Pub Date : 2022-02-18DOI: 10.23937/2643-461x/1710057
Aluko Oritoke M, Lawal Saheed A, Reuben Celestine S, Jeje Sikirullai O, Ijomone Omamuyovwi M
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is an acute respiratory disease that causes life-threatening symptoms. This virus directly or indirectly affects the various systems of the body. In the respiratory system, it causes pulmonary edema, impaired oxygen diffusing capacity, difficulty in breathing, etc. In the nervous system, it causes encephalitis, thrombo-embolitic stroke, Guillan-Barre syndrome (GBS), etc. In the cardiovascular system, it causes ischemic heart diseases, myocardial injury, arrhythmias, etc. In the renal system, it causes tubular necrosis, vacuole degeneration, and consequently a renal failure. In the neuromuscular system, it causes areflexia, ataxia, paresthesia, and body weaknesses. In hematological indices and immune system, it causes lymphopenia, increased monocyte and macrophages, increased neutrophils, decreased eosinophils and basophils, decreased platelet count, and exaggerated immune response. In the gastrointestinal system, it causes diarrhea, liver damage, anorexia, abdominal pain, etc. In the endocrine system, it causes acute diabetes, decreased cortisol stress response, hypothalamic-pituitary axis disorders, etc. In the reproductive system, it causes germ cell destruction, low sperm count, and erectile dysfunctions in males. In females, it causes decreased menstrual volume, cycle prolongation, preterm birth, and abnormal fetal development during pregnancy. The SARS-CoV-2 has effects on various systems of the body although the majority of the clinical manifestations of the disease are related to the respiratory system because it is the route of entry and the major target of the disease. Meanwhile, many of its clinical symptoms are also manifested in the other systems of the body such as the nervous system, cardiovascular system, etc. Numerous researches have been done and are still ongoing on therapeutic approaches to tackle COVID-19. Here, we review the effect of COVID-19 on various physiological systems of the body and the mechanisms by which they occur. Also, we briefly highlight the potential therapeutic approaches to tackle COVID-19.
{"title":"Understanding the Systemic Effects of COVID-19: Possible Clues to Potential Therapeutic Approaches","authors":"Aluko Oritoke M, Lawal Saheed A, Reuben Celestine S, Jeje Sikirullai O, Ijomone Omamuyovwi M","doi":"10.23937/2643-461x/1710057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-461x/1710057","url":null,"abstract":"The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is an acute respiratory disease that causes life-threatening symptoms. This virus directly or indirectly affects the various systems of the body. In the respiratory system, it causes pulmonary edema, impaired oxygen diffusing capacity, difficulty in breathing, etc. In the nervous system, it causes encephalitis, thrombo-embolitic stroke, Guillan-Barre syndrome (GBS), etc. In the cardiovascular system, it causes ischemic heart diseases, myocardial injury, arrhythmias, etc. In the renal system, it causes tubular necrosis, vacuole degeneration, and consequently a renal failure. In the neuromuscular system, it causes areflexia, ataxia, paresthesia, and body weaknesses. In hematological indices and immune system, it causes lymphopenia, increased monocyte and macrophages, increased neutrophils, decreased eosinophils and basophils, decreased platelet count, and exaggerated immune response. In the gastrointestinal system, it causes diarrhea, liver damage, anorexia, abdominal pain, etc. In the endocrine system, it causes acute diabetes, decreased cortisol stress response, hypothalamic-pituitary axis disorders, etc. In the reproductive system, it causes germ cell destruction, low sperm count, and erectile dysfunctions in males. In females, it causes decreased menstrual volume, cycle prolongation, preterm birth, and abnormal fetal development during pregnancy. The SARS-CoV-2 has effects on various systems of the body although the majority of the clinical manifestations of the disease are related to the respiratory system because it is the route of entry and the major target of the disease. Meanwhile, many of its clinical symptoms are also manifested in the other systems of the body such as the nervous system, cardiovascular system, etc. Numerous researches have been done and are still ongoing on therapeutic approaches to tackle COVID-19. Here, we review the effect of COVID-19 on various physiological systems of the body and the mechanisms by which they occur. Also, we briefly highlight the potential therapeutic approaches to tackle COVID-19.","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"102 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123079121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-02-07DOI: 10.23937/2643-461x/1710056
Wembulua Bruce Shinga, Diallo Kalilou, Gaba Folly Mawulolo, M. Babacar, Fortes Louise
Background: Anti-Merozoite surface proteins (MSP) IgG response are really associeted with lower malaria morbidity and mortality. However, only few studies have looked at the implications of their variations on the course of clinical and biological forms of severe malaria. Methods: This cross-sectional, prospective, and analytical study evaluates the IgG responses against the antigens MSP1, MSP4-20 and MSP4-40 of P. falciparum during severe malaria in patients hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of Fann university hospital from October 1, 2017, to November 30, 2019. Results: A total of 86 patients were selected. The average age of patients was 34 ± 17 years. Renal (74.4%), neurological (63.9%) and hepatic (55.8%) impairment were the main WHO-forms of severity. The mean hemoglobin level was 11.2 ± 3 g/dL The parasitemia was lower (< 0.5%) in 80% of cases. In the evolution, 10 patients deceased making the lathality rate of 11.6%. The presence of associated diagnoses and comorbidities was linked to low levels of anti-MSP4-40 IgG (p = 0.032) and anti-MSP1 (p = 0.037), respectively. The number of failures per patient increased with the fall in the levels of anti-MSP1 IgG (p = 0.017) and MSP4-20 (p = 0.04). Only high levels of anti-MSP4-40 IgG were statistically associated with low lethality (p = 0.037). Conclusion: Anti-MSP1, MSP4-20, and MSP4 antibodies are involved in the anti-plasmodial humoral response in severe malaria. Their blood levels can serve as prognostic biomarkers for an optimal management.
{"title":"Analysis of IgG Responses to P. falciparum Antigens MSP1, MSP4-20 and MSP4-40 during Severe Malaria in Dakar, Senegal","authors":"Wembulua Bruce Shinga, Diallo Kalilou, Gaba Folly Mawulolo, M. Babacar, Fortes Louise","doi":"10.23937/2643-461x/1710056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-461x/1710056","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Anti-Merozoite surface proteins (MSP) IgG response are really associeted with lower malaria morbidity and mortality. However, only few studies have looked at the implications of their variations on the course of clinical and biological forms of severe malaria. Methods: This cross-sectional, prospective, and analytical study evaluates the IgG responses against the antigens MSP1, MSP4-20 and MSP4-40 of P. falciparum during severe malaria in patients hospitalized in the infectious diseases department of Fann university hospital from October 1, 2017, to November 30, 2019. Results: A total of 86 patients were selected. The average age of patients was 34 ± 17 years. Renal (74.4%), neurological (63.9%) and hepatic (55.8%) impairment were the main WHO-forms of severity. The mean hemoglobin level was 11.2 ± 3 g/dL The parasitemia was lower (< 0.5%) in 80% of cases. In the evolution, 10 patients deceased making the lathality rate of 11.6%. The presence of associated diagnoses and comorbidities was linked to low levels of anti-MSP4-40 IgG (p = 0.032) and anti-MSP1 (p = 0.037), respectively. The number of failures per patient increased with the fall in the levels of anti-MSP1 IgG (p = 0.017) and MSP4-20 (p = 0.04). Only high levels of anti-MSP4-40 IgG were statistically associated with low lethality (p = 0.037). Conclusion: Anti-MSP1, MSP4-20, and MSP4 antibodies are involved in the anti-plasmodial humoral response in severe malaria. Their blood levels can serve as prognostic biomarkers for an optimal management.","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-02-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133091831","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2643-461x/1710055
Abigail Obed, Aminu Maryam, A. Umar
Malaria in pregnancy is a major public health challenge and priority, because it is a health risk for the mother and her fetus. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of malaria parasites and its effect on packed cell volume (PCV) among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Zaria. A total of 102 pregnant women on ante-natal visit in three different hospitals were enrolled and questionnaires were administered to them to obtain data on some risks and sociodemographic factors that predispose to malaria. Blood samples (2 ml each) were collected from the women and examined microscopically for malaria parasites using thin and thick blood smears. Colored parasitology atlases were used as guide in identification. Packed Cell Volume (PCV) was determined using the microhaemoparasites centrifuge technique. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 21.0 and P value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Malaria parasite was detected in 23.5% (24/102) of the women. Plasmodium falciparum was the only occurring Plasmodium specie detected. Pregnant women within the age group 36-40 years had the highest infection with Plasmodium falciparum (42.9%:3/7), while those in age group 21-26 years were the least infected (12.5%:3/24). Pregnant women in their third trimester were most infected with Plasmodium falciparum (27.6%:8/29) than women in other trimesters. Women that had PCV lower than 30 and were considered anemic had higher percentage of the parasite (42.9%:12/28) than those with normal PCV (16.2%:12/74). Nonuse of mosquito nets, presence of stagnant water in residential area and PCV were factors find to predispose to malaria in the study. It is recommended that pregnant women undergo regular assessment on malaria parasite infection so that early attention may be given to infected ones in order to have safe delivery.
{"title":"Malaria Parasite Infection and its Effect on Packed Cell Volume among Pregnant Women in Zaria, Nigeria","authors":"Abigail Obed, Aminu Maryam, A. Umar","doi":"10.23937/2643-461x/1710055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-461x/1710055","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria in pregnancy is a major public health challenge and priority, because it is a health risk for the mother and her fetus. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of malaria parasites and its effect on packed cell volume (PCV) among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Zaria. A total of 102 pregnant women on ante-natal visit in three different hospitals were enrolled and questionnaires were administered to them to obtain data on some risks and sociodemographic factors that predispose to malaria. Blood samples (2 ml each) were collected from the women and examined microscopically for malaria parasites using thin and thick blood smears. Colored parasitology atlases were used as guide in identification. Packed Cell Volume (PCV) was determined using the microhaemoparasites centrifuge technique. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 21.0 and P value ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Malaria parasite was detected in 23.5% (24/102) of the women. Plasmodium falciparum was the only occurring Plasmodium specie detected. Pregnant women within the age group 36-40 years had the highest infection with Plasmodium falciparum (42.9%:3/7), while those in age group 21-26 years were the least infected (12.5%:3/24). Pregnant women in their third trimester were most infected with Plasmodium falciparum (27.6%:8/29) than women in other trimesters. Women that had PCV lower than 30 and were considered anemic had higher percentage of the parasite (42.9%:12/28) than those with normal PCV (16.2%:12/74). Nonuse of mosquito nets, presence of stagnant water in residential area and PCV were factors find to predispose to malaria in the study. It is recommended that pregnant women undergo regular assessment on malaria parasite infection so that early attention may be given to infected ones in order to have safe delivery.","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130318363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-12-31DOI: 10.23937/2643-461x/1710054
Munyenyiwa Amon, Zimba Moses, Mutsaka-Makuvaza Mascelini Jenipher, Manangazira Portia, Nhiwatiwa Tamuka, Maponga Charles, M. Nicholas
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) keeps resurfacing in Zimbabwe raising the need to capacitate the health system with adequate tools to eliminate the disease as a public health threat in the country. The aim of this study is to document recorded HAT cases in Zimbabwe as well as highlighting the impact of the disease and potential control strategies. Published research articles with main focus on HAT in Africa and Zimbabwe were used. The country recorded zero cases of HAT from 1998 to 2004, contrary to that 28 cases and 3 deaths were recorded between 2005 and 2015 and the highest number of cases were recorded in 2012 (9 cases). The cases are restricted to the Zambezi Valley, mainly Hurungwe and Kariba Districts. The distribution of the disease is linked to the distribution of tsetse flies in the country and the current population at high risk are game rangers and tourists as most of the cases are being reported in game parks (for example Mana pools). This may affect the tourism sector negatively if control measures are not placed in time. Furthermore, limited diagnostic capacity and lack of health personnel that are specifically trained for HAT resulted in misdiagnosis of the disease in the country there by distorting the true epidemiological situation of the disease in the country. Hence there is need for a strengthened diagnostic and surveillance system that monitors both HAT and Animal African Trypanosomiasis (One Health Approach) if elimination is to be achieved by 2030.
{"title":"Human African Trypanosomiasis in the Northern Region of Zimbabwe: Reported Cases, Health Implications and the Way Forward","authors":"Munyenyiwa Amon, Zimba Moses, Mutsaka-Makuvaza Mascelini Jenipher, Manangazira Portia, Nhiwatiwa Tamuka, Maponga Charles, M. Nicholas","doi":"10.23937/2643-461x/1710054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-461x/1710054","url":null,"abstract":"Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) keeps resurfacing in Zimbabwe raising the need to capacitate the health system with adequate tools to eliminate the disease as a public health threat in the country. The aim of this study is to document recorded HAT cases in Zimbabwe as well as highlighting the impact of the disease and potential control strategies. Published research articles with main focus on HAT in Africa and Zimbabwe were used. The country recorded zero cases of HAT from 1998 to 2004, contrary to that 28 cases and 3 deaths were recorded between 2005 and 2015 and the highest number of cases were recorded in 2012 (9 cases). The cases are restricted to the Zambezi Valley, mainly Hurungwe and Kariba Districts. The distribution of the disease is linked to the distribution of tsetse flies in the country and the current population at high risk are game rangers and tourists as most of the cases are being reported in game parks (for example Mana pools). This may affect the tourism sector negatively if control measures are not placed in time. Furthermore, limited diagnostic capacity and lack of health personnel that are specifically trained for HAT resulted in misdiagnosis of the disease in the country there by distorting the true epidemiological situation of the disease in the country. Hence there is need for a strengthened diagnostic and surveillance system that monitors both HAT and Animal African Trypanosomiasis (One Health Approach) if elimination is to be achieved by 2030.","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129858331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-10-20DOI: 10.23937/2643-461x/1710053
M. M. Abduljalil, M. Abubakar, Muhammad Abdulmalik Danjuma
Malaria is a global life aggressive disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite to a host after infected anopheles mosquito leading to release of free radicals which have the capacity to induce oxidative stress. This study was carried out to assess the effect of malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum) on some antioxidants (vitamins A, C, E and reduced glutathione) and lipid peroxidation marker (MDA) in children attending Sir Yahaya Memorial Hospital, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from untreated subjects upon confirmation of Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia using the Rapid test kit (SD Bioline Malaria Ag P.f) method. One hundred and twelve consenting subjects (72 positive and 40 negative subjects) comprising of both sexes were randomly selected. Vitamin A was determined using a method of Bassey, et al. [1] while vitamins C and E using a method of Baker and Frank [2]. Reduced glutathione and MDA were determined using methods of Patterson and Lazarow [3] and Abubakar, et al. [4] respectively. Results were analysed using SPSS version 16.0 and significance between groups was ascertained using students' T-test. Result showed that level of antioxidant vitamins (vitamins A, C, & E) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in malarial positive subjects were significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to control subjects. Similarly, lipid peroxidation marker (MDA) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in children with parasitaemia than in non-parasitaemia controls. The decrease in the levels of antioxidant vitamins (A, C and E) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as observed may be due toneed of antioxidants to scavenge the free radicals caused by malarial infection.
疟疾是一种全球性的生命侵袭性疾病，由疟原虫感染按蚊后向宿主释放具有诱导氧化应激能力的自由基引起。本研究旨在评估疟疾寄生虫(恶性疟原虫)对某些抗氧化剂(维生素A、C、E和还原性谷胱甘肽)和脂质过氧化标志物(MDA)在尼日利亚Kebbi州Birnin Kebbi的Sir Yahaya纪念医院的儿童中的影响。未经治疗的受试者在确诊恶性疟原虫寄生虫血症后，采用快速检测试剂盒(SD Bioline Malaria Ag P.f)方法采集血样。随机选择112名自愿受试者(72名阳性受试者和40名阴性受试者)，包括男女。维生素A采用Bassey等[1]的方法测定，维生素C和E采用Baker和Frank[2]的方法测定。还原性谷胱甘肽和丙二醛分别采用Patterson and Lazarow[3]和Abubakar等[4]的方法测定。采用SPSS 16.0对结果进行分析，采用学生t检验确定组间显著性。结果显示，疟疾阳性组抗氧化维生素(维生素A、C、E)和还原性谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平显著低于对照组(p < 0.05)。同样，脂质过氧化标志物(MDA)在寄生虫病患儿中显著高于非寄生虫病对照组(p < 0.05)。所观察到的抗氧化维生素(A、C和E)和还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)水平的下降可能是由于需要抗氧化剂来清除疟疾感染引起的自由基。
{"title":"Antioxidant Status of Children Infected with Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Kebbi Metropolis, Northwestern Nigeria","authors":"M. M. Abduljalil, M. Abubakar, Muhammad Abdulmalik Danjuma","doi":"10.23937/2643-461x/1710053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-461x/1710053","url":null,"abstract":"Malaria is a global life aggressive disease caused by the Plasmodium parasite to a host after infected anopheles mosquito leading to release of free radicals which have the capacity to induce oxidative stress. This study was carried out to assess the effect of malaria parasite (Plasmodium falciparum) on some antioxidants (vitamins A, C, E and reduced glutathione) and lipid peroxidation marker (MDA) in children attending Sir Yahaya Memorial Hospital, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from untreated subjects upon confirmation of Plasmodium falciparum parasitaemia using the Rapid test kit (SD Bioline Malaria Ag P.f) method. One hundred and twelve consenting subjects (72 positive and 40 negative subjects) comprising of both sexes were randomly selected. Vitamin A was determined using a method of Bassey, et al. [1] while vitamins C and E using a method of Baker and Frank [2]. Reduced glutathione and MDA were determined using methods of Patterson and Lazarow [3] and Abubakar, et al. [4] respectively. Results were analysed using SPSS version 16.0 and significance between groups was ascertained using students' T-test. Result showed that level of antioxidant vitamins (vitamins A, C, & E) and reduced glutathione (GSH) in malarial positive subjects were significantly lower (p < 0.05) compared to control subjects. Similarly, lipid peroxidation marker (MDA) were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in children with parasitaemia than in non-parasitaemia controls. The decrease in the levels of antioxidant vitamins (A, C and E) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as observed may be due toneed of antioxidants to scavenge the free radicals caused by malarial infection.","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123492391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-30DOI: 10.23937/2643-461x/1710049
AA Dabilgou, Sba Dao, A. Dravé, JA Kyelem M, C. Napon, J. Kaboré
Background: Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) is a ubiquitous virus and is causing both diseases of varicella and herpes zoster. VZV reactivation may lead to neurological complications, including transverse myelitis. However, transverse myelitis caused by VZV reactivation is rare in immunocompetent patients. Case presentation: We reported a case of transverse myelitis caused by VZV in an immunocompetent young patient. A 42-year-old man was presented to the Neurology department in June 2019 with the complaints of cutaneous rash, lower limbs weakness and anal and urinary incontinence. The neurological manifestations occurred at twelve days after cutaneous rash. Spine MRI showed extensive intramedullary T2 hypersignal of C6 to C7. White blood cell showed hyperleucocytosis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed leukocytosis (40 cells/μL) with increased levels of protein (1.134 g/l). CSF culture for bacteria and fungi were negative. The patient was treated with oral acyclovir, corticotherapy and functional rehabilitation. Complete recovery occurred after 4 weeks of treatment. Conclusions: Transverse VZV myelitis in an adult immunocompetent patient following cutaneous rash is extremely rare in our context. Clinical outcome was favorable after recommended dose of acyclovir, corticotherapy and rehabilitation.
{"title":"Myelitis due to Varicella-Zoster Infection in an Adult Immunocompetent Patient at Yalgado Ouedraogo University Teaching Hospital (Burkina Faso)","authors":"AA Dabilgou, Sba Dao, A. Dravé, JA Kyelem M, C. Napon, J. Kaboré","doi":"10.23937/2643-461x/1710049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-461x/1710049","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) is a ubiquitous virus and is causing both diseases of varicella and herpes zoster. VZV reactivation may lead to neurological complications, including transverse myelitis. However, transverse myelitis caused by VZV reactivation is rare in immunocompetent patients. Case presentation: We reported a case of transverse myelitis caused by VZV in an immunocompetent young patient. A 42-year-old man was presented to the Neurology department in June 2019 with the complaints of cutaneous rash, lower limbs weakness and anal and urinary incontinence. The neurological manifestations occurred at twelve days after cutaneous rash. Spine MRI showed extensive intramedullary T2 hypersignal of C6 to C7. White blood cell showed hyperleucocytosis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) showed leukocytosis (40 cells/μL) with increased levels of protein (1.134 g/l). CSF culture for bacteria and fungi were negative. The patient was treated with oral acyclovir, corticotherapy and functional rehabilitation. Complete recovery occurred after 4 weeks of treatment. Conclusions: Transverse VZV myelitis in an adult immunocompetent patient following cutaneous rash is extremely rare in our context. Clinical outcome was favorable after recommended dose of acyclovir, corticotherapy and rehabilitation.","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132198545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-06-09DOI: 10.23937/2643-461x/1710048
Vardan Gevorgyan Nazeli, Valeri Apresyan Hripsime
According to the World Health Organization, leishmaniasis is one of the seven most important tropical diseases, and it is a major global health concern. In Armenia, it is a re-emerging disease. We present a case of a one-year-old child from active visceral leishmaniasis (VL) focus with a history of intermittent fever and anemia, progressive weakness, abdominal distension with loss of appetite for 3 months. The case was confirmed as VL by a positive result for the rK39 test. Considering the symptoms and signs a combination of VL and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) was suspected. The patient was treated with a 21 mg/kg total dose of AmBisome. The child responded positively to treatment, and HLH syndrome was excluded.
{"title":"A Severe Form of Pediatric Visceral Leishmaniasis - A Case Report","authors":"Vardan Gevorgyan Nazeli, Valeri Apresyan Hripsime","doi":"10.23937/2643-461x/1710048","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-461x/1710048","url":null,"abstract":"According to the World Health Organization, leishmaniasis is one of the seven most important tropical diseases, and it is a major global health concern. In Armenia, it is a re-emerging disease. We present a case of a one-year-old child from active visceral leishmaniasis (VL) focus with a history of intermittent fever and anemia, progressive weakness, abdominal distension with loss of appetite for 3 months. The case was confirmed as VL by a positive result for the rK39 test. Considering the symptoms and signs a combination of VL and secondary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) was suspected. The patient was treated with a 21 mg/kg total dose of AmBisome. The child responded positively to treatment, and HLH syndrome was excluded.","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129930719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-13DOI: 10.23937/2643-461x/1710031
Schlindwein Marco Antônio Machado, Breis Letícia Caroline, Bandeira Isabelle Pastor, M. RonsoniRafael, Torres Clizenaldo, Gonçalves Marcus Vinícius Magno
{"title":"SARS-Cov-2 Infection and Cardiology: Beware of Myocarditis","authors":"Schlindwein Marco Antônio Machado, Breis Letícia Caroline, Bandeira Isabelle Pastor, M. RonsoniRafael, Torres Clizenaldo, Gonçalves Marcus Vinícius Magno","doi":"10.23937/2643-461x/1710031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-461x/1710031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131801460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.23937/2643-461x/1710025
J KrivokapichSilvio, Prous Cinthia L Gonzalez, M GattiGraciana, A ArbustiPatricia
Early serological diagnosis of trichinellosis is affected by a long-term immunological "silent" period following infection. This emphasises the need for the development of sensitive diagnostic methods to be used when antibodies cannot be detected. In this study, we assessed the usefulness of three DNA sequences as a direct diagnosis method to detect early infection with Trichinella spiralis in peripheral blood by SYBR green real-time PCR using a murine model. Primers were designed from a nuclear repetitive DNA element (Rep), the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region, and the mitochondrial large subunit of the ribosomal RNA gene (LSU). CF-1 mice were orally inoculated with 500 muscle larvae of T. spiralis and molecular detection was assessed in blood samples between 1 and 20 days post-inoculation (pi). In addition, antibody detection was evaluated every 5 days by ELISA using excretory-secretory antigens. Results showed that the Rep primers were found to amplify between 5 and 19 days pi and the ITS2 and LSU primers between 6 and 15 days pi, whereas the antibodies were detected at 30 days pi. Therefore, this molecular system could be a useful tool for the detection of early T. spiralis infection, in particularly by using the repetitive DNA element.
旋毛虫病的早期血清学诊断受到感染后长期免疫“沉默”期的影响。这强调需要开发敏感的诊断方法，以便在无法检测到抗体时使用。在这项研究中，我们评估了三个DNA序列作为直接诊断方法检测小鼠外周血旋毛虫早期感染的SYBR绿色实时荧光定量PCR的有效性。引物分别取自核重复DNA元件(Rep)、核糖体内部转录间隔区2 (ITS2)和核糖体RNA基因的线粒体大亚基(LSU)。将500条螺旋体肌肉幼虫口服接种CF-1小鼠，接种后1 ~ 20 d (pi)对血液样本进行分子检测。此外，每隔5天用ELISA法检测排泄-分泌抗原的抗体。结果表明，Rep引物的扩增时间为5 ~ 19天，ITS2和LSU引物的扩增时间为6 ~ 15天，而抗体的扩增时间为30天。因此，该分子系统可以成为早期螺旋体感染检测的有用工具，特别是通过使用重复DNA元件。
{"title":"Assessment of Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genes for Molecular Detection during Early Trichinella spiralis Infection","authors":"J KrivokapichSilvio, Prous Cinthia L Gonzalez, M GattiGraciana, A ArbustiPatricia","doi":"10.23937/2643-461x/1710025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-461x/1710025","url":null,"abstract":"Early serological diagnosis of trichinellosis is affected by a long-term immunological \"silent\" period following infection. This emphasises the need for the development of sensitive diagnostic methods to be used when antibodies cannot be detected. In this study, we assessed the usefulness of three DNA sequences as a direct diagnosis method to detect early infection with Trichinella spiralis in peripheral blood by SYBR green real-time PCR using a murine model. Primers were designed from a nuclear repetitive DNA element (Rep), the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region, and the mitochondrial large subunit of the ribosomal RNA gene (LSU). CF-1 mice were orally inoculated with 500 muscle larvae of T. spiralis and molecular detection was assessed in blood samples between 1 and 20 days post-inoculation (pi). In addition, antibody detection was evaluated every 5 days by ELISA using excretory-secretory antigens. Results showed that the Rep primers were found to amplify between 5 and 19 days pi and the ITS2 and LSU primers between 6 and 15 days pi, whereas the antibodies were detected at 30 days pi. Therefore, this molecular system could be a useful tool for the detection of early T. spiralis infection, in particularly by using the repetitive DNA element.","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129394400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-08-31DOI: 10.23937/2643-461x/1710024
R. Batista
An intervention study was carried out, quasi-experimental, retro-prospective with the students of the Primary School "Hugo Camejo" and their parents in the period 2017-2019. The universe was constituted by 627 students and the sample by the 83 schoolchildren of 4th grade, with the objective of developing an intervention strategy to increase the level of knowledge about intestinal parasitosis. Reaching the following conclusions: Only half of the children before the intervention had adequate hygienic habits. The majority of the respondents have an average level of knowledge about parasitism before the intervention. The level of hygiene of the dwellings before the intervention. An educational intervention was designed. Almost all of the patients had a salutogenic behavior, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the intervention
{"title":"Results of the First Phase of Educational Intervention in Schoolchildren of Marianao Municipality on Intestinal Parasitosis 2017-2019","authors":"R. Batista","doi":"10.23937/2643-461x/1710024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23937/2643-461x/1710024","url":null,"abstract":"An intervention study was carried out, quasi-experimental, retro-prospective with the students of the Primary School \"Hugo Camejo\" and their parents in the period 2017-2019. The universe was constituted by 627 students and the sample by the 83 schoolchildren of 4th grade, with the objective of developing an intervention strategy to increase the level of knowledge about intestinal parasitosis. Reaching the following conclusions: Only half of the children before the intervention had adequate hygienic habits. The majority of the respondents have an average level of knowledge about parasitism before the intervention. The level of hygiene of the dwellings before the intervention. An educational intervention was designed. Almost all of the patients had a salutogenic behavior, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the intervention","PeriodicalId":121181,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Tropical Diseases","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133358689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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