Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.264271
Dmytro Yudenko
Purpose: the analysis is performed by modal superposition of the response of a simplified model containing connected bending and shear beams supported by Winkler-type springs. Objective: to present a simplified model using coupled Bernoulli and shear beams supported by Winkler-type springs for the systematic identification of tunnels subject to earthquake-induced ground motions. A model formulation is introduced and closed-form solutions for the modal characteristic equation and mode shape are derived. Research methods: the formulation of the model is introduced and closed-form solutions are derived for the equation of modal characteristic and mode shape. The latter are checked by the results of numerical models. A system identification algorithm is then presented, demonstrating its ability to recover the model parameters when the recorded acceleration time intervals along the tunnel are perturbed by noise and sensor locations change. The presented framework can be used for initial and simple recovery of tunnel response in the presence of monitoring data or for planning monitoring campaigns in newly constructed or existing tunnels. Main results: using a simple genetic algorithm and the proposed simplified model, it was shown that system identification can be performed for variable conditions. The model was tested for two different earthquakes of different frequencies, and the influence of the distribution of sensors along the length of the tunnel was also parametrically investigated. The test results were intentionally compromised by adding white Gaussian noise with a variance equal to that observed during ground motion. It was observed that for values of α >3.0 (ie, when the effect of the shear beam is significant), the model parameters can be successfully recovered. Therefore, for such conditions, the proposed approach can be used to recover important tunnel dynamic properties (e.g., T1 or α) as well as soil-structure interaction by tracking kb changes after earthquakes. For values < 3, a Bernoulli beam with a Winkler basis is a valid representation, while observing differences with a model involving a Pasternak basis are marginal. Scientific novelty: another approach to parametric system identification using simplified models. For tunnels, such models usually consist of beams on independent Winkler-type springs, including both numerical and analytical schemes. However, the seismic response of the continuum (i.e., soil) can be better modeled by including a transverse beam above the Winkler foundation, which allows interaction between individual springs, rather than using a single layer of independent springs. In geotechnical seismic resistance, a similar approach was used to assess the seismic response of pile foundations and retaining walls. Conclusions and practical challenge: different sensor distributions and reduced number of sensors did not lead to significant differences in the final results. This first shows that sensor positio
{"title":"TUNNEL REACTION TO GROUND MOVEMENT USING A SIMPLIFIED MODEL","authors":"Dmytro Yudenko","doi":"10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.264271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.264271","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: the analysis is performed by modal superposition of the response of a simplified model containing connected bending and shear beams supported by Winkler-type springs. \u0000Objective: to present a simplified model using coupled Bernoulli and shear beams supported by Winkler-type springs for the systematic identification of tunnels subject to earthquake-induced ground motions. A model formulation is introduced and closed-form solutions for the modal characteristic equation and mode shape are derived. \u0000Research methods: the formulation of the model is introduced and closed-form solutions are derived for the equation of modal characteristic and mode shape. The latter are checked by the results of numerical models. A system identification algorithm is then presented, demonstrating its ability to recover the model parameters when the recorded acceleration time intervals along the tunnel are perturbed by noise and sensor locations change. The presented framework can be used for initial and simple recovery of tunnel response in the presence of monitoring data or for planning monitoring campaigns in newly constructed or existing tunnels. \u0000Main results: using a simple genetic algorithm and the proposed simplified model, it was shown that system identification can be performed for variable conditions. The model was tested for two different earthquakes of different frequencies, and the influence of the distribution of sensors along the length of the tunnel was also parametrically investigated. The test results were intentionally compromised by adding white Gaussian noise with a variance equal to that observed during ground motion. It was observed that for values of α >3.0 (ie, when the effect of the shear beam is significant), the model parameters can be successfully recovered. Therefore, for such conditions, the proposed approach can be used to recover important tunnel dynamic properties (e.g., T1 or α) as well as soil-structure interaction by tracking kb changes after earthquakes. For values < 3, a Bernoulli beam with a Winkler basis is a valid representation, while observing differences with a model involving a Pasternak basis are marginal. \u0000Scientific novelty: another approach to parametric system identification using simplified models. For tunnels, such models usually consist of beams on independent Winkler-type springs, including both numerical and analytical schemes. However, the seismic response of the continuum (i.e., soil) can be better modeled by including a transverse beam above the Winkler foundation, which allows interaction between individual springs, rather than using a single layer of independent springs. In geotechnical seismic resistance, a similar approach was used to assess the seismic response of pile foundations and retaining walls. \u0000Conclusions and practical challenge: different sensor distributions and reduced number of sensors did not lead to significant differences in the final results. This first shows that sensor positio","PeriodicalId":12474,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics and Geoengineering","volume":"61 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84850140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.267607
A. Karpechenko, M. Bobrov, O. Lymar
Purpose. Research and analysis of the possibilities of using electric arc coatings with improving properties in the repair of machines and mechanisms for mining industry. Methodology. The porosity of the obtained electric arc coatings was studied using computer metallography. The hardness was determined on a Vickers-type device. The thermophysical properties of the coatings were studied using the dynamic calorimeter method. The adhesion strength of the coatings to the substrate was determined by the method of "pulling the pin". Determination of wear resistance was carried out on the SMC-2 friction machine according to the "roller-block" scheme in conditions of limited lubrication. The determination of coherent x-ray scattering regions to estimate the size of the substructure of the coating material was carried out by x-ray diffraction analysis on the DRON-3 installation. Results. An electric arc sprayer has been improved, which makes it possible to improve the quality of composite coatings by increasing the particle velocity in a high-temperature heterophase jet and reducing its opening angle, which leads to an increase in the CMM during spraying from 0.63 to 0.74. At the same time, the increase in the hardness of the metal matrix in the composite electric arc coating is 21%, their adhesion strength to the base increases by 26%, wear resistance is 6.9 times compared to the unfilled coating. The optimal amplitude-frequency parameters of the electric pulse action during electric arc spraying of the SV-08G2S wire (pulse frequency – 6.5 kHz, amplitude – 5 kV) are determined, which provide an increase in hardness up to 35%, adhesion strength to the substrate up to 30% and wear resistance of coatings 1.7 times due to grinding and acceleration of the sprayed particles. The optimal temperature-time parameters of pre-recrystallization heat treatment are established, which provide a further increase in the hardness of coatings due to the grinding of subgrains to the nanoscale size inclusive. The possibility of thermal stabilization of the polygonization substructure of electric arc coatings obtained by spraying 12X18N10T wire by their additional plastic deformation is shown. Originality. The electric arc coating method was further developed by improving the design of the spray head, which made it possible to increase the material utilization rate during their spraying and physical and mechanical, as well as operational properties. The regularities of the influence of electric pulse action on the microstructure and physical and mechanical properties (hardness, density, adhesion strength, thermal conductivity, wear resistance) of electric arc coatings are established. The process of pre-crystallization treatment of sprayed coatings in the direction of thermal stabilization of the polygonization substructure due to subsequent deformation of the obtained coatings was further developed. Findings and practical implications. The application of the research re
{"title":"ELECTRIC ARC COATINGS WITH A COMPLEX OF IMPROVED PROPERTIES FOR REPAIRING AND HARDENING OF MINING MACHINE PARTS","authors":"A. Karpechenko, M. Bobrov, O. Lymar","doi":"10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.267607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.267607","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. Research and analysis of the possibilities of using electric arc coatings with improving properties in the repair of machines and mechanisms for mining industry. \u0000Methodology. The porosity of the obtained electric arc coatings was studied using computer metallography. The hardness was determined on a Vickers-type device. The thermophysical properties of the coatings were studied using the dynamic calorimeter method. The adhesion strength of the coatings to the substrate was determined by the method of \"pulling the pin\". Determination of wear resistance was carried out on the SMC-2 friction machine according to the \"roller-block\" scheme in conditions of limited lubrication. The determination of coherent x-ray scattering regions to estimate the size of the substructure of the coating material was carried out by x-ray diffraction analysis on the DRON-3 installation. \u0000Results. An electric arc sprayer has been improved, which makes it possible to improve the quality of composite coatings by increasing the particle velocity in a high-temperature heterophase jet and reducing its opening angle, which leads to an increase in the CMM during spraying from 0.63 to 0.74. At the same time, the increase in the hardness of the metal matrix in the composite electric arc coating is 21%, their adhesion strength to the base increases by 26%, wear resistance is 6.9 times compared to the unfilled coating. The optimal amplitude-frequency parameters of the electric pulse action during electric arc spraying of the SV-08G2S wire (pulse frequency – 6.5 kHz, amplitude – 5 kV) are determined, which provide an increase in hardness up to 35%, adhesion strength to the substrate up to 30% and wear resistance of coatings 1.7 times due to grinding and acceleration of the sprayed particles. The optimal temperature-time parameters of pre-recrystallization heat treatment are established, which provide a further increase in the hardness of coatings due to the grinding of subgrains to the nanoscale size inclusive. The possibility of thermal stabilization of the polygonization substructure of electric arc coatings obtained by spraying 12X18N10T wire by their additional plastic deformation is shown. \u0000Originality. The electric arc coating method was further developed by improving the design of the spray head, which made it possible to increase the material utilization rate during their spraying and physical and mechanical, as well as operational properties. The regularities of the influence of electric pulse action on the microstructure and physical and mechanical properties (hardness, density, adhesion strength, thermal conductivity, wear resistance) of electric arc coatings are established. The process of pre-crystallization treatment of sprayed coatings in the direction of thermal stabilization of the polygonization substructure due to subsequent deformation of the obtained coatings was further developed. \u0000Findings and practical implications. The application of the research re","PeriodicalId":12474,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics and Geoengineering","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86565555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.267606
M. Musykhin
Purpose: analysis and selection of an appropriate way to improve the strength characteristics of soils by strengthening in the zones of weakening and reducing deformations of the tunnel structures, substantiating the methods of strengthening the base of the subway tunnel structure and the soil massif during deposition in the conditions of the underground space. On the basis of the analysis, propose an expedient method and schematic fixing of a water-saturated non-washable soil massif with stabilization of sediments and propose a method for reducing deformations during vibration subsidence. Methodology: by using the survey and analysis of methods of strengthening the soil massif, geophysical methods of strengthening the foundations of the sandy water-saturated massif, a comprehensive approach is recommended for the implementation of increasing the level of strength of the subway tunnel. Originality: on the basis of the performed analytical studies, the parameters for strengthening the soil of the water-saturated alluvial massif were determined and the combined method of strengthening the soil massif and the method of reducing the vibration subsidence caused by the speed of the trains in relation to the force of gravity during the oscillation of the structure of the base of the subway tunnel in the water-saturated alluvial massif were proposed. optimization of works, reduction of work terms and the possibility of applying a combined scheme of filling wells with solution and using them in conditions of dense urban development. Findings and practical implications: the combined scheme of strengthening the soil massif with the help of gas silicification and the installation of soil-polymer piles will allow to evenly reduce the sedimentation of the soil and the structure without harming the surrounding underground space and dense urban development, in particular, it will increase the strength characteristics and the service life of the distillation tunnel. Keywords: physical and mechanical properties; water-saturated alluvial massif; subway tunnels; shallow laying; geophysical methods; tunnel deposition; tunnel fastening, gas silicification; low viscosity polyurethane.
{"title":"RESEARCH OF METRO TUNNEL SEDIMENTS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF A WATER-SATURATED FLOOD MASSIVE","authors":"M. Musykhin","doi":"10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.267606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.267606","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: analysis and selection of an appropriate way to improve the strength characteristics of soils by strengthening in the zones of weakening and reducing deformations of the tunnel structures, substantiating the methods of strengthening the base of the subway tunnel structure and the soil massif during deposition in the conditions of the underground space. On the basis of the analysis, propose an expedient method and schematic fixing of a water-saturated non-washable soil massif with stabilization of sediments and propose a method for reducing deformations during vibration subsidence. \u0000Methodology: by using the survey and analysis of methods of strengthening the soil massif, geophysical methods of strengthening the foundations of the sandy water-saturated massif, a comprehensive approach is recommended for the implementation of increasing the level of strength of the subway tunnel. \u0000Originality: on the basis of the performed analytical studies, the parameters for strengthening the soil of the water-saturated alluvial massif were determined and the combined method of strengthening the soil massif and the method of reducing the vibration subsidence caused by the speed of the trains in relation to the force of gravity during the oscillation of the structure of the base of the subway tunnel in the water-saturated alluvial massif were proposed. optimization of works, reduction of work terms and the possibility of applying a combined scheme of filling wells with solution and using them in conditions of dense urban development. \u0000Findings and practical implications: the combined scheme of strengthening the soil massif with the help of gas silicification and the installation of soil-polymer piles will allow to evenly reduce the sedimentation of the soil and the structure without harming the surrounding underground space and dense urban development, in particular, it will increase the strength characteristics and the service life of the distillation tunnel. \u0000Keywords: physical and mechanical properties; water-saturated alluvial massif; subway tunnels; shallow laying; geophysical methods; tunnel deposition; tunnel fastening, gas silicification; low viscosity polyurethane.","PeriodicalId":12474,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics and Geoengineering","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79999989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.267593
V. Kravets, B. Sagalo, Azar Shukurov
Purpose and task is to study the nature of the formation of the force field in the heel region by the interaction of the upper end parts of adjacent charges.Research results. Based on the fact that outside the zone of plastic deformations the force field is created by stresses close to elastic, analytical studies used a simplified computing apparatus based on known data on the shape and numerical values of force and time parameters of a single pulse from a single cylindrical charge of a given mass and length. The main results. The regularities of the formation of the force field in the boundary zones of action of the system of adjacent elongated charges are considered. The phenomenon of field degradation observed near the end part of the charges, which has a negative effect on the overall mechanical effect of the mass explosion, is analyzed.Conclusions and practical consequences. The shape of the total field of maximum stresses on the middle axis between adjacent charges initiated simultaneously from the lower end should have manifestations of the cumulative effect in the area of the upper end areas of adjacent charges.Therefore, after the inclined counter power fronts, counter mass shifts should take place, generally directed towards the superbore layer of the rock mass at the level of the stamping. The technique of forming upward movements in the intercharging volume of the rock is a new technological element that takes over the experience of conducting mass blasting operations according to an effective traditional system of switching a network of wells in the form of a horizontal wedge or trapezoidal cut. Such a traditional scheme initiates successive pairwise counter mass shifts with short decelerations in the direction of the lateral slope of the ledge. In contrast to this scheme, the new technology of mass explosion is based on a combined technique of simultaneous lower charge initiation in groups of 2-3 rows and the use of traditional short decelerations between groups to prevent excessive seismic effect. Thus, in groups the combined scheme of KSP "vertical wedge" which promotes additional destruction of the top layer of the planted rock block and reduction of an exit ofoversized fraction at the level of a stamping is realized.Keywords: charges, cumulative effect, rock mass, intercharging volume, explosion, seismic effect, vertical wedge.
{"title":"SPATIO-TEMPORAL PARAMETERS OF THE FRONT OF THE FORCE FIELD IN THE SYSTEM OF ELONGATED CHARGES","authors":"V. Kravets, B. Sagalo, Azar Shukurov","doi":"10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.267593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.267593","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose and task is to study the nature of the formation of the force field in the heel region by the interaction of the upper end parts of adjacent charges.Research results. Based on the fact that outside the zone of plastic deformations the force field is created by stresses close to elastic, analytical studies used a simplified computing apparatus based on known data on the shape and numerical values of force and time parameters of a single pulse from a single cylindrical charge of a given mass and length. The main results. The regularities of the formation of the force field in the boundary zones of action of the system of adjacent elongated charges are considered. The phenomenon of field degradation observed near the end part of the charges, which has a negative effect on the overall mechanical effect of the mass explosion, is analyzed.Conclusions and practical consequences. The shape of the total field of maximum stresses on the middle axis between adjacent charges initiated simultaneously from the lower end should have manifestations of the cumulative effect in the area of the upper end areas of adjacent charges.Therefore, after the inclined counter power fronts, counter mass shifts should take place, generally directed towards the superbore layer of the rock mass at the level of the stamping. The technique of forming upward movements in the intercharging volume of the rock is a new technological element that takes over the experience of conducting mass blasting operations according to an effective traditional system of switching a network of wells in the form of a horizontal wedge or trapezoidal cut. Such a traditional scheme initiates successive pairwise counter mass shifts with short decelerations in the direction of the lateral slope of the ledge. In contrast to this scheme, the new technology of mass explosion is based on a combined technique of simultaneous lower charge initiation in groups of 2-3 rows and the use of traditional short decelerations between groups to prevent excessive seismic effect. Thus, in groups the combined scheme of KSP \"vertical wedge\" which promotes additional destruction of the top layer of the planted rock block and reduction of an exit ofoversized fraction at the level of a stamping is realized.Keywords: charges, cumulative effect, rock mass, intercharging volume, explosion, seismic effect, vertical wedge.","PeriodicalId":12474,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics and Geoengineering","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86851557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.267556
A. Gorovenko, D. Vengrovich, Heorhij Sheremet
Purpose. The task was to investigate the effect of acoustic oscillations on the filtration ofhydrocarbons by the core of a porous medium for different pressures. The paper present theresults of an experimental study of hydrocarbon filtration by a porous medium core in thepresence of acoustic oscillations with the frequency of 2,7 kHz. Porous sandstone cores with aheight of 18 mm and a diameter of 53 mm were studied. The core holder was filled with engineoil which contained a piezoelectric acoustic oscillator, the electrical signal to the emitter wasgenerated by a generator and amplifier. During the studied filtration, the core was located atthe bottom of the core holder, which was filled with liquid hydrocarbons, which were used asengine oil.The aim was to investigate the effect of acoustic oscillations on the filtration of hydrocarbonsin a porous medium. For this purpose, an experimental setup, amplifier and piezoelectricemitter of acoustic oscillations were made, sandstone cores were prepared, experiments wereperformed and the mass of the filtered liquid was estimated.Methodology. An experimental study of the effect of acoustic oscillations with a frequencyof 2.7 KHz on the filtration of hydrocarbons by a sandstone core for different pressures wasperformed in laboratory conditions. Amplified oscillations from the electronic generator wereapplied to the piezoelectric emitter located in the core holder, which was filled with motor oil,the pressure in the oil was changed using a reducer and manometers. The mass of core-filteredoil was measured by electronic scales.Originality. It has been established that acoustic oscillations effectively affect the filtrationof hydrocarbons in porous media and increase filtration by tens of percent.Findings and practical implications. Experiments have shown that acoustic oscillations ina porous medium filled with hydrocarbons increase the filtration of hydrocarbons. The use ofacoustic oscillations for processing around the filter space of wells will increase the flow rateof wells.Experiments have shown that in the presence of acoustic oscillation, the filtration of engineoil by the sandstone core increase by tens % relative to the amount of filtration in the absenceof acoustic oscillations.Relevance of the topic. Increasing the flow rate of wells is an important scientific andpractical task, its solution can be cleaning the filter zone from clogging and improving thefiltration of useful fluid Under the action of acoustic oscillations.Keywords: hydrocarbon filtration; porous medium; acoustic oscillations; well; around thefilter area; debit.
{"title":"FILTRATION OF HYDROCARBONS BY POROUS CORE IN THE FIELD OF ACOUSTIC OSCILLATIONS","authors":"A. Gorovenko, D. Vengrovich, Heorhij Sheremet","doi":"10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.267556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.267556","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The task was to investigate the effect of acoustic oscillations on the filtration ofhydrocarbons by the core of a porous medium for different pressures. The paper present theresults of an experimental study of hydrocarbon filtration by a porous medium core in thepresence of acoustic oscillations with the frequency of 2,7 kHz. Porous sandstone cores with aheight of 18 mm and a diameter of 53 mm were studied. The core holder was filled with engineoil which contained a piezoelectric acoustic oscillator, the electrical signal to the emitter wasgenerated by a generator and amplifier. During the studied filtration, the core was located atthe bottom of the core holder, which was filled with liquid hydrocarbons, which were used asengine oil.The aim was to investigate the effect of acoustic oscillations on the filtration of hydrocarbonsin a porous medium. For this purpose, an experimental setup, amplifier and piezoelectricemitter of acoustic oscillations were made, sandstone cores were prepared, experiments wereperformed and the mass of the filtered liquid was estimated.Methodology. An experimental study of the effect of acoustic oscillations with a frequencyof 2.7 KHz on the filtration of hydrocarbons by a sandstone core for different pressures wasperformed in laboratory conditions. Amplified oscillations from the electronic generator wereapplied to the piezoelectric emitter located in the core holder, which was filled with motor oil,the pressure in the oil was changed using a reducer and manometers. The mass of core-filteredoil was measured by electronic scales.Originality. It has been established that acoustic oscillations effectively affect the filtrationof hydrocarbons in porous media and increase filtration by tens of percent.Findings and practical implications. Experiments have shown that acoustic oscillations ina porous medium filled with hydrocarbons increase the filtration of hydrocarbons. The use ofacoustic oscillations for processing around the filter space of wells will increase the flow rateof wells.Experiments have shown that in the presence of acoustic oscillation, the filtration of engineoil by the sandstone core increase by tens % relative to the amount of filtration in the absenceof acoustic oscillations.Relevance of the topic. Increasing the flow rate of wells is an important scientific andpractical task, its solution can be cleaning the filter zone from clogging and improving thefiltration of useful fluid Under the action of acoustic oscillations.Keywords: hydrocarbon filtration; porous medium; acoustic oscillations; well; around thefilter area; debit.","PeriodicalId":12474,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics and Geoengineering","volume":"200 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79914079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.267555
Y. Voitenko, Viktoria Vapnichna, O. Voitenko
Purpose and task. Analysis and specification of mechanisms of softening and change of structure of monolithic and low-fractured rocks under blasting of single and dispersed charges, definition of the reasons and model of their evolution in a formation. To solve this goal, the followingscientific tasks were set in the work:1. Estimation of force factors of external action on rock.2. Thermodynamic analysis and detection of mechanisms of structural changes in rocks at a considerable distance from the well, which provide a change in its productivity.Research methods. To solve the set tasks, the following were performed: calculations of the attenuation of shock wave amplitudes generated during the explosion of spherical and elongated charges; analysis of the results of explosive treatments of oil and gas wells; energy analysis of processes and mechanisms of changes that occur around the well in the reservoir.The main results. Studies have shown that structural changes in rocks during low-energy explosions, as well as other low-energy methods of external action on the reservoir occur in the form of increased cracking of rocks at micro and macro levels due to cooperative effects of external action, internal reservoir energy and physico-chemical effects of reservoir fluids.The main results. The mechanisms of decompaction of the rocks in rock formation conditions in the presence of rock and reservoir pressure at low-energy external actions are considered. Experiments on the operation of oil, oil and gas and gas wells show that the transition of the system "well - formation" from one thermodynamic state to another occurs in a time that depends on the internal energy of the formation. The transition is the result of the cooperative effects of the combined action of external influences, the internal energy of the formation and rock pressure. For gas wells this time does not exceed a few hours or days, for oil and oil and gas with depths of 3000… 4000 m the typical time of the well to reach maximum productivity is ≈ (30 - 90) days.Conclusions and practical significance. The analysis of the results of industrial tests of explosive intensification technology and calculations of attenuation of compression wave amplitudes show that under rock pressure conditions structural changes in rock after explosions of several charges occur at distances up to ≈ (80… 100) R0. Under reservoir conditions, the main reasons for the appearance of such long zones of increased permeability around the well are the cooperativeeffects of the combined action of blast waves, reservoir gases (methane, carbon dioxide, helium and possibly hydrogen), as well as changes in rock pressure in the process of its development. Of practical importance is to understand the sequence of technological operations in the work tointensify the inflow of oil and gas.
{"title":"ON THE DESTRUCTION AND PREFRACTURING OF SOLID ROCKS UNDER BLASTING IN FORMATION CONDITIONS","authors":"Y. Voitenko, Viktoria Vapnichna, O. Voitenko","doi":"10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.267555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.267555","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose and task. Analysis and specification of mechanisms of softening and change of structure of monolithic and low-fractured rocks under blasting of single and dispersed charges, definition of the reasons and model of their evolution in a formation. To solve this goal, the followingscientific tasks were set in the work:1. Estimation of force factors of external action on rock.2. Thermodynamic analysis and detection of mechanisms of structural changes in rocks at a considerable distance from the well, which provide a change in its productivity.Research methods. To solve the set tasks, the following were performed: calculations of the attenuation of shock wave amplitudes generated during the explosion of spherical and elongated charges; analysis of the results of explosive treatments of oil and gas wells; energy analysis of processes and mechanisms of changes that occur around the well in the reservoir.The main results. Studies have shown that structural changes in rocks during low-energy explosions, as well as other low-energy methods of external action on the reservoir occur in the form of increased cracking of rocks at micro and macro levels due to cooperative effects of external action, internal reservoir energy and physico-chemical effects of reservoir fluids.The main results. The mechanisms of decompaction of the rocks in rock formation conditions in the presence of rock and reservoir pressure at low-energy external actions are considered. Experiments on the operation of oil, oil and gas and gas wells show that the transition of the system \"well - formation\" from one thermodynamic state to another occurs in a time that depends on the internal energy of the formation. The transition is the result of the cooperative effects of the combined action of external influences, the internal energy of the formation and rock pressure. For gas wells this time does not exceed a few hours or days, for oil and oil and gas with depths of 3000… 4000 m the typical time of the well to reach maximum productivity is ≈ (30 - 90) days.Conclusions and practical significance. The analysis of the results of industrial tests of explosive intensification technology and calculations of attenuation of compression wave amplitudes show that under rock pressure conditions structural changes in rock after explosions of several charges occur at distances up to ≈ (80… 100) R0. Under reservoir conditions, the main reasons for the appearance of such long zones of increased permeability around the well are the cooperativeeffects of the combined action of blast waves, reservoir gases (methane, carbon dioxide, helium and possibly hydrogen), as well as changes in rock pressure in the process of its development. Of practical importance is to understand the sequence of technological operations in the work tointensify the inflow of oil and gas.","PeriodicalId":12474,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics and Geoengineering","volume":"59 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84874650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-12-05DOI: 10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.267605
H. Tuhanov
Purpose: to analyze the problem of subsidence of vertical and horizontal elements of underground pedestrian crossings in the conditions of the city of Kyiv (Intersection of Mineralna – Ukrainian streets) taking into account the water-logged structure of the soil. Find a modern solution to this problem using a scientific approach. Using the example of an underground pedestrian crossing, identify the most deformed areas in the elements of the joints of vertical and horizontal structures for further processing and drawing a conclusion for the elimination of similar ones in the future.Methodology: in order to establish the reasons that caused the deformation of structures, to solve the task of engineering survey of the technical condition of their reinforced concrete structures with an instrumental survey of the actual strength, geometry and monitoring of uneven precipitation. Based on the results of field and chamber work, a complex ofstrengthening and restoration engineering and technical measures was developed and recommended to the customer for implementation, taking into account the requirements. Originality: the article provides an example of the implementation of the construction of the foundations of underground pedestrian crossings erected on water-saturated soils in complex engineering and geological conditions using construction water subsidence, usingtechnological methods, with the aim of excluding uneven deformations of foundation sediments above the zones of depression funnels from water subsidence or artificial foundations from vertical cement-soil reinforcing elements, the frontal part of which must be wrapped in reliable base soils.Findings and practical implications. The sealing of horizontal and vertical technological and sedimentary-temperature seams in the construction of foundations, walls and the covering of underground structures should be carried out using modern types of hydraulic plugs that perceive the hydraulic pressure from underground water and exhibit the property of swelling when in contact with flooding water. Such technological solutions can be used in the construction of underground pedestrian crossings in the conditions of dense urban development, in the presence of significant possible vertical deformations in water-saturated soils.Keywords: subsidence, sediment, crack, depression curve, mountain pressure, waterproofing, pile, cement-soil reinforcing element, monitoring
{"title":"EXPERIENCE IN STRENGTHENING UNDERGROUND PEDESTRIAN CROSSINGS IN WATER-SATURATED CITY SOILS","authors":"H. Tuhanov","doi":"10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.267605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2707-2096.7.2022.267605","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: to analyze the problem of subsidence of vertical and horizontal elements of underground pedestrian crossings in the conditions of the city of Kyiv (Intersection of Mineralna – Ukrainian streets) taking into account the water-logged structure of the soil. Find a modern solution to this problem using a scientific approach. Using the example of an underground pedestrian crossing, identify the most deformed areas in the elements of the joints of vertical and horizontal structures for further processing and drawing a conclusion for the elimination of similar ones in the future.Methodology: in order to establish the reasons that caused the deformation of structures, to solve the task of engineering survey of the technical condition of their reinforced concrete structures with an instrumental survey of the actual strength, geometry and monitoring of uneven precipitation. Based on the results of field and chamber work, a complex ofstrengthening and restoration engineering and technical measures was developed and recommended to the customer for implementation, taking into account the requirements. Originality: the article provides an example of the implementation of the construction of the foundations of underground pedestrian crossings erected on water-saturated soils in complex engineering and geological conditions using construction water subsidence, usingtechnological methods, with the aim of excluding uneven deformations of foundation sediments above the zones of depression funnels from water subsidence or artificial foundations from vertical cement-soil reinforcing elements, the frontal part of which must be wrapped in reliable base soils.Findings and practical implications. The sealing of horizontal and vertical technological and sedimentary-temperature seams in the construction of foundations, walls and the covering of underground structures should be carried out using modern types of hydraulic plugs that perceive the hydraulic pressure from underground water and exhibit the property of swelling when in contact with flooding water. Such technological solutions can be used in the construction of underground pedestrian crossings in the conditions of dense urban development, in the presence of significant possible vertical deformations in water-saturated soils.Keywords: subsidence, sediment, crack, depression curve, mountain pressure, waterproofing, pile, cement-soil reinforcing element, monitoring","PeriodicalId":12474,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics and Geoengineering","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75690419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.20535/2707-2096.6.2021.241820
Hennadiy Haiko, Іllia Savchenko, N. Pankratova
Purpose: Determining construction priorities of underground transport infrastructure objects by evaluating morphological models of car tunnels considering the impact on the ecological and technogenic safety of urbanized territories. Methodology: modified morphological analysis of geological environment, urbanized territories and transport infrastructure of sites in a metropolis, expert estimation method. Findings: a morphological model was tested as a tool set for determining construction priorities of underground transport infrastructure objects; inter-related morphological tables for geological environment and structural-functional factors of urbanized territories in a tunnel area were constructed; an estimation of models regarding development of underground infrastructure was conducted using the planned car tunnels in Kyiv as an example; the impact of tunnels on reducing the ecological and technogenic risks of urbanized space was justified, and the priority construction object was chosen according to these criteria. Originality: for the first time the reduction of ecological and technogenic risks of urbanized space was chosen as a goal function in morphological models for the development of underground transport infrastructure in metropolises; the systemic characteristics of urban territories were obtained that describe the favorability of the geological environment and structural-functional factors for car tunnel construction in center metropolis areas; an impact ratio was proposed for synthesizing morphological analysis results and determining the priorities of underground transport infrastructure objects by influence on the ecological and technogenic risks. Practical implications: the created methodology and tool set for determining priorities of underground object construction at the pre-project stage, the opportunity to consider the ecological and technogenic risks of urban space development by consecutive construction of underground transport infrastructure objects and identifying an order for this sequence.
{"title":"IDENTIFYING DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES OF UNDERGROUND INFRASTRUCTURE IN METROPOLISES USING SYSTEM METHODOLOGY","authors":"Hennadiy Haiko, Іllia Savchenko, N. Pankratova","doi":"10.20535/2707-2096.6.2021.241820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2707-2096.6.2021.241820","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Determining construction priorities of underground transport infrastructure objects by evaluating morphological models of car tunnels considering the impact on the ecological and technogenic safety of urbanized territories. \u0000Methodology: modified morphological analysis of geological environment, urbanized territories and transport infrastructure of sites in a metropolis, expert estimation method. \u0000Findings: a morphological model was tested as a tool set for determining construction priorities of underground transport infrastructure objects; inter-related morphological tables for geological environment and structural-functional factors of urbanized territories in a tunnel area were constructed; an estimation of models regarding development of underground infrastructure was conducted using the planned car tunnels in Kyiv as an example; the impact of tunnels on reducing the ecological and technogenic risks of urbanized space was justified, and the priority construction object was chosen according to these criteria. \u0000Originality: for the first time the reduction of ecological and technogenic risks of urbanized space was chosen as a goal function in morphological models for the development of underground transport infrastructure in metropolises; the systemic characteristics of urban territories were obtained that describe the favorability of the geological environment and structural-functional factors for car tunnel construction in center metropolis areas; an impact ratio was proposed for synthesizing morphological analysis results and determining the priorities of underground transport infrastructure objects by influence on the ecological and technogenic risks. \u0000Practical implications: the created methodology and tool set for determining priorities of underground object construction at the pre-project stage, the opportunity to consider the ecological and technogenic risks of urban space development by consecutive construction of underground transport infrastructure objects and identifying an order for this sequence.","PeriodicalId":12474,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics and Geoengineering","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84898768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.20535/2707-2096.6.2021.241934
Ihor Babychev, Illia Mykhailovich Yevtushenko, O. Frolov
Purpose. The purpose of the research presented in the article is to substantiate the possibility of dump formation during joint dumping of quarry overburden rocks and iron ore wastes during the development of the Horishne-Plavnivsky deposit of iron quartzites. Task. Perform geomechanical modeling of the behavior of the quarry dump with the placement of funnels with enrichment wastes and establish the possibility of their joint storage in the dumps of the Horishno-Plavnivskoye deposit; to establish regularities of development of deformation processes in a dump in process of construction of each layer at dump of wastes of enrichment in funnels and to calculate a factor of a stock of stability of a dump after its formation. Research methods. To achieve the goal of research used: the method of complex analysis – to summarize previous research on the establishment and justification of the most rational method of dumping of enrichment waste; modeling methods – to establish the possibility and feasibility of joint dumping of enrichment wests and overburden rocks from the quarry. Scientific novelty. For the conditions of the Horishne-Plavnivsky deposit of ferrous quartzites by the method of geomechanical modeling the expediency and possibility of placement of dehydrated enrichment wastes in funnels on dump of overburden rocks is substantiated. Conclusions and practical significance of the article. For research results the predicted behavior of a dump during all term of its use is received. The obtained values of the maximum deformations are deviated in the process of its formation by each of layer and the investigated efficiency of deformation at formation of the following layer is established. The indicator of the coefficient of safety of the stability of the corresponding deviation after its formation and building, which means that it exceeds the minimum, in accordance with current regulations (n=1,329>1,3), after it is formation with further use joint dumping of overburden rocks and enrichment wastes is possible and appropriate.
{"title":"SIMULATION OF JOINT FORMATION OF CAREER OVERBURDEN ROCK WITH PLACEMENT OF IRON ORE ENRICHMENT WASTE","authors":"Ihor Babychev, Illia Mykhailovich Yevtushenko, O. Frolov","doi":"10.20535/2707-2096.6.2021.241934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2707-2096.6.2021.241934","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The purpose of the research presented in the article is to substantiate the possibility of dump formation during joint dumping of quarry overburden rocks and iron ore wastes during the development of the Horishne-Plavnivsky deposit of iron quartzites. \u0000Task. Perform geomechanical modeling of the behavior of the quarry dump with the placement of funnels with enrichment wastes and establish the possibility of their joint storage in the dumps of the Horishno-Plavnivskoye deposit; to establish regularities of development of deformation processes in a dump in process of construction of each layer at dump of wastes of enrichment in funnels and to calculate a factor of a stock of stability of a dump after its formation. \u0000Research methods. To achieve the goal of research used: the method of complex analysis – to summarize previous research on the establishment and justification of the most rational method of dumping of enrichment waste; modeling methods – to establish the possibility and feasibility of joint dumping of enrichment wests and overburden rocks from the quarry. \u0000Scientific novelty. For the conditions of the Horishne-Plavnivsky deposit of ferrous quartzites by the method of geomechanical modeling the expediency and possibility of placement of dehydrated enrichment wastes in funnels on dump of overburden rocks is substantiated. \u0000Conclusions and practical significance of the article. For research results the predicted behavior of a dump during all term of its use is received. The obtained values of the maximum deformations are deviated in the process of its formation by each of layer and the investigated efficiency of deformation at formation of the following layer is established. The indicator of the coefficient of safety of the stability of the corresponding deviation after its formation and building, which means that it exceeds the minimum, in accordance with current regulations (n=1,329>1,3), after it is formation with further use joint dumping of overburden rocks and enrichment wastes is possible and appropriate.","PeriodicalId":12474,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics and Geoengineering","volume":"107 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81431389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-11-30DOI: 10.20535/2707-2096.6.2021.241795
S. Barsukov, А.Т. Batyrkhanova, V. Dyomin
Purpose. The published studies are aimed at determining the mechanism of deformation of the rocks of the contour around the workings in terms of the parameters of the emerging fracturing and their dependence on the indicators of the strength of the rocks and the depth of occurrence in the massif. The tasks of the study include the installation of fracture indicators, the determination of the parameters of the development of the deformation process around the working, including the effect of longwall mining and taking into account the possibility of reuse of the workings. Methodology. To solve the set tasks, the method of field observations was used together with the use of regression dependencies to determine the dependences of the parameters on the influencing factors. In addition, the method of full-scale pull-out tests of anchor support was used, which made it possible to determine the clamping forces of the anchors. Originality. In the course of the research, the dependences of stresses and deformation along the K7 coal seam in the conditions of the mine named after Kuzembaev CD JSC "ArcelorMittal Temirtau" for the massif around the mine with fastening. Rational parameters for the use of roof bolting in preparatory mine workings have been established. This type of fastening provides direct contact between rocks and lining. Analysis of the results of calculating the parameters of the roof bolting showed that to maintain the roof in the development workings, it is necessary to take into account the parameters of the roof bolting. The main parameters include the length of the anchors, the total resistance of the roof bolting and the density of the anchors. Anchor support forms laminated rock beams in the roof rocks, which ensure the stability of the workings. Conclusions and practical significance. The results of studies devoted to the establishment of the influence of mining-geological and mining-technical factors on the formation of zones of inelastic deformation in the host rocks were considered. Significant dependences of the deformation processes of rocks in the massif around the workings were obtained, and the parabolic zone of destruction of rocks was determined. The practical significance of the research consists in determining the actual indicators of the required bearing capacity of the anchorage at two levels in the conditions of the development of the coal seam k7 of the Kuzembaev mine.
目的。已发表的研究旨在根据出现裂缝的参数及其对岩体强度和产状深度指标的依赖，确定工作面周围轮廓岩石的变形机制。研究的任务包括安装断裂指示器，确定工作周围变形过程发展的参数，包括长壁开采的影响，并考虑到工作的重复利用的可能性。方法。为了解决设定的任务，采用了现场观测的方法，并使用回归依赖关系来确定参数对影响因素的依赖关系。此外，还采用了锚杆支架全尺寸拉拔试验的方法，从而可以确定锚杆的夹紧力。创意。在研究过程中，研究了以Kuzembaev CD JSC“ArcelorMittal Temirtau”命名的矿井条件下沿K7煤层的应力和变形对矿井周围岩体的依赖关系。建立了锚杆支护在矿山准备作业中应用的合理参数。这种类型的紧固在岩石和衬里之间提供直接接触。对顶板锚杆支护参数计算结果的分析表明，为了在开发工作面中保持顶板，必须考虑顶板锚杆支护参数。主要参数包括锚杆长度、锚杆总阻力和锚杆密度。锚杆支护在顶板岩层中形成层状岩梁，保证了巷道的稳定。结论及现实意义。考虑了采矿地质和采矿技术因素对围岩非弹性变形带形成影响的研究结果。得到了工作面周围岩体变形过程的显著依赖性，确定了岩体的抛物线破坏带。本文研究的现实意义在于确定库赞巴耶夫煤矿k7煤层开发条件下两个层次锚固所需承载能力的实际指标。
{"title":"DETERMINING THE PATTERNS OF STABILITY OF MINE WORKINGS FOR CALCULATION ROOF BOLTING PARAMETERS","authors":"S. Barsukov, А.Т. Batyrkhanova, V. Dyomin","doi":"10.20535/2707-2096.6.2021.241795","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.20535/2707-2096.6.2021.241795","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose. The published studies are aimed at determining the mechanism of deformation of the rocks of the contour around the workings in terms of the parameters of the emerging fracturing and their dependence on the indicators of the strength of the rocks and the depth of occurrence in the massif. The tasks of the study include the installation of fracture indicators, the determination of the parameters of the development of the deformation process around the working, including the effect of longwall mining and taking into account the possibility of reuse of the workings. \u0000Methodology. To solve the set tasks, the method of field observations was used together with the use of regression dependencies to determine the dependences of the parameters on the influencing factors. In addition, the method of full-scale pull-out tests of anchor support was used, which made it possible to determine the clamping forces of the anchors. \u0000Originality. In the course of the research, the dependences of stresses and deformation along the K7 coal seam in the conditions of the mine named after Kuzembaev CD JSC \"ArcelorMittal Temirtau\" for the massif around the mine with fastening. Rational parameters for the use of roof bolting in preparatory mine workings have been established. This type of fastening provides direct contact between rocks and lining. Analysis of the results of calculating the parameters of the roof bolting showed that to maintain the roof in the development workings, it is necessary to take into account the parameters of the roof bolting. The main parameters include the length of the anchors, the total resistance of the roof bolting and the density of the anchors. Anchor support forms laminated rock beams in the roof rocks, which ensure the stability of the workings. \u0000Conclusions and practical significance. The results of studies devoted to the establishment of the influence of mining-geological and mining-technical factors on the formation of zones of inelastic deformation in the host rocks were considered. Significant dependences of the deformation processes of rocks in the massif around the workings were obtained, and the parabolic zone of destruction of rocks was determined. The practical significance of the research consists in determining the actual indicators of the required bearing capacity of the anchorage at two levels in the conditions of the development of the coal seam k7 of the Kuzembaev mine. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":12474,"journal":{"name":"Geomechanics and Geoengineering","volume":"441 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82914135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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