Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.30572/2018/kje/150102
Karrar A. Mzedawee, Iman J. Abed
In this thesis, the samples of dental zirconia were sintered to various temperatures (1250,1350, and 1450) °C, and subjected to friction between them in saliva at two different sliding speeds (200 and 400 revolutions per minute) and in various periods (10, 20, and 30 minutes) by using pin on disc wear testing machine, the wear rate was affected by several factors (sintering temperature, sliding speed, and sliding time). Where the rate of wear decreased by the increase of one of these factors with the stabilization of the other two factors.
{"title":"THE INFLUENCE OF SINTERING TEMPERATURE, SLIDING SPEED, AND SLIDING TIME ON THE WEAR RATE OF YTTRIUM-TETRAGONAL ZIRCONIA POLYCRYSTALS (3Y-TZP) FOR DENTAL APPLICATION","authors":"Karrar A. Mzedawee, Iman J. Abed","doi":"10.30572/2018/kje/150102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/150102","url":null,"abstract":"In this thesis, the samples of dental zirconia were sintered to various temperatures (1250,1350, and 1450) °C, and subjected to friction between them in saliva at two different sliding speeds (200 and 400 revolutions per minute) and in various periods (10, 20, and 30 minutes) by using pin on disc wear testing machine, the wear rate was affected by several factors (sintering temperature, sliding speed, and sliding time). Where the rate of wear decreased by the increase of one of these factors with the stabilization of the other two factors.","PeriodicalId":123515,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal of Engineering","volume":"15 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139870765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.30572/2018/kje/150103
Firas Asad, Maysoon Saeed
In spite of the established literature-based evidence regarding the consequences of large truck accidents, limited body of research has been done on the characteristics and risk factors of such road accidents in Iraqi cities and governorates. According to national statistics, there has been a steady increase in the number of trucks and truck-related crashes over the past ten years. This paper aims to investigate the characteristics and risk factors associated with accidents involving large trucks in Al-Najaf governorate. A sample of 400 truck drivers were randomly selected and interviewed to collect the needed accident data. Four generalized linear models have been built; ordinal regression model for total injuries, binary logistic model for fatal accident occurrence, multinomial logit model for accident frequency, and ordinal regression model for accident cost. The analysis results revealed several influential predictors including truck driver age, education level, type of collision, truck speed, truck type, and street lighting condition. The obtained findings should be enlightening and helpful for government organizations looking to promote safety measures for sustainable freight truck transport.
{"title":"INVESTIGATING THE RISK FACTORS AFFECTING THE OCCURRENCE, FREQUENCY, AND SEVERITY OF LARGE TRUCK ACCIDENTS IN AL-NAJAF GOVERNORATE, IRAQ","authors":"Firas Asad, Maysoon Saeed","doi":"10.30572/2018/kje/150103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/150103","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of the established literature-based evidence regarding the consequences of large truck accidents, limited body of research has been done on the characteristics and risk factors of such road accidents in Iraqi cities and governorates. According to national statistics, there has been a steady increase in the number of trucks and truck-related crashes over the past ten years. This paper aims to investigate the characteristics and risk factors associated with accidents involving large trucks in Al-Najaf governorate. A sample of 400 truck drivers were randomly selected and interviewed to collect the needed accident data. Four generalized linear models have been built; ordinal regression model for total injuries, binary logistic model for fatal accident occurrence, multinomial logit model for accident frequency, and ordinal regression model for accident cost. The analysis results revealed several influential predictors including truck driver age, education level, type of collision, truck speed, truck type, and street lighting condition. The obtained findings should be enlightening and helpful for government organizations looking to promote safety measures for sustainable freight truck transport.","PeriodicalId":123515,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal of Engineering","volume":"14 S5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139810494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.30572/2018/kje/150104
M. Ahmed
The growing concern about environmental pollution and the depletion of resources has led to a focus on the use of more sustainable materials. In light of this, the recycling and use of agricultural wastes is highly advanced and sought-after in the concrete technology field. Yearly, an enormous quantity of date palm waste (DPW) is produced, putting stress on the ecosystem and necessitating an urgent disposing method. For this reason, many researchers are looking into the feasibility of incorporating DPW for cement composites in an effort to improve the performance and sustainability of concrete. The use of DPW in the design of concrete and mortar mixes has a significant effect on both the fresh and hardened properties of the resulting composites. This paper reviews the basic information on the types and characteristics of DPW used in previous studies. In addition, the potential inclusion of DPW and its effect on cement-concrete performance are reviewed. This study further highlights the areas that need additional investigation for adopting these waste materials. This will advance academic research and benefit the sustainability of the construction industry.
{"title":"EXPLORING THE CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFECTS OF DATE PALM WASTE ON SOME PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE: A REVIEW","authors":"M. Ahmed","doi":"10.30572/2018/kje/150104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/150104","url":null,"abstract":"The growing concern about environmental pollution and the depletion of resources has led to a focus on the use of more sustainable materials. In light of this, the recycling and use of agricultural wastes is highly advanced and sought-after in the concrete technology field. Yearly, an enormous quantity of date palm waste (DPW) is produced, putting stress on the ecosystem and necessitating an urgent disposing method. For this reason, many researchers are looking into the feasibility of incorporating DPW for cement composites in an effort to improve the performance and sustainability of concrete. The use of DPW in the design of concrete and mortar mixes has a significant effect on both the fresh and hardened properties of the resulting composites. This paper reviews the basic information on the types and characteristics of DPW used in previous studies. In addition, the potential inclusion of DPW and its effect on cement-concrete performance are reviewed. This study further highlights the areas that need additional investigation for adopting these waste materials. This will advance academic research and benefit the sustainability of the construction industry.","PeriodicalId":123515,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal of Engineering","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139811175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.30572/2018/kje/150105
Atyab Ali Naser, Hamzah S. Al-Mamoori
The escalation of emissions has emerged as a prominent issue in contemporary society, garnering global attention from many countries. The need to use sustainable buildings to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions has been underscored by several sustainability standards, such as LEED and BREAM, in order to promote environmental protection. The WELL standard is a notable standard that places emphasis on the attainment of human health and well-being through the design and construction of the built environment. This followed the emergence of sustainability principles that sought to include social and human considerations in the building's efficiency. The research dilemma emerged due to a limited comprehension of the correlation between WELL standards and their efficacy in mitigating the carbon footprint of both buildings and people. The present study posits that the use of WELL indicators has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions inside the workplace. The study employed a descriptive analytical methodology to ascertain the findings and deductions that certain attributes within the WELL v2 standard have the potential to mitigate carbon emissions. Notably, the Well innovation feature emerged as a significant contributor, as it promotes the inclusion of greenhouse gas management within a comprehensive framework centered on health and well-being.
排放升级已成为当代社会的一个突出问题，引起了全球许多国家的关注。LEED 和 BREAM 等多个可持续发展标准都强调了利用可持续建筑减少温室气体排放的必要性，以促进环境保护。WELL 标准是一个值得注意的标准，它强调通过设计和建造建筑环境来实现人类的健康和福祉。这是在可持续发展原则出现之后提出的，旨在将社会和人文因素纳入建筑效率中。由于对 WELL 标准与其在减少建筑和人类碳足迹方面的功效之间的相关性理解有限，因此出现了研究困境。本研究认为，使用 WELL 指标有可能减少工作场所的温室气体排放。研究采用了描述性分析方法，以确定研究结果和推论，即 WELL v2 标准中的某些属性具有减少碳排放的潜力。值得注意的是，"Well 创新 "是一个重要的促进因素，因为它促进了将温室气体管理纳入以健康和幸福为中心的综合框架。
{"title":"THE IMPACT OF USING״ WELL STANDARD״ INDICATORS ON INTERNAL WORKPLACES CARBON EMISSIONS","authors":"Atyab Ali Naser, Hamzah S. Al-Mamoori","doi":"10.30572/2018/kje/150105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/150105","url":null,"abstract":"The escalation of emissions has emerged as a prominent issue in contemporary society, garnering global attention from many countries. The need to use sustainable buildings to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions has been underscored by several sustainability standards, such as LEED and BREAM, in order to promote environmental protection. The WELL standard is a notable standard that places emphasis on the attainment of human health and well-being through the design and construction of the built environment. This followed the emergence of sustainability principles that sought to include social and human considerations in the building's efficiency. The research dilemma emerged due to a limited comprehension of the correlation between WELL standards and their efficacy in mitigating the carbon footprint of both buildings and people. The present study posits that the use of WELL indicators has the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions inside the workplace. The study employed a descriptive analytical methodology to ascertain the findings and deductions that certain attributes within the WELL v2 standard have the potential to mitigate carbon emissions. Notably, the Well innovation feature emerged as a significant contributor, as it promotes the inclusion of greenhouse gas management within a comprehensive framework centered on health and well-being.","PeriodicalId":123515,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal of Engineering","volume":"26 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139870960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.30572/2018/kje/150108
Md. Imam Hossain, Md. Sakib Khan, Imrul Kayes Khan, K. Hossain, Yanzhao He, Xiaolong Wang
The process of additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing, is a method of constructing a component by progressively adding material in layers using digital 3D design information. As part of 'Industry 4.0,' many industrial technologies are rapidly increasing to thrive in the twenty-first century. This study goes over seven different types of additive manufacturing in great detail. These technologies make it possible to make complex, high-value parts quickly and in small quantities without using as much energy or material or making as many tools as subtractive manufacturing does. Besides, AM also possesses some particular challenges, like post-processing, material unavailability, software issues, etc. The application of AM is expanding rapidly from micro to macro-scale sectors. 3D printing technology will change industrial operations in the following years. Eventually, the elected technology will be closely related to the proposed function.
{"title":"TECHNOLOGY OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW","authors":"Md. Imam Hossain, Md. Sakib Khan, Imrul Kayes Khan, K. Hossain, Yanzhao He, Xiaolong Wang","doi":"10.30572/2018/kje/150108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/150108","url":null,"abstract":"The process of additive manufacturing (AM), commonly known as 3D printing, is a method of constructing a component by progressively adding material in layers using digital 3D design information. As part of 'Industry 4.0,' many industrial technologies are rapidly increasing to thrive in the twenty-first century. This study goes over seven different types of additive manufacturing in great detail. These technologies make it possible to make complex, high-value parts quickly and in small quantities without using as much energy or material or making as many tools as subtractive manufacturing does. Besides, AM also possesses some particular challenges, like post-processing, material unavailability, software issues, etc. The application of AM is expanding rapidly from micro to macro-scale sectors. 3D printing technology will change industrial operations in the following years. Eventually, the elected technology will be closely related to the proposed function.","PeriodicalId":123515,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal of Engineering","volume":"88 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139869305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.30572/2018/kje/150107
S. Hasan
A bulk volume of waste tires, an underrated global resource, is disposed of in landfills worldwide. Extracting recycled steel fibers from these tires is an evolving trend nowadays. Reactive-Powder Concrete (RPC), the most recent generation of concrete produced in the early 1990s and possessing extremely high mechanical strength criteria, is a modified form of high-performance Concrete. This study looked into how the type and volume proportion of new and waste steel fibers affected the compressive, flexural, and impact strengths of RPC when it was curried at high temperatures. Steel fibers (new and waste tire fibers) with volume fractions of 1%, 1.5%, and 2% were used to create RPC. It was clear that increasing the amount of steel fiber had a beneficial effect on compressive, flexural, and impact strengths. Also, the results showed that the outcomes of RPC having steel fibers sourced from end-of-life tires are similar to those of industrial steel fibers.
{"title":"EFFECT OF USING WASTE FIBERS ON THE STRENGTH PROPERTIES OF SUSTAINABLE REACTIVE POWDER CONCRETE","authors":"S. Hasan","doi":"10.30572/2018/kje/150107","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/150107","url":null,"abstract":"A bulk volume of waste tires, an underrated global resource, is disposed of in landfills worldwide. Extracting recycled steel fibers from these tires is an evolving trend nowadays. Reactive-Powder Concrete (RPC), the most recent generation of concrete produced in the early 1990s and possessing extremely high mechanical strength criteria, is a modified form of high-performance Concrete. This study looked into how the type and volume proportion of new and waste steel fibers affected the compressive, flexural, and impact strengths \u0000of RPC when it was curried at high temperatures. Steel fibers (new and waste tire fibers) with volume fractions of 1%, 1.5%, and 2% were used to create RPC. It was clear that increasing the amount of steel fiber had a beneficial effect on compressive, flexural, and impact strengths. Also, the results showed that the outcomes of RPC having steel fibers sourced from end-of-life tires are similar to those of industrial steel fibers.","PeriodicalId":123515,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal of Engineering","volume":"7 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139871085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-02DOI: 10.30572/2018/kje/150103
Firas Asad, Maysoon Saeed
In spite of the established literature-based evidence regarding the consequences of large truck accidents, limited body of research has been done on the characteristics and risk factors of such road accidents in Iraqi cities and governorates. According to national statistics, there has been a steady increase in the number of trucks and truck-related crashes over the past ten years. This paper aims to investigate the characteristics and risk factors associated with accidents involving large trucks in Al-Najaf governorate. A sample of 400 truck drivers were randomly selected and interviewed to collect the needed accident data. Four generalized linear models have been built; ordinal regression model for total injuries, binary logistic model for fatal accident occurrence, multinomial logit model for accident frequency, and ordinal regression model for accident cost. The analysis results revealed several influential predictors including truck driver age, education level, type of collision, truck speed, truck type, and street lighting condition. The obtained findings should be enlightening and helpful for government organizations looking to promote safety measures for sustainable freight truck transport.
{"title":"INVESTIGATING THE RISK FACTORS AFFECTING THE OCCURRENCE, FREQUENCY, AND SEVERITY OF LARGE TRUCK ACCIDENTS IN AL-NAJAF GOVERNORATE, IRAQ","authors":"Firas Asad, Maysoon Saeed","doi":"10.30572/2018/kje/150103","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/150103","url":null,"abstract":"In spite of the established literature-based evidence regarding the consequences of large truck accidents, limited body of research has been done on the characteristics and risk factors of such road accidents in Iraqi cities and governorates. According to national statistics, there has been a steady increase in the number of trucks and truck-related crashes over the past ten years. This paper aims to investigate the characteristics and risk factors associated with accidents involving large trucks in Al-Najaf governorate. A sample of 400 truck drivers were randomly selected and interviewed to collect the needed accident data. Four generalized linear models have been built; ordinal regression model for total injuries, binary logistic model for fatal accident occurrence, multinomial logit model for accident frequency, and ordinal regression model for accident cost. The analysis results revealed several influential predictors including truck driver age, education level, type of collision, truck speed, truck type, and street lighting condition. The obtained findings should be enlightening and helpful for government organizations looking to promote safety measures for sustainable freight truck transport.","PeriodicalId":123515,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal of Engineering","volume":"12 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139870414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-29DOI: 10.30572/2018/kje/140306
Enitan Ngozi Oloto, A. Adebayo
The Nigerian housing development industry can contribute to Sustainable Development Goal 11, through innovative construction adoption, for optimizing affordable housing. This paper presents a framework developed through a mixed research methodology. Using a purposive sampling technique, 397 private developers, and members of the Real Estate Developers Association of Nigeria (REDAN) in Lagos and Abuja were selected. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT), were integrated to develop a conceptual framework, used to generate a questionnaire. An Adoption Support Framework (ASF), which is an inclusive diagrammatic representation of a five-stage innovation-decision process model, showing relationships between housing stakeholders -social structures and driven by the exchange of technical data through communication channels in a social system, was developed from data analyzed using nonparametric test, descriptive statistics, regression analysis and SPSS version 22. The ASF is characterized as being transferable, and having the capacity for abstraction and theoretical generalization.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF AN INCLUSIVE SUSTAINABLE ADOPTION SUPPORT FRAMEWORK (ASF) FOR OPTIMIZING PREFABRICATION ADOPTION IN NIGERIA’S HOUSING DEVELOPMENT INDUSTRY","authors":"Enitan Ngozi Oloto, A. Adebayo","doi":"10.30572/2018/kje/140306","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/140306","url":null,"abstract":"The Nigerian housing development industry can contribute to Sustainable Development Goal 11, through innovative construction adoption, for optimizing affordable housing. This paper presents a framework developed through a mixed research methodology. Using a purposive sampling technique, 397 private developers, and members of the Real Estate Developers Association of Nigeria (REDAN) in Lagos and Abuja were selected. Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Innovation Diffusion Theory (IDT), were integrated to develop a conceptual framework, used to generate a questionnaire. An Adoption Support Framework (ASF), which is an inclusive diagrammatic representation of a five-stage innovation-decision process model, showing relationships between housing stakeholders -social structures and driven by the exchange of technical data through communication channels in a social system, was developed from data analyzed using nonparametric test, descriptive statistics, regression analysis and SPSS version 22. The ASF is characterized as being transferable, and having the capacity for abstraction and theoretical generalization.","PeriodicalId":123515,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal of Engineering","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121062010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-29DOI: 10.30572/2018/kje/140303
M. Herez, Hassan Al Nageim, J. Richardson, Sommerville Wright
Cold mix asphalt produced using conventional emulsion and limestone filler has three main disadvantages, namely low early strength due to high amount of water within the mix, long curing time ranging from 2-24 months and high air voids content. In this study, the effect of a novel technology for producing high-quality cold mix asphalt using modified bitumen emulsion has been investigated in terms of indirect tensile stiffness modulus. the effect of a novel technology for homogenizing a bitumen emulsion on its viscosity, particle size and particle size distribution has been investigated. Ultrasound technology has been used to reduce the viscosity and the size of the bitumen droplets. Different samples of cationic bitumen emulsion (C50B4) have been prepared with different treatment durations (0, 5, 7, 10, 12.5, 15, 30, 45 and 60) min. The results have shown a reduction in the viscosity of the bitumen emulsion at treatment times from 5-15 min. The viscosity has been decreased by 28% after 10 min treatment for the emulsion compared to the untreated sample. This reduction indicated a uniform droplet size distribution. In addition, the particle size measurements revealed that the 7 min treatment showed a significant reduction in the D 50 , which was 84.5%, D 10 , was 85.89%, and D 90 was 90.28% compared to the untreated bitumen emulsion. The results reported contains a comparison between the viscosity of the emulsions, and the indirect tensile stiffness modulus of a control conventional cold mix asphalt and the new high quality cold mix asphalt with low viscosity. Interestingly, the reduction of the 28% in the viscosity of the new emulsion causes an improvement of the indirect tensile stiffness modulus to 216%, which indicates an outstanding achievement.
{"title":"DEVELOPMENT OF A PREMIUM COLD MIX ASPHALT","authors":"M. Herez, Hassan Al Nageim, J. Richardson, Sommerville Wright","doi":"10.30572/2018/kje/140303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/140303","url":null,"abstract":"Cold mix asphalt produced using conventional emulsion and limestone filler has three main disadvantages, namely low early strength due to high amount of water within the mix, long curing time ranging from 2-24 months and high air voids content. In this study, the effect of a novel technology for producing high-quality cold mix asphalt using modified bitumen emulsion has been investigated in terms of indirect tensile stiffness modulus. the effect of a novel technology for homogenizing a bitumen emulsion on its viscosity, particle size and particle size distribution has been investigated. Ultrasound technology has been used to reduce the viscosity and the size of the bitumen droplets. Different samples of cationic bitumen emulsion (C50B4) have been prepared with different treatment durations (0, 5, 7, 10, 12.5, 15, 30, 45 and 60) min. The results have shown a reduction in the viscosity of the bitumen emulsion at treatment times from 5-15 min. The viscosity has been decreased by 28% after 10 min treatment for the emulsion compared to the untreated sample. This reduction indicated a uniform droplet size distribution. In addition, the particle size measurements revealed that the 7 min treatment showed a significant reduction in the D 50 , which was 84.5%, D 10 , was 85.89%, and D 90 was 90.28% compared to the untreated bitumen emulsion. The results reported contains a comparison between the viscosity of the emulsions, and the indirect tensile stiffness modulus of a control conventional cold mix asphalt and the new high quality cold mix asphalt with low viscosity. Interestingly, the reduction of the 28% in the viscosity of the new emulsion causes an improvement of the indirect tensile stiffness modulus to 216%, which indicates an outstanding achievement.","PeriodicalId":123515,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal of Engineering","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127610537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-29DOI: 10.30572/2018/kje/140304
Zahraa H. Abed, Kifah Khudair
The Water industry faces a significant problem in reducing water turbidity. The introduction and enhancement of proactive operation and maintenance techniques to reduce turbidity can be facilitated by the capacity to predict the geographical probability and severity of turbidity in distribution systems. In this study, the Particle Sediment Model (PSM) is used to simulate turbidity in a water distribution system. This study sought to ascertain how water treatment facilities impact the turbidity of tap Water. The Al-Saray water distribution network in Kufa city /Najaf Governorate is covered by the work The impact of water turbidity on the network revealed that the source of the particles entering the network is the treatment facility. The highest turbidity values in the system were recorded at 9.67, 16.68, 13.38, 11.30, 9.82, and 5.27 NTU when the source sediment quality (effluent turbidity from WTP) met the standard specifications of (5) NTU, while the highest values were noted when the source sediment quality (26.6) NTU was at 51.35, 101.02, 77.64, 62.94, 52.46, and 20.22 NTU. Failure to carry out continuous cleaning of the network and poor water treatment from drinking water treatment plants are among the most important reasons for the rise in turbidity in drinking water.
{"title":"MODELING OF TURBIDITY DISTRIBUTION IN WATER NETWORKS USING PMS MODEL - AL-SARAY SECTOR IN KUFA CITY AS A CASE STUDY","authors":"Zahraa H. Abed, Kifah Khudair","doi":"10.30572/2018/kje/140304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30572/2018/kje/140304","url":null,"abstract":"The Water industry faces a significant problem in reducing water turbidity. The introduction and enhancement of proactive operation and maintenance techniques to reduce turbidity can be facilitated by the capacity to predict the geographical probability and severity of turbidity in distribution systems. In this study, the Particle Sediment Model (PSM) is used to simulate turbidity in a water distribution system. This study sought to ascertain how water treatment facilities impact the turbidity of tap Water. The Al-Saray water distribution network in Kufa city /Najaf Governorate is covered by the work The impact of water turbidity on the network revealed that the source of the particles entering the network is the treatment facility. The highest turbidity values in the system were recorded at 9.67, 16.68, 13.38, 11.30, 9.82, and 5.27 NTU when the source sediment quality (effluent turbidity from WTP) met the standard specifications of (5) NTU, while the highest values were noted when the source sediment quality (26.6) NTU was at 51.35, 101.02, 77.64, 62.94, 52.46, and 20.22 NTU. Failure to carry out continuous cleaning of the network and poor water treatment from drinking water treatment plants are among the most important reasons for the rise in turbidity in drinking water.","PeriodicalId":123515,"journal":{"name":"Kufa Journal of Engineering","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121437432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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