Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2338100
Dima A Sabbah, Rima Hajjo, Sanaa K Bardaweel, Haizhen A Zhong
Introduction: Recent years have witnessed great achievements in drug design and development targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway, a pathway central to cell growth and proliferation. The nearest neighbor protein-protein interaction networks for PI3K and AKT show the interplays between these target proteins which can be harnessed for drug discovery. In this review, we discuss the drug design and clinical development of inhibitors of PI3K/AKT in the past three years. We review in detail the structures, selectivity, efficacy, and combination therapy of 35 inhibitors targeting these proteins, classified based on the target proteins. Approaches to overcoming drug resistance and to minimizing toxicities are discussed. Future research directions for developing combinational therapy and PROTACs of PI3K and AKT inhibitors are also discussed.
Area covered: This review covers clinical trial reports and patent literature on inhibitors of PI3K and AKT published between 2020 and 2023.
Expert opinion: To address drug resistance and drug toxicity of inhibitors of PI3K and AKT, it is highly desirable to design and develop subtype-selective PI3K inhibitors or subtype-selective AKT1 inhibitors to minimize toxicity or to develop allosteric drugs that can form covalent bonds. The development of PROTACs of PI3Kα or AKT helps to reduce off-target toxicities.
{"title":"Targeting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in anticancer research: a recent update on inhibitor design and clinical trials (2020-2023).","authors":"Dima A Sabbah, Rima Hajjo, Sanaa K Bardaweel, Haizhen A Zhong","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2338100","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2338100","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recent years have witnessed great achievements in drug design and development targeting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase-B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway, a pathway central to cell growth and proliferation. The nearest neighbor protein-protein interaction networks for PI3K and AKT show the interplays between these target proteins which can be harnessed for drug discovery. In this review, we discuss the drug design and clinical development of inhibitors of PI3K/AKT in the past three years. We review in detail the structures, selectivity, efficacy, and combination therapy of 35 inhibitors targeting these proteins, classified based on the target proteins. Approaches to overcoming drug resistance and to minimizing toxicities are discussed. Future research directions for developing combinational therapy and PROTACs of PI3K and AKT inhibitors are also discussed.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>This review covers clinical trial reports and patent literature on inhibitors of PI3K and AKT published between 2020 and 2023.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>To address drug resistance and drug toxicity of inhibitors of PI3K and AKT, it is highly desirable to design and develop subtype-selective PI3K inhibitors or subtype-selective AKT1 inhibitors to minimize toxicity or to develop allosteric drugs that can form covalent bonds. The development of PROTACs of PI3Kα or AKT helps to reduce off-target toxicities.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-01Epub Date: 2024-04-09DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2338105
Richa Raj, Pingping Shen, Boyang Yu, Jian Zhang
Introduction: HMGB1 is a non-histone chromatin protein released or secreted in response to tissue damage or infection. Extracellular HMGB1, as a crucial immunomodulatory factor, binds with several different receptors to innate inflammatory responses that aggravate acute and chronic liver diseases. The increased levels of HMGB1 have been reported in various liver diseases, highlighting that it represents a potential biomarker and druggable target for therapeutic development.
Areas covered: This review summarizes the current knowledge on the structure, function, and interacting receptors of HMGB1 and its significance in multiple liver diseases. The latest patented and preclinical studies of HMGB1 inhibitors (antibodies, peptides, and small molecules) for liver diseases are summarized by using the keywords 'HMGB1,' 'HMGB1 antagonist, HMGB1-inhibitor,' 'liver disease' in Web of Science, Google Scholar, Google Patents, and PubMed databases in the year from 2017 to 2023.
Expert opinions: In recent years, extensive research on HMGB1-dependent inflammatory signaling has discovered potent inhibitors of HMGB1 to reduce the severity of liver injury. Despite significant progress in the development of HMGB1 antagonists, few of them are approved for clinical treatment of liver-related diseases. Developing safe and effective specific inhibitors for different HMGB1 isoforms and their interaction with receptors is the focus of future research.
{"title":"A patent review on HMGB1 inhibitors for the treatment of liver diseases.","authors":"Richa Raj, Pingping Shen, Boyang Yu, Jian Zhang","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2338105","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2338105","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>HMGB1 is a non-histone chromatin protein released or secreted in response to tissue damage or infection. Extracellular HMGB1, as a crucial immunomodulatory factor, binds with several different receptors to innate inflammatory responses that aggravate acute and chronic liver diseases. The increased levels of HMGB1 have been reported in various liver diseases, highlighting that it represents a potential biomarker and druggable target for therapeutic development.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>This review summarizes the current knowledge on the structure, function, and interacting receptors of HMGB1 and its significance in multiple liver diseases. The latest patented and preclinical studies of HMGB1 inhibitors (antibodies, peptides, and small molecules) for liver diseases are summarized by using the keywords 'HMGB1,' 'HMGB1 antagonist, HMGB1-inhibitor,' 'liver disease' in Web of Science, Google Scholar, Google Patents, and PubMed databases in the year from 2017 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Expert opinions: </strong>In recent years, extensive research on HMGB1-dependent inflammatory signaling has discovered potent inhibitors of HMGB1 to reduce the severity of liver injury. Despite significant progress in the development of HMGB1 antagonists, few of them are approved for clinical treatment of liver-related diseases. Developing safe and effective specific inhibitors for different HMGB1 isoforms and their interaction with receptors is the focus of future research.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140335335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-03-12DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2327307
Rima Hajjo, Dima A Sabbah, Sanaa K Bardaweel, Haizhen A Zhong
Introduction: Recent years have seen significant strides in drug developmenttargeting the EGFR/RAS/RAF signaling pathway which is critical forcell growth and proliferation. Protein-protein interaction networksamong EGFR, RAS, and RAF proteins offer insights for drug discovery. This review discusses the drug design and development efforts ofinhibitors targeting these proteins over the past 3 years, detailingtheir structures, selectivity, efficacy, and combination therapy.Strategies to combat drug resistance and minimize toxicities areexplored, along with future research directions.
Area covered: This review encompasses clinical trials and patents on EGFR, KRAS,and BRAF inhibitors from 2020 to 2023, including advancements indesign and synthesis of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) forprotein degradation.
Expert opinion: To tackle drug resistance, designing allosteric fourth-generationEGFR inhibitors is vital. Covalent, allosteric, or combinationaltherapies, along with PROTAC degraders, are key methods to addressresistance and toxicity in KRAS and BRAF inhibitors.
{"title":"Targeting the EGFR/RAS/RAF signaling pathway in anticancer research: a recent update on inhibitor design and clinical trials (2020-2023).","authors":"Rima Hajjo, Dima A Sabbah, Sanaa K Bardaweel, Haizhen A Zhong","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2327307","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2327307","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Recent years have seen significant strides in drug developmenttargeting the EGFR/RAS/RAF signaling pathway which is critical forcell growth and proliferation. Protein-protein interaction networksamong EGFR, RAS, and RAF proteins offer insights for drug discovery. This review discusses the drug design and development efforts ofinhibitors targeting these proteins over the past 3 years, detailingtheir structures, selectivity, efficacy, and combination therapy.Strategies to combat drug resistance and minimize toxicities areexplored, along with future research directions.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>This review encompasses clinical trials and patents on EGFR, KRAS,and BRAF inhibitors from 2020 to 2023, including advancements indesign and synthesis of proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) forprotein degradation.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>To tackle drug resistance, designing allosteric fourth-generationEGFR inhibitors is vital. Covalent, allosteric, or combinationaltherapies, along with PROTAC degraders, are key methods to addressresistance and toxicity in KRAS and BRAF inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140049165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-03-20DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2332661
Barbara De Filippis, Arianna Granese, Alessandra Ammazzalorso
Introduction: The search for novel compounds targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) is currently ongoing, starting from the previous successfully identification of selective, dual or pan agonists. In last years, researchers' efforts are mainly paid to the discovery of PPARγ and δ modulators, both agonists and antagonists, selective or with a dual-multitarget profile. Some of these compounds are currently under clinical trials for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic, and renal diseases.
Areas covered: A critical analysis of patents deposited in the range 2020-2023 was carried out. The novel compounds discovered were classified as selective PPAR modulators, dual and multitarget PPAR agonists. The use of PPAR ligands in combination with other drugs was also discussed, together with novel therapeutic indications proposed for them.
Expert opinion: From the analysis of the patent literature, the current emerging landscape sees the necessity to obtain PPAR multitarget compounds, with a balanced potency on three subtypes and the ability to modulate different targets. This multitarget action holds great promise as a novel approach to complex disorders, as metabolic, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. The utility of PPAR ligands in the immunotherapy field also opens an innovative scenario, that could deserve further applications.
{"title":"Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor agonists and antagonists: an updated patent review (2020-2023).","authors":"Barbara De Filippis, Arianna Granese, Alessandra Ammazzalorso","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2332661","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2332661","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The search for novel compounds targeting Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors (PPARs) is currently ongoing, starting from the previous successfully identification of selective, dual or pan agonists. In last years, researchers' efforts are mainly paid to the discovery of PPARγ and δ modulators, both agonists and antagonists, selective or with a dual-multitarget profile. Some of these compounds are currently under clinical trials for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatic, and renal diseases.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>A critical analysis of patents deposited in the range 2020-2023 was carried out. The novel compounds discovered were classified as selective PPAR modulators, dual and multitarget PPAR agonists. The use of PPAR ligands in combination with other drugs was also discussed, together with novel therapeutic indications proposed for them.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>From the analysis of the patent literature, the current emerging landscape sees the necessity to obtain PPAR multitarget compounds, with a balanced potency on three subtypes and the ability to modulate different targets. This multitarget action holds great promise as a novel approach to complex disorders, as metabolic, inflammatory diseases, and cancer. The utility of PPAR ligands in the immunotherapy field also opens an innovative scenario, that could deserve further applications.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140157879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01Epub Date: 2024-03-08DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2024.2327295
Jianfeng Liu, Huangliang Shu, Qinxin Xia, Qidong You, Lei Wang
Introduction: The 90-kDa heat shock protein (HSP90) functions as a molecular chaperone, it assumes a significant role in diseases such as cancer, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and infection. Therefore, the research and development of HSP90 inhibitors have garnered considerable attention.
Areas covered: The primary references source for this review is patents obtained from SciFinder, encompassing patents on HSP90 inhibitors from the period of 2020 to 2023.This review includes a thorough analysis of their structural attributes, pharmacological properties, and potential clinical utilities.
Expert opinion: In the past few years, HSP90 inhibitors targeting ATP binding pocket are still predominate and one of them has been launched, besides, novel drug design strategies like C-terminal targeting, isoform selective inhibiting and bifunctional molecules are booming, aiming to improve the efficacy and safety. With expanded drug types and applications, HSP90 inhibitors may gradually becoming a sagacious option for treating various diseases.
{"title":"Recent developments of HSP90 inhibitors: an updated patent review (2020-present).","authors":"Jianfeng Liu, Huangliang Shu, Qinxin Xia, Qidong You, Lei Wang","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2327295","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2327295","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>The 90-kDa heat shock protein (HSP90) functions as a molecular chaperone, it assumes a significant role in diseases such as cancer, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and infection. Therefore, the research and development of HSP90 inhibitors have garnered considerable attention.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>The primary references source for this review is patents obtained from SciFinder, encompassing patents on HSP90 inhibitors from the period of 2020 to 2023.This review includes a thorough analysis of their structural attributes, pharmacological properties, and potential clinical utilities.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>In the past few years, HSP90 inhibitors targeting ATP binding pocket are still predominate and one of them has been launched, besides, novel drug design strategies like C-terminal targeting, isoform selective inhibiting and bifunctional molecules are booming, aiming to improve the efficacy and safety. With expanded drug types and applications, HSP90 inhibitors may gradually becoming a sagacious option for treating various diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140027793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Cysteine proteases are involved in a broad range of biological functions, ranging from extracellular matrix turnover to immunity. Playing an important role in the onset and progression of several diseases, including cancer, immune-related and neurodegenerative disease, viral and parasitic infections, cysteine proteases represent an attractive drug target for the development of therapeutic tools.
Areas covered: Recent scientific and patent literature focusing on the design and study of cysteine protease inhibitors with potential therapeutic application has been reviewed.
Expert opinion: The discovery of a number of effective structurally diverse cysteine protease inhibitors opened up new challenges and opportunities for the development of therapeutic tools. Mechanistic studies and the availability of X-ray crystal structures of some proteases, alone and in complex with inhibitors, provide crucial information for the rational design and development of efficient and selective cysteine protease inhibitors as preclinical candidates for the treatment of different diseases.
导言:半胱氨酸蛋白酶参与了从细胞外基质周转到免疫等广泛的生物功能。半胱氨酸蛋白酶在癌症、免疫相关疾病、神经退行性疾病、病毒和寄生虫感染等多种疾病的发生和发展过程中发挥着重要作用,是开发治疗工具的一个极具吸引力的药物靶点:综述了近期关于设计和研究具有潜在治疗用途的半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂的科学和专利文献:发现了许多有效的结构多样的半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂,为开发治疗工具带来了新的挑战和机遇。一些蛋白酶单独或与抑制剂复合物的机理研究和 X 射线晶体结构为合理设计和开发高效、选择性半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂提供了重要信息,这些抑制剂可作为治疗不同疾病的临床前候选药物。
{"title":"Therapeutic cysteine protease inhibitors: a patent review (2018-present).","authors":"Giulia Barchielli, Antonella Capperucci, Damiano Tanini","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2327299","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2024.2327299","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Cysteine proteases are involved in a broad range of biological functions, ranging from extracellular matrix turnover to immunity. Playing an important role in the onset and progression of several diseases, including cancer, immune-related and neurodegenerative disease, viral and parasitic infections, cysteine proteases represent an attractive drug target for the development of therapeutic tools.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>Recent scientific and patent literature focusing on the design and study of cysteine protease inhibitors with potential therapeutic application has been reviewed.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>The discovery of a number of effective structurally diverse cysteine protease inhibitors opened up new challenges and opportunities for the development of therapeutic tools. Mechanistic studies and the availability of X-ray crystal structures of some proteases, alone and in complex with inhibitors, provide crucial information for the rational design and development of efficient and selective cysteine protease inhibitors as preclinical candidates for the treatment of different diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140039075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-12DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2294808
Junyu Zhang, Jin Wang, Yanchen Li, Xiaoyan Pan, Jingkun Qu, Jie Zhang
Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the development of numerous vascular structures and is involved in a variety of physiologic and pathologic processes, including psoriasis, diabetic retinopathy,...
{"title":"A patent perspective of antiangiogenic agents","authors":"Junyu Zhang, Jin Wang, Yanchen Li, Xiaoyan Pan, Jingkun Qu, Jie Zhang","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2023.2294808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13543776.2023.2294808","url":null,"abstract":"Angiogenesis plays a crucial role in the development of numerous vascular structures and is involved in a variety of physiologic and pathologic processes, including psoriasis, diabetic retinopathy,...","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138572019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-15DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2297729
Hafiza Amna Younus, Faiza Saleem, Abdul Hameed, Mariya Al-Rashida, Raed A Al-Qawasmeh, Mohamed El-Naggar, Sobia Rana, Muhammad Saeed, Khalid Mohammed Khan
Introduction: Schiff bases are compounds with characteristic features of azomethine linkage (-C=N-). Schiff bases are capable of coordinating with metal ions via azomethine nitrogen. Schiff base derivatives and their metal complexes are known for intriguing novel therapeutic properties. In organic synthesis, the Schiff base reaction is prime in creating the C-N bond. Synthetic accessibility and structural diversity are the salient features for facile synthesis of Schiff base hybrids via a condensation reaction between an aldehyde/ketone and primary amines.
Area covered: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the commendable medicinal applications of Schiff base derivatives and their metal complexes patented from 2016 to 2023.
Expert opinion: Schiff base derivatives are exceptional molecules for their assorted applications in medicinal chemistry. Several Schiff base products are marketed as drugs, and plenty of room is available for the purposive synthesis of new compounds in a diverse pool of disciplines. Expansion in the derivatization of Schiff bases in innumerable directions with multitudinous applications makes them 'magical molecules.' These compounds have proved extraordinary, from medicinal chemistry to other fields outside medicine. This review covers the therapeutic importance of Schiff base derivatives and aims to cover the patents published in recent years (2016-2023).
{"title":"Part-II: an update of Schiff bases synthesis and applications in medicinal chemistry-a patent review (2016-2023).","authors":"Hafiza Amna Younus, Faiza Saleem, Abdul Hameed, Mariya Al-Rashida, Raed A Al-Qawasmeh, Mohamed El-Naggar, Sobia Rana, Muhammad Saeed, Khalid Mohammed Khan","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2023.2297729","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2023.2297729","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Schiff bases are compounds with characteristic features of azomethine linkage (-C=N-). Schiff bases are capable of coordinating with metal ions via azomethine nitrogen. Schiff base derivatives and their metal complexes are known for intriguing novel therapeutic properties. In organic synthesis, the Schiff base reaction is prime in creating the C-N bond. Synthetic accessibility and structural diversity are the salient features for facile synthesis of Schiff base hybrids via a condensation reaction between an aldehyde/ketone and primary amines.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the commendable medicinal applications of Schiff base derivatives and their metal complexes patented from 2016 to 2023.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Schiff base derivatives are exceptional molecules for their assorted applications in medicinal chemistry. Several Schiff base products are marketed as drugs, and plenty of room is available for the purposive synthesis of new compounds in a diverse pool of disciplines. Expansion in the derivatization of Schiff bases in innumerable directions with multitudinous applications makes them 'magical molecules.' These compounds have proved extraordinary, from medicinal chemistry to other fields outside medicine. This review covers the therapeutic importance of Schiff base derivatives and aims to cover the patents published in recent years (2016-2023).</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138795504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-15DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2299349
Thoraya A Farghaly, Ghada S Masaret, Hanan Gaber Abdulwahab
Introduction: Tropane-derived medications have historically played a substantial role in pharmacotherapy. Both natural and synthetic derivatives of tropane find application in addressing diverse medical conditions. Prominent examples of tropane-based drugs include hyoscine butylbromide, recognized for its antispasmodic properties, atropine, employed as a mydriatic, maraviroc, known for its antiviral effects. trospium chloride, utilized as a spasmolytic for overactive bladder, and ipratropium, a bronchodilator.
Areas covered: We compiled patents pertaining to the biological activity of substances containing tropane up to the year 2023 and categorized them according to the specific type of biological activity they exhibit. ScienceFinder, ScienceDirect, and Patent Guru were used to search for scientific articles and patent literature up to 2023.
Expert opinion: Pharmaceutical researchers in academic and industrial settings have shown considerable interest in tropane derivatives. Despite this, there remains a substantial amount of work to be undertaken. A focused approach is warranted for the exploration and advancement of both natural and synthetic bioactive molecules containing tropane, facilitated through collaborative efforts between academia and industry. Leveraging contemporary techniques and technologies in medicinal and synthetic chemistry, including high throughput screening, drug repurposing,and biotechnological engineering, holds the potential to unveil novel possibilities and accelerate the drug discovery process for innovative tropane-based pharmaceuticals.
简介:从托烷中提取的药物历来在药物治疗中发挥着重要作用。天然和合成的托烷衍生物可用于治疗各种病症。以托烷为基础的药物主要包括:具有解痉作用的丁溴东莨菪碱、用作眼药水的阿托品、具有抗病毒作用的马拉维若、用作膀胱过度活动症解痉剂的氯化曲司铵以及支气管扩张剂异丙托溴铵:我们汇编了截至 2023 年与含托烷物质的生物活性有关的专利,并根据其表现出的特定生物活性类型进行了分类。我们使用 ScienceFinder、ScienceDirect 和 Patent Guru 搜索了截至 2023 年的科学文章和专利文献:学术界和工业界的制药研究人员对托烷衍生物表现出了浓厚的兴趣。尽管如此,仍有大量工作要做。在学术界和工业界的共同努力下,有必要采取重点突出的方法,探索和推进含托烷的天然和合成生物活性分子。利用药物和合成化学方面的现代技术和工艺,包括高通量筛选、药物再利用和生物技术工程,有可能揭示新的可能性,并加快以托烷为基础的创新药物的发现过程。
{"title":"The patent review of the biological activity of tropane containing compounds.","authors":"Thoraya A Farghaly, Ghada S Masaret, Hanan Gaber Abdulwahab","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2023.2299349","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2023.2299349","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Tropane-derived medications have historically played a substantial role in pharmacotherapy. Both natural and synthetic derivatives of tropane find application in addressing diverse medical conditions. Prominent examples of tropane-based drugs include hyoscine butylbromide, recognized for its antispasmodic properties, atropine, employed as a mydriatic, maraviroc, known for its antiviral effects. trospium chloride, utilized as a spasmolytic for overactive bladder, and ipratropium, a bronchodilator.</p><p><strong>Areas covered: </strong>We compiled patents pertaining to the biological activity of substances containing tropane up to the year 2023 and categorized them according to the specific type of biological activity they exhibit. ScienceFinder, ScienceDirect, and Patent Guru were used to search for scientific articles and patent literature up to 2023.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Pharmaceutical researchers in academic and industrial settings have shown considerable interest in tropane derivatives. Despite this, there remains a substantial amount of work to be undertaken. A focused approach is warranted for the exploration and advancement of both natural and synthetic bioactive molecules containing tropane, facilitated through collaborative efforts between academia and industry. Leveraging contemporary techniques and technologies in medicinal and synthetic chemistry, including high throughput screening, drug repurposing,and biotechnological engineering, holds the potential to unveil novel possibilities and accelerate the drug discovery process for innovative tropane-based pharmaceuticals.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139073820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01Epub Date: 2024-01-15DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2298833
Michael Quagliata, Anna Maria Papini, Paolo Rovero
Introduction: Thymosins are small proteins found mainly in the thymus. They are involved in several biological processes, including immunoregulation, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory activity. Due to these multiple activities, thymosins are widely used as therapeutics. In fact, these peptides have shown interesting results in the treatment of eye disorders, anticancer therapy, and dysregulated immune disorders.
Area covered: We analyzed the thymosins therapeutic patent landscape describing the most significant patents published after 2018 and originally written in English, classified according to the different type of functions and diseases. We searched 'Thymosin' on Patentscope and Espacenet.
Expert opinion: Thymalfasin (Zadaxin) is the only FDA-approved thymosine-based drug used to treat chronic hepatitis B and C and as a chemotherapy inducer. This outcome demonstrates how thymosins can be exploited as therapeutics, especially in immunological and anti-cancer therapies. However, the development of modified thymosins could expand their therapeutic interest and application in different diseases. In fact, by chemical modifications, it is possible to increase proteolytic stability in the biological environment, enhance cell permeability, and stabilize the secondary structure of the peptide. Finally, the development of shorter sequences could reduce the cost and production time of these thymosin-based drugs.
{"title":"Therapeutic applications of thymosin peptides: a patent landscape 2018-present.","authors":"Michael Quagliata, Anna Maria Papini, Paolo Rovero","doi":"10.1080/13543776.2023.2298833","DOIUrl":"10.1080/13543776.2023.2298833","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Thymosins are small proteins found mainly in the thymus. They are involved in several biological processes, including immunoregulation, angiogenesis, and anti-inflammatory activity. Due to these multiple activities, thymosins are widely used as therapeutics. In fact, these peptides have shown interesting results in the treatment of eye disorders, anticancer therapy, and dysregulated immune disorders.</p><p><strong>Area covered: </strong>We analyzed the thymosins therapeutic patent landscape describing the most significant patents published after 2018 and originally written in English, classified according to the different type of functions and diseases. We searched 'Thymosin' on Patentscope and Espacenet.</p><p><strong>Expert opinion: </strong>Thymalfasin (Zadaxin) is the only FDA-approved thymosine-based drug used to treat chronic hepatitis B and C and as a chemotherapy inducer. This outcome demonstrates how thymosins can be exploited as therapeutics, especially in immunological and anti-cancer therapies. However, the development of modified thymosins could expand their therapeutic interest and application in different diseases. In fact, by chemical modifications, it is possible to increase proteolytic stability in the biological environment, enhance cell permeability, and stabilize the secondary structure of the peptide. Finally, the development of shorter sequences could reduce the cost and production time of these thymosin-based drugs.</p>","PeriodicalId":12314,"journal":{"name":"Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138829134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}