Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102442
Paloma Camós-Guijosa , Alba Caro-Durán , Eva Bellés-Mur , Benilde Domingo-Arasa , Yolanda Vasco-Rodríguez
Introduction
Social prescription targets people with social isolation or unwanted loneliness and offers them community activities to improve their emotional well-being. Disabled homebound people cannot access social-health community assets. Neighborhood volunteers may accompany them at home or walk them outdoors. Community emotional well-being referent may enhance these interactions, conducting emotional counseling and management groups for volunteers.
Objective
To evaluate the effectiveness of community intervention of accompaniment and emotional management with volunteers on unwanted loneliness in people with social isolation, their emotional well-being, and quality of life.
Method
A community non-randomized trial on isolation with a qualitative nested study on unwanted loneliness. Detection by a driving group, made up of neighborhood organizations and the community health team, in an opportunistic way. Implementation of the multi-level volunteer-isolated people intervention. In cases where we detect architectural barriers, we will provide technical aids (portable stairlifts).
{"title":"Accompaniment of isolated people by volunteers from the neighborhood (ACOMPANYEM). A community trial with a nested qualitative study","authors":"Paloma Camós-Guijosa , Alba Caro-Durán , Eva Bellés-Mur , Benilde Domingo-Arasa , Yolanda Vasco-Rodríguez","doi":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102442","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102442","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Introduction</h3><div>Social prescription targets people with social isolation or unwanted loneliness and offers them community activities to improve their emotional well-being. Disabled homebound people cannot access social-health community assets. Neighborhood volunteers may accompany them at home or walk them outdoors. Community emotional well-being referent may enhance these interactions, conducting emotional counseling and management groups for volunteers.</div></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the effectiveness of community intervention of accompaniment and emotional management with volunteers on unwanted loneliness in people with social isolation, their emotional well-being, and quality of life.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A community non-randomized trial on isolation with a qualitative nested study on unwanted loneliness. Detection by a driving group, made up of neighborhood organizations and the community health team, in an opportunistic way. Implementation of the multi-level volunteer-isolated people intervention. In cases where we detect architectural barriers, we will provide technical aids (portable stairlifts).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12494,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta Sanitaria","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102442"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102438
Josué Martínez-de la Puente , Mikel A. González
The aim of this field note is to report the presence of new mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in the province of Segovia and discuss their potential role in pathogen transmission. In August 2024, two female mosquitoes were captured and identified as Aedes geniculatus (Olivier, 1791) and Anopheles petragnani (Del Vecchio, 1939) through a combination of traditional morphological identification and molecular analysis of their COI gene sequences. In urban environments, like the study area, these species seem to be attracted to humans.
{"title":"Primeras citas de dos especies de mosquitos antropófilos en Segovia. Implicación en la transmisión de patógenos","authors":"Josué Martínez-de la Puente , Mikel A. González","doi":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102438","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102438","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The aim of this field note is to report the presence of new mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in the province of Segovia and discuss their potential role in pathogen transmission. In August 2024, two female mosquitoes were captured and identified as <em>Aedes geniculatus</em> (Olivier, 1791) and <em>Anopheles petragnani</em> (Del Vecchio, 1939) through a combination of traditional morphological identification and molecular analysis of their COI gene sequences. In urban environments, like the study area, these species seem to be attracted to humans.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12494,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta Sanitaria","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142974046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102455
Helena Gonzalez-Casals , Carmen Vives-Cases , Albert Espelt , Marina Bosque-Prous , Ester Teixidó-Compañó , Gemma Drou-Roget , Cinta Folch
Objective
To estimate the prevalence of sexual violence among Catalan adolescents and its associated factors, as well as examining the relationship between experiencing sexual violence and low mood and risky substance use.
Method
Cross-sectional study conducted with 5900 adolescents (53.2% girls). The main study variables were having experienced sexual violence and reporting unhealthy behaviours or health problems (low mood, daily tobacco consumption and alcohol and cannabis risky consumption). Prevalence rates were estimated for all variables, and Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to analyse potential associations with independent variables.
Results
The prevalence of experienced sexual violence was 30%, with differences between boys (14.1%; 95%CI: 12.8-15.4) and girls (43.3%; 95%CI: 41.6-45.0). Having a minority sexual orientation, early onset of sexual relations, being in a higher academic course, having experienced and exercised bullying, and poor relationship with the parents were associated with experienced sexual violence. Experiencing sexual violence was associated with low mood, daily tobacco consumption and risky alcohol and cannabis consumption for both sexes.
Conclusions
Experiencing sexual violence in adolescence is prevalent, particularly among girls and sexual minorities, and is associated with mental health issues and substance use. The study highlights the need for gender-sensitive healthcare policies that address mental health and social support systems. Comprehensive prevention programs must consider the experiences of gender minorities and the psychosocial factors that contribute to the experience of sexual violence.
{"title":"Sexual violence in Catalan adolescents: prevalence, associated factors and health consequences","authors":"Helena Gonzalez-Casals , Carmen Vives-Cases , Albert Espelt , Marina Bosque-Prous , Ester Teixidó-Compañó , Gemma Drou-Roget , Cinta Folch","doi":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102455","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102455","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To estimate the prevalence of sexual violence among Catalan adolescents and its associated factors, as well as examining the relationship between experiencing sexual violence and low mood and risky substance use.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Cross-sectional study conducted with 5900 adolescents (53.2% girls). The main study variables were having experienced sexual violence and reporting unhealthy behaviours or health problems (low mood, daily tobacco consumption and alcohol and cannabis risky consumption). Prevalence rates were estimated for all variables, and Poisson regression models with robust variance were used to analyse potential associations with independent variables.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The prevalence of experienced sexual violence was 30%, with differences between boys (14.1%; 95%CI: 12.8-15.4) and girls (43.3%; 95%CI: 41.6-45.0). Having a minority sexual orientation, early onset of sexual relations, being in a higher academic course, having experienced and exercised bullying, and poor relationship with the parents were associated with experienced sexual violence. Experiencing sexual violence was associated with low mood, daily tobacco consumption and risky alcohol and cannabis consumption for both sexes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Experiencing sexual violence in adolescence is prevalent, particularly among girls and sexual minorities, and is associated with mental health issues and substance use. The study highlights the need for gender-sensitive healthcare policies that address mental health and social support systems. Comprehensive prevention programs must consider the experiences of gender minorities and the psychosocial factors that contribute to the experience of sexual violence.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12494,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta Sanitaria","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102455"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143454950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102463
Manuela Alcañiz, Montserrat Guillen, Miguel Santolino
Objective
To estimate the increase in the prevalence rate of drivers testing positive for alcohol when lowering the breath alcohol content (BrAC) limit from 0.25 to 0.10 mg/l.
Method
A cross-sectional study using a sample of 8320 breath tests from a mandatory roadside random survey conducted on interurban roads in Catalonia in 2019.
Results
The percentage of drivers with a BrAC >0.10 mg/L was 3.8% (95%CI: 3.2-4.4), more than twice the percentage with a BrAC >0.25 mg/L (1.6%, 95%CI: 1.2-2.0). Males (4.0%, 95%CI: 3.3-4.6 vs. 1.6%, 95%CI: 1.2-2.0) and those aged over 65 years (4.3%, 95%CI: 2.2-6.4. vs. 0.8%, 95%CI: 0.2-1.5) are particularly impacted by the alcohol limit reduction.
Conclusions
This study identifies the groups likely to be most affected by a reduction of the legal BrAC limit, highlighting the need for targeted awareness campaigns on the risks of drinking and driving.
{"title":"Lowering the legal alcohol limits for driving: expected changes in the prevalence of positive tests","authors":"Manuela Alcañiz, Montserrat Guillen, Miguel Santolino","doi":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102463","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102463","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To estimate the increase in the prevalence rate of drivers testing positive for alcohol when lowering the breath alcohol content (BrAC) limit from 0.25 to 0.10<!--> <!-->mg/l.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A cross-sectional study using a sample of 8320 breath tests from a mandatory roadside random survey conducted on interurban roads in Catalonia in 2019.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The percentage of drivers with a BrAC<!--> <!-->>0.10<!--> <!-->mg/L was 3.8% (95%CI: 3.2-4.4), more than twice the percentage with a BrAC<!--> <!-->>0.25<!--> <!-->mg/L (1.6%, 95%CI: 1.2-2.0). Males (4.0%, 95%CI: 3.3-4.6 vs. 1.6%, 95%CI: 1.2-2.0) and those aged over 65 years (4.3%, 95%CI: 2.2-6.4. vs. 0.8%, 95%CI: 0.2-1.5) are particularly impacted by the alcohol limit reduction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This study identifies the groups likely to be most affected by a reduction of the legal BrAC limit, highlighting the need for targeted awareness campaigns on the risks of drinking and driving.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12494,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta Sanitaria","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102463"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143473833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102462
María Torrejón-Ramos, María-Sonia Medina-Salgado, Marta Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado
Objective
To identify the most relevant research on food waste and loss in hospitals, analyse its main characteristics and investigate key findings as well as gaps in existing studies.
Method
A scoping review adapted from the PRISMA-ScR guidelines was conducted. The sample was extracted from core databases and subjected to rigorous analysis to ensure transparency and quality of the process.
Results
The importance of conducting research that jointly addresses wellbeing and environmental sustainability in hospitals is highlighted. In addition, the importance of properly managing food waste in hospitals is highlighted, contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda.
Conclusions
The complexity of obtaining accurate and relevant information on wasted food and on the actual food needs of patients hinders efficient hospital management. It helps to identify the most promising areas for addressing the causes and consequences of food waste in hospitals. In this way, management strategies can be improved, and the well-being of patients, workers and managers can be optimised through cooperation, communication and coordination.
{"title":"A scoping review on reducing food waste and loss in hospitals","authors":"María Torrejón-Ramos, María-Sonia Medina-Salgado, Marta Ortiz-de-Urbina-Criado","doi":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102462","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102462","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To identify the most relevant research on food waste and loss in hospitals, analyse its main characteristics and investigate key findings as well as gaps in existing studies.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>A scoping review adapted from the PRISMA-ScR guidelines was conducted. The sample was extracted from core databases and subjected to rigorous analysis to ensure transparency and quality of the process.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The importance of conducting research that jointly addresses wellbeing and environmental sustainability in hospitals is highlighted. In addition, the importance of properly managing food waste in hospitals is highlighted, contributing to the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The complexity of obtaining accurate and relevant information on wasted food and on the actual food needs of patients hinders efficient hospital management. It helps to identify the most promising areas for addressing the causes and consequences of food waste in hospitals. In this way, management strategies can be improved, and the well-being of patients, workers and managers can be optimised through cooperation, communication and coordination.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12494,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta Sanitaria","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102462"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143463746","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102439
Marta Trapero-Bertran , Jaume Puig-Junoy , Emilio J. Alegre-del-Rey , Ana Clopés , Félix Lobo , Ana Ortega
This paper describes the reforms recommended by the Advisory Committee on the Financing of Pharmaceuticals (CAPF) for the National Health System (NHS) of Spain from 2019 to 2024 for the drug pricing and reimbursement process, to integrate economic evaluations and improve efficiency and sustainability. The CAPF has proposed a three-phase reform of the economic evaluation (EE) and budget impact analysis (BIA) processes. The first phase involves the mandatory submission of EE and BIA by applicants for new drugs. The second phase involves the assessment of these submissions, coordinated by the Directorate-General for Pharmaceuticals. The third phase focuses on the application of these assessments to decision-making on drug positioning, pricing and financing. The CAPF's recommendations emphasise improved regulation, transparency and the development of methodological guidelines for economic evaluations. These proposals include a dynamic appraisal system and the creation of official NHS guidance on EE and BIA. The process is designed to ensure compliance with established criteria and to incorporate efficiency into decision-making. The initiatives of the CAPF aim to make progress towards the integration of efficiency in Spanish pharmaceutical policy seeking to improve the methodological quality and transparency of economic evaluations, ultimately contributing to more informed decision-making and sustainable healthcare practices.
{"title":"Reform of economic evaluation of medicines in Spain: proposals from the Advisory Committee for Pharmaceutical Financing","authors":"Marta Trapero-Bertran , Jaume Puig-Junoy , Emilio J. Alegre-del-Rey , Ana Clopés , Félix Lobo , Ana Ortega","doi":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This paper describes the reforms recommended by the Advisory Committee on the Financing of Pharmaceuticals (CAPF) for the National Health System (NHS) of Spain from 2019 to 2024 for the drug pricing and reimbursement process, to integrate economic evaluations and improve efficiency and sustainability. The CAPF has proposed a three-phase reform of the economic evaluation (EE) and budget impact analysis (BIA) processes. The first phase involves the mandatory submission of EE and BIA by applicants for new drugs. The second phase involves the assessment of these submissions, coordinated by the Directorate-General for Pharmaceuticals. The third phase focuses on the application of these assessments to decision-making on drug positioning, pricing and financing. The CAPF's recommendations emphasise improved regulation, transparency and the development of methodological guidelines for economic evaluations. These proposals include a dynamic appraisal system and the creation of official NHS guidance on EE and BIA. The process is designed to ensure compliance with established criteria and to incorporate efficiency into decision-making. The initiatives of the CAPF aim to make progress towards the integration of efficiency in Spanish pharmaceutical policy seeking to improve the methodological quality and transparency of economic evaluations, ultimately contributing to more informed decision-making and sustainable healthcare practices.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12494,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta Sanitaria","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102439"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102436
Diego Álvarez-Lourido , José Luis Paniza-Prados , Antonio Álvarez-Sousa
Objective
Analyze how pandemics contribute to the increase in social inequalities in the health sector.
Method
Data are taken from Eurobarometer 97.3. We use the Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM) methodology for this analysis.
Results
People with lower socio-economic status, considered to be of lower social class, living in areas with worse infrastructure for practicing physical activity, and in countries with high levels of social inequality, are less likely to engage in leisure time physical activity. In addition, these individuals are more likely to interrupt physical activity practices as a result of COVID-19. In contrast, people of higher socio-economic status, considered to be of upper class, living in contexts where there are opportunities for physical activity, and in countries with low levels of social inequality, are more likely/ to belong to the group of those who increased the frequency of practicing physical activity in free time/ to have increased the frequency of their leisure time physical activity.
Conclusions
There are widespread inequalities in leisure time physical activity linked to personal variables (social status and subjective social class) and contextual variables (infrastructures and Gini Index) that were significantly aggravated with the COVID-19 pandemic.
{"title":"The influence of COVID-19 on the practice of physical activity in the European Union countries","authors":"Diego Álvarez-Lourido , José Luis Paniza-Prados , Antonio Álvarez-Sousa","doi":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Analyze how pandemics contribute to the increase in social inequalities in the health sector.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Data are taken from Eurobarometer 97.3. We use the Generalized Structural Equation Model (GSEM) methodology for this analysis.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>People with lower socio-economic status, considered to be of lower social class, living in areas with worse infrastructure for practicing physical activity, and in countries with high levels of social inequality, are less likely to engage in leisure time physical activity. In addition, these individuals are more likely to interrupt physical activity practices as a result of COVID-19. In contrast, people of higher socio-economic status, considered to be of upper class, living in contexts where there are opportunities for physical activity, and in countries with low levels of social inequality, are more likely/ to belong to the group of those who increased the frequency of practicing physical activity in free time/ to have increased the frequency of their leisure time physical activity.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>There are widespread inequalities in leisure time physical activity linked to personal variables (social status and subjective social class) and contextual variables (infrastructures and Gini Index) that were significantly aggravated with the COVID-19 pandemic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12494,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta Sanitaria","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102436"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018885","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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