Pub Date : 2010-11-01DOI: 10.1109/FAME.2010.5714809
V. N. Banugopan, S. Prabhakar, K. Annamalai, S. Jayaraj, P. Sentilkumar
Ethanol is a bio-based renewable and oxygenated fuel, thereby providing potential to reduce the PM emission in diesel engine and to provide reduction in life cycle of carbon di-oxide. So that reduces ozone layer depletion. There are several studies which reports improvement in the engine performance and emission by using ethanol blend fuels. Many researches going on in the area of ethanol as alternate fuel, the commercialization of this fuel is not achieved in the Indian automobile scenario. It is mainly because of installation of refilling stations and the problems encountered in the engine while ethanol is used as a fuel. The problem such as starting trouble, cold starting problem, Aldehyde emission coming out from the engine and the stringent norms followed by the government for the use of ethanol. The main objective of this project is to study the performance, and to control the emissions of the diesel engine using blended fuel by preheating the inlet air. The present work has been carried out using single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled diesel engine. In this phase, experiment investigations are conducted using five sets of blended fuels i.e 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% Ethanol — Diesel blend have been prepared and preheating the inlet air to 40ºC, 50ºC and 60ºC. The performance and emission characteristics are studied and compared with the base fuel.
{"title":"Experimental investigation on D.I. diesel engine fuelled by ethanol diesel blend with varying inlet air temperature","authors":"V. N. Banugopan, S. Prabhakar, K. Annamalai, S. Jayaraj, P. Sentilkumar","doi":"10.1109/FAME.2010.5714809","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FAME.2010.5714809","url":null,"abstract":"Ethanol is a bio-based renewable and oxygenated fuel, thereby providing potential to reduce the PM emission in diesel engine and to provide reduction in life cycle of carbon di-oxide. So that reduces ozone layer depletion. There are several studies which reports improvement in the engine performance and emission by using ethanol blend fuels. Many researches going on in the area of ethanol as alternate fuel, the commercialization of this fuel is not achieved in the Indian automobile scenario. It is mainly because of installation of refilling stations and the problems encountered in the engine while ethanol is used as a fuel. The problem such as starting trouble, cold starting problem, Aldehyde emission coming out from the engine and the stringent norms followed by the government for the use of ethanol. The main objective of this project is to study the performance, and to control the emissions of the diesel engine using blended fuel by preheating the inlet air. The present work has been carried out using single cylinder, four stroke, water cooled diesel engine. In this phase, experiment investigations are conducted using five sets of blended fuels i.e 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% Ethanol — Diesel blend have been prepared and preheating the inlet air to 40ºC, 50ºC and 60ºC. The performance and emission characteristics are studied and compared with the base fuel.","PeriodicalId":123922,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering -2010","volume":"241 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124653203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-01DOI: 10.1109/FAME.2010.5714854
P. V. Reddy, C. H. R. V. Kumar, K. Reddy
In this paper the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is developed to predict the surface roughness in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) of Cr-Mo-V alloyed special steel, which is used in automobile industry. The neural network Models strained with experimental results conducted using L16 orthogonal array by considering the input parameters such as pulse duration, open voltage, wire speed and dielectric flushing pressure at four different levels. The mathematical relation between the work piece surface roughness and WEDM cutting parameters is also established by multiple regression analysis method. Predicted values of surface roughness by Back-propagation (BPN), General regression neural networks (GRNN) using MATLAB NN tool and regression analysis, were compared with the experimental values and their closeness with the experimental values. The predicted values in BPN network with two hidden layers are very close to the experimental results than GRNN network and multiful regression values.
{"title":"Modeling of wire EDM process using back propagation (BPN) and General Regression Neural Networks (GRNN)","authors":"P. V. Reddy, C. H. R. V. Kumar, K. Reddy","doi":"10.1109/FAME.2010.5714854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FAME.2010.5714854","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model is developed to predict the surface roughness in Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) of Cr-Mo-V alloyed special steel, which is used in automobile industry. The neural network Models strained with experimental results conducted using L16 orthogonal array by considering the input parameters such as pulse duration, open voltage, wire speed and dielectric flushing pressure at four different levels. The mathematical relation between the work piece surface roughness and WEDM cutting parameters is also established by multiple regression analysis method. Predicted values of surface roughness by Back-propagation (BPN), General regression neural networks (GRNN) using MATLAB NN tool and regression analysis, were compared with the experimental values and their closeness with the experimental values. The predicted values in BPN network with two hidden layers are very close to the experimental results than GRNN network and multiful regression values.","PeriodicalId":123922,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering -2010","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127822462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-01DOI: 10.1109/FAME.2010.5714808
S. Prabhakar, M. Karthikeyan, K. Annamalai, V. N. Banugopan
Emission control is one of the biggest challenge in today's automotive industry. Emission control can be achieved either by controlling combustion or by treating the exhaust gas. The latter is comparatively easier since there is less or no need to modify the engine itself. One such after treatment method is the use of catalytic converter. But, the 3-way converter is expensive due to use of both platinum and palladium/rhodium. One of the alternative is the use of selective catalytic reduction, i.e., reduction of a particular mission based on the type of the engine used. For example, the major emissions in case of CI engines are NOX and PM. This project aims at reduction of NOX using SCR and its optimization. This project presents a modelling approach to the design optimization of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems. The present study is concerned with ammonia slip and conversion efficiency of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), which are two major issues of SCR technologies. The physical processes including urea spray atomization, droplet evaporation, urea decomposition and turbulent mixing are accounted for in the modelling method. In addition, the velocity distribution and pressure drop in the SCR converter are analyzed with the consideration of flow resistances of the catalyst substrates and perforated plates.
{"title":"Control of emission characteristics by using Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) in D.I. diesel engine","authors":"S. Prabhakar, M. Karthikeyan, K. Annamalai, V. N. Banugopan","doi":"10.1109/FAME.2010.5714808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FAME.2010.5714808","url":null,"abstract":"Emission control is one of the biggest challenge in today's automotive industry. Emission control can be achieved either by controlling combustion or by treating the exhaust gas. The latter is comparatively easier since there is less or no need to modify the engine itself. One such after treatment method is the use of catalytic converter. But, the 3-way converter is expensive due to use of both platinum and palladium/rhodium. One of the alternative is the use of selective catalytic reduction, i.e., reduction of a particular mission based on the type of the engine used. For example, the major emissions in case of CI engines are NOX and PM. This project aims at reduction of NOX using SCR and its optimization. This project presents a modelling approach to the design optimization of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) systems. The present study is concerned with ammonia slip and conversion efficiency of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), which are two major issues of SCR technologies. The physical processes including urea spray atomization, droplet evaporation, urea decomposition and turbulent mixing are accounted for in the modelling method. In addition, the velocity distribution and pressure drop in the SCR converter are analyzed with the consideration of flow resistances of the catalyst substrates and perforated plates.","PeriodicalId":123922,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering -2010","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126652750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-01DOI: 10.1109/FAME.2010.5714817
Y. Mathew, J. Gowtham
Drilling is the operation of producing circular hole in the workpiece by using rotating cutter called Drill. The Drilling Operation can also be accomplished in lathe, in which the drill is holding in tailstock and work is held by the chuck. In drilling of bucket wheel excavator teeth an over head crane is used for loading and unloading of teeth over the drilling machine bed. Therefore for each completion of operation the operator need to wait for overhead crane for loading and unloading of teeth which increase the time of production. Hence manufacturing cost is increased due to labor charges and overall machining time. In order to minimize the cost of production, it is planned to eliminate the repeat usage of over head crane for loading and unloading of teeth by introducing a workholding device having a capacity to fix ten teeths at a time period. Workholding device required a Base, Inner shaft, Housing unit, Jig & Fixture and Locking Device. The objective of this paper work is to designing a workholding device need to hold the workpiece using Pro-E Wildfire software. Then calculating the clamping force analytically by static analysis of all designed components is using Ansys software. Based on the dimension, all parts are manufactured and assembled to test its performance.
{"title":"Design and fabrication of work holding device for Drilling and spot facing of bucket wheel excavator teeth","authors":"Y. Mathew, J. Gowtham","doi":"10.1109/FAME.2010.5714817","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FAME.2010.5714817","url":null,"abstract":"Drilling is the operation of producing circular hole in the workpiece by using rotating cutter called Drill. The Drilling Operation can also be accomplished in lathe, in which the drill is holding in tailstock and work is held by the chuck. In drilling of bucket wheel excavator teeth an over head crane is used for loading and unloading of teeth over the drilling machine bed. Therefore for each completion of operation the operator need to wait for overhead crane for loading and unloading of teeth which increase the time of production. Hence manufacturing cost is increased due to labor charges and overall machining time. In order to minimize the cost of production, it is planned to eliminate the repeat usage of over head crane for loading and unloading of teeth by introducing a workholding device having a capacity to fix ten teeths at a time period. Workholding device required a Base, Inner shaft, Housing unit, Jig & Fixture and Locking Device. The objective of this paper work is to designing a workholding device need to hold the workpiece using Pro-E Wildfire software. Then calculating the clamping force analytically by static analysis of all designed components is using Ansys software. Based on the dimension, all parts are manufactured and assembled to test its performance.","PeriodicalId":123922,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering -2010","volume":"36 2s 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128479915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-01DOI: 10.1109/FAME.2010.5714799
A. Krishnamoorthy, R. V. Sarathy, S. Boopathy, K. Palanikumar
Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) material is identified as an emerging material for solving critical problems such as light weight, corrosion resistance and environmental durability. CFRP suits these properties in various engineering applications that have structural variations. In order to join such structures, drilling is an essential operation. Several problems are encountered in drilling of composites which delamination poses a major threat. Thrust force are directly related to it, and hence this response is measured and modeled using ANFIS in this paper. Model adequacy check is carried out by calculating the R-squared values and other useful error definitions such as root mean square error, mean absolute error and mean square error. The significance of ANFIS is illustrated by the plot of membership functions before and after training. Two-Gaussian membership function provides a better model on comparing with other common membership functions such as triangular, gbell, Gaussian and two-Gaussian membership functions.
{"title":"Modeling of thrust force in drilling of CFRP composites using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system","authors":"A. Krishnamoorthy, R. V. Sarathy, S. Boopathy, K. Palanikumar","doi":"10.1109/FAME.2010.5714799","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FAME.2010.5714799","url":null,"abstract":"Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) material is identified as an emerging material for solving critical problems such as light weight, corrosion resistance and environmental durability. CFRP suits these properties in various engineering applications that have structural variations. In order to join such structures, drilling is an essential operation. Several problems are encountered in drilling of composites which delamination poses a major threat. Thrust force are directly related to it, and hence this response is measured and modeled using ANFIS in this paper. Model adequacy check is carried out by calculating the R-squared values and other useful error definitions such as root mean square error, mean absolute error and mean square error. The significance of ANFIS is illustrated by the plot of membership functions before and after training. Two-Gaussian membership function provides a better model on comparing with other common membership functions such as triangular, gbell, Gaussian and two-Gaussian membership functions.","PeriodicalId":123922,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering -2010","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123348756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-01DOI: 10.1109/FAME.2010.5714857
Saikat Biswas
Insertion loss of muffler mainly depends on proper selection of muffler volume which is proportional to Engine Swept volume. Thus, use of combination muffler is exceptionally rare in car segments (i.e. — low specific output engines) though it is more effective than other two main categories of mufflers namely Reactive and absorptive respectively. Perhaps configure the small volume is difficult to make it combination type muffler. A combination muffler is nothing but a combined application of reactive and absorptive principle for noise reduction in single unit. Authors designed a Combination and a Reactive muffler of same volume for a single cylinder four stroke 8 BHP Diesel Engine and afterward evaluated the performance experimentally through measurement of noise level and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption time of engine. This was done to prove that in small volume designed of combination muffler is possible and it is more effective than Reactive Muffler even in small size.
{"title":"Combination muffler is more effective than reactive muffler even in small size","authors":"Saikat Biswas","doi":"10.1109/FAME.2010.5714857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FAME.2010.5714857","url":null,"abstract":"Insertion loss of muffler mainly depends on proper selection of muffler volume which is proportional to Engine Swept volume. Thus, use of combination muffler is exceptionally rare in car segments (i.e. — low specific output engines) though it is more effective than other two main categories of mufflers namely Reactive and absorptive respectively. Perhaps configure the small volume is difficult to make it combination type muffler. A combination muffler is nothing but a combined application of reactive and absorptive principle for noise reduction in single unit. Authors designed a Combination and a Reactive muffler of same volume for a single cylinder four stroke 8 BHP Diesel Engine and afterward evaluated the performance experimentally through measurement of noise level and Brake Specific Fuel Consumption time of engine. This was done to prove that in small volume designed of combination muffler is possible and it is more effective than Reactive Muffler even in small size.","PeriodicalId":123922,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering -2010","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116970999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-01DOI: 10.1109/FAME.2010.5714796
P. Arivalagan, G. Chandramohan, Arun Kumar, N. Palaniappan
Polymers and their composites are emerging as viable alternative products to metal-based and alloy based ones in many common and advanced engineering applications. The feature that makes polymer composites so promising in industrial applications is the possibility of tailoring their properties with special fillers. The comparative performance of carbon-epoxy composite with influence of Cenosphere filler were experimentally investigated under varying applied load, sliding distance and sliding velocity by using a pin-on-disc apparatus. For increased applied load situation, higher weight loss was recorded. Addition of Cenosphere in carbon-epoxy composite exhibits lower weight loss, whose value drops as the percentage of Cenosphere increases in the composite. A plan of experiments, based on the techniques of Taguchi, was performed to acquire data in a controlled way. An orthogonal array and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to investigate the influence of process parameters on the wear of these composites. The results showed that the inclusion of Cenosphere as filler materials in carbon epoxy composites will increase the wear resistance of the composite greatly. SEM analysis has been made to identify the phenomenon of wear as a function of applied load, sliding distance and sliding velocity.
{"title":"Studies on dry sliding wear behaviour of hybrid composites","authors":"P. Arivalagan, G. Chandramohan, Arun Kumar, N. Palaniappan","doi":"10.1109/FAME.2010.5714796","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FAME.2010.5714796","url":null,"abstract":"Polymers and their composites are emerging as viable alternative products to metal-based and alloy based ones in many common and advanced engineering applications. The feature that makes polymer composites so promising in industrial applications is the possibility of tailoring their properties with special fillers. The comparative performance of carbon-epoxy composite with influence of Cenosphere filler were experimentally investigated under varying applied load, sliding distance and sliding velocity by using a pin-on-disc apparatus. For increased applied load situation, higher weight loss was recorded. Addition of Cenosphere in carbon-epoxy composite exhibits lower weight loss, whose value drops as the percentage of Cenosphere increases in the composite. A plan of experiments, based on the techniques of Taguchi, was performed to acquire data in a controlled way. An orthogonal array and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to investigate the influence of process parameters on the wear of these composites. The results showed that the inclusion of Cenosphere as filler materials in carbon epoxy composites will increase the wear resistance of the composite greatly. SEM analysis has been made to identify the phenomenon of wear as a function of applied load, sliding distance and sliding velocity.","PeriodicalId":123922,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering -2010","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116049982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-01DOI: 10.1109/FAME.2010.5714839
M. Sivashanmugam, T. Kumar, S. Ravikumar, V. S. Rao, D. Muruganandam
Friction stir welding is a solid state welding process which involves joining similar or dissimilar metals using a rotating tool. Tool geometry and traverse speed and rotating speed of motion of the tool, tool axial force and tilt angle are some of the variables in this process. Many materials like Aluminium alloy 2000, 6000 and 7000 series have been joined using this technique. Mechanical characterization, similar and dissimilar combinations, micro structural characterization and the Influences of tool pin profiles for FSW processes are some of the important areas of research. This paper reviews the work done in the above mentioned areas and concludes by suggesting further scope for research in friction stir welding.
{"title":"A review on friction stir welding for aluminium alloys","authors":"M. Sivashanmugam, T. Kumar, S. Ravikumar, V. S. Rao, D. Muruganandam","doi":"10.1109/FAME.2010.5714839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FAME.2010.5714839","url":null,"abstract":"Friction stir welding is a solid state welding process which involves joining similar or dissimilar metals using a rotating tool. Tool geometry and traverse speed and rotating speed of motion of the tool, tool axial force and tilt angle are some of the variables in this process. Many materials like Aluminium alloy 2000, 6000 and 7000 series have been joined using this technique. Mechanical characterization, similar and dissimilar combinations, micro structural characterization and the Influences of tool pin profiles for FSW processes are some of the important areas of research. This paper reviews the work done in the above mentioned areas and concludes by suggesting further scope for research in friction stir welding.","PeriodicalId":123922,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering -2010","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133136340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-01DOI: 10.1109/FAME.2010.5714812
R. Ganesh, S. Kumar, S. Dinesh
The main objective of study is to control the emission from diesel engine and improve the performance by using the emulsified fuel. A single cylinder, water cooled, four stroke diesel engine was used for this study. Experiments were conducted in the first phase at different ratios of emulsions via (50%diesel + 50 ethanol), (60% diesel + 40% ethanol), (70% diesel + 30 % ethanol) as fuel. From the investigation it was observed that (50%diesel + 50 % ethanol) proportion of emulsified fuel shows better result when compared to the sole fuel and other proportion of emulsified fuel. The second phase of the experimental was conducted with different injection angles (18°, 20°, 23°, 24°) for the optimum value of (50%diesel + 50 % ethanol) proportion of emulsified fuel. To study the combustion characteristic using AVL combustion analyzer. The result shows marginally reduction of emission such as smoke density, particulate matter and slightly increases the cylinder pressure for injection angle at 24°.
{"title":"Effect of ethanol addition on performance, emission and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine at various injection angles","authors":"R. Ganesh, S. Kumar, S. Dinesh","doi":"10.1109/FAME.2010.5714812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FAME.2010.5714812","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of study is to control the emission from diesel engine and improve the performance by using the emulsified fuel. A single cylinder, water cooled, four stroke diesel engine was used for this study. Experiments were conducted in the first phase at different ratios of emulsions via (50%diesel + 50 ethanol), (60% diesel + 40% ethanol), (70% diesel + 30 % ethanol) as fuel. From the investigation it was observed that (50%diesel + 50 % ethanol) proportion of emulsified fuel shows better result when compared to the sole fuel and other proportion of emulsified fuel. The second phase of the experimental was conducted with different injection angles (18°, 20°, 23°, 24°) for the optimum value of (50%diesel + 50 % ethanol) proportion of emulsified fuel. To study the combustion characteristic using AVL combustion analyzer. The result shows marginally reduction of emission such as smoke density, particulate matter and slightly increases the cylinder pressure for injection angle at 24°.","PeriodicalId":123922,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering -2010","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114581069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2010-11-01DOI: 10.1109/FAME.2010.5714792
K. Hariprasad, M. Senthilkumar
This paper addresses the effect of nanoclays of two different nanoclays of montmorillonite (MMT) and organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) on morphology and dynamic mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP). The preparation of polymer nanocomposites by using a co-rotating twin screw extruder at filler loadings of 1, 3, 5 and 7 weight % using melt compounding PP with MMT and OMMT using polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-mA) as compatibilizer is described. First stage compositions with MMT content by different weight ratio PP/MMT nanocomposites were prepared and tested. Second stage compositions with OMMT content by different weight ratio PP/OMMT nanocomposites were prepared and tested. Third stage both combined MMT and OMMT equally mixed content by different weight ratio PP/MMT/OMMT nanocomposites were prepared and tested. Dynamic mechanical Analysis (DMA) indicated significant improvement in the storage modulus and loss modulus compared with neat PP.
{"title":"Dynamic mechanical properties of PP/MMT/OMMT nanocomposites","authors":"K. Hariprasad, M. Senthilkumar","doi":"10.1109/FAME.2010.5714792","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/FAME.2010.5714792","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the effect of nanoclays of two different nanoclays of montmorillonite (MMT) and organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) on morphology and dynamic mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP). The preparation of polymer nanocomposites by using a co-rotating twin screw extruder at filler loadings of 1, 3, 5 and 7 weight % using melt compounding PP with MMT and OMMT using polypropylene grafted maleic anhydride (PP-g-mA) as compatibilizer is described. First stage compositions with MMT content by different weight ratio PP/MMT nanocomposites were prepared and tested. Second stage compositions with OMMT content by different weight ratio PP/OMMT nanocomposites were prepared and tested. Third stage both combined MMT and OMMT equally mixed content by different weight ratio PP/MMT/OMMT nanocomposites were prepared and tested. Dynamic mechanical Analysis (DMA) indicated significant improvement in the storage modulus and loss modulus compared with neat PP.","PeriodicalId":123922,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Automobile and Mechanical Engineering -2010","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125500320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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