眼科学报最新文献

{"title":"An updated review of long-term outcomes from randomized controlled trials in approved pharmaceuticals for diabetic macular edema.","authors":"Jiakui Wang, Tzu-Lun Huang, P. Su, P. Chang","doi":"10.21037/JES.2016.04.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/JES.2016.04.12","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a major sight-threatening cause in diabetic patients. We review the long-term outcome of four approved pharmacotherapy for treating DME, including intravitreal injections of corticosteroids (dexamethasone implants and fluocinolone acetonide inserts) and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (ranibizumab and aflibercept). They all show superior ability to improve vision and reduce macular thickness, comparing with sham injections or macular focal/grid laser treatment. Anti-VEGF agents result in low incidence of severe ocular or systemic adverse effects, but glaucoma and cataract should be aware after intravitreal corticosteroids. Prompt treatment with these agents can lead to a better outcome","PeriodicalId":12096,"journal":{"name":"Eye science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86659707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is macular hole a risk factor for retinal detachment?","authors":"H. Kim, Ji Eun Lee","doi":"10.21037/jes.2016.04.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/jes.2016.04.03","url":null,"abstract":"There was an ‘outbreak’ of retinal detachment after macular hole (MH) surgery in early 2000s (1,2). Retinal detachment in a vitrectomized eye may result in a disaster of proliferative vitreoretinopathy, if the vitreous has not been removed sufficiently. The outbreak was associated with several factors in the era.","PeriodicalId":12096,"journal":{"name":"Eye science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88552826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal stem cell secretome to control inflammation in allergic conjunctivitis.","authors":"M. Baiula, S. Spampinato","doi":"10.21037/JES.2016.04.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/JES.2016.04.06","url":null,"abstract":"Su and colleagues (1) propose the use of culture medium from TNF-α pre-conditioned bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating allergic conjunctivitis. MSC were exposed to TNF-α and conditioned medium was topically applied in the conjunctiva of mice with short ragweed pollen-induced experimental allergic conjunctivitis. Interestingly, ocular administration of TNF-α-conditioned medium reduced clinical signs and symptoms of allergic conjunctivitis. The anti-allergic effect of TNF-α-conditioned medium appeared to be due to the reduction of inflammatory cells infiltration and accumulation in the conjunctiva, inhibition of B cells, mast cells and histamine functions, through a COX-2-dependent mechanism. In fact, pre-treating MSC with COX-2 siRNA, the anti-allergic effects were abrogated. It seems that factors produced by MSC treated with TNF-α exert anti-allergic properties targeting simultaneously several key mediators of allergic reaction like B cells, mast cells, histamine and T helper 2 (Th2) cells.","PeriodicalId":12096,"journal":{"name":"Eye science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86727870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of outdoor activity in myopia prevention.","authors":"L. Deng, Yi Pang","doi":"10.21037/JES.2016.04.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/JES.2016.04.04","url":null,"abstract":"Myopia, also known as nearsightedness, is the most common vision disorder among children and young adults. In the last several decades, the prevalence of myopia has surged in East Asia. In some industrialized regions it has already reached an epidemic level (1,2). A smaller increase in the prevalence has also been observed in Western countries (2,3). The cost of visual aids or corrections put a great financial burden on individuals, families and the health care system. Myopia is not just an optical inconvenience. Early onset myopia is often accompanied with fast progression and very likely it will end up with high myopia (higher than 6.00 D myopia). High myopia poses a higher risk for developing glaucoma, retinal detachments and other vision threatening conditions. As our understanding of myopia was and is still poor, the research and development of an effective and safe tool in controlling myopia has been moving forward slowly. The current options for slowing down myopia progression include applying pharmaceutical agents such as atropine, wearing corrections with special optical design including bifocal spectacles, dual-focal contact lenses, and orthokeratology (ortho-K) (4). The most effective treatment up-to-date is 1% atropine, with well-established clinically relevant efficacy. However, the side-effect of long-term use and rebound effect after discontinuation of atropine were major concerns. Recently published results from a study conducted in Singapore clearly showed that atropine at a much lower dosage 0.01% could slow down myopia progression in children though its treatment size was smaller compared to the higher dosage levels: 1.0%, 0.5% and 0.1% (5). In addition, their results indicated that the group with 0.01% atropine had little rebound after cessation of the treatment while the other groups progressed much faster than the control group. More investigations on this promising strategy are still ongoing. Another promising option is ortho-K contact lenses. The benefit of wearing ortho-K in retarding axial elongation has been confirmed by randomized clinical trials (RCTs) (6). Prescribing contact lenses in very young children is still non-conventional due to hygiene and safety concerns. Other optical correction methods include multifocal and bifocal spectacles. Multifocal/bifocal spectacle provides minimal myopia control effect: statistically significant but without clinical significance (4). Finally, none of these intervention methods had been studied for a long period of time (>5 years) and thus their long-term effect is unknown. Unlike studies on retarding myopia progression, publications on myopia prevention methods are rarely seen in literature.","PeriodicalId":12096,"journal":{"name":"Eye science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83831258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time spent outdoors and myopia: establishing an evidence base.","authors":"Enis D. Kocak, J. Sherwin","doi":"10.21037/JES.2016.04.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21037/JES.2016.04.05","url":null,"abstract":"Myopia is a highly prevalent refractive error in Asia (1). Although mild myopia does not have serious ocular ramifications, pathological myopia is associated with the development of various ocular pathologies that can lead to irreversible visual loss or blindness (2). The prevalence of visual impairment attributable to pathologic myopia is 0.2-1.4% in Asian populations (3).","PeriodicalId":12096,"journal":{"name":"Eye science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88136156","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Time spent outdoors and myopia: establishing an evidence base.","authors":"Enis D Kocak, Justin C Sherwin","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12096,"journal":{"name":"Eye science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34509376","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Approved pharmacotherapy for myopic choroidal neovascularization: a review of randomized controlled trials in ranibizumab and aflibercept.","authors":"Jia-Kang Wang,&nbsp;Tzu-Lun Huang,&nbsp;Pei-Yuan Su,&nbsp;Pei-Yao Chang","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV) can cause severe visual impairment in highly myopic patients. We review the randomized trials of two approved pharmacotherapy for treating mCNV, including intravitreal injections of ranibizumab and aflibercept. These two vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) antagonists show superior ability to improve vision and reduce macular thickness, comparing with sham injections or verteporfin photodynamic therapy (vPDT). There is no severe ocular or systemic adverse reaction reported in studies associated with ranibizumab and aflibercept for mCNV. Prompt treatment with these agents can lead to a better outcome.</p>","PeriodicalId":12096,"journal":{"name":"Eye science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34510887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is macular hole a risk factor for retinal detachment?","authors":"Hyun Woong Kim,&nbsp;Ji Eun Lee","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12096,"journal":{"name":"Eye science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34509373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ophthalmic profile and systemic features of pediatric facial nerve palsy.","authors":"Preeti Patil-Chhablani,&nbsp;Sowmya Murthy,&nbsp;Meenakshi Swaminathan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Facial nerve palsy (FNP) occurs less frequently in children as compared to adults but most cases are secondary to an identifiable cause. These children may have a variety of ocular and systemic features associated with the palsy and need detailed ophthalmic and systemic evaluation.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective chart review of all the cases of FNP below the age of 16 years, presenting to a tertiary ophthalmic hospital over the period of 9 years, from January 2000 to December 2008.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 22 patients were included in the study. The average age at presentation was 6.08 years (range, 4 months to 16 years). Only one patient (4.54%) had bilateral FNP and 21 cases (95.45%) had unilateral FNP. Seventeen patients (77.27%) had congenital palsy and of these, five patients had a syndromic association, three had birth trauma and nine patients had idiopathic palsy. Five patients (22.72%) had an acquired palsy, of these, two had a traumatic cause and one patient each had neoplastic origin of the palsy, iatrogenic palsy after surgery for hemangioma and idiopathic palsy. Three patients had ipsilateral sixth nerve palsy, two children were diagnosed to have Moebius syndrome, one child had an ipsilateral Duane's syndrome with ipsilateral hearing loss. Corneal involvement was seen in eight patients (36.36%). Amblyopia was seen in ten patients (45.45%). Neuroimaging studies showed evidence of trauma, posterior fossa cysts, pontine gliosis and neoplasms such as a chloroma. Systemic associations included hemifacial macrosomia, oculovertebral malformations, Dandy Walker syndrome, Moebius syndrome and cerebral palsy</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>FNP in children can have a number of underlying causes, some of which may be life threatening. It can also result in serious ocular complications including corneal perforation and severe amblyopia. These children require a multifaceted approach to their care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12096,"journal":{"name":"Eye science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34509377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of visual electrophysiology for the diagnosis and treatment of cataracts.","authors":"Duoru Lin,&nbsp;Jingjing Chen,&nbsp;Haotian Lin,&nbsp;Weirong Chen","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Visual electrophysiology is widely used in clinical ophthalmology. It is also of significant value in the objective assessment of visual function in adult and pediatric cataract patients and for the diagnosis of and research on retinal and visual pathway diseases. This article systematically reviews visual electrophysiology techniques, their applications in the diagnosis and treatment of adult and pediatric cataracts, and factors influencing the application of visual electrophysiology during surgical treatment for cataracts.</p>","PeriodicalId":12096,"journal":{"name":"Eye science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"34510886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}