Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.25
ALEXANDRA TOMA
Environmental pollution with medicines is a major problem against which the best solutions are sought, in the context of a risk of contamination present in all activities relating to medicines, including those specific to the community pharmacy. The objective of the paper was to identify the best ways for developing the role of the Romanian community pharmacy in environmental protection. We performed documentary research on the websites of professional associations and pharmacies in Romania to find relevant documents, which we submitted to a thematic analysis. The community pharmacy can contribute to the protection of the environment in many ways, from reducing the waste of medicines, by promoting rational use practices and providing appropriate services for patient adherence to treatment, to collecting waste medicines from the population. In Romania, the community pharmacy is too little involved in environmental protection, therefore proper regulation of its role is necessary, combined with the will of pharmacy owners and professional associations to develop it. The most accessible ways to involve the Romanian community pharmacy include adopting institutional green policies and providing information to the population regarding the best practices for environmental protection. Rezumat
{"title":"DEVELOPING THE ROLE OF THE ROMANIAN COMMUNITY PHARMACY IN ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION","authors":"ALEXANDRA TOMA","doi":"10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.25","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental pollution with medicines is a major problem against which the best solutions are sought, in the context of a risk of contamination present in all activities relating to medicines, including those specific to the community pharmacy. The objective of the paper was to identify the best ways for developing the role of the Romanian community pharmacy in environmental protection. We performed documentary research on the websites of professional associations and pharmacies in Romania to find relevant documents, which we submitted to a thematic analysis. The community pharmacy can contribute to the protection of the environment in many ways, from reducing the waste of medicines, by promoting rational use practices and providing appropriate services for patient adherence to treatment, to collecting waste medicines from the population. In Romania, the community pharmacy is too little involved in environmental protection, therefore proper regulation of its role is necessary, combined with the will of pharmacy owners and professional associations to develop it. The most accessible ways to involve the Romanian community pharmacy include adopting institutional green policies and providing information to the population regarding the best practices for environmental protection. Rezumat","PeriodicalId":12344,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139313282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.17
Monica Denisa Elena POPESCU
Sorafenib and nilotinib are two tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) used in the treatment of cancer. Plasmatic levels of the drugs show an important variability, so determining plasma concentration of the drugs, benefits in cancer treatment can be improved. Most papers published so far in the literature use protein precipitation followed by liquid chromatography - tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) as separation and detection method. With this work, we propose an alternative method for the analysis of both TKIs in human plasma. Solid phase extraction (SPE) involving Oasis PRiME HLB ® cartridges was our choice for plasma “clean-up” procedure. Extraction recoveries were at least 85%. Chromatography was performed by an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic system (UHPLC), using a C18 (4.6 x 50 mm) column and a mobile phase consisting of ammonium acetate/acetic acid-acetonitrile gradient elution. Detector was a simple mass spectrometer (MS) in Single Ion Recording (SIR) mode. Intra-and inter-day precision data for both TKIs were 3.8 - 7.6% and 4.5 - 8.8% for sorafenib and nilotinib, respectively. Sorafenib and nilotinib calibration curves were linear between 500 and 20000 ng/mL and 5 and 5000 ng/mL respectively, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.998. Analytes were determined in a 15 min run-time. The validated LC-MS method was applied in real human plasma routine analysis. This method may improve dose adjustment of the drugs in patients involved in cancer therapy
{"title":"QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF SORAFENIB AND NILOTINIB IN HUMAN PLASMA BY SPE-LC-MS","authors":"Monica Denisa Elena POPESCU","doi":"10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.17","url":null,"abstract":"Sorafenib and nilotinib are two tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) used in the treatment of cancer. Plasmatic levels of the drugs show an important variability, so determining plasma concentration of the drugs, benefits in cancer treatment can be improved. Most papers published so far in the literature use protein precipitation followed by liquid chromatography - tandem mass-spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) as separation and detection method. With this work, we propose an alternative method for the analysis of both TKIs in human plasma. Solid phase extraction (SPE) involving Oasis PRiME HLB ® cartridges was our choice for plasma “clean-up” procedure. Extraction recoveries were at least 85%. Chromatography was performed by an ultra-high-performance liquid chromatographic system (UHPLC), using a C18 (4.6 x 50 mm) column and a mobile phase consisting of ammonium acetate/acetic acid-acetonitrile gradient elution. Detector was a simple mass spectrometer (MS) in Single Ion Recording (SIR) mode. Intra-and inter-day precision data for both TKIs were 3.8 - 7.6% and 4.5 - 8.8% for sorafenib and nilotinib, respectively. Sorafenib and nilotinib calibration curves were linear between 500 and 20000 ng/mL and 5 and 5000 ng/mL respectively, with correlation coefficients higher than 0.998. Analytes were determined in a 15 min run-time. The validated LC-MS method was applied in real human plasma routine analysis. This method may improve dose adjustment of the drugs in patients involved in cancer therapy","PeriodicalId":12344,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139313743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.15
Rita MALIZA
Sunflower seed oil (SFO) ( Helianthus annuus L.) is rich in oleic acid and unsaturated fatty acids and can potentially treat various ailments. To validate the ethno-therapeutic claims of the SFO in skin diseases, the incision wound healing activity was studied. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the chemical content and incision wound-healing activities of SFO. Twenty-seven adult male Wistar rats were used, and a 2 cm length and 2 mm depth incision was made on the back of the rat. The rats were administered SFO, povidone iodine (PI), or were left untreated as a control group. Histological evaluations were conducted on postoperative wound tissue biopsies on days 0, 5 and 10. The SFO compounds were assessed using GC/MS analysis, and a subsequent in silico investigation was conducted based on the GC/MS findings. The binding affinity of these compounds to TNF-α, VEGFR1, IGFR1 and TGF-β1 was evaluated. On day 10, sunflower seed oil topical application accelerated wound healing by decreasing wound area and increasing wound contraction compared to untreated and PI-treated wounds. Moreover, granulation tissue expanded more, and the epidermis fully recovered. Twenty-four active compounds were detected using GC/MS, and six are responsible for lipid metabolism regulation and anti-inflammatory activity. The in silico study showed that 9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-3,24,25-triol (3ß,5Z,7E) had a high affinity of - 8.5 kcal/mol for TNF-α. The conclusion of this study shows that SFO has incision wound healing activity in vivo and in silico by controlling the inflammatory phase and proangiogenic factors with a high affinity to bind to TNF-α in the skin tissue
{"title":"INCISION-WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF SUNFLOWER SEED OIL (HELIANTHUS ANNUUS L.: IN VIVO AND IN SILICO STUDY","authors":"Rita MALIZA","doi":"10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.15","url":null,"abstract":"Sunflower seed oil (SFO) ( Helianthus annuus L.) is rich in oleic acid and unsaturated fatty acids and can potentially treat various ailments. To validate the ethno-therapeutic claims of the SFO in skin diseases, the incision wound healing activity was studied. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the chemical content and incision wound-healing activities of SFO. Twenty-seven adult male Wistar rats were used, and a 2 cm length and 2 mm depth incision was made on the back of the rat. The rats were administered SFO, povidone iodine (PI), or were left untreated as a control group. Histological evaluations were conducted on postoperative wound tissue biopsies on days 0, 5 and 10. The SFO compounds were assessed using GC/MS analysis, and a subsequent in silico investigation was conducted based on the GC/MS findings. The binding affinity of these compounds to TNF-α, VEGFR1, IGFR1 and TGF-β1 was evaluated. On day 10, sunflower seed oil topical application accelerated wound healing by decreasing wound area and increasing wound contraction compared to untreated and PI-treated wounds. Moreover, granulation tissue expanded more, and the epidermis fully recovered. Twenty-four active compounds were detected using GC/MS, and six are responsible for lipid metabolism regulation and anti-inflammatory activity. The in silico study showed that 9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(19)-triene-3,24,25-triol (3ß,5Z,7E) had a high affinity of - 8.5 kcal/mol for TNF-α. The conclusion of this study shows that SFO has incision wound healing activity in vivo and in silico by controlling the inflammatory phase and proangiogenic factors with a high affinity to bind to TNF-α in the skin tissue","PeriodicalId":12344,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139313133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.4
ANA-MARIA VLĂSCEANU
This study is intended to explore the impacts of formaldehyde (FA) on human health, the use and sources of FA exposure, and the regulations governing acceptable levels of FA in various products across various regions globally. The objective of this pilot study is to evaluate the risk of human FA exposure in traditional bakery units. The study group consisted of 46 subjects working in various areas: the production area (leavening, baking area, storage area), the area where bakery products are sold to customers and the delivery area to stores. The control group consists of 8 non-exposed, non-smokers subjects. Demographic, medical and anthropometric data were collected based on a questionary and the urinary levels of FA were evaluated as a biomarker of exposure. No statistically significant differences regarding the anthropometric and medical parameters of exposed workers and control group were obtained. The highest levels of FA were recorded in smokers working in the fermentation area. The results indicate statistically significant differences of FA levels between the workers in the
本研究旨在探讨甲醛 (FA) 对人体健康的影响、FA 暴露的使用和来源，以及全球不同地区对各种产品中可接受 FA 含量的规定。这项试点研究的目的是评估传统烘焙单位中人体接触 FA 的风险。研究组由 46 名受试者组成，他们分别在不同的区域工作：生产区（发酵区、烘焙区、储存区）、向客户销售烘焙产品的区域以及向商店发货的区域。对照组由 8 名非接触者和非吸烟者组成。通过问卷调查收集了受试者的人口统计学、医学和人体测量数据，并将尿液中的脂肪酸水平作为暴露的生物标志物进行了评估。在人体测量和医疗参数方面，暴露工人与对照组没有明显的统计学差异。在发酵区工作的吸烟者体内的脂肪酸含量最高。结果表明，在发酵区工作的工人与对照组工人的 FA 含量在统计学上有显著差异。
{"title":"A PILOT STUDY ON FORMALDEHYDE EXPOSURE RISKS OF BAKERY WORKERS","authors":"ANA-MARIA VLĂSCEANU","doi":"10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study is intended to explore the impacts of formaldehyde (FA) on human health, the use and sources of FA exposure, and the regulations governing acceptable levels of FA in various products across various regions globally. The objective of this pilot study is to evaluate the risk of human FA exposure in traditional bakery units. The study group consisted of 46 subjects working in various areas: the production area (leavening, baking area, storage area), the area where bakery products are sold to customers and the delivery area to stores. The control group consists of 8 non-exposed, non-smokers subjects. Demographic, medical and anthropometric data were collected based on a questionary and the urinary levels of FA were evaluated as a biomarker of exposure. No statistically significant differences regarding the anthropometric and medical parameters of exposed workers and control group were obtained. The highest levels of FA were recorded in smokers working in the fermentation area. The results indicate statistically significant differences of FA levels between the workers in the","PeriodicalId":12344,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139313249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.14
Alexander GALKIN
This study evaluates the antiviral activity of a complex phytopreparation consisting of alcohol tinctures of Filipendula vulgaris , Petroselinum crispum , Apium graveolens radices, Galium verum , Linaria vulgaris herbs and Calendula officinalis flowers. The phytopreparation was tested on in vitro models of human alphaherpesvirus 2 (HHV-2), hepatitis C surrogate virus (bovine viral diarrhoea virus, BVDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). The phytopreparation solution demonstrated antiviral activity against all three viruses. The phytopreparation solution is an active inhibitor of HHV-2, BVDV and coronavirus (TGEV) replication with a selectivity index of 80, 320 and 160, respectively. Animal studies showed that the phytopreparation solution (1:100 dilution), when used as a combined treatment regimen ( per os + application), delayed the onset of guinea pig genital herpes first symptoms and reduced the time of disease in vivo . The phytopreparation solution had an antiherpetic therapeutic action similar to that of acyclovir (a reference antiherpetic drug). The induction of αIFN and inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis were suggested mechanisms of the antiviral action of the phytopreparation complex.
{"title":"ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF ORIGINAL FLAVONOIDS-CONTAINING PHYTOPREPARATION AGAINST HUMAN ALPHAHERPESVIRUS 2, HEPATITIS C SURROGATE VIRUS AND TRANSMISSIBLE GASTROENTERITIS CORONAVIRUS","authors":"Alexander GALKIN","doi":"10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.14","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluates the antiviral activity of a complex phytopreparation consisting of alcohol tinctures of Filipendula vulgaris , Petroselinum crispum , Apium graveolens radices, Galium verum , Linaria vulgaris herbs and Calendula officinalis flowers. The phytopreparation was tested on in vitro models of human alphaherpesvirus 2 (HHV-2), hepatitis C surrogate virus (bovine viral diarrhoea virus, BVDV) and transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV). The phytopreparation solution demonstrated antiviral activity against all three viruses. The phytopreparation solution is an active inhibitor of HHV-2, BVDV and coronavirus (TGEV) replication with a selectivity index of 80, 320 and 160, respectively. Animal studies showed that the phytopreparation solution (1:100 dilution), when used as a combined treatment regimen ( per os + application), delayed the onset of guinea pig genital herpes first symptoms and reduced the time of disease in vivo . The phytopreparation solution had an antiherpetic therapeutic action similar to that of acyclovir (a reference antiherpetic drug). The induction of αIFN and inhibition of RNA and DNA synthesis were suggested mechanisms of the antiviral action of the phytopreparation complex.","PeriodicalId":12344,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139313510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.24
Adel S. BASHATAH
The purpose of this study was to analyse the individuals' attitudes about seeking medical care from healthcare professionals in the Riyadh Region of Saudi Arabia (SA). Between November 2022 and January 2023, a cross-sectional, web-based study was performed among residents of Riyadh in SA. In this study, 19-items questionnaires with three sections were employed. IBM Statistic SPSS was used to evaluate the data, and the level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Among the participants, 77.7% (n = 411) agreed that Saudi rules prohibit pharmacists from prescribing drugs without a prescription, while 45% (n = 193) had an unsatisfactory event with a medical doctor. The most common reason for people seeking pharmacist consultation was a common cold 79% (n = 343) followed by cough 64.5% (n = 280), headache 57.1% (n = 248), diarrhoea 38.5% (n = 176), constipation 34.6% (n = 150), fever 45.9% (n = 199). As the insurance status increased, there was a significant decrease in the unsatisfactory event associated with a medical doctor (B = 0.138; t = -2.901; p = 0.004), respectively. A multiple regression predictor analysis revealed that education and health insurance statistically
{"title":"PERCEPTIONS OF PEOPLES TOWARDS HEALTH CARE SEEKING BEHAVIOUR FROM HEALTH CARE PROFESSIONALS – FINDINGS FROM SAUDI COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVE","authors":"Adel S. BASHATAH","doi":"10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.24","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to analyse the individuals' attitudes about seeking medical care from healthcare professionals in the Riyadh Region of Saudi Arabia (SA). Between November 2022 and January 2023, a cross-sectional, web-based study was performed among residents of Riyadh in SA. In this study, 19-items questionnaires with three sections were employed. IBM Statistic SPSS was used to evaluate the data, and the level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Among the participants, 77.7% (n = 411) agreed that Saudi rules prohibit pharmacists from prescribing drugs without a prescription, while 45% (n = 193) had an unsatisfactory event with a medical doctor. The most common reason for people seeking pharmacist consultation was a common cold 79% (n = 343) followed by cough 64.5% (n = 280), headache 57.1% (n = 248), diarrhoea 38.5% (n = 176), constipation 34.6% (n = 150), fever 45.9% (n = 199). As the insurance status increased, there was a significant decrease in the unsatisfactory event associated with a medical doctor (B = 0.138; t = -2.901; p = 0.004), respectively. A multiple regression predictor analysis revealed that education and health insurance statistically","PeriodicalId":12344,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139313634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.1
ANCUȚA-ALINA CONSTANTIN
Tobacco cessation represents a multifaceted approach involving patients who often don't neatly fit into classic prototypes. Researchers found that current smokers experience a more than 10-year reduction in life expectancy compared to non-smokers, and more than half make an attempt each year, but less than 10% manage to stay smoke-free for at least 6 months. Therefore, it's recommended to employ a combination of methods and strategies, ranging from questionnaires to established medications. The role of the medical staff is and remains vital in this context. Nicotine is a potent drug due to its rapid absorption and swift diffusion into the central nervous system, and quitting nicotine leads to important consequences, such as craving, drug-seeking behaviour and withdrawal symptoms. Negative affective states also emerge, characterized by symptoms like depressed mood, anxiety, irritability and insomnia. Hierarchical multiple regression models have revealed that extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness and age are among the predictors of daily cigarette consumption. The authors discuss both traditional and innovative opportunities to expedite this process, while analysing the potential to enhance the compliance of healthcare providers and patients. Smoking cessation, the process of quitting smoking, can be approached through both pharmacological (medication-based) and non-pharmacological (behavioural and supportive) methods. The choice of approach or combination of approaches depends on individual preferences and needs. Rezumat
{"title":"SMOKING CESSATION – WHAT’S NEW?","authors":"ANCUȚA-ALINA CONSTANTIN","doi":"10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.1","url":null,"abstract":"Tobacco cessation represents a multifaceted approach involving patients who often don't neatly fit into classic prototypes. Researchers found that current smokers experience a more than 10-year reduction in life expectancy compared to non-smokers, and more than half make an attempt each year, but less than 10% manage to stay smoke-free for at least 6 months. Therefore, it's recommended to employ a combination of methods and strategies, ranging from questionnaires to established medications. The role of the medical staff is and remains vital in this context. Nicotine is a potent drug due to its rapid absorption and swift diffusion into the central nervous system, and quitting nicotine leads to important consequences, such as craving, drug-seeking behaviour and withdrawal symptoms. Negative affective states also emerge, characterized by symptoms like depressed mood, anxiety, irritability and insomnia. Hierarchical multiple regression models have revealed that extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness and age are among the predictors of daily cigarette consumption. The authors discuss both traditional and innovative opportunities to expedite this process, while analysing the potential to enhance the compliance of healthcare providers and patients. Smoking cessation, the process of quitting smoking, can be approached through both pharmacological (medication-based) and non-pharmacological (behavioural and supportive) methods. The choice of approach or combination of approaches depends on individual preferences and needs. Rezumat","PeriodicalId":12344,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139313276","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.21
L. Stepanyan
The effect of various solvents (hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol) on extraction of phytocomponents of Leonurus cardiaca leaf was studied a long with the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the obtained extracts. The chemical composition of the obtained extracts was studied by the chemical and spectrophotometric methods. The results showed the presence of various phytocompounds in the extracts. It was found that the non-polar solvent hexane extracted a large amount of esters compared to all selected solvents. It was also established that the most polar solvent, isopropanol, extracted large amounts of fatty acids. More extractives (8.5% yield) were extracted with isopropanol and this extract contained the highest amounts of phenolic compounds (68.8 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (22.7 mg RE/g). The analysis of the antioxidant activity showed that the isopropanol extract had the best result. The antibacterial analysis showed that all investigated conditionally pathogenic bacteria ( E. Coli , B. subtilis and Salmonella tуphimurium ) were sensitive to all extracts. Rezumat
{"title":"STUDY OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF THE AERIAL PART OF LEONURUS CARDIACA","authors":"L. Stepanyan","doi":"10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.21","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of various solvents (hexane, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, isopropyl alcohol) on extraction of phytocomponents of Leonurus cardiaca leaf was studied a long with the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of the obtained extracts. The chemical composition of the obtained extracts was studied by the chemical and spectrophotometric methods. The results showed the presence of various phytocompounds in the extracts. It was found that the non-polar solvent hexane extracted a large amount of esters compared to all selected solvents. It was also established that the most polar solvent, isopropanol, extracted large amounts of fatty acids. More extractives (8.5% yield) were extracted with isopropanol and this extract contained the highest amounts of phenolic compounds (68.8 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (22.7 mg RE/g). The analysis of the antioxidant activity showed that the isopropanol extract had the best result. The antibacterial analysis showed that all investigated conditionally pathogenic bacteria ( E. Coli , B. subtilis and Salmonella tуphimurium ) were sensitive to all extracts. Rezumat","PeriodicalId":12344,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139313406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.23
Corina MOISA
Considering the significant role of Mg in the optimal functioning of the entire organism and the widespread consumption of Mg supplements, this study aim was to identify the main factors that influence the choice of Mg supplements by the population, how the consumption of Mg supplements evolved in the post-COVID-19 period compared to the COVID-19 period, but also the pharmacist’s role in advising citizens and promoting Mg supplements. A comparative analysis regarding their consumption over two years, one during and one after the COVID-19 pandemic, was also carried out. For higher relevance of the study, pharmacies with higher consumption of Mg supplements from different county areas were chosen. Considering that most consumers purchase food supplements from pharmacies, the pharmacist's role is decisive in choosing these supplements; depending on the desired effect for each patient, the pharmacist indicated fast-acting or delayed-acting supplements. In this regard, the in vitro release of Mg at
{"title":"THE PHARMACIST’S ROLE IN PROMOTING FOOD SUPPLEMENTS: CONSUMPTION OF MAGNESIUM SUPPLEMENTS IN WESTERN ROMANIA","authors":"Corina MOISA","doi":"10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.23","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the significant role of Mg in the optimal functioning of the entire organism and the widespread consumption of Mg supplements, this study aim was to identify the main factors that influence the choice of Mg supplements by the population, how the consumption of Mg supplements evolved in the post-COVID-19 period compared to the COVID-19 period, but also the pharmacist’s role in advising citizens and promoting Mg supplements. A comparative analysis regarding their consumption over two years, one during and one after the COVID-19 pandemic, was also carried out. For higher relevance of the study, pharmacies with higher consumption of Mg supplements from different county areas were chosen. Considering that most consumers purchase food supplements from pharmacies, the pharmacist's role is decisive in choosing these supplements; depending on the desired effect for each patient, the pharmacist indicated fast-acting or delayed-acting supplements. In this regard, the in vitro release of Mg at","PeriodicalId":12344,"journal":{"name":"FARMACIA","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139313562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.31925/farmacia.2023.5.16
SUMERA QASIM
The present study validates the anti-arthritic and immunosuppressive attributes of enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) with a potential role in major inflammatory pathways. A network pharmacology-based prediction approach was utilised to reveal the possible target genes that can be targeted by enalapril for managing arthritis. In vitro anti-arthritic efficacy of enalapril was assessed using an assay that measures the denaturation of proteins in bovine serum albumin (BSA), egg albumin and the stability of the human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane at a dosage ranging from 100 to 6400 µg/mL. In vivo anti-arthritic efficacy of enalapril at doses of 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg bw was assessed in formaldehyde-induced arthritis model. Dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB)-provoked delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) and cyclophosphamide-provoked myelosuppression were employed to assess the immunosuppressant capacity of enalapril. Network pharmacology outcomes revealed that the anti-arthritic effects of enalapril targets include tumour necrosis factor (TNF), matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and caspase 3 (CASP3). Molecular docking of enalapril with these three targets also validates the strong interaction between them. Enalapril markedly inhibited protein denaturation in egg albumin and bovine serum albumin (BSA) assays and stabilised RBC haemolysis exposed to hypotonic media. Likewise, enalapril demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of paw oedema provoked by formaldehyde. In the DTH assay, enalapril significantly reduced skin thickness compared to the negative control group and exhibited potent immunosuppressant potential in cyclophosphamide-induced myelosuppression. Based on the outcomes of the current study, it can be predicted that enalapril has anti-arthritic attributes that might be due to its immunosuppressive potential
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