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Salivary microbiome and periodontopathogen/denitrifying bacteria associated with gingivitis and periodontitis in people with type 2-diabetes. 与2型糖尿病患者牙龈炎和牙周炎相关的唾液微生物组和牙周病原/反硝化细菌
Q2 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2026-01-13 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.161731.4
Endang Bachtiar, Boy M Bachtiar, Dicky L Tahapary, Turmidzi Fath, Citra Fragrantia Theodora, Natalina Haerani, Selvi Nafisa Shahab, Yuniarti Soeroso, Ardy Wildan, Fergie Marie Joe Grizella Runtu, Fatimah Maria Tadjoedin, Dewi Ayuningtyas

Background: Despite diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases are mutually exclusive, little is known about particular types of bacteria that may have exacerbated the development of diabetics' periodontal inflammation. The purpose of this study was to descriptively characterize and explore the differences in the salivary microbiomes of individuals with type 2 diabetes (20-40 years old) who had gingivitis or periodontitis to those who did not. Additionally, we evaluated the descriptive relationship between the relative abundance of periodontopathogens and nitrate-reducing bacteria in their salivary microbiome.

Methods: Saliva was collected from all participants. Genomic DNA was isolated and pooled in equimolar quantities from all individuals within each group to create three pooled libraries: type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients without periodontal disease (G1), T2DM patients with gingivitis (G2), and T2DM patients with periodontitis (G3). Sequencing was performed using Oxford Nanopore MinION Technology. The relative abundance and bacterial diversity were measured using bioinformatic methods, and all analyses of sequencing data were strictly descriptive and exploratory. Salivary nitrite/nitrate concentrations were measured on individual, un-pooled samples.

Results: The salivary microbiota among people with type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease (G2; G3) was observed to have greater bacterial diversity and abundance than that of patients without periodontal disease (G1), according to descriptive alpha-diversity analysis. The G3 group exhibited the largest relative abundance of Porphyromonas gingivalis, a key periodontopathogen. Descriptive analysis also suggested that periodontopathic bacteria and nitrate-reducing bacteria have different community structures across the groups. Furthermore, comparison of individual salivary samples showed that nitrite/nitrate concentration was significantly lower in the G3 group compared to the G1 group (p< 0.05). Results reveal that the inverse interaction between increased P. gingivalis and decreased nitrate-reducing bacteria serves as a descriptive hallmark for periodontal disease progression in the T2DM population.

Conclusion: Results of this exploratory study suggest that the relationship between periodontopathic and denitrifying bacteria in the salivary microbiome varies among those with type 2 diabetes mellitus who also have gingivitis or periodontitis. These distinct microbial features observed may be microbiological characteristics associated with the progression of periodontal disease in this population, warranting further validation as potential indicators for early management.

背景:尽管糖尿病和牙周病是相互排斥的,但对可能加剧糖尿病患者牙周炎症发展的特定类型的细菌知之甚少。本研究的目的是描述性地描述和探索患有牙龈炎或牙周炎的2型糖尿病患者(20-40岁)与未患牙周炎的人的唾液微生物组的差异。此外,我们评估了牙周病病原体和唾液微生物群中硝酸盐还原菌的相对丰度之间的描述性关系。方法:收集所有受试者的唾液。从每组中所有个体中分离基因组DNA并以等摩尔量汇总,以创建三个汇总文库:无牙周病的2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者(G1),合并牙龈炎的T2DM患者(G2)和合并牙周炎的T2DM患者(G3)。测序采用Oxford Nanopore MinION Technology。使用生物信息学方法测量了相对丰度和细菌多样性,所有测序数据的分析都是严格描述性和探索性的。唾液亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐浓度在单独的、未合并的样本上测量。结果:根据描述性α -多样性分析,2型糖尿病合并牙周病(G2; G3)患者的唾液微生物群比无牙周病(G1)患者具有更大的细菌多样性和丰度。G3组牙龈卟啉单胞菌相对丰度最大,这是一种关键的牙周病病原体。描述性分析还表明牙周病细菌和硝酸盐还原细菌在不同群体中具有不同的群落结构。此外,个体唾液样本比较显示,G3组亚硝酸盐/硝酸盐浓度显著低于G1组(p< 0.05)。结论:本探索性研究结果提示2型糖尿病合并牙龈炎或牙周炎患者唾液微生物群中牙周病与反硝化细菌的关系存在差异。观察到的这些不同的微生物特征可能是与该人群牙周病进展相关的微生物特征,值得进一步验证作为早期管理的潜在指标。
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引用次数: 0
Validation of the Arabic version of the smoking cessation motivation questionnaire among Tunisian student smokers. 突尼斯学生吸烟者戒烟动机调查问卷的阿拉伯语版本的验证。
Q2 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2026-01-13 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.167614.2
Selma Gallas, Hela Ghali, Houyem Said Latiri

Background: Smoking remains a major public health problem, particularly among Tunisian health students, with a prevalence of 26%. Assessing motivation to quit smoking requires tools that have been validated in the local language. This study aimed to translate and validate the psychometric properties of the Motivation to Quit Smoking Questionnaire (Q-MAT) into Arabic.

Method: A cross-sectional methodological study was conducted among 203 smoking health science students in March 2022. The cross-cultural validation process followed Vallerand's seven steps, including translation/back-translation, expert panel review, pre-testing, and psychometric analyses. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha) and temporal stability (test-retest). Content validity was measured by the CVI index, and construct validity by exploratory factor analysis.

Results: The sample included 197 students (mean age: 18.95±1.07 years, sex ratio: 0.89). The Arabic Q-MAT demonstrated excellent reliability with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.840, a test-retest correlation of 0.831, and an intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.886. Content validity was satisfactory (CVI = 0.89). Principal component analysis revealed that two factors explained 89.148% of the total variance.

Conclusions: This initial validation of the Q-MAT in literary Arabic provides a reliable and valid tool for assessing motivation to quit smoking among Arabic-speaking populations, facilitating the development of targeted public health interventions.

背景:吸烟仍然是一个主要的公共卫生问题,特别是在突尼斯的卫生专业学生中,吸烟率为26%。评估戒烟动机需要用当地语言验证过的工具。本研究旨在将戒烟动机问卷(Q-MAT)的心理测量特性翻译成阿拉伯文进行验证。方法:于2022年3月对203名吸烟健康科学专业学生进行横断面方法学研究。跨文化验证过程遵循Vallerand的七个步骤,包括翻译/反翻译、专家小组评审、预测试和心理测量分析。信度通过内部一致性(Cronbach’s alpha)和时间稳定性(test-retest)来评估。内容效度采用CVI指数测量,结构效度采用探索性因子分析。结果:共纳入197名学生,平均年龄18.95±1.07岁,性别比0.89。阿拉伯Q-MAT具有良好的信度,Cronbach's alpha为0.840,重测相关系数为0.831,类内相关系数为0.886。内容效度满意(CVI = 0.89)。主成分分析显示,两个因素解释了总方差的89.148%。结论:阿拉伯语文献中Q-MAT的初步验证为评估阿拉伯语人群的戒烟动机提供了一个可靠和有效的工具,促进了有针对性的公共卫生干预措施的发展。
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引用次数: 0
Effectiveness of Hypnobirthing, Music therapy and Combined Intervention in Reducing Low Back Pain Among Third-Trimester Pregnant Women: A Quasi-Experimental Study. 催眠分娩、音乐治疗及联合干预对减轻妊娠晚期孕妇腰痛的有效性:一项准实验研究。
Q2 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2026-01-13 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.168854.2
Murbiah, Santhna Letchmi Panduragan, Kasmahwati Pardi, Hafizah Che Hassan, Husin

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is a common complaint experienced by pregnant women, especially in the third trimester, which can interfere with daily activities, sleep quality, and readiness for labor. Nonpharmacological approaches such as music therapy and hypnobirthing are developing as alternatives that are considered safe, inexpensive, and minimal in side effects, but the effectiveness of the combination of the two methods has not been widely studied in the context of pregnancy in Indonesia.

Methods: This quasi-experimental study aimed to examine the effectiveness of hypnobirthing, music therapy, and their combination in alleviating LBP among third-trimester pregnant women. A total of 200 participants were divided into four groups: hypnobirthing (n=50), music therapy (n=50), a combination group (n=50), and a control group receiving standard antenatal care (n=50). The study was conducted at four Community Health Centers (Puskesmas) in Palembang City, South Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Pain levels were assessed before and after the intervention using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). The statistical analyses used included the Paired Sample t-test, One-Way ANOVA, and Post hoc comparisons using Tukey HSD test for mean pain scores between the groups.

Results: The study showed a statistically significant reduction in LBP intensity in all the intervention groups compared to that in the control group (p < 0.001), with the combined intervention group demonstrating the greatest improvement. These findings suggest that both hypnobirthing and music therapy are effective in managing pregnancy-related LBP, and their combination may offer enhanced benefits for managing pregnancy-related LBP.

Conclusions: Music therapy and hypnobirthing have been proven effective in reducing lower back pain intensity in pregnant women in their third trimester, with the combination of both therapies providing the most significant effect. This study supports the inclusion of non-pharmacological approaches in routine antenatal care to improve maternal comfort and well-being.

背景:腰痛(LBP)是孕妇常见的主诉,尤其是在妊娠晚期,它会影响日常活动、睡眠质量和分娩准备。音乐疗法和催眠分娩等非药物治疗方法被认为是安全、廉价和副作用最小的替代方法,但在印度尼西亚,这两种方法结合使用的有效性尚未得到广泛研究。方法:本拟实验研究旨在探讨催眠分娩、音乐治疗及其联合治疗对缓解妊娠晚期腰痛的效果。共有200名参与者被分为四组:催眠分娩组(n=50)、音乐治疗组(n=50)、联合组(n=50)和接受标准产前护理的对照组(n=50)。采用视觉模拟量表(VAS)评估干预前后的疼痛水平。结果:各干预组腰痛强度均较对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(p < 0.001),其中联合干预组改善效果最大。这些发现表明,催眠分娩和音乐治疗对治疗妊娠相关的腰痛都是有效的,它们的结合可能会为治疗妊娠相关的腰痛提供更大的好处。结论:本研究支持在常规产前护理中纳入非药物方法,以提高产妇的舒适度和幸福感。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the diagnostic accuracy of routine hematoxylin and eosin, Alcian Blue/Periodic Acid-Schiff, and Giemsa stains in the detection of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsies. 评估常规苏木精和伊红、阿利新蓝/周期性酸-希夫和吉姆萨染色在胃活检中检测幽门螺杆菌的诊断准确性。
Q2 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2026-01-10 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.170290.2
Nasar Alwahaibi, Al-Mutaz Al Mamari, Arwa Al Aamri, Yaqeen Al Sulimani, Alwaleed Al Balushi

Background: Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Alcian Blue/Periodic Acid-Schiff (AB/PAS), and Giemsa stains are routinely used in the histopathological evaluation of gastric biopsies. However, comparative data on their diagnostic performance and cost-effectiveness in detecting Helicobacter pylori are limited. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using H&E and AB/PAS as alternatives to Giemsa.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 816 gastric biopsy cases collected between 2019 and 2021. Three slides (H&E, Giemsa, and AB/PAS) were previously prepared from each paraffin-embedded tissue sample and blindly evaluated by three independent examiners. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall diagnostic accuracy were calculated using 2×2 contingency tables.

Results: >H&E yielded a sensitivity of 51.6%, specificity of 74.4%, and diagnostic accuracy of 66.4% when compared to Giemsa as the reference standard. In comparison, AB/PAS exhibited a sensitivity of 45.9%, specificity of 73.2%, and an accuracy of 63.7%. When evaluating operational factors, H&E emerged as the most cost-effective and fastest method, while AB/PAS was associated with higher costs and longer processing times. Overall, Giemsa consistently demonstrated superior diagnostic performance across the assessed metrics, positioning it as the more reliable choice for H. pylori detection within this comparative framework.

Conclusions: H&E shows potential for initial screening but its limited sensitivity prevents definitive diagnosis. AB/PAS proved less effective and economical. Giemsa maintained superior diagnostic performance. This study provides a comparative methodological assessment, suggesting H&E and Giemsa combinations could enhance detection efficiency and accuracy. Further prospective validation is needed before clinical implementation.

背景:苏木精和伊红(H&E)、阿利新蓝/周期性酸-希夫(AB/PAS)和吉姆萨染色是胃活检组织病理学评估的常规方法。然而,关于它们在检测幽门螺杆菌方面的诊断性能和成本效益的比较数据有限。本研究旨在评估H&E和AB/PAS作为Giemsa替代品的可行性。方法:对2019 - 2021年收集的816例胃活检病例进行回顾性研究。预先从每个石蜡包埋组织样品中制备三张载玻片(H&E, Giemsa和AB/PAS),并由三名独立审核员进行盲法评估。敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值(PPV)、阴性预测值(NPV)和总体诊断准确性使用2×2列联表进行计算。结果:与Giemsa作为参比标准相比,>H&E的敏感性为51.6%,特异性为74.4%,诊断准确率为66.4%。相比之下,AB/PAS的敏感性为45.9%,特异性为73.2%,准确性为63.7%。在评估操作因素时,H&E是最具成本效益和最快的方法,而AB/PAS的成本更高,处理时间更长。总体而言,Giemsa在评估指标中始终表现出优越的诊断性能,在此比较框架内将其定位为更可靠的幽门螺杆菌检测选择。结论:H&E显示了初步筛查的潜力,但其有限的敏感性阻碍了明确的诊断。AB/PAS被证明不太有效和经济。Giemsa保持了卓越的诊断性能。本研究提供了比较的方法学评估,表明H&E和Giemsa组合可以提高检测效率和准确性。在临床应用前需要进一步的前瞻性验证。
{"title":"Assessing the diagnostic accuracy of routine hematoxylin and eosin, Alcian Blue/Periodic Acid-Schiff, and Giemsa stains in the detection of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> in gastric biopsies.","authors":"Nasar Alwahaibi, Al-Mutaz Al Mamari, Arwa Al Aamri, Yaqeen Al Sulimani, Alwaleed Al Balushi","doi":"10.12688/f1000research.170290.2","DOIUrl":"10.12688/f1000research.170290.2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E), Alcian Blue/Periodic Acid-Schiff (AB/PAS), and Giemsa stains are routinely used in the histopathological evaluation of gastric biopsies. However, comparative data on their diagnostic performance and cost-effectiveness in detecting <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> are limited. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of using H&E and AB/PAS as alternatives to Giemsa.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study was conducted on 816 gastric biopsy cases collected between 2019 and 2021. Three slides (H&E, Giemsa, and AB/PAS) were previously prepared from each paraffin-embedded tissue sample and blindly evaluated by three independent examiners. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall diagnostic accuracy were calculated using 2×2 contingency tables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>>H&E yielded a sensitivity of 51.6%, specificity of 74.4%, and diagnostic accuracy of 66.4% when compared to Giemsa as the reference standard. In comparison, AB/PAS exhibited a sensitivity of 45.9%, specificity of 73.2%, and an accuracy of 63.7%. When evaluating operational factors, H&E emerged as the most cost-effective and fastest method, while AB/PAS was associated with higher costs and longer processing times. Overall, Giemsa consistently demonstrated superior diagnostic performance across the assessed metrics, positioning it as the more reliable choice for <i>H. pylori</i> detection within this comparative framework.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>H&E shows potential for initial screening but its limited sensitivity prevents definitive diagnosis. AB/PAS proved less effective and economical. Giemsa maintained superior diagnostic performance. This study provides a comparative methodological assessment, suggesting H&E and Giemsa combinations could enhance detection efficiency and accuracy. Further prospective validation is needed before clinical implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":12260,"journal":{"name":"F1000Research","volume":"14 ","pages":"1148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2026-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12796792/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145970533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Glucose Tolerance Test (GTT) Curves of Water and Ethanol Extracts of Whole Body Apis mellifera jemenitica. 蜜蜂全体水提取物和乙醇提取物的葡萄糖耐量试验曲线。
Q2 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2026-01-10 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.166622.2
Raaih Marwae Ahmad Asseri, Mohamed Adam Ali Ismail, Hamed A Ghramh, Wed Mohammed Ali Alarjani, Tarik El-Sayed Ali Ismail, Mogbel A A El-Niweiri, Mohammed Mohammed

Background: This article explored the chemical constituents of water and ethanol extracts from the whole body of A. m. jemenitica honeybee drones and workers, investigating their effects on glucose tolerance test (GTT) curves through feeding experiments conducted on Oryctolagus cuniculus male rabbits.

Methods: Chemical analysis of the extracts was performed using infrared (IR) spectroscopy alongside the spectral database of organic compounds.

Results: The water extract revealed a richer diversity of natural products (38 compounds) compared to the ethanol extract (12 compounds). Notably, the water extract comprised various bioactive molecules, including sugars and their derivatives, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, quinones, amino acid derivatives, dipeptides, and organometallic compounds. In contrast, the ethanol extract primarily contained sugar derivatives, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and pesticides. The water extract decreased the blood glucose level and transformed the GTT curve from a convex to a concave shape.

Conclusion: The blood glucose-lowering effect of the water extract may be attributed to the anti-diabetic properties of its dipeptides, phenolic compounds and alkaloid contents.

背景:本文通过对雄性小兔的饲养实验,研究了jemenitica蜜蜂雄蜂和工蜂全身水提取物和乙醇提取物的化学成分,并研究了其对糖耐量试验(GTT)曲线的影响。方法:采用红外光谱法结合有机化合物谱库进行化学分析。结果:水提取物比乙醇提取物(12种化合物)具有更丰富的天然产物多样性(38种化合物)。值得注意的是,水提取物含有各种生物活性分子,包括糖及其衍生物、酚类化合物、生物碱、醌类、氨基酸衍生物、二肽和有机金属化合物。相反,乙醇提取物主要含有糖衍生物、酚类化合物、生物碱和农药。水提物降低血糖水平,使GTT曲线由凸形变为凹形。结论:水提物的降糖作用可能与其所含的二肽、酚类化合物和生物碱的抗糖尿病作用有关。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluating the Efficiency of Areke Distillation Process Using the Traditional Method of Distillation and Double Pipe Distillation: A Traditional Ethiopian Beverage. 用传统蒸馏法和双管蒸馏法评价阿雷克蒸馏工艺的效率:一种埃塞俄比亚传统饮料。
Q2 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2026-01-10 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.163423.2
Mulugeta Fentahun, Ayinalem Worku

Background: Areke is a popular traditional distilled beverage in semi-urban and rural areas in Ethiopia. Traditional areke distillation uses an open-fire system that consumes a lot of firewood and produces a large amount of indoor air pollution.

Methods: The areke distiller apparatus (heat exchanger, condenser, energy-efficient stoves, storage tanks, and local areke extraction apparatus) was manufactured by technicians (welders). Different types of grains (wheat, millet, lupine, barley, and maize) were purchased from a neighborhood market. The traditional method of areke fermentation was prepared by an experienced woman brewer using a combination of ingredients and appropriate steps and procedures. The efficacy of a traditional stove, modified stove, and a combination of modified stove and double-pipe were evaluated . The amount of ethanol was estimated by measuring its refractive index and specific gravity. The sensory evaluation of areke samples was conducted by 10 consumer sensory panelists.

Result: The highest ethanol concentration in areke (53.75 ± 0.01 (% v/v)) was obtained from millet E ( dagusa E) in double-pipe distillation (E). The maize E ( bekolo E) of overall acceptance had the greatest score (4.5 ± 0.01) compared to other areke sensory parameters. The alcoholic strength of lupine E ( gibeto E) was scored as excellent (5.0 ± 0.01) compared to other areke sensory parameters. All judges agreed that traditional and double-pipe areke consumption was acceptable. The combination of double-pipe distillation and modified stove resulted in a 50% ± 0.15 reduction in the average amount of firewood used. The traditional open fire stove consumed more firewood (5.1 kg ± 0.1) than the combination of double-pipe distillation and modified stove (2.5 kg ± 0.01).

Conclusion: These results indicate that the combination of double-pipe distillation with a modified stove had better performance than traditional areke distillation.

背景:Areke是埃塞俄比亚半城市和农村地区流行的传统蒸馏饮料。传统的蒸馏法使用明火系统,消耗大量的柴火,产生大量的室内空气污染。方法:areke蒸馏装置(热交换器、冷凝器、节能炉、储罐和局部areke提取装置)由技术人员(焊工)制造。不同种类的谷物(小麦、小米、羽扇豆、大麦和玉米)是从附近的市场购买的。areke发酵的传统方法是由一位经验丰富的女酿酒师使用成分和适当的步骤和程序的组合来制备的。对传统炉、改良炉和改良炉与双管炉的组合进行了效果评价。通过测定乙醇的折射率和比重来估计乙醇的用量。areke样品的感官评估由10名消费者感官小组成员进行。结果:以谷子E (dagusa E)为原料,采用双管蒸馏法(E)可获得最高的乙醇浓度(53.75±0.01 (% v/v))。总体接受度的玉米E (bekolo E)得分最高(4.5±0.01)。与其他感官指标相比,羽扇豆素E (gibeto E)的酒精浓度为优(5.0±0.01)。所有法官都同意传统的和双管的可卡因消费是可以接受的。双管蒸馏和改良炉相结合,平均木柴用量减少了50%±0.15。传统明火炉消耗的柴火(5.1 kg±0.1)高于双管蒸馏与改造炉组合消耗的柴火(2.5 kg±0.01)。结论:双管精馏与改进炉相结合,比传统的蒸馏法具有更好的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Evaluation of risk factors for ocular morbidities and their impact on the lives of medical students: A cross-sectional study unveiling the academic collateral. 评估眼科疾病的危险因素及其对医学生生活的影响:一项揭示学术附带的横断面研究。
Q2 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2026-01-10 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.167220.2
Haneen Haneen, Jarina Begum, Syed Irfan Ali, Abhishek Kumar, Swati Shikha, Khushboo Juneja

Background: One billion people worldwide have preventable vision impairment. Ocular morbidities are a significant problem in the public health sector, especially among medical students. The study objectives were to identify the prevailing ocular morbidities and evaluate the risk factors and their impact on students' lifestyles and academics.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among (Study sample 312) undergraduate medical students over 6 months. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analysed to identify the prevalence, associated risk factors, and consequences of ocular morbidities.

Results: 64.7% were suffering from ocular morbidities. Headache was a predominant symptom in students with (51.7%) and without (39.1%) ocular morbidities. The most common ocular morbidity was myopia (84.3%). 18.7% of students perceived that ocular morbidity had restricted them from participating in activities or applying for specific job posts. The evaluation of various risk factors inferred that ocular morbidity was associated with family history, early age onset of the condition, lighting, inappropriate posture while reading, screen time, and a vitamin A-rich diet.

Conclusion: The study concluded that the most prevalent ocular morbidity was refractive error, with myopia being the highest among medical students, and it has adversely impacted the students' lifestyle and academics, underscoring the need for early detection, preventive strategies, and health education interventions.

背景:全世界有10亿人患有可预防的视力障碍。眼部疾病是公共卫生部门的一个重大问题,特别是在医学生中。研究的目的是确定常见的眼部疾病,评估危险因素及其对学生生活方式和学业的影响。方法:采用横断面调查方法,对312名6个月以上的医学本科学生进行调查。通过结构化问卷收集数据并进行分析,以确定患病率、相关风险因素和眼部疾病的后果。结果:64.7%的患者出现眼部病变。头痛是学生的主要症状,有(51.7%)眼部疾病,无(39.1%)眼部疾病。最常见的眼部疾病为近视(84.3%)。18.7%的学生认为眼部疾病限制了他们参加活动或申请特定的工作岗位。对各种危险因素的评估推断,眼部发病率与家族史、早期发病、光照、阅读时不适当的姿势、屏幕时间和富含维生素a的饮食有关。结论:眼科发病率最高的是屈光不正,其中近视在医学生中发病率最高,并对学生的生活方式和学业产生了不利影响,强调需要早期发现、预防策略和健康教育干预。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the Influence of Innovation Characteristics on the Implementation Process of an Optimised Tuberculosis Diabetes Integrated Care Package (Opt TBD) -A Mixed Method Study Protocol. 评估创新特征对优化结核性糖尿病综合护理方案(Opt TBD)实施过程的影响——混合方法研究方案
Q2 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2026-01-09 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.165171.3
Fatima Khalid, Zohaib Khan, Saima Afaq

Background: Tuberculosis with co-morbid diabetes mellitus presents a substantial public health challenge, necessitating immediate and coordinated interventions. Such interventions should be sustainable and have a high acceptance rate in real-world settings. Applying the principles of implementation science is essential to enhance the existing system. This research study aims to assess the influence of innovation characteristics on the implementation of an Optimised TB-diabetes integrated care package.

Objectives: The main objectives of this study are to explore the perceptions and experiences of intervention developers; to understand the experiences of health professionals and patients regarding the Opt TBD integrated care package; assess the content validity of the innovation characteristics instrument; and evaluate the influence of intervention characteristics on the implementation process of the Opt TBD integrated care package.

Methods: The study will be conducted at thirteen selected TB healthcare facilities across Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Punjab over a period of 18 months, in three phases. Evaluation will involve qualitative exploration of intervention development, followed by feasibility testing, and finally the definitive implementation of the intervention. The participants will include key stakeholders: intervention developers, TB health professionals, and patients.

Conclusion: This study will generate critical insights for the Opt TBD integrated care package, focusing on enhancing contextual relevance and improving adoption rates in practical, real-world settings. Specifically, this research study seeks to identify key implementation challenges, evaluate the fidelity of the intervention, and validate the causal relationships between the characteristics of the innovation and its implementation success.

背景:结核病合并糖尿病是一个重大的公共卫生挑战,需要立即采取协调一致的干预措施。这种干预措施应该是可持续的,并且在现实环境中具有较高的接受率。运用实施科学的原则是加强现有制度的必要条件。本研究旨在评估创新特征对优化结核病-糖尿病综合护理方案实施的影响。目的:本研究的主要目的是探讨干预者的认知和经验;了解卫生专业人员和患者对Opt TBD综合护理方案的经验;评估创新特征量表的内容效度;评估干预特征对Opt TBD综合护理包实施过程的影响。方法:这项研究将在开伯尔-普赫图赫瓦省和旁遮普省的13个选定的结核病医疗机构进行,为期18个月,分三个阶段进行。评估将包括对干预措施发展的定性探索,然后是可行性测试,最后是干预措施的最终实施。与会者将包括主要利益攸关方:干预措施开发者、结核病卫生专业人员和患者。结论:本研究将为Opt TBD综合护理方案提供重要见解,重点是增强情境相关性和提高实际世界环境中的采用率。具体而言,本研究旨在确定关键的实施挑战,评估干预的保真度,并验证创新特征与其实施成功之间的因果关系。
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引用次数: 0
Conceptualizing a model to study university students' food choices based on the theory of planned behavior. 基于计划行为理论的大学生食物选择概念化。
Q2 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2026-01-09 eCollection Date: 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.123325.5
Kshama Vishwakarma, Varalakshmi Chandra Sekaran, Vidya Patwardhan, Asha Kamath

Background: Higher education at the university level is essential for advanced learning, enhancing academic knowledge, and precipitating significant life changes. These include lifestyle adjustments, relocation from one's primary residence, and the acquisition of autonomy in decision-making. Numerous students opt to reside in dormitories/hostels, resulting in notable alterations in dietary habits. Food habits at campus differ substantially from their previous domestic diets, potentially influencing their overall growth and development during their academic tenure.

Method: The study employs the theory of planned behavior to conceptualize a model and understand university students' food choices, utilizing qualitative research and a phenomenological approach. Snowball sampling selected 26 undergraduate and postgraduate students from technical and health science programs at a private university in Udupi, who were residing on campus for two to four years. Online interviews were audio-recorded with participants' consent.

Results: Transcribed interviews were coded and categorized to identify themes, which were subsequently conceptualized to develop a model based on the theory of planned behavior. The model illustrated the duration of students' campus residence, provided insight into their perspectives on food events and consumption at the university dining facility (UDF), influenced by factors such as palatal preferences, cost considerations, temporal constraints (during academic activities), accessibility of nutritious options, academic-related stress, and insufficient nutritional knowledge. Two primary findings emerged: first, recommendation to display nutritional information in the dining facility; second, students exhibited a preference for consuming less healthy food options off-campus due to their lower monetary cost.

Conclusion: The investigation offers valuable insights into the role of UDF in providing nutritionally balanced meals to students, which may contribute to improved health outcomes and enhanced academic performance. This research elucidates the relationship between students' dietary choices and their subsequent impact on scholastic achievement.

背景:大学水平的高等教育对于高级学习、提高学术知识和促成重大生活变化至关重要。这些包括生活方式的调整,从一个人的主要住所搬迁,以及在决策中获得自主权。许多学生选择住在宿舍里,导致饮食习惯发生了显著变化。校园饮食与他们以前的国内饮食有很大的不同,这可能会影响他们在学术任期内的整体成长和发展。方法:采用定性研究和现象学方法,运用计划行为理论对大学生的食物选择进行概念化和理解。雪球抽样选择了乌杜皮一所私立大学技术和健康科学专业的26名本科生和研究生,他们在校园内居住了2至4年。在线访谈在参与者同意的情况下进行录音。结果:转录的访谈被编码和分类,以确定主题,随后概念化,以发展一个基于计划行为理论的模型。学生在校园居住的时间可以让我们深入了解他们对大学餐饮设施(UDF)的食物事件和消费的看法,这些因素受到诸如口味偏好、成本考虑、时间限制(在学术活动期间)、营养选择的可及性、学术相关压力和营养知识不足等因素的影响。有两个主要发现:首先,在餐饮设施中没有显示营养信息;其次,学生表现出偏好消费较少的健康食品选择校外,因为他们的经济成本较低。结论:该调查提供了UDF在为学生提供营养均衡膳食方面的作用,可能有助于改善健康结果和提高学习成绩。本研究旨在探讨学生饮食选择与学业成绩之间的关系。
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引用次数: 0
It's complicated: staff experiences of academic integrity at a Mauritian university. 这很复杂:毛里求斯一所大学教职员工的学术诚信经历。
Q2 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2026-01-09 eCollection Date: 2025-01-01 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.167245.2
Annemarie Davis

Background: Academic integrity is presented as a complex, multidimensional concept that involves all members of an educational institution. However, non-teaching staff members are often excluded from research on academic integrity. I engaged in professional support alongside academic staff to explore how academic integrity is understood within the Mauritius branch of a UK higher education institution.

Methods: I adopted a qualitative approach to engage those tasked with implementing academic integrity to examine how they understood and practised it. Data were gathered through face-to-face focus-group interviews, which were translated into themes.

Results: This article identified the factors that make academic integrity challenging and presents recommendations for practitioners and researchers.

Conclusions: More energy should be invested in the processes that build cultures of integrity rather than focusing on the opposite, such as cheating, plagiarism, and misconduct. Academic integrity is ultimately a positive values-driven approach to learning and a skill that can be developed and strengthened.

背景:学术诚信是一个复杂的、多维度的概念,涉及教育机构的所有成员。然而,非教学人员经常被排除在学术诚信研究之外。我与学术人员一起从事专业支持工作,探索如何在英国高等教育机构毛里求斯分校理解学术诚信。方法:我采用了一种定性的方法,让那些负责实施学术诚信的人来检查他们是如何理解和实践学术诚信的。通过面对面的焦点小组访谈收集数据,并将其转化为主题。结果:本文确定了使学术诚信具有挑战性的因素,并为从业者和研究人员提出了建议。结论:应该把更多的精力投入到建立诚信文化的过程中,而不是专注于相反的方面,比如作弊、抄袭和不当行为。学术诚信最终是一种积极的价值观驱动的学习方法,是一种可以发展和加强的技能。
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引用次数: 0
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