Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102454
Irene Falgas-Bague , Helena Llonch Valsells , Maria Juan Corbella , Francisco Collazos , Andrea Fernandez-Rodriguez
The mental health challenges faced by the migrant population in Spain are analyzed, emphasizing the gaps of our healthcare system to addresses their specific needs. Among these challenges are a high prevalence of mental disorders, increased exposure to mental health determinants, differences in the expression of distress, and behaviors related to access and demand for services. Proposals are presented to improve healthcare at multiple levels: 1) fostering of high-impact research, 2) providing rigorous culturally humility training for healthcare professionals and for the integration of community mental health agents, and 3) establishing reference care units as an organizational shift to enhance care and promote public health policies. In conclusion, urgent action through public health policies is necessary to ensure the best care for all.
{"title":"Estrategias para organizar la investigación y la atención en salud mental de poblaciones migrantes","authors":"Irene Falgas-Bague , Helena Llonch Valsells , Maria Juan Corbella , Francisco Collazos , Andrea Fernandez-Rodriguez","doi":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102454","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102454","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mental health challenges faced by the migrant population in Spain are analyzed, emphasizing the gaps of our healthcare system to addresses their specific needs. Among these challenges are a high prevalence of mental disorders, increased exposure to mental health determinants, differences in the expression of distress, and behaviors related to access and demand for services. Proposals are presented to improve healthcare at multiple levels: 1) fostering of high-impact research, 2) providing rigorous culturally humility training for healthcare professionals and for the integration of community mental health agents, and 3) establishing reference care units as an organizational shift to enhance care and promote public health policies. In conclusion, urgent action through public health policies is necessary to ensure the best care for all.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12494,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta Sanitaria","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102454"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102458
Enrique Pérez-Miguel, Sergi Trias-Llimós
Objective
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in low-mortality countries, but subpopulation level differences exist. This study assesses educational inequalities in CVD mortality by sex in Spanish regions (2016-2021).
Method
Age-standardised mortality rates by sex, region and education were estimated using individual-level mortality data from individuals aged ≥35 years residing in Spain provided by the Spanish National Statistics Institute. The Relative and the Slope Indexes of Inequality (RII and SII) were estimated to assess educational inequalities.
Results
For the whole Spain, RII was 1.79 (IC95%: 1.42-2.26) for women and 1.59 (IC95%: 1.33-1.91) for men, with differences across regions. The greatest inequalities were found in the Balearic and Canary Islands, and the lowest in La Rioja.
Conclusions
Continued efforts monitoring and tackling cardiovascular morbidity and its determinants are needed at the national and regional level to further contribute to reducing cardiovascular mortality levels and inequalities therein.
{"title":"Educational inequalities in cardiovascular mortality in Spanish regions (2016-2021)","authors":"Enrique Pérez-Miguel, Sergi Trias-Llimós","doi":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102458","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102458","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in low-mortality countries, but subpopulation level differences exist. This study assesses educational inequalities in CVD mortality by sex in Spanish regions (2016-2021).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Age-standardised mortality rates by sex, region and education were estimated using individual-level mortality data from individuals aged ≥35 years residing in Spain provided by the Spanish National Statistics Institute. The Relative and the Slope Indexes of Inequality (RII and SII) were estimated to assess educational inequalities.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>For the whole Spain, RII was 1.79 (IC95%: 1.42-2.26) for women and 1.59 (IC95%: 1.33-1.91) for men, with differences across regions. The greatest inequalities were found in the Balearic and Canary Islands, and the lowest in La Rioja.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Continued efforts monitoring and tackling cardiovascular morbidity and its determinants are needed at the national and regional level to further contribute to reducing cardiovascular mortality levels and inequalities therein.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12494,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta Sanitaria","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102458"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143437529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102444
Celia Robles Cabanillas , Isabel Hurtado Navarro , Aníbal García-Sempere , Fran Llopis-Cardona , Francisco Sánchez-Sáez , Clara Rodríguez-Bernal , Gabriel Sanfélix-Gimeno
Objective
To evaluate the risk of acute pancreatitis and biliary disease in patients treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA).
Method
Population-based, propensity-weighted, new user, active comparator design study including patients with diabetes and obesity initiating treatment with GLP-1 RA or the comparator group sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) in the region of Valencia from 2015 to 2021.
Results
In adjusted, per protocol main analysis, no risk differences were found for acute pancreatitis (HR: 0.56; 95%CI: 0.17-1.91) nor for biliary disease (HR: 1.12; IC95%: 0.79, 1.58). Secondary analyses yielded similar results.
Conclusions
Despite we did not observe increased risk of gastrointestinal events in GLP-1 RA vs SGLT-2i patients, adherence to approved indications and close monitoring of potential adverse events are warranted to ensure patient safety.
{"title":"Association of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists with acute pancreatitis and biliary disease in individuals with diabetes and obesity: a propensity-weighted, population-based cohort study","authors":"Celia Robles Cabanillas , Isabel Hurtado Navarro , Aníbal García-Sempere , Fran Llopis-Cardona , Francisco Sánchez-Sáez , Clara Rodríguez-Bernal , Gabriel Sanfélix-Gimeno","doi":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate the risk of acute pancreatitis and biliary disease in patients treated with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA).</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Population-based, propensity-weighted, new user, active comparator design study including patients with diabetes and obesity initiating treatment with GLP-1 RA or the comparator group sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) in the region of Valencia from 2015 to 2021.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In adjusted, per protocol main analysis, no risk differences were found for acute pancreatitis (HR: 0.56; 95%CI: 0.17-1.91) nor for biliary disease (HR: 1.12; IC95%: 0.79, 1.58). Secondary analyses yielded similar results.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Despite we did not observe increased risk of gastrointestinal events in GLP-1 RA vs SGLT-2i patients, adherence to approved indications and close monitoring of potential adverse events are warranted to ensure patient safety.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12494,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta Sanitaria","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102444"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102440
Lucía Martín-Gisbert , Alberto Ruano Raviña , Marta García-Talavera , Cristina Candal-Pedreira , Guadalupe García , Leonor Varela Lema , Mónica Pérez Ríos , Julia Rey-Brandariz
Objective
To evaluate radon mitigation frequency and possible determinants for mitigation among employers in Spain, before the new regulation came into force. We also aimed to assess the reasons for not mitigating radon.
Method
In this cross-sectional study, participants were systematically identified from all employers in Spain who had previously measured occupational radon through the Galician Radon Laboratory from 2015 until 2022. Employers responsible for at least one workplace where radon levels exceeded 300 Bq/m3 were included. Participants were interviewed via phone call by a trained interviewer. The information was recorded using an ad hoc questionnaire created as a result of a review. We analyzed mitigation frequency according to working sector, company size and maximum radon levels found. Reasons for not mitigating were ranked according to frequency.
Results
We interviewed 32 employers (response rate 91%). Overall mitigation frequency was 53%. Mitigation frequency increased with the company size. For workplaces ≥1000 Bq/m3 mitigation frequency was 67%. Lack of perception of radon as a health risk was the main reason for not mitigating.
Conclusions
Enhancing radon mitigation frequency in the workplace is a major area of improvement. We are of the opinion that employers need guidance and availability of mitigation services to comply with the new regulatory requirements in Spain.
{"title":"Radon mitigation in the workplace in Spain: a cross-sectional interview-based study","authors":"Lucía Martín-Gisbert , Alberto Ruano Raviña , Marta García-Talavera , Cristina Candal-Pedreira , Guadalupe García , Leonor Varela Lema , Mónica Pérez Ríos , Julia Rey-Brandariz","doi":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102440","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102440","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To evaluate radon mitigation frequency and possible determinants for mitigation among employers in Spain, before the new regulation came into force. We also aimed to assess the reasons for not mitigating radon.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>In this cross-sectional study, participants were systematically identified from all employers in Spain who had previously measured occupational radon through the Galician Radon Laboratory from 2015 until 2022. Employers responsible for at least one workplace where radon levels exceeded 300 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> were included. Participants were interviewed via phone call by a trained interviewer. The information was recorded using an <em>ad hoc</em> questionnaire created as a result of a review. We analyzed mitigation frequency according to working sector, company size and maximum radon levels found. Reasons for not mitigating were ranked according to frequency.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We interviewed 32 employers (response rate 91%). Overall mitigation frequency was 53%. Mitigation frequency increased with the company size. For workplaces ≥1000 Bq/m<sup>3</sup> mitigation frequency was 67%. Lack of perception of radon as a health risk was the main reason for not mitigating.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Enhancing radon mitigation frequency in the workplace is a major area of improvement. We are of the opinion that employers need guidance and availability of mitigation services to comply with the new regulatory requirements in Spain.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12494,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta Sanitaria","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102440"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143018944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102459
Aránzazu Hernández-Yumar , Yadira González-Hernández , Tasmania del Pino-Sedeño , Cristina Valcárcel-Nazco , Aythami de Armas-Castellano , Estefanía Herrera-Ramos , Julián Portero Navarro , Montserrat Carmona-Rodríguez , María Ximena Rojas-Reyes , María M. Trujillo-Martín
Objective
To assess the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of genicular artery embolization (GAE) for the treatment of mild or moderate knee osteoarthritis (KO) refractory to standard treatment, and/or severe KO in individuals not eligible for surgery.
Method
We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis, supplemented by a cost-analysis, comparing GAE and standard treatment, from the perspective of the Spanish National Health System (NHS) over a one-year time horizon. The health improvement required for GAE to be deemed cost-effective was quantified, considering a willingness-to-pay threshold of 25 000 €/quality-adjusted life year (QALY).
Results
We included two randomized controlled trials in our analysis. Pain estimates showed inconsistent results, and no significant effects were observed for overall function, health-related quality of life, or changes in the need for pain management medication. No serious complications or major adverse events were observed. GRADE quality of evidence ranged from moderate to low. No economic evaluations were identified. Our cost-analysis revealed that GAE would result in an incremental cost of € 3432.37 per patient, requiring a health improvement of 0.137 QALY per patient to be deemed a cost-effective technology.
Conclusions
In summary, based on moderate to low-certainty evidence, it remains inconclusive whether there is any difference between GAE and standard treatment for KO. However, the use of GAE would increase the costs. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the effects of using GAE for chronic pain secondary to KO and, consequently, to ascertain whether this technology could potentially become cost-effective from the NHS perspective.
{"title":"Genicular artery embolization for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review with meta-analysis and cost-analysis","authors":"Aránzazu Hernández-Yumar , Yadira González-Hernández , Tasmania del Pino-Sedeño , Cristina Valcárcel-Nazco , Aythami de Armas-Castellano , Estefanía Herrera-Ramos , Julián Portero Navarro , Montserrat Carmona-Rodríguez , María Ximena Rojas-Reyes , María M. Trujillo-Martín","doi":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102459","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102459","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of genicular artery embolization (GAE) for the treatment of mild or moderate knee osteoarthritis (KO) refractory to standard treatment, and/or severe KO in individuals not eligible for surgery.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis, supplemented by a cost-analysis, comparing GAE and standard treatment, from the perspective of the Spanish National Health System (NHS) over a one-year time horizon. The health improvement required for GAE to be deemed cost-effective was quantified, considering a willingness-to-pay threshold of 25 000 €/quality-adjusted life year (QALY).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>We included two randomized controlled trials in our analysis. Pain estimates showed inconsistent results, and no significant effects were observed for overall function, health-related quality of life, or changes in the need for pain management medication. No serious complications or major adverse events were observed. GRADE quality of evidence ranged from moderate to low. No economic evaluations were identified. Our cost-analysis revealed that GAE would result in an incremental cost of € 3432.37 per patient, requiring a health improvement of 0.137 QALY per patient to be deemed a cost-effective technology.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In summary, based on moderate to low-certainty evidence, it remains inconclusive whether there is any difference between GAE and standard treatment for KO. However, the use of GAE would increase the costs. Larger randomized controlled trials are needed to determine the effects of using GAE for chronic pain secondary to KO and, consequently, to ascertain whether this technology could potentially become cost-effective from the NHS perspective.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12494,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta Sanitaria","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102459"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143420362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102450
Alberto Lana-Pérez, María Errea, Salvador Peiró, en representación del Comité editorial de Gaceta Sanitaria
{"title":"Gaceta Sanitaria en 2024. Nuevo equipo editorial, caída del factor de impacto con subida de cuartil, incremento en los costes de publicación y otras novedades","authors":"Alberto Lana-Pérez, María Errea, Salvador Peiró, en representación del Comité editorial de Gaceta Sanitaria","doi":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102450","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12494,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta Sanitaria","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102450"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102452
Esteban Sánchez-Moreno , Lorena P. Gallardo-Peralta , José Luis Gálvez-Nieto
Objective
To assess the psychometric properties of validity and reliability of the Kessler-10 Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) in a sample of Spanish older adults.
Method
An observational, analytical cross-sectional study was conducted for instrument validation between May and June 2022. The sample consisted of 887 individuals aged 65 and over. To assess the psychometric properties, reliability was evaluated using standardized Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients, while construct validity was examined through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Convergent validity was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients (using the 5-item Geriatric Depression Scale [GDS-5]). The unidimensional factor structure proposed in the original development of the scale was analyzed.
Results
Exploratory factor analysis yielded a one-factor structure explaining 67.48% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the unidimensional structure of the scale [weighted least squares mean and variance adjusted, WLSMV-χ2 (df = 35) = 125.083; comparative fit index, CFI = 0.951; Tucker-Lewis index, TLI = 0.938; root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA = 0.066 (confidence interval: 0.052–0.081)]. The correlation with GDS-5 scores supported the existence of convergent validity (r = 0.599; p < 0.001). Adequate reliability coefficients were obtained for the general factor (α = 0.944; ɷ = 0.945).
Conclusions
The K-10 scale showed adequate levels of validity and reliability in the sample. The results obtained suggest that it is a suitable instrument for assessing non-specific psychological distress in older adults. Its brevity and ease of administration make the scale particularly suitable for epidemiological research and/or screening.
{"title":"Validación psicométrica de la Escala de Malestar Psicológico Kessler 10 (K-10) en personas mayores en España","authors":"Esteban Sánchez-Moreno , Lorena P. Gallardo-Peralta , José Luis Gálvez-Nieto","doi":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2025.102452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>To assess the psychometric properties of validity and reliability of the Kessler-10 Psychological Distress Scale (K-10) in a sample of Spanish older adults.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>An observational, analytical cross-sectional study was conducted for instrument validation between May and June 2022. The sample consisted of 887 individuals aged 65 and over. To assess the psychometric properties, reliability was evaluated using standardized Cronbach's alpha and McDonald's omega coefficients, while construct validity was examined through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Convergent validity was assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficients (using the 5-item Geriatric Depression Scale [GDS-5]). The unidimensional factor structure proposed in the original development of the scale was analyzed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Exploratory factor analysis yielded a one-factor structure explaining 67.48% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the unidimensional structure of the scale [weighted least squares mean and variance adjusted, WLSMV-χ<sup>2</sup> (df<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->35)<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->125.083; comparative fit index, CFI<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.951; Tucker-Lewis index, TLI<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.938; root mean square error of approximation, RMSEA<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.066 (confidence interval: 0.052–0.081)]. The correlation with GDS-5 scores supported the existence of convergent validity (r<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.599; p <<!--> <!-->0.001). Adequate reliability coefficients were obtained for the general factor (α<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.944; ɷ<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.945).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The K-10 scale showed adequate levels of validity and reliability in the sample. The results obtained suggest that it is a suitable instrument for assessing non-specific psychological distress in older adults. Its brevity and ease of administration make the scale particularly suitable for epidemiological research and/or screening.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":12494,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta Sanitaria","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102452"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143429845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-01-01DOI: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102445
Luisa N. Borrell , Julia Díez , Sara Yago-González , Nerea Lanborena , Elena Rodríguez-Álvarez
<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We examined the association between immigration status and depression in a nationally representative sample of adults in Spain. In addition, we assessed whether this association differed by sex/gender and social support.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We used de-identified data from the European Health Interview Survey conducted in Spain in 2014 (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->21,226) and 2020 (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->20,136). Our study outcomes were self-reported diagnosis of depression and antidepressant use. We fitted Poisson regression models to quantify the association between immigration status and each outcome, before and after adjusting for age, sex/gender, marital status, educational level, employment status, smoking status, healthcare use, social support, and self-rated health. We obtained prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). We also tested interaction terms to evaluate whether the associations of interest differed by survey year and further by sex/gender and with social support.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2014 and 2020, we observed a lower prevalence of depression among immigrant adults than among native Spanish adults (adjusted PR<sub>2014</sub> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.53, 95%CI: 0.40- 0.70; PR<sub>2020</sub> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.71, 95%CI: 0.55-0.91). However, for antidepressant use, this association was significant only in 2014 (adjusted PR<sub>2014</sub> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.36, 95%CI: 0.24-0.55). Although the association of immigration status with antidepressant use differed with survey year, these associations did not change with sex/gender or social support.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings call attention to depression and mental health-related outcomes in Spain, regardless of immigration status, sex/gender or social support.</div></div><div><h3>Objetivo</h3><div>Examinamos la asociación entre el estado migratorio y la depresión en una muestra representativa de ámbito nacional de adultos en España. Además, evaluamos si esta asociación difiere según el sexo/género y el apoyo social.</div></div><div><h3>Método</h3><div>Utilizamos datos anonimizados de la Encuesta Europea de Salud realizada en España en 2014 (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->21.226) y en 2020 (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->20.136). Los resultados de nuestro estudio fueron el diagnóstico autoinformado de depresión y el uso de antidepresivos. Usamos modelos de regresión de Poisson para cuantificar la asociación entre el estado migratorio y cada resultado, antes y después de ajustar por edad, sexo/género, estado civil, nivel educativo, situación laboral, tabaquismo, uso de atención médica, apoyo social y salud autopercibida. Obtuvimos razones de prevalencia (RP) e intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). También examinamos términos de interacción para evaluar si las asociaciones de interés diferían según el año de la encuesta, y además según el sexo/género y el apoyo social.</div></div><div><h3>Resultados</h3
{"title":"Immigration status and depression in Spain: analysis of the European Health Interview Surveys of 2014 and 2020","authors":"Luisa N. Borrell , Julia Díez , Sara Yago-González , Nerea Lanborena , Elena Rodríguez-Álvarez","doi":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102445","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.gaceta.2024.102445","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>We examined the association between immigration status and depression in a nationally representative sample of adults in Spain. In addition, we assessed whether this association differed by sex/gender and social support.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>We used de-identified data from the European Health Interview Survey conducted in Spain in 2014 (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->21,226) and 2020 (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->20,136). Our study outcomes were self-reported diagnosis of depression and antidepressant use. We fitted Poisson regression models to quantify the association between immigration status and each outcome, before and after adjusting for age, sex/gender, marital status, educational level, employment status, smoking status, healthcare use, social support, and self-rated health. We obtained prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). We also tested interaction terms to evaluate whether the associations of interest differed by survey year and further by sex/gender and with social support.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>In 2014 and 2020, we observed a lower prevalence of depression among immigrant adults than among native Spanish adults (adjusted PR<sub>2014</sub> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.53, 95%CI: 0.40- 0.70; PR<sub>2020</sub> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.71, 95%CI: 0.55-0.91). However, for antidepressant use, this association was significant only in 2014 (adjusted PR<sub>2014</sub> <!-->=<!--> <!-->0.36, 95%CI: 0.24-0.55). Although the association of immigration status with antidepressant use differed with survey year, these associations did not change with sex/gender or social support.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Our findings call attention to depression and mental health-related outcomes in Spain, regardless of immigration status, sex/gender or social support.</div></div><div><h3>Objetivo</h3><div>Examinamos la asociación entre el estado migratorio y la depresión en una muestra representativa de ámbito nacional de adultos en España. Además, evaluamos si esta asociación difiere según el sexo/género y el apoyo social.</div></div><div><h3>Método</h3><div>Utilizamos datos anonimizados de la Encuesta Europea de Salud realizada en España en 2014 (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->21.226) y en 2020 (n<!--> <!-->=<!--> <!-->20.136). Los resultados de nuestro estudio fueron el diagnóstico autoinformado de depresión y el uso de antidepresivos. Usamos modelos de regresión de Poisson para cuantificar la asociación entre el estado migratorio y cada resultado, antes y después de ajustar por edad, sexo/género, estado civil, nivel educativo, situación laboral, tabaquismo, uso de atención médica, apoyo social y salud autopercibida. Obtuvimos razones de prevalencia (RP) e intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). También examinamos términos de interacción para evaluar si las asociaciones de interés diferían según el año de la encuesta, y además según el sexo/género y el apoyo social.</div></div><div><h3>Resultados</h3","PeriodicalId":12494,"journal":{"name":"Gaceta Sanitaria","volume":"39 ","pages":"Article 102445"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143076780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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