Introduction: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) continues to be a significant concern, especially among minority populations, where treatment disparities are notably pronounced. Addressing these disparities, especially among African American women and other minorities, is crucial for ensuring equitable healthcare.
Areas covered: This review delves into the continuum of TNBC treatment, noting that the standard of care, previously restricted to chemotherapy, has now expanded due to emerging clinical trial results. With advances like PARP inhibitors, immunotherapy, and antibody-drug conjugates, a more personalized treatment approach is on the horizon. The review highlights innovative interventions tailored for minorities, such as utilizing technology like text messaging, smartphone apps, and targeted radio programming, coupled with church-based behavioral interventions.
Expert opinion: Addressing TNBC treatment disparities demands a multifaceted approach, blending advanced medical treatments with culturally sensitive community outreach. The potential of technology, especially in the realm of promoting health awareness, is yet to be fully harnessed. As the field progresses, understanding and integrating the socio-economic, biological, and access-related challenges faced by minorities will be pivotal for achieving health equity in TNBC care.
{"title":"Racial and socioeconomic disparities in triple-negative breast cancer treatment.","authors":"Zouina Sarfraz, Azza Sarfraz, Onaiza Mehak, Ramsha Akhund, Shehar Bano, Hinna Aftab","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2024.2326575","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2024.2326575","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) continues to be a significant concern, especially among minority populations, where treatment disparities are notably pronounced. Addressing these disparities, especially among African American women and other minorities, is crucial for ensuring equitable healthcare.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review delves into the continuum of TNBC treatment, noting that the standard of care, previously restricted to chemotherapy, has now expanded due to emerging clinical trial results. With advances like PARP inhibitors, immunotherapy, and antibody-drug conjugates, a more personalized treatment approach is on the horizon. The review highlights innovative interventions tailored for minorities, such as utilizing technology like text messaging, smartphone apps, and targeted radio programming, coupled with church-based behavioral interventions.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Addressing TNBC treatment disparities demands a multifaceted approach, blending advanced medical treatments with culturally sensitive community outreach. The potential of technology, especially in the realm of promoting health awareness, is yet to be fully harnessed. As the field progresses, understanding and integrating the socio-economic, biological, and access-related challenges faced by minorities will be pivotal for achieving health equity in TNBC care.</p>","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140021186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-02-05DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2312246
Xingyuan Ma, Zhe Wang, Shuaiyang Wang, Ye Tian, Bei Xie, Jing Li, Bin Ma, Linjing Li
Background: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in peripheral blood has become a promising noninvasive biomarker. However, the diagnostic potential of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related ctDNA for liver cancer is controversial. Here, we aimed to access the diagnostic potential and clinicopathological features of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related ctDNA in liver cancer and provide data support for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.
Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify the relevant studies. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. The bivariate linear mixed models were used.
Results: The AUC (area under the curve), pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.77, 0.42 and 0.98, respectively. The findings suggested that control type, sample source, research methods and thresholds were the potential sources of heterogeneity (p < 0.05). Additionally, this study also found that there were significant correlations between the hypermethylation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related ctDNA and tumor size, TNM stage, distant metastasis, and HBV infection(p < 0.05).
Conclusion: This study confirmed that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related ctDNA had the better diagnostic potential for liver cancer and might be an effective complementary tool for serum AFP assays in the early diagnosis of liver cancer.
Prospero: (No. CRD42023404984).[Figure: see text].
{"title":"The assessment of circulating tumor DNA associated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway as a diagnostic tool for liver cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Xingyuan Ma, Zhe Wang, Shuaiyang Wang, Ye Tian, Bei Xie, Jing Li, Bin Ma, Linjing Li","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2024.2312246","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2024.2312246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in peripheral blood has become a promising noninvasive biomarker. However, the diagnostic potential of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related ctDNA for liver cancer is controversial. Here, we aimed to access the diagnostic potential and clinicopathological features of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related ctDNA in liver cancer and provide data support for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A comprehensive literature search was conducted to identify the relevant studies. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated using the QUADAS-2 tool. The bivariate linear mixed models were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AUC (area under the curve), pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.77, 0.42 and 0.98, respectively. The findings suggested that control type, sample source, research methods and thresholds were the potential sources of heterogeneity (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, this study also found that there were significant correlations between the hypermethylation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related ctDNA and tumor size, TNM stage, distant metastasis, and HBV infection(<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study confirmed that Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway-related ctDNA had the better diagnostic potential for liver cancer and might be an effective complementary tool for serum AFP assays in the early diagnosis of liver cancer.</p><p><strong>Prospero: </strong>(No. CRD42023404984).[Figure: see text].</p>","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139650520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-02-23DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2320815
Tao Jiang, Sha Yang, Guanghui Wang, Ying Tan, Shu Liu
Background: We aimed to develop a nomogram to predict the overall survival of elderly patients with Triple-negative invasive ductal breast carcinoma (TNIDC).
Research design and methods: 12165 elderly patients with nonmetastatic TNIDC were retrieved from the SEER database from 2010 to 2019 and were randomly assigned to training and validation cohorts. Stepwise Cox regression analysis was used to select variables for the nomogram based on the training cohort. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to calculate the correlation between variables and prognosis of the patients. Survival analysis was performed for high- and low-risk subgroups based on risk score.
Results: Eleven predictive factors were identified to construct our nomograms. Compared with the TNM stage, the discrimination of the nomogram revealed good prognostic accuracy and clinical applicability as indicated by C-index values of 0.741 (95% CI 0.728-0.754) against 0.708 (95% CI 0.694-0.721) and 0.765 (95% CI 0.747-0.783) against 0.725 (95% CI 0.705-0.744) for the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Differences in OS were also observed between the high- and low-risk groups (p < 0.001).
Conclusion: The proposed nomogram provides a convenient and reliable tool for individual evaluations for elderly patients with M0_stage TNIDC. However, the model may only for Americans.
研究背景研究设计与方法:我们从2010年至2019年的SEER数据库中检索了12165名非转移性TNIDC老年患者,并将其随机分配到训练队列和验证队列中。在训练队列的基础上,采用逐步 Cox 回归分析法为提名图选择变量。单变量和多变量 Cox 分析用于计算变量与患者预后之间的相关性。根据风险评分对高风险亚组和低风险亚组进行了生存分析:结果:我们确定了 11 个预测因素来构建我们的提名图。与 TNM 分期相比,提名图的判别显示出良好的预后准确性和临床适用性,训练组和验证组的 C 指数值分别为 0.741(95% CI 0.728-0.754)对 0.708(95% CI 0.694-0.721)和 0.765(95% CI 0.747-0.783)对 0.725(95% CI 0.705-0.744)。高危组和低危组的 OS 也存在差异(P所提出的提名图为M0_期TNIDC老年患者的个体评估提供了一个方便可靠的工具。不过,该模型可能只适用于美国人。
{"title":"Development and validation of survival nomograms in elder triple-negative invasive ductal breast carcinoma patients.","authors":"Tao Jiang, Sha Yang, Guanghui Wang, Ying Tan, Shu Liu","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2024.2320815","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2024.2320815","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We aimed to develop a nomogram to predict the overall survival of elderly patients with Triple-negative invasive ductal breast carcinoma (TNIDC).</p><p><strong>Research design and methods: </strong>12165 elderly patients with nonmetastatic TNIDC were retrieved from the SEER database from 2010 to 2019 and were randomly assigned to training and validation cohorts. Stepwise Cox regression analysis was used to select variables for the nomogram based on the training cohort. Univariate and multivariate Cox analyses were used to calculate the correlation between variables and prognosis of the patients. Survival analysis was performed for high- and low-risk subgroups based on risk score.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Eleven predictive factors were identified to construct our nomograms. Compared with the TNM stage, the discrimination of the nomogram revealed good prognostic accuracy and clinical applicability as indicated by C-index values of 0.741 (95% CI 0.728-0.754) against 0.708 (95% CI 0.694-0.721) and 0.765 (95% CI 0.747-0.783) against 0.725 (95% CI 0.705-0.744) for the training and validation cohorts, respectively. Differences in OS were also observed between the high- and low-risk groups (<i>p</i> < 0.001).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed nomogram provides a convenient and reliable tool for individual evaluations for elderly patients with M0_stage TNIDC. However, the model may only for Americans.</p>","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139746500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-03-18DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2330601
Athina Stravodimou, Ioannis A Voutsadakis
Introduction: Chemotherapy has been traditionally used as neo-adjuvant therapy in breast cancer for down-staging of locally advanced disease in all sub-types. In the adjuvant setting, genomic assays have shown that a significant proportion of ER positive/HER2 negative patients do not derive benefit from the addition of chemotherapy to adjuvant endocrine therapy. An interest in hormonal treatments as neo-adjuvant therapies in ER positive/HER2 negative cancers has been borne by their documented success in the adjuvant setting. Moreover, cytotoxic chemotherapy is less effective in ER positive/HER2 negative disease compared with other breast cancer subtypes in obtaining pathologic complete responses.
Areas covered: Neo-adjuvant therapies for ER positive/HER2 negative breast cancers and associated biomarkers are reviewed, using a Medline survey. A focus of discussion is the prediction of patients that are unlikely to derive extra benefit from chemotherapy and have the highest probabilities of benefiting from hormonal and other targeted therapies.
Expert opinion: Predictive biomarkers of response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapies are instrumental for selecting ER positive/HER2 negative breast cancer patients for each treatment. Chemotherapy remains the standard of care for many of those patients requiring neo-adjuvant treatment, but other neo-adjuvant therapies are increasingly used.
简介化疗历来被用作乳腺癌的新辅助疗法,用于对所有亚型的局部晚期疾病进行降期治疗。在辅助治疗中,基因组检测显示,相当一部分ER阳性/HER2阴性患者在辅助内分泌治疗的基础上加用化疗并不能获益。ER阳性/HER2阴性癌症患者将激素治疗作为新辅助疗法的兴趣源于其在辅助治疗中的成功记录。此外,与其他乳腺癌亚型相比,细胞毒性化疗在ER阳性/HER2阴性疾病中获得病理完全反应的效果较差:通过 Medline 调查对 ER 阳性/HER2 阴性乳腺癌的新辅助疗法及相关生物标志物进行了综述。讨论的一个重点是预测哪些患者不太可能从化疗中获得额外益处,而从激素和其他靶向疗法中获益的可能性最大:对新辅助化疗和激素疗法反应的预测性生物标志物有助于选择ER阳性/HER2阴性乳腺癌患者接受各种治疗。化疗仍然是许多需要接受新辅助治疗的患者的标准治疗方法,但其他新辅助疗法的使用也越来越多。
{"title":"Neo-adjuvant therapies for ER positive/HER2 negative breast cancers: from chemotherapy to hormonal therapy, CDK inhibitors, and beyond.","authors":"Athina Stravodimou, Ioannis A Voutsadakis","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2024.2330601","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2024.2330601","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chemotherapy has been traditionally used as neo-adjuvant therapy in breast cancer for down-staging of locally advanced disease in all sub-types. In the adjuvant setting, genomic assays have shown that a significant proportion of ER positive/HER2 negative patients do not derive benefit from the addition of chemotherapy to adjuvant endocrine therapy. An interest in hormonal treatments as neo-adjuvant therapies in ER positive/HER2 negative cancers has been borne by their documented success in the adjuvant setting. Moreover, cytotoxic chemotherapy is less effective in ER positive/HER2 negative disease compared with other breast cancer subtypes in obtaining pathologic complete responses.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Neo-adjuvant therapies for ER positive/HER2 negative breast cancers and associated biomarkers are reviewed, using a Medline survey. A focus of discussion is the prediction of patients that are unlikely to derive extra benefit from chemotherapy and have the highest probabilities of benefiting from hormonal and other targeted therapies.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Predictive biomarkers of response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapies are instrumental for selecting ER positive/HER2 negative breast cancer patients for each treatment. Chemotherapy remains the standard of care for many of those patients requiring neo-adjuvant treatment, but other neo-adjuvant therapies are increasingly used.</p>","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140109730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2023-11-29DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2288899
Stefano Molica, David Allsup
Introduction: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) management has witnessed a transformative shift with the advent of time-limited venetoclax and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) regimens, as exemplified by the groundbreaking MURANO and CLL14 trials.
Area covered: This article delves into the long-term follow-up data of fixed duration (FD) venetoclax combined with anti-CD20 mAb across various lines of CLL therapy. The data discussed here, not yet available in current literature, was unveiled at the 23rd European Hematological Association (EHA) congress held in Frankfurt in June 2023.
Expert opinion: Combinations of venetoclax with anti-CD20 mAbs represent a compelling therapeutic option due to their finite treatment duration and remarkable achievement of undetectable minimal residual disease (uMRD). This not only ensures more enduring responses but also presents a manageable toxicity profile that suits a broad spectrum of CLL patients, including those who are elderly or less medically fit.Importantly, the integration of venetoclax/anti-CD20 mAb FD regimens may diminish the likelihood of CLL patients developing target mutations. This, in turn, enhances the potential for eliciting secondary clinical responses upon retreatment with venetoclax. Additionally, from an economic perspective, the cost-effectiveness of targeted therapy may further advocate for the selection of FD therapy as a frontrunner in CLL treatment.
随着限时venetoclax和抗cd20单克隆抗体(mAb)方案的出现,慢性淋巴细胞白血病(CLL)的治疗经历了革命性的转变,突破性的MURANO和CLL14试验就是例证。涉及领域:本文深入研究了固定时间(FD) venetoclax联合抗cd20单抗在各种CLL治疗中的长期随访数据。本文讨论的数据尚未在当前文献中获得,于2023年6月在法兰克福举行的第23届欧洲血液学协会(EHA)大会上公布。专家意见:venetoclax联合抗cd20单抗是一种令人信服的治疗选择,因为它们的治疗时间有限,并且在不可检测的微小残留疾病(uMRD)方面取得了显著成就。这不仅确保了更持久的反应,而且提供了一个可管理的毒性特征,适合广泛的CLL患者,包括那些老年人或不太适合医疗的患者。重要的是,venetoclax/anti-CD20 mAb FD方案的整合可能会降低CLL患者发生靶突变的可能性。这反过来又增强了venetoclax再治疗后引发继发性临床反应的可能性。此外,从经济角度来看,靶向治疗的成本效益可能会进一步提倡选择FD治疗作为CLL治疗的领跑者。
{"title":"Fixed-duration therapy comes of age in CLL: long-term results of MURANO and CLL14 trials.","authors":"Stefano Molica, David Allsup","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2023.2288899","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2023.2288899","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) management has witnessed a transformative shift with the advent of time-limited venetoclax and anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody (mAb) regimens, as exemplified by the groundbreaking MURANO and CLL14 trials.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>This article delves into the long-term follow-up data of fixed duration (FD) venetoclax combined with anti-CD20 mAb across various lines of CLL therapy. The data discussed here, not yet available in current literature, was unveiled at the 23<sup>rd</sup> European Hematological Association (EHA) congress held in Frankfurt in June 2023.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Combinations of venetoclax with anti-CD20 mAbs represent a compelling therapeutic option due to their finite treatment duration and remarkable achievement of undetectable minimal residual disease (uMRD). This not only ensures more enduring responses but also presents a manageable toxicity profile that suits a broad spectrum of CLL patients, including those who are elderly or less medically fit.Importantly, the integration of venetoclax/anti-CD20 mAb FD regimens may diminish the likelihood of CLL patients developing target mutations. This, in turn, enhances the potential for eliciting secondary clinical responses upon retreatment with venetoclax. Additionally, from an economic perspective, the cost-effectiveness of targeted therapy may further advocate for the selection of FD therapy as a frontrunner in CLL treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138444391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has emerged as a prominent research focus recently. For potentially operable patients, neoadjuvant therapy serves as a primary method to reduce tumor load and facilitate surgical interventions.
Methods: We retrieved articles from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, American Society of Clinical Oncology, and European Society of Medical Oncology websites from inception to December 2023. Statistical analyses were performed using the R software. Primary outcomes assessed included major pathological response (MPR), pathological complete response (pCR), and treatment-related adverse events (trAEs).
Results: 29 studies encompassing 1163 patients were included. The MPR rate of neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy was 38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25%-52%), and the pCR rate was 33% (95%CI: 25%-42%). These values were significantly higher than those obtained with single agent immunotherapy (p < 0.001). The pooled incidence of overall trAEs was 83% (95%CI: 73%-92%), and grade (G) 3-4 trAEs was 22% (95%CI: 15%-29%), both significantly higher than those observed with single agent immunotherapy (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: This study demonstrated the efficacy of neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy. Given that the majority of the included trials were phase II with small sample sizes, further multicenter phase III randomized controlled trials should be conducted to validate the findings of the review.
目的:新辅助免疫疗法是近期研究的一个重点。对于可能接受手术的患者,新辅助治疗是减少肿瘤负荷、促进手术干预的主要方法:我们从 PubMed、Embase、Cochrane 图书馆、美国临床肿瘤学会和欧洲肿瘤内科学会网站检索了从开始到 2023 年 12 月的文章。使用 R 软件进行统计分析。评估的主要结果包括主要病理反应(MPR)、病理完全反应(pCR)和治疗相关不良事件(trAEs)。新辅助联合免疫疗法的MPR率为38%(95%置信区间[CI]:25%-52%),pCR率为33%(95%CI:25%-42%)。这些数值明显高于单药免疫疗法的结果(P P 结论:这项研究证明了新辅助联合免疫疗法的疗效。鉴于纳入的大多数试验都是样本量较小的II期试验,因此应进一步开展多中心III期随机对照试验,以验证本综述的结论。
{"title":"Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy in surgically resectable malignant solid tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","authors":"Yuqian Feng, Kaibo Guo, Huimin Jin, Jing Jiang, Menglei Wang, Shengyou Lin","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2024.2325404","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2024.2325404","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Neoadjuvant immunotherapy has emerged as a prominent research focus recently. For potentially operable patients, neoadjuvant therapy serves as a primary method to reduce tumor load and facilitate surgical interventions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We retrieved articles from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, American Society of Clinical Oncology, and European Society of Medical Oncology websites from inception to December 2023. Statistical analyses were performed using the R software. Primary outcomes assessed included major pathological response (MPR), pathological complete response (pCR), and treatment-related adverse events (trAEs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>29 studies encompassing 1163 patients were included. The MPR rate of neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy was 38% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25%-52%), and the pCR rate was 33% (95%CI: 25%-42%). These values were significantly higher than those obtained with single agent immunotherapy (<i>p</i> < 0.001). The pooled incidence of overall trAEs was 83% (95%CI: 73%-92%), and grade (G) 3-4 trAEs was 22% (95%CI: 15%-29%), both significantly higher than those observed with single agent immunotherapy (<i>p</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated the efficacy of neoadjuvant combination immunotherapy. Given that the majority of the included trials were phase II with small sample sizes, further multicenter phase III randomized controlled trials should be conducted to validate the findings of the review.</p>","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140021185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-03-11DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2328167
Riccardo Camedda, Viviana Frantellizzi, Roberta Danieli, Giuseppe De Vincentis, Luca Filippi
Introduction: To provide an overview of the available literature data on clinical applications of positron emission tomography (PET) targeting the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in oncology.
Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases up to June 2023. The results were presented according to the PRISMA guidelines. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skill Program checklist.
Results: Seven papers were selected for final analysis, involving 266 patients with solid tumors who underwent PET with uPAR-ligands. Thematic areas identified include feasibility studies (n = 2) on the safety, pharmacokinetics, and dosimetry of uPAR-targeting radiopharmaceuticals; uPAR-directed imaging in head and neck cancer (n = 2); uPAR PET in prostate cancer (n = 2); and the investigation of uPAR in neuroendocrine neoplasms (n = 1). Six of the seven studies used the radiopharmaceutical [68Ga]Ga-NOTA-AE105 while one study used [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-AE105. The studies showed protocol homogeneity, with static PET imaging at 20 minutes. The quality assessment revealed limitations such as small cohorts and the fact that all studies were performed by a single research group.
Conclusions: uPAR-PET appears to be a promising imaging tool in well-selected oncological settings, but it needs to be validated by multicentre collaboration.
{"title":"Positron emission computed tomography targeting urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) in cancer: a systematic review.","authors":"Riccardo Camedda, Viviana Frantellizzi, Roberta Danieli, Giuseppe De Vincentis, Luca Filippi","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2024.2328167","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2024.2328167","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>To provide an overview of the available literature data on clinical applications of positron emission tomography (PET) targeting the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in oncology.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases up to June 2023. The results were presented according to the PRISMA guidelines. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skill Program checklist.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven papers were selected for final analysis, involving 266 patients with solid tumors who underwent PET with uPAR-ligands. Thematic areas identified include feasibility studies (<i>n</i> = 2) on the safety, pharmacokinetics, and dosimetry of uPAR-targeting radiopharmaceuticals; uPAR-directed imaging in head and neck cancer (<i>n</i> = 2); uPAR PET in prostate cancer (<i>n</i> = 2); and the investigation of uPAR in neuroendocrine neoplasms (<i>n</i> = 1). Six of the seven studies used the radiopharmaceutical [<sup>68</sup>Ga]Ga-NOTA-AE105 while one study used [<sup>64</sup>Cu]Cu-DOTA-AE105. The studies showed protocol homogeneity, with static PET imaging at 20 minutes. The quality assessment revealed limitations such as small cohorts and the fact that all studies were performed by a single research group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>uPAR-PET appears to be a promising imaging tool in well-selected oncological settings, but it needs to be validated by multicentre collaboration.</p>","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140049154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2023-12-05DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2023.2289597
Kai Chen, Jin Li, Yanfeng Ouyang, Yulong Xie, Guiqiong Xu, Tianliang Xia, Rui You, Guichao Liu, Han He, Rong Huang, Mingyuan Chen
Background: Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) exhibits abnormal expression in various cancers and correlates with poor prognosis. This study investigates DKK1's prognostic relevance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC).
Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search across literature and sequencing databases to gather eligible studies and HNSC datasets. We calculated pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for clinical characteristics, as well as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CIs for overall survival (OS) and progression-free/disease-free survival (PFS/DFS). Sensitivity analysis gauged result stability, and Egger's test assessed publication bias.
Results: Pooled results indicated that HNSC patients with higher T-stage exhibited elevated DKK1 expression levels, and this elevated expression was associated with shorter OS and PFS/DFS. While sensitivity analysis identified some studies significantly affecting pooled results, most were unaffected, and no publication bias was detected.
Conclusion: DKK1 holds promise as a potential biomarker for predicting poor prognosis in HNSC patients, but further research is needed for confirmation.
{"title":"Prognostic significance of Dickkopf-1 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.","authors":"Kai Chen, Jin Li, Yanfeng Ouyang, Yulong Xie, Guiqiong Xu, Tianliang Xia, Rui You, Guichao Liu, Han He, Rong Huang, Mingyuan Chen","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2023.2289597","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2023.2289597","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) exhibits abnormal expression in various cancers and correlates with poor prognosis. This study investigates DKK1's prognostic relevance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a comprehensive search across literature and sequencing databases to gather eligible studies and HNSC datasets. We calculated pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for clinical characteristics, as well as hazard ratios (HR) with 95% CIs for overall survival (OS) and progression-free/disease-free survival (PFS/DFS). Sensitivity analysis gauged result stability, and Egger's test assessed publication bias.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Pooled results indicated that HNSC patients with higher T-stage exhibited elevated DKK1 expression levels, and this elevated expression was associated with shorter OS and PFS/DFS. While sensitivity analysis identified some studies significantly affecting pooled results, most were unaffected, and no publication bias was detected.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>DKK1 holds promise as a potential biomarker for predicting poor prognosis in HNSC patients, but further research is needed for confirmation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138477047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-04-17DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2334807
Ziyi Xu, Yan Li, Lin Wang, Xuezhi Hao, Jianming Ying, Junling Li, Puyuan Xing
Objectives: We hypothesize that digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) would optimize the treatment strategies in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) relapsed patients. In this study, we compared the efficacy of third-generation TKIs with various T790M statuses via ddPCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS).
Methods: NGS was performed on blood samples of patients progressed from previous EGFR-TKIs for resistance mechanism. T790M-negative patients received further liquid biopsy using ddPCR for T790M detection.
Results: A cohort of 40 patients were enrolled, with 30.0% (12/40) T790M-positive via NGS (Group A). In another 28 T790M-negative patients by NGS, 11 (39.3%) were T790M-positive (Group B) and 17 (60.7%) were T790M-negative (Group C) via ddPCR. A relatively longer progression-free survival (PFS) was observed in group A (NR) and group B (10.0 months, 95% CI 7.040-12.889) than in group C (7.0 months, 95% CI 0.000-15.219), with no significant difference across all three groups (p = 0.196), or between group B and C (p = 0.412). EGFR-sensitive mutation correlated with inferior PFS (p = 0.041) and ORR (p = 0.326), and a significantly lower DCR (p = 0.033) in T790M-negative patients via NGS (n = 28).
Conclusion: This study indicates that ddPCR may contribute as a supplement to NGS in liquid biopsies for T790M detection in EGFR-TKIs relapsed patients and help to optimize the treatment strategies, especially for those without coexistence of EGFR-sensitive mutation.
Trial registration: www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier is NCT05458726.
{"title":"Efficacy of third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors in advanced NSCLC with different T790M statuses tested via digital droplet polymerase chain reaction ddPCR and next-generation sequencing.","authors":"Ziyi Xu, Yan Li, Lin Wang, Xuezhi Hao, Jianming Ying, Junling Li, Puyuan Xing","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2024.2334807","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2024.2334807","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>We hypothesize that digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) would optimize the treatment strategies in epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) relapsed patients. In this study, we compared the efficacy of third-generation TKIs with various T790M statuses via ddPCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>NGS was performed on blood samples of patients progressed from previous EGFR-TKIs for resistance mechanism. T790M-negative patients received further liquid biopsy using ddPCR for T790M detection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A cohort of 40 patients were enrolled, with 30.0% (12/40) T790M-positive via NGS (Group A). In another 28 T790M-negative patients by NGS, 11 (39.3%) were T790M-positive (Group B) and 17 (60.7%) were T790M-negative (Group C) via ddPCR. A relatively longer progression-free survival (PFS) was observed in group A (NR) and group B (10.0 months, 95% CI 7.040-12.889) than in group C (7.0 months, 95% CI 0.000-15.219), with no significant difference across all three groups (<i>p</i> = 0.196), or between group B and C (<i>p</i> = 0.412). EGFR-sensitive mutation correlated with inferior PFS (<i>p</i> = 0.041) and ORR (<i>p</i> = 0.326), and a significantly lower DCR (<i>p</i> = 0.033) in T790M-negative patients via NGS (<i>n</i> = 28).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study indicates that ddPCR may contribute as a supplement to NGS in liquid biopsies for T790M detection in EGFR-TKIs relapsed patients and help to optimize the treatment strategies, especially for those without coexistence of EGFR-sensitive mutation.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier is NCT05458726.</p>","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140287257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-02-26DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2024.2319035
Sean F Cooke, Connor M Blair
{"title":"Exploiting c-RAF dependency in RAS mutant cancer: <i>beyond catalytic activity</i>.","authors":"Sean F Cooke, Connor M Blair","doi":"10.1080/14737140.2024.2319035","DOIUrl":"10.1080/14737140.2024.2319035","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12099,"journal":{"name":"Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.3,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139740796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}