Bemora Joseph Synèse, Tojo Hery Tsitovah Rakotondrainibe, P. Rakotozanany, Willy Francis Rakotondraibe, W. Ratovondrainy, M. Rabarijaona, C. Andriamamonjy
The cervical spine trauma is a frequent and serious lesion involving not only the vital prognostic but also functional. The target of this work was to determinate the epidemiological clinical profile and the issue related to the management of cervical spine traumatism in Madagascar. It was the 3 years retrospective works with 41 cases of the cervical spine trauma hospitalized and supported in a department of neurosurgery and resuscitation at CHU-JRA Antananarivo Madagascar. We included all patients’ records for traumatized cervical spine and incomplete files have been excluded. While the targeted period, 41 cases of the cervical spine trauma has been studied, 24, 39% of traumatized was between 21-30 years old with a clear male predominance of 80, 48% (sex ratio 4, 1). The etiology is dominated by a fall and the majority was of domestic accident (46,34%). The cervical wounded was part of polytrauma, 58, 53 % of the case are brain injury. Clinically, 39, 02% of the patients were tetraplegic and the standard radiograph represented the requested radiological tool in 82.92%. The mortality rate was 21, 95%. The cervical spine trauma remains pathology difficult to manage because of the respiratory risk which requires a managing in reanimation and the prognostic vital is reserved for complete quadriplegics.
{"title":"EPIDEMIO-CLINICAL PROFILE OF CERVICAL SPINE TRAUMA AT CHU-JRA MADAGASCAR","authors":"Bemora Joseph Synèse, Tojo Hery Tsitovah Rakotondrainibe, P. Rakotozanany, Willy Francis Rakotondraibe, W. Ratovondrainy, M. Rabarijaona, C. Andriamamonjy","doi":"10.53555/eijmhs.v5i3.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijmhs.v5i3.82","url":null,"abstract":"The cervical spine trauma is a frequent and serious lesion involving not only the vital prognostic but also functional. The target of this work was to determinate the epidemiological clinical profile and the issue related to the management of cervical spine traumatism in Madagascar. It was the 3 years retrospective works with 41 cases of the cervical spine trauma hospitalized and supported in a department of neurosurgery and resuscitation at CHU-JRA Antananarivo Madagascar. We included all patients’ records for traumatized cervical spine and incomplete files have been excluded. While the targeted period, 41 cases of the cervical spine trauma has been studied, 24, 39% of traumatized was between 21-30 years old with a clear male predominance of 80, 48% (sex ratio 4, 1). The etiology is dominated by a fall and the majority was of domestic accident (46,34%). The cervical wounded was part of polytrauma, 58, 53 % of the case are brain injury. Clinically, 39, 02% of the patients were tetraplegic and the standard radiograph represented the requested radiological tool in 82.92%. The mortality rate was 21, 95%. The cervical spine trauma remains pathology difficult to manage because of the respiratory risk which requires a managing in reanimation and the prognostic vital is reserved for complete quadriplegics. ","PeriodicalId":122699,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Medical and Health Science","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127345645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
James D Yelima, S. A. Ufelle, A. Bukar, Dauda Madubu Milgwe, Oyeleke kikilemo Olayemi, Chidozie Kenechi Chikwendu
Dendritic cells play an important role in host immunity by inducing innate inflammatory responses to pathogens, efficiently priming immature T cells, activating memory T cells and promoting B cell activation. Dendritic cells are also integral in maintaining steady- state immune homeostasis by continually presenting tissue-derived selfantigens to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the absence of inflammatory signals, leading to tolerance against those self-antigens. The important of innate immunity lies not only in directly confronting pathogenic and non-pathogenic insults but also in instructing the development of an efficient adaptive immune response.
{"title":"REVIEW ARTICLE: THE ROLE OF DENDRITIC CELLS IN THE CONTROL ON INNATE IMMUNITY","authors":"James D Yelima, S. A. Ufelle, A. Bukar, Dauda Madubu Milgwe, Oyeleke kikilemo Olayemi, Chidozie Kenechi Chikwendu","doi":"10.53555/eijmhs.v5i3.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijmhs.v5i3.81","url":null,"abstract":"Dendritic cells play an important role in host immunity by inducing innate inflammatory responses to pathogens, efficiently priming immature T cells, activating memory T cells and promoting B cell activation. Dendritic cells are also integral in maintaining steady- state immune homeostasis by continually presenting tissue-derived selfantigens to CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the absence of inflammatory signals, leading to tolerance against those self-antigens. The important of innate immunity lies not only in directly confronting pathogenic and non-pathogenic insults but also in instructing the development of an efficient adaptive immune response.","PeriodicalId":122699,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Medical and Health Science","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115705965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
O. E. Eteng, I. Arikpo, V. Ekam, G. Ekpo, J. Enobong, K. Abam, Savour Ufot., E. Ubana
Heavy metals and other municipal waste in addition to anthropogenic activities have been observed in surface streams. Since humans consume water every day, it became imperative to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of water and heavy metals concentration in surface streams towards documenting the water quality and streams at Camp2 village, Akamkpa Local Government Area, Cross River State. Methodology: Sample collection bottles were used as specie materials which are really cleaned with substance, cleaned with liquid accompanied by real liquid previous placing in 5%HNO3 for over 24hours. Liquid species were gathered from the surface water bodies by simply scooping. Using plastic bowels into 5litre acid washed polypropylene containers. Samples were collected in two study site, the samples were analyzed for various heavy metals and physicochemical parameters i.e. pH, D.O, Temp, Electrical Conductivity, Total dissolved oxygen, Turbidity, and Total hardness by using standard methods and procedures while heavy metals such Ni, Cd, pb, Hg, As, were also analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results: The physicochemical parameters and heavy metals shows that all the parameters analyzed fell below WHO (2010) Standards for drinking water except for temperature and total hardness which are significantly(P<0.05) within WHO Standards (2010). Also, the results of the heavy metals concentration were above permissibility limits. Hence, these values were above WHO standard (0.1mg/l) and FAO/WHO standards of (0.2mg/kg) while others were within joint FAO/WHO standard limit. Conclusion: Contamination of surface streams in the community has threating both humans’ health and animals including water quality. Therefore, the introduction of physical and chemical heavy metal remediation is required to protect our surface streams within the Environment.
{"title":"THE PUBLIC HEALTH IMPLICATION OF CONSUMING SURFACE WATER IN CONTAMINATED SITES, IN AKAMKPA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, CROSS RIVER STATE.","authors":"O. E. Eteng, I. Arikpo, V. Ekam, G. Ekpo, J. Enobong, K. Abam, Savour Ufot., E. Ubana","doi":"10.53555/eijmhs.v5i3.79","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijmhs.v5i3.79","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals and other municipal waste in addition to anthropogenic activities have been observed in surface streams. Since humans consume water every day, it became imperative to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of water and heavy metals concentration in surface streams towards documenting the water quality and streams at Camp2 village, Akamkpa Local Government Area, Cross River State. \u0000Methodology: Sample collection bottles were used as specie materials which are really cleaned with substance, cleaned with liquid accompanied by real liquid previous placing in 5%HNO3 for over 24hours. Liquid species were gathered from the surface water bodies by simply scooping. Using plastic bowels into 5litre acid washed polypropylene containers. Samples were collected in two study site, the samples were analyzed for various heavy metals and physicochemical parameters i.e. pH, D.O, Temp, Electrical Conductivity, Total dissolved oxygen, Turbidity, and Total hardness by using standard methods and procedures while heavy metals such Ni, Cd, pb, Hg, As, were also analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Results: The physicochemical parameters and heavy metals shows that all the parameters analyzed fell below WHO (2010) Standards for drinking water except for temperature and total hardness which are significantly(P<0.05) within WHO Standards (2010). Also, the results of the heavy metals concentration were above permissibility limits. Hence, these values were above WHO standard (0.1mg/l) and FAO/WHO standards of (0.2mg/kg) while others were within joint FAO/WHO standard limit. Conclusion: Contamination of surface streams in the community has threating both humans’ health and animals including water quality. Therefore, the introduction of physical and chemical heavy metal remediation is required to protect our surface streams within the Environment.","PeriodicalId":122699,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Medical and Health Science","volume":"80 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121165086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Exclusive Breast Feeding of a child remains the best and safest source of nutrition for the vast majority of infants worldwide. However, this recommended practice is hardly adopted by many mothers as no more than 30% of infants are exclusively breastfed globally. Objective: To determine the factors influencing adherence to EBF among mothers of infants aged 0-6 months attending Maternal Child Health Clinic (MCH) in Kisumu County Hospital Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study Study Setting: Maternal Child Health Clinic (MCH) at Kisumu County Hospital. Study Subjects: All mothers of infants aged 0-6 months and receiving health care services in the MCH clinic at Kisumu County Hospital. Results: Sixty-four per cent (64%) of the respondents agreed that pre-lacteal feeds should be commenced as soon a baby is born, 69% of the respondents stated that the number of children a mother has could influence adherence to exclusive breast feeding and 73% stated that infants should be given mixture of feeds during the course of breastfeeding. Conclusion: Demographic factors such as age of the mother, marital status, level of education and number of children a mother has influences the adherence to exclusive breast feeding.
{"title":"DETERMINANTS OF ADHERENCE TO GUIDELINES TO EXCLUSIVE BREAST FEEDING AMONG MOTHERS OF INFANTS AGED 0 – 6 MONTHS ATTENDING MCH CLINIC AT KISUMU COUNTY HOSPITAL","authors":"S. K. Njeru","doi":"10.53555/eijmhs.v5i3.80","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijmhs.v5i3.80","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Exclusive Breast Feeding of a child remains the best and safest source of nutrition for the vast majority of infants worldwide. However, this recommended practice is hardly adopted by many mothers as no more than 30% of infants are exclusively breastfed globally. \u0000Objective: To determine the factors influencing adherence to EBF among mothers of infants aged 0-6 months attending Maternal Child Health Clinic (MCH) in Kisumu County Hospital \u0000Design: A descriptive cross-sectional study \u0000Study Setting: Maternal Child Health Clinic (MCH) at Kisumu County Hospital. \u0000Study Subjects: All mothers of infants aged 0-6 months and receiving health care services in the MCH clinic at Kisumu County Hospital. \u0000Results: Sixty-four per cent (64%) of the respondents agreed that pre-lacteal feeds should be commenced as soon a baby is born, 69% of the respondents stated that the number of children a mother has could influence adherence to exclusive breast feeding and 73% stated that infants should be given mixture of feeds during the course of breastfeeding. \u0000Conclusion: Demographic factors such as age of the mother, marital status, level of education and number of children a mother has influences the adherence to exclusive breast feeding.","PeriodicalId":122699,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Medical and Health Science","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127506103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Worldwide, India was the first country to introduce a National Programme for Family Planning in 1952. Following its memorable inception, the Family Planning project has experienced numerous changes as far as approach and real program usage. Now India has committed in the London summit 2012 for family planning programme or interventions. Family planning programme or interventions will be performed as the main component of Universal Health Coverage. It will be achieved through the largest public health programme in the world, the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and as well as National Urban Health Mission (NUHM). And also, India is focusing on SDG, by 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes, as imitated in Sustainable Development Goal 3.7. Objective: First objective is to analyses the current trend of mCPR and project it for FP2020 and second to analyze the increase in the number of users under FP2020 as per the commitment to increase additional 48 million users. Materials & Method: We performed a secondary analysis on the data given by FP2020’s website. Which provides us information and resources on the global partnership designed for everyone working to advance access to modern contraceptives for all girls and women who want them. Result and conclusion: The result has estimated that the mCPR will rise to 55 percent in 2020 from 53 of 2012. But if we want to achieve the target of 175.39 (127 million users till 2012 and additional user of 48 million till 2020, which comes out to be 175 million) then we will have to increase the mCPR to 68 percent. Then only we will be able to achieve that. Otherwise the target looks unrealistic to achieve.
{"title":"TREND AND PROJECTION OF MODERN CONTRACEPTIVE PREVALENCE RATE IN INDIA FOR FP2020 COMMITMENT","authors":"Abhishek Kumar, R. Dhakad","doi":"10.53555/eijmhs.v5i2.78","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijmhs.v5i2.78","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Worldwide, India was the first country to introduce a National Programme for Family Planning in 1952. Following its memorable inception, the Family Planning project has experienced numerous changes as far as approach and real program usage. Now India has committed in the London summit 2012 for family planning programme or interventions. Family planning programme or interventions will be performed as the main component of Universal Health Coverage. It will be achieved through the largest public health programme in the world, the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) and as well as National Urban Health Mission (NUHM). And also, India is focusing on SDG, by 2030, ensure universal access to sexual and reproductive health-care services, including for family planning, information and education, and the integration of reproductive health into national strategies and programmes, as imitated in Sustainable Development Goal 3.7. \u0000Objective: First objective is to analyses the current trend of mCPR and project it for FP2020 and second to analyze the increase in the number of users under FP2020 as per the commitment to increase additional 48 million users. \u0000Materials & Method: We performed a secondary analysis on the data given by FP2020’s website. Which provides us information and resources on the global partnership designed for everyone working to advance access to modern contraceptives for all girls and women who want them. \u0000Result and conclusion: The result has estimated that the mCPR will rise to 55 percent in 2020 from 53 of 2012. But if we want to achieve the target of 175.39 (127 million users till 2012 and additional user of 48 million till 2020, which comes out to be 175 million) then we will have to increase the mCPR to 68 percent. Then only we will be able to achieve that. Otherwise the target looks unrealistic to achieve. ","PeriodicalId":122699,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Medical and Health Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117007953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Calcline computer program is applied to construct the author's 'probacent' formulas with use of Apple computer, MacBook that express the mathematical relationship among the drug dose of Metrazol, the time after administration and the percentage of mortality or among the voltage of electroshock, the duration and the percentage of occurrence of convulsion in mice. Analysis of the actual and the computer-assisted predicted mortality or percentage of occurrence of convulsion in mice has shown a remarkable agreement and a fair accuracy (p>0.995 in chi square goodness-of-fit test). The method how to construct the 'probacent' formula in biomedical research is described in detail in this study.
{"title":"COMPUTER-ASSISTED 'PROBACENT' FORMULAS PREDICTING TOLERANCE OF MICE TO METRAZOL AND ELECTROSHOCK: USE OF APPLE COMPUTER WITH CALCLINE PROGRAM AND METHOD TO CONSTRUCT","authors":"Sung Jang Chung","doi":"10.53555/eijmhs.v5i2.77","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijmhs.v5i2.77","url":null,"abstract":" Calcline computer program is applied to construct the author's 'probacent' formulas with use of Apple computer, MacBook that express the mathematical relationship among the drug dose of Metrazol, the time after administration and the percentage of mortality or among the voltage of electroshock, the duration and the percentage of occurrence of convulsion in mice. Analysis of the actual and the computer-assisted predicted mortality or percentage of occurrence of convulsion in mice has shown a remarkable agreement and a fair accuracy (p>0.995 in chi square goodness-of-fit test). The method how to construct the 'probacent' formula in biomedical research is described in detail in this study.","PeriodicalId":122699,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Medical and Health Science","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116353404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: In Madagascar, the management of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus is essentially orthopedic, the functional result is difficult to evaluate because little study has been done. Methods: We performed a prospective, single-center study of patients presenting with a diaphyseal fracture of the uncomplicated humerus treated orthopedically with CHUJRA from December 12th, 2015 to March 31st, 2017 and then reviewed at 6 months of follow-up for the functional evaluation. Results: Twenty-seven cases were collected (2.16%). The average age was 38 years old. The sex ratio was 3.5. The road accident was the most common (63% of cases). 16 out of 27 cases were of type a, 6 of type B and 5 of type C. Eighty-eight percent of fractures were consolidated before the 17th week of management. No pseudarthrosis was encountered. At 6 months of follow-up, the functional score according to the modified Stewart and Hundley score was very good in 03 cases, good in 15 cases, 6 cases of good enough and 3 cases of poor results. Conclusion: The diaphyseal fracture of the humerus is frequent and often secondary to a road accident in Madagascar. Orthopedic treatment not only allows for a high rate of consolidation but also a satisfactory functional recovery.
{"title":"PLACE OF ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT OF DIAPHYSEAL FRACTURES OF THE UNCOMPLICATED HUMERUS IN A PRECARIOUS ENVIRONMENT","authors":"Tata Tjf","doi":"10.53555/eijmhs.v5i2.76","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijmhs.v5i2.76","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In Madagascar, the management of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus is essentially orthopedic, the functional result is difficult to evaluate because little study has been done. \u0000Methods: We performed a prospective, single-center study of patients presenting with a diaphyseal fracture of the uncomplicated humerus treated orthopedically with CHUJRA from December 12th, 2015 to March 31st, 2017 and then reviewed at 6 months of follow-up for the functional evaluation. \u0000Results: Twenty-seven cases were collected (2.16%). The average age was 38 years old. The sex ratio was 3.5. The road accident was the most common (63% of cases). 16 out of 27 cases were of type a, 6 of type B and 5 of type C. Eighty-eight percent of fractures were consolidated before the 17th week of management. No pseudarthrosis was encountered. At 6 months of follow-up, the functional score according to the modified Stewart and Hundley score was very good in 03 cases, good in 15 cases, 6 cases of good enough and 3 cases of poor results. \u0000Conclusion: The diaphyseal fracture of the humerus is frequent and often secondary to a road accident in Madagascar. Orthopedic treatment not only allows for a high rate of consolidation but also a satisfactory functional recovery.","PeriodicalId":122699,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Medical and Health Science","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129823639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Sleep disturbance is a growing medical and public health concern with insomnia increasing worldwide. In addition to exacerbating health problems, insomnia may increase psychological vulnerability and proneness to accidents this is a mini narrative review as to the evidence regarding the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in the treatment of sleep disturbances such as insomnia in clinical populations. Method: A search of medical, health, and psychological databases was conducted for mindfulnessbased therapies and intervention variants thereof in the treatment of terms that included: mindfulness-based interventions, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), mindfulness therapies or treatments AND sleep disturbance, insomnia, poor sleep quality, or sleep disorder. Results: Standard protocol mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) interventions and the specific mindfulness-based therapy for insomnia (MBT-I) have been investigated as potential nonpharmacologic treatments for insomnia and sleep disturbance in clinical populations. Additionally, randomized controlled clinical trials have been conducted in this area to determine efficacy of such mindfulness treatment strategies. Conclusion: Accumulating data indicate that mindfulness treatment protocols produce significant sleep outcome benefits with long-term follow-up duration.
{"title":"MINDFULNESS INTERVENTIONS AND SLEEP DISTURBANCE: A MINI REVIEW","authors":"A. Tacón","doi":"10.53555/eijmhs.v5i2.75","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijmhs.v5i2.75","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sleep disturbance is a growing medical and public health concern with insomnia increasing worldwide. In addition to exacerbating health problems, insomnia may increase psychological vulnerability and proneness to accidents this is a mini narrative review as to the evidence regarding the efficacy of mindfulness-based interventions in the treatment of sleep disturbances such as insomnia in clinical populations. \u0000Method: A search of medical, health, and psychological databases was conducted for mindfulnessbased therapies and intervention variants thereof in the treatment of terms that included: mindfulness-based interventions, mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), mindfulness therapies or treatments AND sleep disturbance, insomnia, poor sleep quality, or sleep disorder. \u0000Results: Standard protocol mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) interventions and the specific mindfulness-based therapy for insomnia (MBT-I) have been investigated as potential nonpharmacologic treatments for insomnia and sleep disturbance in clinical populations. Additionally, randomized controlled clinical trials have been conducted in this area to determine efficacy of such mindfulness treatment strategies. \u0000Conclusion: Accumulating data indicate that mindfulness treatment protocols produce significant sleep outcome benefits with long-term follow-up duration.","PeriodicalId":122699,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Medical and Health Science","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132119529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Marked variations are generally found in percentages of response occurring in human subjects and other living organisms exposed to external stressors, depending upon intensity of stressor, duration of exposure and individual sensitivity in biological phenomena. A clear and exact quantitative mathematical relationship among these three factors namely, intensity of stressor, duration of exposure and percentage of occurrence of response in biological phenomena such as human tolerance to total body irradiation is not known. The author proposed a general mathematical formula of 'probacent'-probability equation on the basis of results from animal experiments, clinical data reported in the literature, and theoretical reasoning that approximately expresses the relationship among the three factors. For calculation of the 'probacent'-probability equation, UBASIC program was primarily used in researches in various biomedical phenomena, employing Compaq Presario Windows 95 during a period of 23 years from 1995 to 2017. In this study, a possibility of use of Apple computer (OS-X) for mathematical calculation of the 'probacent'-probability equation was examined. Calcline and UBASIC programs were applied to computer computation of the author's previous publication, " Computer-assisted formulas predicting radiation-exposure-induced-cancer risk in interplanetary travelers: Radiation safety for astronauts in space flight to Mars" and compared with regard to accuracy and applicability in computer computation. Calcline program is found to be usable in place of UBASIC on Apple computer, MacBook. Similarity and difference between Calcline and UBASIC are presented.
在暴露于外部压力源的人类受试者和其他生物体中，根据压力源的强度、暴露的持续时间和个体对生物现象的敏感性，通常发现发生反应的百分比有显著差异。这三个因素，即应激源强度、暴露时间和生物现象(如人体对全身辐照的耐受性)中反应发生的百分比之间的明确和精确的定量数学关系尚不清楚。作者根据动物实验结果、文献报道的临床数据和理论推理，提出了一个大致表达这三个因素之间关系的“概率”-概率方程的通用数学公式。对于“概率”-概率方程的计算，UBASIC程序主要用于各种生物医学现象的研究，使用康柏Presario Windows 95，时间为1995年至2017年的23年。在本研究中，研究了使用苹果电脑(OS-X)进行“概率”-概率方程数学计算的可能性。将Calcline和UBASIC程序应用于作者之前发表的《星际旅行者辐射暴露致癌风险的计算机辅助公式预测:飞往火星的宇航员的辐射安全》的计算机计算，并比较其在计算机计算中的准确性和适用性。Calcline程序被发现可以在苹果电脑MacBook上代替UBASIC。介绍了Calcline与UBASIC的异同。
{"title":"ON THE COMPUTER COMPUTATION OF THE 'PROBACENT'-PROBABILITY EQUATION APPLICABLE TO BIOMEDICAL-PHENOMENA RESEARCH: A REVIEW OF THE 'PROBACENT' FORMULA","authors":"Sung Jang Chung","doi":"10.53555/eijmhs.v5i2.74","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijmhs.v5i2.74","url":null,"abstract":" Marked variations are generally found in percentages of response occurring in human subjects and other living organisms exposed to external stressors, depending upon intensity of stressor, duration of exposure and individual sensitivity in biological phenomena. A clear and exact quantitative mathematical relationship among these three factors namely, intensity of stressor, duration of exposure and percentage of occurrence of response in biological phenomena such as human tolerance to total body irradiation is not known. The author proposed a general mathematical formula of 'probacent'-probability equation on the basis of results from animal experiments, clinical data reported in the literature, and theoretical reasoning that approximately expresses the relationship among the three factors. For calculation of the 'probacent'-probability equation, UBASIC program was primarily used in researches in various biomedical phenomena, employing Compaq Presario Windows 95 during a period of 23 years from 1995 to 2017. In this study, a possibility of use of Apple computer (OS-X) for mathematical calculation of the 'probacent'-probability equation was examined. Calcline and UBASIC programs were applied to computer computation of the author's previous publication, \" Computer-assisted formulas predicting radiation-exposure-induced-cancer risk in interplanetary travelers: Radiation safety for astronauts in space flight to Mars\" and compared with regard to accuracy and applicability in computer computation. Calcline program is found to be usable in place of UBASIC on Apple computer, MacBook. Similarity and difference between Calcline and UBASIC are presented.","PeriodicalId":122699,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Medical and Health Science","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130431812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
As a Muslim, I have a certain belief system that encompasses all of life, including my approach to medical ethics. My belief system is distinctive, as are others. Thus, the approaches of Judaism and Roman Catholicism offer a new perspective on medical ethics. The thesis of this paper is that religious considerations play a large and integral part in medical decision-making. The topics to be discussed include shared values; methodology, along with the related concepts of metaethics and the principle of double effect; and applications of these perspectives in medical ethics, particularly with regard to healthcare decisions involving the end of life. Each area will be explored in this paper in order to give insight into how these religious approaches came to be what they are today and how they present positions in medical ethics which may be at odds with other perspectives not based on any theological doctrines. Specifically, this paper discusses shared values, by referring to human dignity and its concepts, as well as theological principles in health care ethics, and definitions of these principles. In addition, the paper discusses the methodology in Roman Catholicism, in addition to explaining the meaning of natural law. Furthermore, the discussion focuses on metaethics and its theories, as well as a consideration of the principles of double effect (PDE) and its four conditions. Lastly, the discussion considers applications of theologically based medical ethics to the question of forgoing treatment and what are the pillars of ethics with regard to this issue.
{"title":"RELIGIOUS CONSIDERATIONS AS AN INTEGRAL PART IN MEDICAL DECISION-MAKING","authors":"Saleh Alnahdi PhD","doi":"10.53555/eijmhs.v5i2.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53555/eijmhs.v5i2.73","url":null,"abstract":"As a Muslim, I have a certain belief system that encompasses all of life, including my approach to medical ethics. My belief system is distinctive, as are others. Thus, the approaches of Judaism and Roman Catholicism offer a new perspective on medical ethics. The thesis of this paper is that religious considerations play a large and integral part in medical decision-making. The topics to be discussed include shared values; methodology, along with the related concepts of metaethics and the principle of double effect; and applications of these perspectives in medical ethics, particularly with regard to healthcare decisions involving the end of life. Each area will be explored in this paper in order to give insight into how these religious approaches came to be what they are today and how they present positions in medical ethics which may be at odds with other perspectives not based on any theological doctrines. Specifically, this paper discusses shared values, by referring to human dignity and its concepts, as well as theological principles in health care ethics, and definitions of these principles. In addition, the paper discusses the methodology in Roman Catholicism, in addition to explaining the meaning of natural law. Furthermore, the discussion focuses on metaethics and its theories, as well as a consideration of the principles of double effect (PDE) and its four conditions. Lastly, the discussion considers applications of theologically based medical ethics to the question of forgoing treatment and what are the pillars of ethics with regard to this issue. ","PeriodicalId":122699,"journal":{"name":"EPH - International Journal of Medical and Health Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121498826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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