Pub Date : 2024-10-18eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1444326
Amr Sayed Ghanem, Hafsa Aijaz Memon, Attila Csaba Nagy
Introduction: Oral cavity cancer (OCC), primarily oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is a growing concern in Europe, particularly among younger populations. Preventable lifestyle factors and social determinants of health contribute significantly to the disease burden. Limited access to healthcare and delayed diagnoses further complicate treatment and reduce survival rates.
Methods: This systematic literature review adhered to PRISMA guidelines to explore trends in OSCC epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and survival across Europe. A comprehensive search strategy using PubMed, GLOBOCAN data, and the EUROCARE-5 study identified relevant articles focusing on human populations in Europe with a primary interest in OSCC epidemiology. Only peer-reviewed publications in English with full-text access were included.
Results: This study investigated the burden of OSCC across Europe, revealing variations in incidence, mortality, and prognosis. Eastern and Central Europe displayed the highest burden. Males exhibited a significantly higher risk compared to females. Age-related disparities existed in life expectancy and time to achieve favorable outcomes. HPV emerged as a growing risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer. Public health strategies should target modifiable risk factors and improve early detection.
Conclusion: This review reveals concerning disparities in European OSCC. Region, sex, and age all influence burden and prognosis. Future research should focus on controlling risk factors and personalized medicine to optimize treatment. This will lead to a Europe with reduced OSCC incidence and demonstrably better patient outcomes.
{"title":"Evolving trends in oral cancer burden in Europe: a systematic review.","authors":"Amr Sayed Ghanem, Hafsa Aijaz Memon, Attila Csaba Nagy","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1444326","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1444326","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Oral cavity cancer (OCC), primarily oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), is a growing concern in Europe, particularly among younger populations. Preventable lifestyle factors and social determinants of health contribute significantly to the disease burden. Limited access to healthcare and delayed diagnoses further complicate treatment and reduce survival rates.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This systematic literature review adhered to PRISMA guidelines to explore trends in OSCC epidemiology, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and survival across Europe. A comprehensive search strategy using PubMed, GLOBOCAN data, and the EUROCARE-5 study identified relevant articles focusing on human populations in Europe with a primary interest in OSCC epidemiology. Only peer-reviewed publications in English with full-text access were included.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study investigated the burden of OSCC across Europe, revealing variations in incidence, mortality, and prognosis. Eastern and Central Europe displayed the highest burden. Males exhibited a significantly higher risk compared to females. Age-related disparities existed in life expectancy and time to achieve favorable outcomes. HPV emerged as a growing risk factor for oropharyngeal cancer. Public health strategies should target modifiable risk factors and improve early detection.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This review reveals concerning disparities in European OSCC. Region, sex, and age all influence burden and prognosis. Future research should focus on controlling risk factors and personalized medicine to optimize treatment. This will lead to a Europe with reduced OSCC incidence and demonstrably better patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527597/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1463445
Sulayne Janayna Araujo Guimarães, André Alvares Marques Vale, Mirtes Castelo Branco Rocha, Ana Luiza de Araújo Butarelli, Jenilson Mota da Silva, Amanda Jordão Silva de Deus, Leudivan Nogueira, Ronald Wagner Pereira Coelho, Silma Regina Pereira, Ana Paula Silva Azevedo-Santos
Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a largely neglected condition, predominantly affecting underdeveloped regions, and is associated with risk factors such as low socioeconomic status, phimosis, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Unlike other urogenital cancers, its pathophysiology and therapeutic targets remain poorly understood, particularly regarding the immune response to the tumor microenvironment. This study aims to investigate immune cell infiltration profiles, dendritic cell maturation, and lymphocyte apoptosis in both HPV-positive and HPV-negative PSCC. Clinical and histopathological data, along with peripheral blood and tumor tissue samples, were collected from 30 patients (66.6% were HPV-positive and 33.3% HPV-negative), with an additional 19 healthy donors serving as controls. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells were analyzed following enzymatic digestion of tumor tissue, enabling detailed phenotypic characterization. A simulated tumor microenvironment was created using supernatants derived from primary cultures of HPV-positive PSCC tumors. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and differentiated into dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) for further phenotyping and lymphoproliferation assays. Lymphocytes from healthy donors and patients were exposed to tumor culture supernatants to evaluate apoptosis induced by the tumor microenvironment. Results showed that HPV-positive tumors exhibited lower T lymphocyte frequencies compared to HPV-negative tumors. Additionally, patients infected with high-risk HPV demonstrated reduced maturation rates of Mo-DCs and decreased expression of co-stimulatory molecules on these cells compared to healthy donors. Furthermore, Mo-DCs from hrHPV-positive patients showed impaired lymphoproliferation capacity relative to controls, while HPV-negative patients exhibited a trend towards reduced lymphoproliferative ability. Regarding the simulated tumor microenvironment, lymphocytes from healthy donors underwent apoptosis, contrasting with patients' lymphocytes, which showed increased viability when cultured with tumor supernatants. These results underscore the impact of HPV infection on T lymphocyte infiltration, Mo-DC maturation, and lymphocyte survival in PSCC, offering critical insights for advancing our understanding of the tumor microenvironment and guiding the development of immunotherapy strategies.
{"title":"Human papillomavirus infection affects the immune microenvironment and antigen presentation in penile cancer.","authors":"Sulayne Janayna Araujo Guimarães, André Alvares Marques Vale, Mirtes Castelo Branco Rocha, Ana Luiza de Araújo Butarelli, Jenilson Mota da Silva, Amanda Jordão Silva de Deus, Leudivan Nogueira, Ronald Wagner Pereira Coelho, Silma Regina Pereira, Ana Paula Silva Azevedo-Santos","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1463445","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1463445","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Penile squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) is a largely neglected condition, predominantly affecting underdeveloped regions, and is associated with risk factors such as low socioeconomic status, phimosis, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Unlike other urogenital cancers, its pathophysiology and therapeutic targets remain poorly understood, particularly regarding the immune response to the tumor microenvironment. This study aims to investigate immune cell infiltration profiles, dendritic cell maturation, and lymphocyte apoptosis in both HPV-positive and HPV-negative PSCC. Clinical and histopathological data, along with peripheral blood and tumor tissue samples, were collected from 30 patients (66.6% were HPV-positive and 33.3% HPV-negative), with an additional 19 healthy donors serving as controls. Tumor-infiltrating immune cells were analyzed following enzymatic digestion of tumor tissue, enabling detailed phenotypic characterization. A simulated tumor microenvironment was created using supernatants derived from primary cultures of HPV-positive PSCC tumors. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and differentiated into dendritic cells (Mo-DCs) for further phenotyping and lymphoproliferation assays. Lymphocytes from healthy donors and patients were exposed to tumor culture supernatants to evaluate apoptosis induced by the tumor microenvironment. Results showed that HPV-positive tumors exhibited lower T lymphocyte frequencies compared to HPV-negative tumors. Additionally, patients infected with high-risk HPV demonstrated reduced maturation rates of Mo-DCs and decreased expression of co-stimulatory molecules on these cells compared to healthy donors. Furthermore, Mo-DCs from hrHPV-positive patients showed impaired lymphoproliferation capacity relative to controls, while HPV-negative patients exhibited a trend towards reduced lymphoproliferative ability. Regarding the simulated tumor microenvironment, lymphocytes from healthy donors underwent apoptosis, contrasting with patients' lymphocytes, which showed increased viability when cultured with tumor supernatants. These results underscore the impact of HPV infection on T lymphocyte infiltration, Mo-DC maturation, and lymphocyte survival in PSCC, offering critical insights for advancing our understanding of the tumor microenvironment and guiding the development of immunotherapy strategies.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527599/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Local treatment can be distressful to breast cancer patients. We aimed to evaluate how different types of local treatment impact the quality of life of patients.
Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, one-year postoperative Breast-Q Satisfaction with Breasts scores were used as a surrogate for Quality of Life. Linear regression was used to estimate the impact of breast conservation, oncoplastic surgery, breast reconstruction, and radiation therapy on Breast-Q scores. All analyses were adjusted for multiple covariates.
Results: Of the 711 eligible patients, 349 female patients answered both the pre- and one-year postoperative questionnaires and were included in the final analysis. In total, 237 (68%) patients underwent breast-conserving surgeries and 112 (32%) underwent mastectomies. All mastectomy patients underwent breast reconstruction and 176 (74% of breast-conserving surgeries) underwent concomitant oncoplastic surgery. After multivariate analysis, mastectomy was associated with lower scores compared to breast-conserving surgery (-21.3; 95%CI: -36.2, -6.4, p=0.005), and oncoplastic surgery was associated with higher scores (9.2; 95%CI: 0.8, 17.6, p=0.032). There was a tendency for higher scores with the use of flaps in breast reconstruction and a tendency for lower scores with the use of radiation therapy, but the difference was not significant.
Conclusions: Breast-conserving surgery is associated with better quality of life than mastectomy. Additionally, oncoplastic surgery is associated with a better quality of life than standard breast-conserving surgery. Patients should be counseled whenever multiple options for surgery are possible, and efforts should be made to increase the availability of trained surgeons in oncoplastic techniques.
{"title":"Breast conservation and oncoplastic surgery are associated with improved quality of life.","authors":"Daniel Barbalho, Natalia Polidorio, Lincon Mori, Alfredo Barros, Marcelo Sampaio, Sandro Melo, Amilcar Assis, Pamela Bioni, Giovanna Miziara, Murilo Fraga, Felipe Andrade","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1465769","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1465769","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Local treatment can be distressful to breast cancer patients. We aimed to evaluate how different types of local treatment impact the quality of life of patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this retrospective cohort study, one-year postoperative Breast-Q Satisfaction with Breasts scores were used as a surrogate for Quality of Life. Linear regression was used to estimate the impact of breast conservation, oncoplastic surgery, breast reconstruction, and radiation therapy on Breast-Q scores. All analyses were adjusted for multiple covariates.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 711 eligible patients, 349 female patients answered both the pre- and one-year postoperative questionnaires and were included in the final analysis. In total, 237 (68%) patients underwent breast-conserving surgeries and 112 (32%) underwent mastectomies. All mastectomy patients underwent breast reconstruction and 176 (74% of breast-conserving surgeries) underwent concomitant oncoplastic surgery. After multivariate analysis, mastectomy was associated with lower scores compared to breast-conserving surgery (-21.3; 95%CI: -36.2, -6.4, p=0.005), and oncoplastic surgery was associated with higher scores (9.2; 95%CI: 0.8, 17.6, p=0.032). There was a tendency for higher scores with the use of flaps in breast reconstruction and a tendency for lower scores with the use of radiation therapy, but the difference was not significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Breast-conserving surgery is associated with better quality of life than mastectomy. Additionally, oncoplastic surgery is associated with a better quality of life than standard breast-conserving surgery. Patients should be counseled whenever multiple options for surgery are possible, and efforts should be made to increase the availability of trained surgeons in oncoplastic techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527707/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1474007
Lisa A King, Milon de Jong, Myrthe Veth, David Lutje Hulsik, Parsa Yousefi, Victoria Iglesias-Guimarais, Pauline M van Helden, Tanja D de Gruijl, Hans J van der Vliet
Background: Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells are antitumor immune effector cells that can detect metabolic dysregulation in cancer cells through phosphoantigen-induced conformational changes in the butyrophilin (BTN) 2A1/3A1 complex. In order to clinically exploit the anticancer properties of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells, various approaches have been studied including phosphoantigen stimulation, agonistic BTN3A-specific antibodies, adoptive transfer of expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells, and more recently bispecific antibodies. While Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells constitute a sizeable population, typically making up ~1-10% of the total T cell population, lower numbers have been observed with increasing age and in the context of disease.
Methods: We evaluated whether bivalent single domain antibodies (VHHs) that link Vδ2-TCR specific VHHs with different affinities could support Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell expansion and could be incorporated in a bispecific engager format when additionally linked to a tumor antigen specific VHH.
Results: Bivalent VHHs that link a high and low affinity Vδ2-TCR specific VHH can support Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell expansion. The majority of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells that expanded following exposure to these bivalent VHHs had an effector or central memory phenotype and expressed relatively low levels of PD-1. Bispecific engagers that incorporated the bivalent Vδ2-TCR specific VHH as well as a tumor antigen specific VHH triggered antitumor effector functions and supported expansion of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells in vitro and in an in vivo model in NOG-hIL-15 mice.
Conclusion: By enhancing the number of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells available to exert antitumor effector functions, these novel Vδ2-bivalent bispecific T cell engagers may promote the overall efficacy of bispecific Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell engagement, particularly in patients with relatively low levels of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells.
背景:Vγ9Vδ2 T细胞是一种抗肿瘤免疫效应细胞,可通过磷酸抗原诱导的丁嗜蛋白(BTN)2A1/3A1复合物构象变化检测癌细胞的代谢失调。为了在临床上利用 Vγ9Vδ2 T 细胞的抗癌特性,人们研究了各种方法,包括磷酸抗原刺激、激动 BTN3A 特异性抗体、扩大 Vγ9Vδ2 T 细胞的收养性转移,以及最近的双特异性抗体。虽然Vγ9Vδ2 T细胞数量可观,通常占T细胞总数的1%-10%,但随着年龄的增长和疾病的发生,Vγ9Vδ2 T细胞的数量会越来越少:我们评估了连接具有不同亲和力的Vδ2-TCR特异性VHH的二价单域抗体(VHH)是否能支持Vγ9Vδ2 T细胞扩增,以及在额外连接肿瘤抗原特异性VHH时是否能以双特异性吸引剂的形式结合:结果:连接高亲和力和低亲和力Vδ2-TCR特异性VHH的双价VHH可支持Vγ9Vδ2 T细胞扩增。暴露于这些双价 VHH 后扩增的 Vγ9Vδ2 T 细胞大多具有效应或中枢记忆表型,并表达相对较低水平的 PD-1。结合了二价Vδ2-TCR特异性VHH和肿瘤抗原特异性VHH的双特异性吞噬因子在体外和NOG-hIL-15小鼠体内模型中触发了抗肿瘤效应功能,并支持Vγ9Vδ2 T细胞的扩增:这些新型 Vδ2-二价双特异性 T 细胞参与剂可通过增加可用于发挥抗肿瘤效应功能的 Vγ9Vδ2 T 细胞数量来促进双特异性 Vγ9Vδ2 T 细胞参与的整体疗效,尤其是在 Vγ9Vδ2 T 细胞水平相对较低的患者中。
{"title":"Vδ2 T-cell engagers bivalent for Vδ2-TCR binding provide anti-tumor immunity and support robust Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell expansion.","authors":"Lisa A King, Milon de Jong, Myrthe Veth, David Lutje Hulsik, Parsa Yousefi, Victoria Iglesias-Guimarais, Pauline M van Helden, Tanja D de Gruijl, Hans J van der Vliet","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1474007","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1474007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells are antitumor immune effector cells that can detect metabolic dysregulation in cancer cells through phosphoantigen-induced conformational changes in the butyrophilin (BTN) 2A1/3A1 complex. In order to clinically exploit the anticancer properties of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells, various approaches have been studied including phosphoantigen stimulation, agonistic BTN3A-specific antibodies, adoptive transfer of expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells, and more recently bispecific antibodies. While Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells constitute a sizeable population, typically making up ~1-10% of the total T cell population, lower numbers have been observed with increasing age and in the context of disease.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We evaluated whether bivalent single domain antibodies (VHHs) that link Vδ2-TCR specific VHHs with different affinities could support Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell expansion and could be incorporated in a bispecific engager format when additionally linked to a tumor antigen specific VHH.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Bivalent VHHs that link a high and low affinity Vδ2-TCR specific VHH can support Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell expansion. The majority of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells that expanded following exposure to these bivalent VHHs had an effector or central memory phenotype and expressed relatively low levels of PD-1. Bispecific engagers that incorporated the bivalent Vδ2-TCR specific VHH as well as a tumor antigen specific VHH triggered antitumor effector functions and supported expansion of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells <i>in vitro</i> and in an <i>in vivo</i> model in NOG-hIL-15 mice.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>By enhancing the number of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells available to exert antitumor effector functions, these novel Vδ2-bivalent bispecific T cell engagers may promote the overall efficacy of bispecific Vγ9Vδ2 T-cell engagement, particularly in patients with relatively low levels of Vγ9Vδ2 T-cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527600/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: Differences in clinicopathological characteristics of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients may influence the immune response. This study aims to evaluate the heterogeneity of response to first-line chemoimmunotherapy between subgroups in ES-SCLC to screen out suitable populations.
Materials and methods: We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to December 3, 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ES-SCLC chemoimmunotherapy. We also reviewed main conferences from January 1, 2021 to October 1, 2023. A trial-specific hazard ratio (HR) ratio for each subgroup was calculated, and these ratios were then pooled using the deft approach.
Results: A total of 9 RCTs with 4099 patients were finally included. The pooled ratios were 0.92 (95% CI = 0.77 to 1.09) for OS-HRs and 0.79 (95% CI = 0.55 to 1.13) for PFS-HRs in women versus men. The pooled ratios of OS-HRs and PFS-HRs in patients with positive versus negative PD-L1 expression were 1.26 (95% CI = 0.91 to 1.73) and 1.08 (95% CI = 0.77 to 1.52), respectively. The pooled ratios of OS-HRs and PFS-HRs in patients without versus with brain metastasis were 0.77 (95% CI = 0.59 to 1.01) and 0.71 (95% CI = 0.44 to 1.12). No statistically significant differences were also found in terms of subgroups for age, liver metastasis, smoking status, ECOG PS, LDH level, type of platinum salt and race.
Conclusion: Women or patients with negative PD-L1 expression or with LDH ≤ ULN or without brain metastasis tend to benefit more from first-line chemoimmunotherapy in ES-SCLC. More trials are needed to prospectively validate the therapeutic heterogeneity among clinicopathological characteristics.
目的:广泛期小细胞肺癌(ES-SCLC)患者临床病理特征的差异可能会影响免疫反应。本研究旨在评估ES-SCLC亚组间对一线化疗免疫疗法反应的异质性,以筛选出合适的人群:我们检索了 PubMed、EMBASE 和 Cochrane Library 数据库中从开始到 2022 年 12 月 3 日有关 ES-SCLC 化疗免疫疗法的随机对照试验(RCT)。我们还回顾了2021年1月1日至2023年10月1日的主要会议。我们计算了每个亚组的特异性试验危险比(HR),然后使用deft方法对这些危险比进行了汇总:结果:最终共纳入了 9 项研究,4099 名患者。女性与男性相比,OS-HR 的汇总比率为 0.92(95% CI = 0.77 至 1.09),PFS-HR 的汇总比率为 0.79(95% CI = 0.55 至 1.13)。PD-L1表达阳性与阴性患者的OS-HRs和PFS-HRs的汇总比率分别为1.26(95% CI = 0.91至1.73)和1.08(95% CI = 0.77至1.52)。无脑转移患者与脑转移患者的OS-HRs和PFS-HRs的汇总比率分别为0.77(95% CI = 0.59至1.01)和0.71(95% CI = 0.44至1.12)。在年龄、肝转移、吸烟状况、ECOG PS、LDH水平、铂盐类型和种族等亚组中也未发现有统计学意义的差异:结论:女性或PD-L1阴性表达、LDH≤ULN或无脑转移的ES-SCLC患者往往更容易从一线化疗免疫疗法中获益。需要更多试验来前瞻性地验证临床病理特征之间的治疗异质性。系统综述注册:https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2023-3-0064/ identifier, INPLASY202330064。
{"title":"Heterogeneity between subgroups of first-line chemoimmunotherapy for extensive-stage small cell lung cancer patients: a meta-analysis and systematic review.","authors":"Wenwen Kang, Jing Cheng, Luyun Pan, Ping Zhan, Hongbing Liu, Tangfeng Lv, Hedong Han, Yong Song","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1334957","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1334957","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Differences in clinicopathological characteristics of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) patients may influence the immune response. This study aims to evaluate the heterogeneity of response to first-line chemoimmunotherapy between subgroups in ES-SCLC to screen out suitable populations.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>We searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases from inception to December 3, 2022 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of ES-SCLC chemoimmunotherapy. We also reviewed main conferences from January 1, 2021 to October 1, 2023. A trial-specific hazard ratio (HR) ratio for each subgroup was calculated, and these ratios were then pooled using the deft approach.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 9 RCTs with 4099 patients were finally included. The pooled ratios were 0.92 (95% CI = 0.77 to 1.09) for OS-HRs and 0.79 (95% CI = 0.55 to 1.13) for PFS-HRs in women versus men. The pooled ratios of OS-HRs and PFS-HRs in patients with positive versus negative PD-L1 expression were 1.26 (95% CI = 0.91 to 1.73) and 1.08 (95% CI = 0.77 to 1.52), respectively. The pooled ratios of OS-HRs and PFS-HRs in patients without versus with brain metastasis were 0.77 (95% CI = 0.59 to 1.01) and 0.71 (95% CI = 0.44 to 1.12). No statistically significant differences were also found in terms of subgroups for age, liver metastasis, smoking status, ECOG PS, LDH level, type of platinum salt and race.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Women or patients with negative PD-L1 expression or with LDH ≤ ULN or without brain metastasis tend to benefit more from first-line chemoimmunotherapy in ES-SCLC. More trials are needed to prospectively validate the therapeutic heterogeneity among clinicopathological characteristics.</p><p><strong>Systematic review registration: </strong>https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2023-3-0064/ identifier, INPLASY202330064.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527596/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumour with poor prognosis and high mortality, and high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) is considered to be one of its important risk factors.
Methods: PC disease burden data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) database. Annual percent change (APC), average APC (AAPC), and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were analysed using joinpoint linkpoint regression models to assess the trend of PC burden of disease between 1990 and 2021. An age-period-cohort model was used to estimate the independent effects of age, period, and cohort on PC burden, and data on PC mortality attributable to HFPG in China from 2022 to 2032 were analysed on the basis of a Bayesian age-period-cohort model projection.
Results: The number of Pc deaths due to HFPG continue to rise in China from 1990 to 2021, with age-standardised mortality (ASMR) and age-standardised disability-adjusted life-year rates with increasing AAPC values of 1.12% (95% CI, 0.73-1.52) and 1.00% (95% CI, 0.63-1.37), respectively. Throughout the study, we found that the overall level of PC disease burden was significantly higher in men than that in women. In age-period-cohort analyses, the age effect of PC showed an increasing and then decreasing trend, the period effect showed an overall increasing trend during the study period, and the cohort effect showed an overall slow decreasing trend. In addition, the BAPC model predicted that ASMR is expected to decline significantly in both men and women from 2022 to 2032.
Conclusions: It was found that PC attributable to HFPG was generally on the rise in China from 1990 to 2021 and has been on the decline in recent years, and projections suggest that the country's future PC disease burden will continue to show a downward trend. Age and period of birth are the main factors affecting the disease burden, especially in men and older age groups. Early prevention, regular screening, and research into the pathogenesis of PC have, therefore, become particularly important.
背景:胰腺癌(PC)是一种预后差、死亡率高的恶性肿瘤,高空腹血浆葡萄糖(HFPG)被认为是其重要的风险因素之一:PC 疾病负担数据来自《2021 年全球疾病负担研究》(GBD 2021)数据库。使用连接点链接回归模型分析了年变化百分比(APC)、平均APC(AAPC)和95%置信区间(95% CI),以评估1990年至2021年间PC疾病负担的趋势。使用年龄-时期-队列模型估算年龄、时期和队列对 PC 负担的独立影响,并根据贝叶斯年龄-时期-队列模型预测分析了 2022 年至 2032 年中国高频肺结核导致的 PC 死亡率数据:从1990年到2021年,中国因HFPG导致的PC死亡人数持续上升,年龄标准化死亡率(ASMR)和年龄标准化残疾调整生命年率的AAPC值分别为1.12%(95% CI,0.73-1.52)和1.00%(95% CI,0.63-1.37)。在整个研究过程中,我们发现男性 PC 疾病负担的总体水平明显高于女性。在年龄-时期-队列分析中,PC 的年龄效应呈先增后减的趋势,时期效应在研究期间总体呈上升趋势,队列效应总体呈缓慢下降趋势。此外,BAPC 模型预测,从 2022 年到 2032 年,男性和女性的 ASMR 预计都将显著下降:研究发现,从 1990 年到 2021 年,中国高危人群肺结核发病率总体呈上升趋势,近年来有所下降,预测表明中国未来的肺结核疾病负担将继续呈下降趋势。年龄和生育期是影响疾病负担的主要因素,尤其是男性和老年群体。因此,早期预防、定期筛查以及对 PC 发病机制的研究变得尤为重要。
{"title":"Trend and forecast analysis of the changing disease burden of pancreatic cancer attributable to high fasting glucose in China, 1990-2021.","authors":"Lichen Song, Ziyi Chen, Yongjie Li, Lirong Ran, Dongwei Liao, Yuanyuan Zhang, Guangming Wang","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1471699","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1471699","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a malignant tumour with poor prognosis and high mortality, and high fasting plasma glucose (HFPG) is considered to be one of its important risk factors.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>PC disease burden data were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 (GBD 2021) database. Annual percent change (APC), average APC (AAPC), and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were analysed using joinpoint linkpoint regression models to assess the trend of PC burden of disease between 1990 and 2021. An age-period-cohort model was used to estimate the independent effects of age, period, and cohort on PC burden, and data on PC mortality attributable to HFPG in China from 2022 to 2032 were analysed on the basis of a Bayesian age-period-cohort model projection.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The number of Pc deaths due to HFPG continue to rise in China from 1990 to 2021, with age-standardised mortality (ASMR) and age-standardised disability-adjusted life-year rates with increasing AAPC values of 1.12% (95% CI, 0.73-1.52) and 1.00% (95% CI, 0.63-1.37), respectively. Throughout the study, we found that the overall level of PC disease burden was significantly higher in men than that in women. In age-period-cohort analyses, the age effect of PC showed an increasing and then decreasing trend, the period effect showed an overall increasing trend during the study period, and the cohort effect showed an overall slow decreasing trend. In addition, the BAPC model predicted that ASMR is expected to decline significantly in both men and women from 2022 to 2032.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>It was found that PC attributable to HFPG was generally on the rise in China from 1990 to 2021 and has been on the decline in recent years, and projections suggest that the country's future PC disease burden will continue to show a downward trend. Age and period of birth are the main factors affecting the disease burden, especially in men and older age groups. Early prevention, regular screening, and research into the pathogenesis of PC have, therefore, become particularly important.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527594/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1497003
Hyun Eom Jung, Dai Hoon Han, Bon-Nyeo Koo, Jeongmin Kim
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1136376.].
[此处更正了文章 DOI:10.3389/fonc.2023.1136376]。
{"title":"Corrigendum: Effect of sarcopenia on postoperative ICU admission and length of stay after hepatic resection for Klatskin tumor.","authors":"Hyun Eom Jung, Dai Hoon Han, Bon-Nyeo Koo, Jeongmin Kim","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1497003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2024.1497003","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1136376.].</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11529334/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1436955
Yaochen Lou, Feng Jiang, Jun Guan
Objective: This study aimed to explore the potential effects between various human plasma lipidomes and endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) by using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods.
Methods: This study designated a total of 179 human plasma lipidomes from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) database as the exposure variable. An EEC-related dataset from the GWAS (GCST006465) served as the outcome variable. MR analyses used the inverse variance-weighted method (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods for regression calculations, accounting for possible biases induced by linkage disequilibrium and weak instrument variables. Any lipidomes failing to pass heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy tests were deemed to lack significant causal impact on the outcome.
Results: The results of IVW analysis disclosed that a variety of human plasma lipidomes (n = 15) exhibited a significant causal effect on EEC (p < 0.05). A subset of these lipidomes (n = 13) passed heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy tests, which demonstrated consistent and viable causal effects (p < 0.05) including glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, and sterols. Specifically, phosphatidylcholine (odds ratio [OR]: 1.065-1.129, p < 0.05) exhibited a significant positive causal effect on the occurrence of EEC. Conversely, sterol ester (OR = 0.936, p = 0.007), diacylglycerol (OR = 0.914, p = 0.036), phosphatidylcholine (OR: 0.903-0.927, p < 0.05), phosphatidylethanolamine (OR = 0.907, p = 0.046) and triacylglycerol (OR: 0.880-0.924, p < 0.05) showed a notable negative causal association with EEC, suggesting their inhibitory effects on the EEC occurrence.
Conclusions: The study revealed that human plasma lipidomes have complex impacts on EEC through Mendelian randomization. This indicated that the diversity of structural changes in lipidomes could show different effects on subtypes and then affect EEC occurrence. Although these lipids had the potential to be promising biomarkers, they needed to be further clinically validated nevertheless.
{"title":"The effect of lipidomes on the risk of endometrioid endometrial cancer: a Mendelian randomization study.","authors":"Yaochen Lou, Feng Jiang, Jun Guan","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1436955","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1436955","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to explore the potential effects between various human plasma lipidomes and endometrioid endometrial cancer (EEC) by using Mendelian randomization (MR) methods.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study designated a total of 179 human plasma lipidomes from the genome-wide association study (GWAS) database as the exposure variable. An EEC-related dataset from the GWAS (GCST006465) served as the outcome variable. MR analyses used the inverse variance-weighted method (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode methods for regression calculations, accounting for possible biases induced by linkage disequilibrium and weak instrument variables. Any lipidomes failing to pass heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy tests were deemed to lack significant causal impact on the outcome.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results of IVW analysis disclosed that a variety of human plasma lipidomes (n = 15) exhibited a significant causal effect on EEC (p < 0.05). A subset of these lipidomes (n = 13) passed heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy tests, which demonstrated consistent and viable causal effects (p < 0.05) including glycerophospholipids, glycerolipids, and sterols. Specifically, phosphatidylcholine (odds ratio [OR]: 1.065-1.129, p < 0.05) exhibited a significant positive causal effect on the occurrence of EEC. Conversely, sterol ester (OR = 0.936, p = 0.007), diacylglycerol (OR = 0.914, p = 0.036), phosphatidylcholine (OR: 0.903-0.927, p < 0.05), phosphatidylethanolamine (OR = 0.907, p = 0.046) and triacylglycerol (OR: 0.880-0.924, p < 0.05) showed a notable negative causal association with EEC, suggesting their inhibitory effects on the EEC occurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The study revealed that human plasma lipidomes have complex impacts on EEC through Mendelian randomization. This indicated that the diversity of structural changes in lipidomes could show different effects on subtypes and then affect EEC occurrence. Although these lipids had the potential to be promising biomarkers, they needed to be further clinically validated nevertheless.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527595/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1467694
Alexander Klein, Chataut Chudamani, Andreas Wieser, Sophia S Goller, Luc M Berclaz, Dorit Di Gioia, Boris M Holzapfel, Hans Roland Dürr
Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSI) are one of the most common complications after extensive sarcoma resections and represent a daily challenge. SSI occur in up to 50% of cases particularly in the peripelvic area. One possible approach to reduce infection rate is perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. The aim of this study therefore was to investigate the influence of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis on the infection rate and the possible influence of location-specific antibiotic prophylaxis with ampicillin/sulbactam.
Methods: This monocentric retrospective study included 366 patients who underwent sarcoma resections in the groin, proximal thigh, or gluteal region. All patients were operated on by 2 surgeons after neoadjuvant pretreatment if necessary. 3 groups of patients were defined. Group 1: In 60.4% of all cases, antibiotic prophylaxis was administered with cephalosporins (also clindamycin in case of penicillin allergy). Group2: In 9.8% of cases, ampicillin/sulbactam was used. Group 3: 29.8% of patients did not receive any antibiotic prophylaxis.
Results: In 31.1% of treated cases, antibiotic therapy was prolonged due to extended tumor resections. Postoperative infections occurred in 23.2% (85 cases), in 77 cases within the first 90 days (on average after 20 days). The median operating time, blood loss was higher, and tumor size were significantly larger in cases with infections, compared to patients without infection. In group 1 and 2 with perioperative single-shot prophylaxis, infection occurred in 24.1% of cases, compared to 13.5% of cases without prophylaxis (group 3) (p= 0.032). In the patients with prolonged antibiotic therapy, infection occurred in 31.6% of cases, compared to 16.3% of cases without prolongation (p< 0.001). In the group 2, infection occurred in 19.4% of cases compared to 24.9% of cases in the group 1 (p= 0.479). In the multivariate analysis, surgery time longer 80 min, blood substitution, neoadjuvant radio- and chemotherapy proved to be a risk factor for SSI.
Discussion: Region adapted perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis may reduce the risk of infection after extended sarcoma resection in the peripelvic area. However, the particular bacterial spectrum of this anatomic region should be taken into account when deciding which antibiotics to use.
{"title":"Surgical site infections after sarcoma resections in the peripelvic region: do we need perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis?","authors":"Alexander Klein, Chataut Chudamani, Andreas Wieser, Sophia S Goller, Luc M Berclaz, Dorit Di Gioia, Boris M Holzapfel, Hans Roland Dürr","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1467694","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1467694","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Surgical site infections (SSI) are one of the most common complications after extensive sarcoma resections and represent a daily challenge. SSI occur in up to 50% of cases particularly in the peripelvic area. One possible approach to reduce infection rate is perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. The aim of this study therefore was to investigate the influence of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis on the infection rate and the possible influence of location-specific antibiotic prophylaxis with ampicillin/sulbactam.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This monocentric retrospective study included 366 patients who underwent sarcoma resections in the groin, proximal thigh, or gluteal region. All patients were operated on by 2 surgeons after neoadjuvant pretreatment if necessary. 3 groups of patients were defined. Group 1: In 60.4% of all cases, antibiotic prophylaxis was administered with cephalosporins (also clindamycin in case of penicillin allergy). Group2: In 9.8% of cases, ampicillin/sulbactam was used. Group 3: 29.8% of patients did not receive any antibiotic prophylaxis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In 31.1% of treated cases, antibiotic therapy was prolonged due to extended tumor resections. Postoperative infections occurred in 23.2% (85 cases), in 77 cases within the first 90 days (on average after 20 days). The median operating time, blood loss was higher, and tumor size were significantly larger in cases with infections, compared to patients without infection. In group 1 and 2 with perioperative single-shot prophylaxis, infection occurred in 24.1% of cases, compared to 13.5% of cases without prophylaxis (group 3) (p= 0.032). In the patients with prolonged antibiotic therapy, infection occurred in 31.6% of cases, compared to 16.3% of cases without prolongation (p< 0.001). In the group 2, infection occurred in 19.4% of cases compared to 24.9% of cases in the group 1 (p= 0.479). In the multivariate analysis, surgery time longer 80 min, blood substitution, neoadjuvant radio- and chemotherapy proved to be a risk factor for SSI.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Region adapted perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis may reduce the risk of infection after extended sarcoma resection in the peripelvic area. However, the particular bacterial spectrum of this anatomic region should be taken into account when deciding which antibiotics to use.</p>","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527775/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-10-18eCollection Date: 2024-01-01DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1493833
Chad Brenner, Carolyn Y Fang
{"title":"Editorial: Revolutionizing cancer care: the promise of liquid biopsy assays for healthcare equity.","authors":"Chad Brenner, Carolyn Y Fang","doi":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1493833","DOIUrl":"10.3389/fonc.2024.1493833","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12482,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in Oncology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11527784/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142567470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}