Pub Date : 2002-03-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030110079815
A. Pfohl-leszkowicz, T. Petkova-Bocharova, Chernozemsky In, M. Castegnaro
A series of publications in the 1950s described a kidney disease in Bulgaria, the former Yugoslavia and Romania that became known as Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN). The disease was qualified by World Health Organisation (WHO) experts as ‘progressive and very gradually developing renal failure with insidious onset … The last stage shows marked fibrosis …’. BEN is characterized by tubular degeneration, interstitial fibrosis and hyalinization of glomeruli accompanied by enzymuria and impaired renal function without nephrotic syndrome. Later, an association between BEN and tumours of the kidney pelvis and ureter was recognized, so that the problem of BEN became not only nephrological, but also oncological. There may also be an association with increased urinary bladder cancer incidence, although many confounding factors may interfere in the analysis of data for this organ. In view of the very intimate association between BEN and the urinary tract tumours (UTT), the term ‘endemic uropathy’ has been proposed. Several hypothesis concerning the aetiology of these diseases has been investigated, which include: predisposing genes factors, environmental factors (heavy metals, minerals, bacteria, leptospira, viruses, fungal toxins and, most recently, pliocene lignites). This paper reviews the different hypotheses about the aetiology of endemic uropathy and pays particular attention to the role of fungal toxins.
{"title":"Balkan endemic nephropathy and associated urinary tract tumours: a review on aetiological causes and the potential role of mycotoxins","authors":"A. Pfohl-leszkowicz, T. Petkova-Bocharova, Chernozemsky In, M. Castegnaro","doi":"10.1080/02652030110079815","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110079815","url":null,"abstract":"A series of publications in the 1950s described a kidney disease in Bulgaria, the former Yugoslavia and Romania that became known as Balkan endemic nephropathy (BEN). The disease was qualified by World Health Organisation (WHO) experts as ‘progressive and very gradually developing renal failure with insidious onset … The last stage shows marked fibrosis …’. BEN is characterized by tubular degeneration, interstitial fibrosis and hyalinization of glomeruli accompanied by enzymuria and impaired renal function without nephrotic syndrome. Later, an association between BEN and tumours of the kidney pelvis and ureter was recognized, so that the problem of BEN became not only nephrological, but also oncological. There may also be an association with increased urinary bladder cancer incidence, although many confounding factors may interfere in the analysis of data for this organ. In view of the very intimate association between BEN and the urinary tract tumours (UTT), the term ‘endemic uropathy’ has been proposed. Several hypothesis concerning the aetiology of these diseases has been investigated, which include: predisposing genes factors, environmental factors (heavy metals, minerals, bacteria, leptospira, viruses, fungal toxins and, most recently, pliocene lignites). This paper reviews the different hypotheses about the aetiology of endemic uropathy and pays particular attention to the role of fungal toxins.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"16 1","pages":"282 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89492272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-03-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030110081146
R. V. Willige, J. P. H. Linssen, M. B. J. Meinders, H. J. van der Stege, A. G. J. Voragen
The effect of flavour absorption on the oxygen permeability of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was studied using an isostatic continuous flow system. Polymer samples were exposed to a model solution containing limonene, hexyl acetate, nonanone and decanal at 40°C. After exposure, one part of each sample was analysed for absorbed flavour compounds using a Large Volume Injection GC Ultrasonic ‘in vial’ extraction method, and from the other part, oxygen permeability was measured in a permeation cell at 25°C. After 8h of exposure, LDPE and PP samples showed a significant linear (R2 = 0.82 and 0.99) increase in oxygen permeability of 21 and 130%, respectively. Owing to swelling of the polymer samples resulting from flavour absorption, the structure of the polymeric network changed (i.e. opened) and consequently increased oxygen permeability. The oxygen permeability of exposed PC showed a significant linear (R2 = 0.78) decrease of 11% after 21 days. PC obviously did not swell like LDPE or PP. Therefore, it was suggested that absorbed flavour compounds occupied or blocked ‘microcavities’ through which normally oxygen is transported. Absorption of flavour compounds by PET did not affect the oxygen permeability of PET significantly.
{"title":"Influence of flavour absorption on oxygen permeation through LDPE, PP, PC and PET plastics food packaging","authors":"R. V. Willige, J. P. H. Linssen, M. B. J. Meinders, H. J. van der Stege, A. G. J. Voragen","doi":"10.1080/02652030110081146","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110081146","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of flavour absorption on the oxygen permeability of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polypropylene (PP), polycarbonate (PC) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was studied using an isostatic continuous flow system. Polymer samples were exposed to a model solution containing limonene, hexyl acetate, nonanone and decanal at 40°C. After exposure, one part of each sample was analysed for absorbed flavour compounds using a Large Volume Injection GC Ultrasonic ‘in vial’ extraction method, and from the other part, oxygen permeability was measured in a permeation cell at 25°C. After 8h of exposure, LDPE and PP samples showed a significant linear (R2 = 0.82 and 0.99) increase in oxygen permeability of 21 and 130%, respectively. Owing to swelling of the polymer samples resulting from flavour absorption, the structure of the polymeric network changed (i.e. opened) and consequently increased oxygen permeability. The oxygen permeability of exposed PC showed a significant linear (R2 = 0.78) decrease of 11% after 21 days. PC obviously did not swell like LDPE or PP. Therefore, it was suggested that absorbed flavour compounds occupied or blocked ‘microcavities’ through which normally oxygen is transported. Absorption of flavour compounds by PET did not affect the oxygen permeability of PET significantly.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"19 1","pages":"303 - 313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81927121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-03-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030110081164
J. A. T. Pennington, T. B. Hernandez
The core food dietary intake/exposure model may be used to assess the average intake of nutrients, contaminants and other food components by a population group and various subgroups of the population. The core food model is a mechanism that allows for the selection of the most important foods in a population's food supply so that these foods can be obtained and analysed in the laboratory. The core foods for a population change over time as food consumption patterns are altered by changes in the food supply and/or changes in the demographics of the population. Core foods of the US diet were selected using food consumption data from the 1994–96 US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Continuing Survey of the Food Intake of Individuals (CSFII). The 304 core foods were identified by placing the 5722 foods consumed by survey participants into about 300 groups. The groupings were based on food type, food use and similarity of nutrient composition. The foods within each grouping were ranked in terms of frequency of use and weight of intake, and one food item within each group was selected to become a core food and represent its group. In the model, each core food assumes the full dietary intake (by weight) for all the foods in its group. Daily mean intakes of the 304 selected core foods are presented for women and men of 19–30 years of age. If the food components of interest to investigators using this model are found in selected foods or food types, then only these foods need be analysed. The list of 304 core foods may be shortened by further aggregation to match the needs of different investigators. For example, limited data on food composition may warrant use of a shorter core food list. A shortened food list with average daily intakes of 78 core foods for women and men of 19–30 years of age is provided as an example.
{"title":"Core foods of the US food supply","authors":"J. A. T. Pennington, T. B. Hernandez","doi":"10.1080/02652030110081164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110081164","url":null,"abstract":"The core food dietary intake/exposure model may be used to assess the average intake of nutrients, contaminants and other food components by a population group and various subgroups of the population. The core food model is a mechanism that allows for the selection of the most important foods in a population's food supply so that these foods can be obtained and analysed in the laboratory. The core foods for a population change over time as food consumption patterns are altered by changes in the food supply and/or changes in the demographics of the population. Core foods of the US diet were selected using food consumption data from the 1994–96 US Department of Agriculture (USDA) Continuing Survey of the Food Intake of Individuals (CSFII). The 304 core foods were identified by placing the 5722 foods consumed by survey participants into about 300 groups. The groupings were based on food type, food use and similarity of nutrient composition. The foods within each grouping were ranked in terms of frequency of use and weight of intake, and one food item within each group was selected to become a core food and represent its group. In the model, each core food assumes the full dietary intake (by weight) for all the foods in its group. Daily mean intakes of the 304 selected core foods are presented for women and men of 19–30 years of age. If the food components of interest to investigators using this model are found in selected foods or food types, then only these foods need be analysed. The list of 304 core foods may be shortened by further aggregation to match the needs of different investigators. For example, limited data on food composition may warrant use of a shorter core food list. A shortened food list with average daily intakes of 78 core foods for women and men of 19–30 years of age is provided as an example.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"97 1","pages":"246 - 271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86169561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-02-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030110081155
G. Pandit, S. Sharma, P. Srivastava, S. Sahu
Monitoring of milk and dairy product samples of various brands from different cities in Maharashtra, India, was carried out to determine if there is any contamination due to organochlorine pesticide residues. The measurements were made using a gas chromatograph-electron capture detector system. Trace levels of DDT and HCH were detected in the samples. Total HCH levels in milk and milk product samples were lower than total DDT levels, which could be attributed to earlier extensive antimalaria sanitary activities. Butter had higher levels of DDT than cheese and milk powder. All levels of organochlorine pesticide residues in milk and milk products were well below the maximum permissible limits given by the FAO/WHO. More importantly, as compared with an earlier report, present levels of the contaminants are substantially lower, which indicate the gradual phase out of these compounds.
{"title":"Persistent organochlorine pesticide residues in milk and dairy products in India","authors":"G. Pandit, S. Sharma, P. Srivastava, S. Sahu","doi":"10.1080/02652030110081155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110081155","url":null,"abstract":"Monitoring of milk and dairy product samples of various brands from different cities in Maharashtra, India, was carried out to determine if there is any contamination due to organochlorine pesticide residues. The measurements were made using a gas chromatograph-electron capture detector system. Trace levels of DDT and HCH were detected in the samples. Total HCH levels in milk and milk product samples were lower than total DDT levels, which could be attributed to earlier extensive antimalaria sanitary activities. Butter had higher levels of DDT than cheese and milk powder. All levels of organochlorine pesticide residues in milk and milk products were well below the maximum permissible limits given by the FAO/WHO. More importantly, as compared with an earlier report, present levels of the contaminants are substantially lower, which indicate the gradual phase out of these compounds.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"5 1","pages":"153 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78392047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-02-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030110053002
A. Feigenbaum, D. Scholler, J. Bouquant, G. Brigot, D. Ferrier, R. Franz, L. Lillemark, A. Riquet, J. Petersen, B. V. Lierop, N. Yagoubi
The results of a research project (EU AIR Research Programme CT94-1025) aimed to introduce control of migration into good manufacturing practice and into enforcement work are reported. Representative polymer classes were defined on the basis of chemical structure, technological function, migration behaviour and market share. These classes were characterized by analytical methods. Analytical techniques were investigated for identification of potential migrants. High-temperature gas chromatography was shown to be a powerful method and 1H-magnetic resonance provided a convenient fingerprint of plastic materials. Volatile compounds were characterized by headspace techniques, where it was shown to be essential to differentiate volatile compounds desorbed from those generated during the thermal desorption itself. For metal trace analysis, microwave mineralization followed by atomic absorption was employed. These different techniques were introduced into a systematic testing scheme that is envisaged as being suitable both for industrial control and for enforcement laboratories. Guidelines will be proposed in the second part of this paper.
{"title":"Safety and quality of food contact materials. Part 1: Evaluation of analytical strategies to introduce migration testing into good manufacturing practice","authors":"A. Feigenbaum, D. Scholler, J. Bouquant, G. Brigot, D. Ferrier, R. Franz, L. Lillemark, A. Riquet, J. Petersen, B. V. Lierop, N. Yagoubi","doi":"10.1080/02652030110053002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110053002","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a research project (EU AIR Research Programme CT94-1025) aimed to introduce control of migration into good manufacturing practice and into enforcement work are reported. Representative polymer classes were defined on the basis of chemical structure, technological function, migration behaviour and market share. These classes were characterized by analytical methods. Analytical techniques were investigated for identification of potential migrants. High-temperature gas chromatography was shown to be a powerful method and 1H-magnetic resonance provided a convenient fingerprint of plastic materials. Volatile compounds were characterized by headspace techniques, where it was shown to be essential to differentiate volatile compounds desorbed from those generated during the thermal desorption itself. For metal trace analysis, microwave mineralization followed by atomic absorption was employed. These different techniques were introduced into a systematic testing scheme that is envisaged as being suitable both for industrial control and for enforcement laboratories. Guidelines will be proposed in the second part of this paper.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"34 1","pages":"184 - 201"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85411545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-02-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030110070058
Feng-qin Li, Yu-Wei Li, Xue-yun Luo, T. Yoshizawa
Wheat samples of the 1998 and 1999 crops from Puyang, an area in Henan Province, PR China with a previous human red mould intoxication episode, were analysed for trichothecenes and zearalenone (ZEA). For the 1998 Puyang crop, deoxynivalenol (DON) was the predominant toxin detected abundantly and frequently at a level of up to 14000 μgkg-1 (mean 2850 μgkg-1) in 30 of 31 (97%) wheat samples. Among these were 21 (70%) with a DON level that exceeded the Chinese regulation of 1000 μgkg-1. Nivalenol (NIV) and 15-acetyl-DON (15-ADON) were also found at 578 μgkg-1 (one sample) and 59–1800 μgkg-1 (mean 365 μgkg-1, 20 samples), respectively. ZEA co-occurred in 21 samples at 9–1400 μgkg-1 (mean 209 μgkg-1). Twenty-five (89%) wheat samples from Zhumadian, a region without a history of human red mould intoxication in the same province, contained low levels of DON (53–1240, mean 223 μgkg-1) with seven (25%) co-contaminated with ZEA (10–217, mean 108 μgkg-1). All were free from 15-ADON and NIV. Significant differences in DON, 15-ADON and ZEA concentrations between both areas were found. DON (<1000 μgkg-1) and ZEA (5–113 μgkg-1) were also detected in the 1999 Puyang wheat. Proper environmental conditions for Fusarium species surviving winter combined with unusual high precipitation during wheat flowering were responsible for a high concentration of Fusarium mycotoxins in the 1998 Puyang wheat.
{"title":"Fusarium toxins in wheat from an area in Henan Province, PR China, with a previous human red mould intoxication episode","authors":"Feng-qin Li, Yu-Wei Li, Xue-yun Luo, T. Yoshizawa","doi":"10.1080/02652030110070058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110070058","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat samples of the 1998 and 1999 crops from Puyang, an area in Henan Province, PR China with a previous human red mould intoxication episode, were analysed for trichothecenes and zearalenone (ZEA). For the 1998 Puyang crop, deoxynivalenol (DON) was the predominant toxin detected abundantly and frequently at a level of up to 14000 μgkg-1 (mean 2850 μgkg-1) in 30 of 31 (97%) wheat samples. Among these were 21 (70%) with a DON level that exceeded the Chinese regulation of 1000 μgkg-1. Nivalenol (NIV) and 15-acetyl-DON (15-ADON) were also found at 578 μgkg-1 (one sample) and 59–1800 μgkg-1 (mean 365 μgkg-1, 20 samples), respectively. ZEA co-occurred in 21 samples at 9–1400 μgkg-1 (mean 209 μgkg-1). Twenty-five (89%) wheat samples from Zhumadian, a region without a history of human red mould intoxication in the same province, contained low levels of DON (53–1240, mean 223 μgkg-1) with seven (25%) co-contaminated with ZEA (10–217, mean 108 μgkg-1). All were free from 15-ADON and NIV. Significant differences in DON, 15-ADON and ZEA concentrations between both areas were found. DON (<1000 μgkg-1) and ZEA (5–113 μgkg-1) were also detected in the 1999 Puyang wheat. Proper environmental conditions for Fusarium species surviving winter combined with unusual high precipitation during wheat flowering were responsible for a high concentration of Fusarium mycotoxins in the 1998 Puyang wheat.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"11 1","pages":"163 - 167"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90123513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-02-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030110070067
A. Turbic, J. Ahokas, C. Haskard
Specific strains of lactic acid bacteria possessing antimutagenic properties are suggested to remove mutagenic contaminants of foods through binding and an investigation of their substrate specificity is required. The ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains GG and LC-705 in viable and non-viable (heat- and acidtreated) forms to remove both dietary mutagens and other aromatic dietary substrates from solution was studied using HPLC. Overall, removal increased in the order: caffeine = vitamin B12 = folic acid < ochratoxin A < aflatoxin B1 = PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5- b]pyridine) < Trp-P-1 (3-amino-1, 4-dimethyl-5 H -pyrido[4,3- b]indole) (p < 0.05). Aflatoxin B1, Trp-P-1 and PhIP were removed in high amounts (77–95%) and ochratoxin A was removed in moderate amounts (36–76%). By contrast, only minimal amounts of caffeine, vitamin B12 and folic acid were removed (9–28%). The significant removal of selected mutagens, but not other substrates, suggests these strains may be useful for dietary detoxification. Since exposure to multiple mutagens is likely, the removal of aflatoxin B1 and Trp-P-1 from a mixture of these substrates was also investigated. Removal of AFB1 significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the presence of Trp-P-1, while removal of Trp-P-1 significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the presence of AFB1. Overall, no significant differences in removal were found between bacterial strains or between viable, heat- and acid-treated bacteria.
{"title":"Selective in vitro binding of dietary mutagens, individually or in combination, by lactic acid bacteria","authors":"A. Turbic, J. Ahokas, C. Haskard","doi":"10.1080/02652030110070067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110070067","url":null,"abstract":"Specific strains of lactic acid bacteria possessing antimutagenic properties are suggested to remove mutagenic contaminants of foods through binding and an investigation of their substrate specificity is required. The ability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains GG and LC-705 in viable and non-viable (heat- and acidtreated) forms to remove both dietary mutagens and other aromatic dietary substrates from solution was studied using HPLC. Overall, removal increased in the order: caffeine = vitamin B12 = folic acid < ochratoxin A < aflatoxin B1 = PhIP (2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5- b]pyridine) < Trp-P-1 (3-amino-1, 4-dimethyl-5 H -pyrido[4,3- b]indole) (p < 0.05). Aflatoxin B1, Trp-P-1 and PhIP were removed in high amounts (77–95%) and ochratoxin A was removed in moderate amounts (36–76%). By contrast, only minimal amounts of caffeine, vitamin B12 and folic acid were removed (9–28%). The significant removal of selected mutagens, but not other substrates, suggests these strains may be useful for dietary detoxification. Since exposure to multiple mutagens is likely, the removal of aflatoxin B1 and Trp-P-1 from a mixture of these substrates was also investigated. Removal of AFB1 significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the presence of Trp-P-1, while removal of Trp-P-1 significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the presence of AFB1. Overall, no significant differences in removal were found between bacterial strains or between viable, heat- and acid-treated bacteria.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"15 1","pages":"144 - 152"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85326689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-02-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030110066198
I. E. Helmroth, M. Dekker, T. Hankemeier
The effect of solvent absorption on additive migration was studied by relating the diffusion coefficient (D) of Irganox 1076 to the maximum solvent absorption of different solvents in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film. Solvents tested were ethanol, isopropanol, isooctane, ethylacetate, cyclohexane, tributyrin, tricaprylin and olive oil. Diffusion and partition coefficients were determined by fitting the migration curves, i.e. the concentration of Irganox 1076 in solvent as a function of time, with Fick's diffusion equation. The results for the low molecular weight solvents show that with increasing maximum solvent absorption, D of Irganox 1076 is increasing as well. This trend is not observed for the two triglycerides and olive oil. In spite of absorption, no increase in D was observed. The obtained result is the basis of an extended predictive migration model that, besides migrant and polymer properties, is also based on the maximum solvent absorption in the polymer.
{"title":"Influence of solvent absorption on the migration of Irganox 1076 from LDPE","authors":"I. E. Helmroth, M. Dekker, T. Hankemeier","doi":"10.1080/02652030110066198","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110066198","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of solvent absorption on additive migration was studied by relating the diffusion coefficient (D) of Irganox 1076 to the maximum solvent absorption of different solvents in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film. Solvents tested were ethanol, isopropanol, isooctane, ethylacetate, cyclohexane, tributyrin, tricaprylin and olive oil. Diffusion and partition coefficients were determined by fitting the migration curves, i.e. the concentration of Irganox 1076 in solvent as a function of time, with Fick's diffusion equation. The results for the low molecular weight solvents show that with increasing maximum solvent absorption, D of Irganox 1076 is increasing as well. This trend is not observed for the two triglycerides and olive oil. In spite of absorption, no increase in D was observed. The obtained result is the basis of an extended predictive migration model that, besides migrant and polymer properties, is also based on the maximum solvent absorption in the polymer.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"43 1","pages":"176 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82704134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-02-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030110071336
M. Aceto, O. Abollino, M. C. Bruzzoniti, E. Mentasti, C. Sarzanini, M. Malandrino
Metals in wine occur at the mg l-1 level or less and, though not directly related to the taste of the final product, their content should be determined because excess is undesirable, and in some cases prohibited, due to potential toxicity. Lead content in wine, for example, is restricted in several states by legislation to guarantee consumer health protection. Of several methods for metal determination, techniques of atomic spectroscopy are the most sensitive and rapid. Most of the elements present in wine can be determined with these techniques, at concentrations ranging from the mg l-1 to the μg l-1 level. Here, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (flame-AAS) and graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) are compared for their characteristics as employed in metal determination in wine.
{"title":"Determination of metals in wine with atomic spectroscopy (flame-AAS, GF-AAS and ICP-AES); a review","authors":"M. Aceto, O. Abollino, M. C. Bruzzoniti, E. Mentasti, C. Sarzanini, M. Malandrino","doi":"10.1080/02652030110071336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110071336","url":null,"abstract":"Metals in wine occur at the mg l-1 level or less and, though not directly related to the taste of the final product, their content should be determined because excess is undesirable, and in some cases prohibited, due to potential toxicity. Lead content in wine, for example, is restricted in several states by legislation to guarantee consumer health protection. Of several methods for metal determination, techniques of atomic spectroscopy are the most sensitive and rapid. Most of the elements present in wine can be determined with these techniques, at concentrations ranging from the mg l-1 to the μg l-1 level. Here, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES), flame atomic absorption spectrometry (flame-AAS) and graphite furnace-atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) are compared for their characteristics as employed in metal determination in wine.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"47 1","pages":"126 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73023282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-02-01DOI: 10.1080/02652030110071345
J. Park, E. K. Kim, D. Shon, Y. B. Kim
The presence of zearalenone (ZEN) in Korean foods such as barley, barley-based foods, corn, corn-based foods, fruits and vegetables was investigated by direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dcELISA) and the liquid chromatography (LC) method. A total of 164 samples was collected from Seoul, Korea, in 1998 and 1999 including 30 barley, 32 barley-based foods, 18 corn, 47 corn-based foods, 19 dried red pepper, nine dried jujube, and nine dried persimmon. Average recoveries of ZEN from barley and corn by dcELISA were 138 and 145%, and by LC were 91 and 83% respectively at spiking levels of 5–500ng g-1. The detection limit for ZEN was 3ngg-1 by dcELISA and 4ngg-1 by LC. From 164 samples analysed, ZEN was found by dcELISA in 35 samples (21%) with a mean level of 30ngg-1. Barley-based foods had the highest incidence of ZEN (38%) followed by barley (33%), corn-based foods (26%) and corn (22%). No ZEN was detected in any red pepper, jujube or persimmon samples. A high degree of correlation (r2 = 0.86) was observed between the 35 positive samples detected by dcELISA and 31 samples by LC.
{"title":"Occurrence of zearalenone in Korean barley and corn foods","authors":"J. Park, E. K. Kim, D. Shon, Y. B. Kim","doi":"10.1080/02652030110071345","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02652030110071345","url":null,"abstract":"The presence of zearalenone (ZEN) in Korean foods such as barley, barley-based foods, corn, corn-based foods, fruits and vegetables was investigated by direct competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dcELISA) and the liquid chromatography (LC) method. A total of 164 samples was collected from Seoul, Korea, in 1998 and 1999 including 30 barley, 32 barley-based foods, 18 corn, 47 corn-based foods, 19 dried red pepper, nine dried jujube, and nine dried persimmon. Average recoveries of ZEN from barley and corn by dcELISA were 138 and 145%, and by LC were 91 and 83% respectively at spiking levels of 5–500ng g-1. The detection limit for ZEN was 3ngg-1 by dcELISA and 4ngg-1 by LC. From 164 samples analysed, ZEN was found by dcELISA in 35 samples (21%) with a mean level of 30ngg-1. Barley-based foods had the highest incidence of ZEN (38%) followed by barley (33%), corn-based foods (26%) and corn (22%). No ZEN was detected in any red pepper, jujube or persimmon samples. A high degree of correlation (r2 = 0.86) was observed between the 35 positive samples detected by dcELISA and 31 samples by LC.","PeriodicalId":12310,"journal":{"name":"Food Additives & Contaminants","volume":"82 1","pages":"158 - 162"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74528314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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