systems","authors":"C. Kullberg","doi":"10.1115/imece1999-1130","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1130","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For the last several decades, condensation induced water hammer events have been a concern i n the nuclear industry. With the arrival of passive reactor designs, concerns have arisen about the natural inception of vapor cavity formation in these systems. Several aspects of subcooled bubble cavity implosions are examined. In particular, this paper will focus on spherical cavity implosion transients. Numerical scoping calculations were performed with the compressible version of the Rayleigh-Plesset equation. The calculations revolved around predicting two key parameters, the peak pressure and the net acoustic energy release. Both of these parameters are relevant in quantifying the damage potential of a spherical water hammer event.","PeriodicalId":120929,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130374276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1999-11-14DOI: 10.1179/014426010X12682307291542
A. Qubbaj
“Venturi-cascading” technique is a means to control pollutant emissions of diffusion flames by modifying air infusion and fuel-air mixing rates through changing the flow dynamics in the combustion zone with a set of venturis surrounding the flame. A propane jet diffusion flame at a burner-exit Reynolds number of 5100 was examined with a set of venturis of specific sizes and spacing arrangement. The venturi-cascading technique resulted in a decrease of 33% in NO emission index along with a 24% decrease in soot emission from the flame, compared to the baseline condition (same flame without venturis). In order to understand the mechanism behind these results, Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy was employed to study the concentration field of the radicals (OH, CH and CN) in the baseline and venturi-cascaded flames. The LIF measurements, in the near-burner region of the venturi-cascaded flame, indicated an average decrease of 18%, 24% and 12% in the concentrations of OH, CH and CN radical, respectively, from their baseline values. However, in the mid-flame region, a 40% average increase in OH, from its baseline value, was observed. In this region, CH or CN radicals were not detected. The OH radical, in the downstream locations, was mostly affected by soot rather than by temperature. In addition, prompt-NO mechanism appeared to play a significant role besides the conventional thermal-NO mechanism.
{"title":"Laser-Induced Fluorescence Measurements in Venturi-Cascaded Propane Gas Jet Flames","authors":"A. Qubbaj","doi":"10.1179/014426010X12682307291542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1179/014426010X12682307291542","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 “Venturi-cascading” technique is a means to control pollutant emissions of diffusion flames by modifying air infusion and fuel-air mixing rates through changing the flow dynamics in the combustion zone with a set of venturis surrounding the flame. A propane jet diffusion flame at a burner-exit Reynolds number of 5100 was examined with a set of venturis of specific sizes and spacing arrangement. The venturi-cascading technique resulted in a decrease of 33% in NO emission index along with a 24% decrease in soot emission from the flame, compared to the baseline condition (same flame without venturis). In order to understand the mechanism behind these results, Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) spectroscopy was employed to study the concentration field of the radicals (OH, CH and CN) in the baseline and venturi-cascaded flames.\u0000 The LIF measurements, in the near-burner region of the venturi-cascaded flame, indicated an average decrease of 18%, 24% and 12% in the concentrations of OH, CH and CN radical, respectively, from their baseline values. However, in the mid-flame region, a 40% average increase in OH, from its baseline value, was observed. In this region, CH or CN radicals were not detected. The OH radical, in the downstream locations, was mostly affected by soot rather than by temperature. In addition, prompt-NO mechanism appeared to play a significant role besides the conventional thermal-NO mechanism.","PeriodicalId":120929,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127456753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Somerton, A. Benard, Laura Genik, P. Hoke, Joseph Schroeder, R. Vance
Five different design project competitions focused on heat transfer processes are presented. The projects are design, build, test, and report in nature. These elements are described within the paper for each project. A semester ending design competition is held where the student teams present their devices and their performance is evaluated.
{"title":"Design Competitions Come to Heat Transfer","authors":"C. Somerton, A. Benard, Laura Genik, P. Hoke, Joseph Schroeder, R. Vance","doi":"10.1115/imece1999-1141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1141","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Five different design project competitions focused on heat transfer processes are presented. The projects are design, build, test, and report in nature. These elements are described within the paper for each project. A semester ending design competition is held where the student teams present their devices and their performance is evaluated.","PeriodicalId":120929,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125949696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The characteristics of the turbulent boundary layer near a separation point are studied here. The emphasis is on providing analytical expressions for the velocity and temperature near wall solutions which are also valid in the region of reverse flow. These expressions can then be used as boundary conditions in numerical schemes that use two-equation differential models. The paper proposes a new expression for the description of the near wall characteristic length which is shown to hold also in the reverse flow region. The specified velocity profiles are based on a previous formulation of the problem by Cruz and Silva Freire (IJHMT, 41, 2097 2111, 1998) but, as written here, they are presented for the first time. The temperature profiles near the wall are also described by a newly proposed expression that reduces to the logarithmic profile in the attached region, and assumes a minus half power law profile at the separation point. In the separated region, the logarithmic profile is recovered. All results are validated through the data of Vogel and Eaton (Trans. ASME JHT, 107, 922 929, 1985).
{"title":"A Thermal Law of the Wall for Separating and Recirculating Flows","authors":"D. Cruz, A. P. Silva Freire","doi":"10.1115/imece1999-1123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1123","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The characteristics of the turbulent boundary layer near a separation point are studied here. The emphasis is on providing analytical expressions for the velocity and temperature near wall solutions which are also valid in the region of reverse flow. These expressions can then be used as boundary conditions in numerical schemes that use two-equation differential models. The paper proposes a new expression for the description of the near wall characteristic length which is shown to hold also in the reverse flow region. The specified velocity profiles are based on a previous formulation of the problem by Cruz and Silva Freire (IJHMT, 41, 2097 2111, 1998) but, as written here, they are presented for the first time. The temperature profiles near the wall are also described by a newly proposed expression that reduces to the logarithmic profile in the attached region, and assumes a minus half power law profile at the separation point. In the separated region, the logarithmic profile is recovered. All results are validated through the data of Vogel and Eaton (Trans. ASME JHT, 107, 922 929, 1985).","PeriodicalId":120929,"journal":{"name":"Heat Transfer: Volume 4","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1999-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133187980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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