Frontiers in Dentistry最新文献

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate how various surface treatments impact the microshear bond strength (μSBS) of a self-adhesive bulk-fill composite resin to cut and uncut enamel. Materials and Methods: Eighty sound human third molars were collected in this in vitro study. Forty were prepared to create cut enamel surfaces, and 40 were left uncut. Each group was randomly divided into four subgroups (n=10) according to the type of surface treatment: no treatment (control), 18% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), All-Bond Universal adhesive in etch-and-rinse (E&R) mode, and All-Bond Universal adhesive in self-etch (SE) mode. Surefil One self-adhesive bulk-fill composite resin was bonded to enamel, and μSBS was measured after 24 hours. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's HSD post-hoc test (alpha=0.05). Results: Two-way ANOVA showed significant main effects of enamel preparation (P<0.001) and surface pretreatment (P<0.001), as well as their significant interaction effect (P=0.005) on μSBS. Cut enamel exhibited a higher mean μSBS (7.12±2.66MPa) than uncut enamel (5.88±2.70MPa; P=0.019). Universal adhesive application in E&R mode yielded the highest μSBS, followed by the SE mode; whereas, EDTA and no-treatment groups showed the lowest μSBS values. Conclusion: Cut enamel samples exhibited a greater μSBS in comparison to uncut samples. The highest μSBS values were observed when both cut and uncut enamel surfaces received pretreatment with a universal adhesive applied in E&R mode.

Dental anomalies can be challenging for clinicians to diagnose and treat, such as fusion/gemination, which can be considered one of the most challenging anomalies to present a treatment plan for, due to esthetic, orthodontic, and periodontal problems they can cause in most cases. This case report describes an 8-year-old patient who complained of the unpleasant appearance of her right central incisor. Oral and radiographic examinations revealed a supernumerary tooth unilaterally fusing with the maxillary permanent central incisor. Two major factors in choosing a treatment plan in this case included: patient's age and presence of anomaly in the esthetic zone. This case report describes a treatment approach involving endodontic, periodontal, and restorative interventions for preserving a tooth in a child who could not undergo routine treatments such as implant placement due to incomplete growth of her dentoalveolar region, and bone deficiency caused by the dental anomaly.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and self-perceived satisfaction of patients wearing Hawley (HR) or Essix retainer (ER) using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients who had recently completed orthodontic treatment and received either an HR or ER were recruited. Participants completed the OHIP-14 questionnaire one week (T₁) and two months (T₂) after receiving their retainers. Self-perceived satisfaction with the retainers was also recorded. Results: The ER group showed significantly lower overall OHIP-14 scores than the HR group at both T₁ and T₂. In 14 OHIP items, HR scored higher in all except "sense of taste" (T₁ and T₂), "unsatisfactory diet" (T₁), and "uncomfortable eating" (T₂). From T₁ to T₂, overall OHIP-14 scores decreased significantly in both groups, with reductions in 10 items for ER and 8 items for HR. The mean satisfaction score (out of 3) was higher for ER (2.5±0.5) than for HR (1.23±0.43), and satisfaction increased significantly in both groups over time. Conclusion: ER had less negative impact on OHRQoL than HR. After two months, most OHIP-14 dimensions showed improvement in both groups, indicating patient adaptation to retainers and reduced discomfort over time. Adaptation was slightly greater with ER, and overall satisfaction was higher compared to HR.

Objectives: Bonding of orthodontic attachments to enamel is essential in orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to assess the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic eyelets to the enamel surface using a moisture-resistant self-adhesive resin cement under isolation in comparison with saliva and blood contamination. Materials and Methods: This in vitro experimental study used 78 sound human premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes. Brackets were bonded to the teeth with either Transbond XT or Embrace WetBond in isolated conditions and also in presence of blood and saliva contamination. The samples were subjected to thermocycling, and then the SBS of the eyelets attached to the enamel was measured in each group. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) was also determined under a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA, Tukey's test, and Kruskal-Wallis test (alpha=0.05). Results: The SBS of Transbond XT group was significantly higher than Embrace WetBond group under isolation and contamination with saliva and blood (P=0.000). In both adhesives, the SBS under isolated conditions was significantly higher than that in presence of blood and saliva contamination (P=0.000). There was a significant difference between the isolation and blood and saliva contamination groups regarding the ARI scores (P<0.05). Conclusion: Transbond XT adhesive yielded a stronger bond than WetBond Embrace in both situations; however, it appears that Embrace WetBond can also provide satisfactory results and minimize enamel damage during debonding.

Objectives: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of a needle-free system (MadaJet^®XL) and the conventional injection technique for primary maxillary molar local anesthesia before restorative procedures in 6 to 12-year-old patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-over randomized clinical trial was conducted on 30 children requiring restoration of at least two primary maxillary molars. The two molars requiring restoration in each patient were randomized using quaternary random blocks to receive either local anesthesia with MadaJet^®XL or the conventional injection technique. To assess the efficacy of the techniques, pain score during injection was recorded using the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scale, and the number of patients with failed local anesthesia after MadaJet^®XL administration was reported. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test was employed for data analysis (alpha=0.05). Results: The highest score was reported with the conventional injection technique (FLACC score=9). The mean pain score was 4.1±2.6 in the conventional group and 2.3±1.3 in the MadaJet^®XL group. The Wilcoxon Signed Ranks test showed significantly higher pain score in the conventional injection technique than the MadaJet^®XL (P<0.001). Re-injection was performed for 19 patients (63.3%) due to their discomfort during dental procedure when MadaJet^®XL was used. Conclusion: Despite the lower level of pain and discomfort experienced during local anesthesia administration by MadaJet^®XL, this device is not suitable for restorative procedures of primary maxillary molars, due to failure to achieve complete anesthesia.

Given the significant differences among different generations, acceleration of changes due to technological developments, and characteristics of recent generations, it is necessary to recognize the characteristics of Generation Z, in order to be able to create an effective teaching-learning process. Under the influence of digital technology, Generation Z has undergone tremendous changes in several learning parameters, such as time and manner of focus, tendencies, and specific strategies. In this article, by reviewing the characteristics of this generation, the authors tried to provide practical points in teaching methods for this generation.

Pre-clinical Prosthodontics (PCP) training in India is restricted primarily to didactic lectures and development of laboratory skills pertaining to removable complete denture prosthodontics, with no exposure to patients. Introduction of Early Clinical Exposure (ECE) as a supplement to the traditional PCP curriculum, aimed at improving the competency of dental undergraduates, needs to be explored. The aim of the present study was to assess dental students' perceived needs regarding introduction of ECE in the subject of PCP and to identify the barriers perceived by them in learning the subject. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 26 third-year Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students using a 25-item semi-structured questionnaire based on 5-point Likert scale. Response rate was 100% and the majority of the respondents reported difficulty in performing border molding step. More than 70% of the students felt a strong need for inclusion of ECE in the subject of PCP in second year.

Objectives: Retrievability is an important characteristic for an endodontic sealer. This study compared the retrieval of Endoseal MTA, AH Plus, and MTA Fillapex in endodontic retreatment using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods: This in vitro study was conducted on 45 radiographically confirmed single-rooted and single-canal mandibular premolars. The root canals were instrumented by the Denco Universal rotary system up to size F3, and randomly divided into 3 groups for the application of either AH Plus, Endoseal MTA, or MTA Fillapex and subsequent root canal obturation. Next, the root filling materials were removed using chloroform solvent and Denco Universal retreatment rotary system. The roots then underwent CBCT with the Gaussian and nonlinear diffusion filters for noise reduction. The residual sealer volume on the root canal walls was quantified on axial CBCT sections using MATLAB R2012 version 14 software. Data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (alpha=0.05). Results: The residual sealer volume was significantly different among the three groups (P<0.001) and was the highest in Endoseal MTA (2.70±2.41mm³). The residual volume of Endoseal MTA sealer was significantly greater than MTA Fillapex (P=0.009). However, the difference between AH Plus and Endoseal MTA (P=0.592), or AH Plus and MTA Fillapex (P=0.352) was not significant. Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study and considering the residual sealer volume, retrieval of Endoseal MTA was comparable to that of AH Plus, and lower than that of MTA Fillapex in endodontic retreatment.

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a bone marrow clonal stem cell disorder characterized by the inability of immature blood cells to mature. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has not been previously reported in MDS patients without underlying diseases. We present a case of poorly differentiated OSCC in a 27-year-old patient with MDS. A literature review revealed 11 case reports about solid tumors in different organs of MDS patients. Among these, 5 articles reported head and neck carcinoma but none of them reported oral cancer in MDS patients. MDS predisposes patients to hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic malignancies. The oral cavity is one of the critical sites that needs to be examined periodically and regularly in MDS patients to detect OSCC in its early stages.

Objectives: Community health volunteers (CHVs) are expected to empower the population, particularly women, for a better health status. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an intervention by CHVs for oral health promotion of disadvantaged women. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study recruited 22 CHVs (n=11 in each group) and 216 women (n=108 in each group) from two health centers in disadvantaged neighborhoods in Zahedan, Iran, in 2020. CHVs received a training package, including a flip chart and a dental model in the intervention group, while the control group received a conventional lecture-based training. Next, CHVs trained women in these areas. The women's oral health literacy (OHL) and oral health behaviors were evaluated using the Oral Health Literacy-Adult Questionnaire (OHL-AQ). The plaque index (PI) was determined through clinical oral examinations. Data were collected before and at 6 weeks after the intervention. Generalized estimating equation (GEE) and Chi-square test were utilized for data analysis using SPSS version 25 (alpha=0.05). Results: All women completed the study, and had a mean age of 26.7 ± 5.03 years. GEE revealed a significant increase in OHL score (P<0.001), and a significant reduction in PI (P=0.03) of the intervention group compared to the control group. The Chi-square test indicated a significant improvement in oral health behavior of the participants in the intervention group (P=0.02). Conclusion: The oral health educational program delivered by CHVs significantly improved the OHL and behavior of disadvantaged women, suggesting that such programs can effectively promote oral health in disadvantaged populations.