Analysis of incidents at AngloGold Ashanti’s (AGA’s) largest mine in Ghana was carried out to study accidents and injuries from underground mining activities, and to assess the effects of accidents on AGA’s production. Ground fall, machinery, electrocution and slip fall were the main causes of mine accidents. Results agree fairly well with those of other mines and production declined with increased lost-time injury frequency rate (LTIFR).
{"title":"Analysis of Underground Mining Accidents at AngloGold Ashanti Limited, Obuasi Mine","authors":"N. Amegbey, S. Ndur, Rk Adjei","doi":"10.4314/GM.V10I1.42805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GM.V10I1.42805","url":null,"abstract":"Analysis of incidents at AngloGold Ashanti’s (AGA’s) largest mine in Ghana was carried out to study accidents and injuries from underground mining activities, and to assess the effects of accidents on AGA’s production. Ground fall, machinery, electrocution and slip fall were the main causes of mine accidents. Results agree fairly well with those of other mines and production declined with increased lost-time injury frequency rate (LTIFR).","PeriodicalId":12530,"journal":{"name":"Ghana Mining Journal","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81419953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is an environmental phenomenon that is being experienced by some surface mining companies in Ghana. Consequently, there is the need to generate information and expand local expertise base in handling this phenomenon. This work explored the sustainable anaerobic wetland mitigation method for the management of this phenomenon. Results of water analysis showed that the pH at the acidic effluent discharge area is 4.4 but then it increased gradually to pH of 7.5 in the wetland. The study identified a sulphate reducing bacterium (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans) in the wetland, whose activity produced OH- ions that raised the pH of the acidic effluent resulting in the precipitation of heavy metals like iron, lead and nickel. Consequently, if the natural anaerobic remediation is engineered, the effluent from the AMD can be treated and discharged without causing any significant adverse impact to the geo-environment
{"title":"Management of Acid Mine Drainage within a Wetland in the Tarkwa Area","authors":"V. Frempong, E. Asiam, J. Kuma","doi":"10.4314/GM.V10I1.42810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GM.V10I1.42810","url":null,"abstract":"Acid Mine Drainage (AMD) is an environmental phenomenon that is being experienced by some surface mining companies in Ghana. Consequently, there is the need to generate information and expand local expertise base in handling this phenomenon. This work explored the sustainable anaerobic wetland mitigation method for the management of this phenomenon. Results of water analysis showed that the pH at the acidic effluent discharge area is 4.4 but then it increased gradually to pH of 7.5 in the wetland. The study identified a sulphate reducing bacterium (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans) in the wetland, whose activity produced OH- ions that raised the pH of the acidic effluent resulting in the precipitation of heavy metals like iron, lead and nickel. Consequently, if the natural anaerobic remediation is engineered, the effluent from the AMD can be treated and discharged without causing any significant adverse impact to the geo-environment","PeriodicalId":12530,"journal":{"name":"Ghana Mining Journal","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86524114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The lack of geological control and old underground development at AngloGold Ashanti (Bibiani mine) in Ghana was a major setback for the conventional methods of resource estimation to produce accurate estimates of the deposit. Consequently, inverse distance weighting of indicator variables were used. This estimation approach, however, overestimated the boundaries of the old underground workings (voids) into inappropriate areas of the resource model and thereby caused significant underestimation of ore tonnage and overestimation of grade. This paper highlights the study that re-evaluated the Bibiani deposit using indicator kriging. The results of re-evaluated reserves compared well with actual production figures in terms of tonnes, grade and stoping volume
{"title":"Estimation of Reminant Gold Resources of Old Underground Workings by Indicator Approach – A Case Study","authors":"S. Al-Hassan, L. Aboagye","doi":"10.4314/GM.V10I1.42806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GM.V10I1.42806","url":null,"abstract":"The lack of geological control and old underground development at AngloGold Ashanti (Bibiani mine) in Ghana was a major setback for the conventional methods of resource estimation to produce accurate estimates of the deposit. Consequently, inverse distance weighting of indicator variables were used. This estimation approach, however, overestimated the boundaries of the old underground workings (voids) into inappropriate areas of the resource model and thereby caused significant underestimation of ore tonnage and overestimation of grade. This paper highlights the study that re-evaluated the Bibiani deposit using indicator kriging. The results of re-evaluated reserves compared well with actual production figures in terms of tonnes, grade and stoping volume","PeriodicalId":12530,"journal":{"name":"Ghana Mining Journal","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79970407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is becoming increasingly clear that improved equipment availability is a key to optimising return on mine investment. Well-maintained equipment is safe and provides reliability to protect the operator as well as the equipment. Unplanned downtimes conflict with this maintenance function and result in costs to a mine in various causes. To minimise the occurrence of unplanned downtime, data should be recorded in logical and easily understood format which will enhance management decision making. This paper uses log dispersion plot to analyse downtimes of a fleet of 22 dump trucks from the Nchanga Open Pit, Zambia over a period of two months. Downtimes were categorised into breakdown codes to determine which ones were acute, chronic or a combination of both. The breakdown codes which were critical to the reduction of unplanned downtime and improvement of truck performance were prioritise.
{"title":"Analysis of Truck Downtimes Using Log Dispersion Plot","authors":"V. Temeng, P. Eshun","doi":"10.4314/GM.V10I1.42803","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GM.V10I1.42803","url":null,"abstract":"It is becoming increasingly clear that improved equipment availability is a key to optimising return on mine investment. Well-maintained equipment is safe and provides reliability to protect the operator as well as the equipment. Unplanned downtimes conflict with this maintenance function and result in costs to a mine in various causes. To minimise the occurrence of unplanned downtime, data should be recorded in logical and easily understood format which will enhance management decision making. This paper uses log dispersion plot to analyse downtimes of a fleet of 22 dump trucks from the Nchanga Open Pit, Zambia over a period of two months. Downtimes were categorised into breakdown codes to determine which ones were acute, chronic or a combination of both. The breakdown codes which were critical to the reduction of unplanned downtime and improvement of truck performance were prioritise.","PeriodicalId":12530,"journal":{"name":"Ghana Mining Journal","volume":"73 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82192900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent times, concerns about the falling standard of English among university students in Ghana have generated many studies, which have focused mainly on analysis of errors in the English of students, using test-based extracted data such as student examination scripts or students’ responses to questionnaires and interviews specially designed for the purpose. These studies have usually centred on undergraduate students but none has involved the students of University of Mines and Technology (UMaT). This paper studies the standard of English among undergraduates of UMaT, who are all students of mining and allied engineering programmes. Unlike previous studies, the data comprise 498 faulty sentences selected from comments written by the students on their lecturers’ teaching performance. This source of data is not test-based because the students write the comments anonymously, at their leisure and without knowing that the errors they commit could be used to assess their competence level in English. The comments therefore reflect the English that the students normally know. The faults detected in the comments are categorised into nine error types and the frequency of occurrence calculated for each category. Samples from each category are tabulated and analysed while assigning plausible reasons for the errors and suggesting corrections. The analysis shows that the most frequently occurring errors involve wrong register (wrong tone of language and vocabulary misuse) and wrong concord (subject-verb disagreement) while the least frequently occurring ones involve wrong punctuation and capitalisation as well as wrong adjective, adverb and pronoun usage. The findings indicate that the students have difficulties in expressing themselves in formal, written English owing to limited lexicon and inadequate knowledge in English grammar, usage and style. To reverse the situation, it is suggested that the Communication Skills course be extended beyond the current first year of undergraduate study and given more emphasi.
{"title":"Do Students of Mining and Allied Engineering Programmes have any Problems in English","authors":"P. B. Mireku-Gyimah","doi":"10.4314/GM.V10I1.42811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GM.V10I1.42811","url":null,"abstract":"In recent times, concerns about the falling standard of English among university students in Ghana have generated many studies, which have focused mainly on analysis of errors in the English of students, using test-based extracted data such as student examination scripts or students’ responses to questionnaires and interviews specially designed for the purpose. These studies have usually centred on undergraduate students but none has involved the students of University of Mines and Technology (UMaT). This paper studies the standard of English among undergraduates of UMaT, who are all students of mining and allied engineering programmes. Unlike previous studies, the data comprise 498 faulty sentences selected from comments written by the students on their lecturers’ teaching performance. This source of data is not test-based because the students write the comments anonymously, at their leisure and without knowing that the errors they commit could be used to assess their competence level in English. The comments therefore reflect the English that the students normally know. The faults detected in the comments are categorised into nine error types and the frequency of occurrence calculated for each category. Samples from each category are tabulated and analysed while assigning plausible reasons for the errors and suggesting corrections. The analysis shows that the most frequently occurring errors involve wrong register (wrong tone of language and vocabulary misuse) and wrong concord (subject-verb disagreement) while the least frequently occurring ones involve wrong punctuation and capitalisation as well as wrong adjective, adverb and pronoun usage. The findings indicate that the students have difficulties in expressing themselves in formal, written English owing to limited lexicon and inadequate knowledge in English grammar, usage and style. To reverse the situation, it is suggested that the Communication Skills course be extended beyond the current first year of undergraduate study and given more emphasi.","PeriodicalId":12530,"journal":{"name":"Ghana Mining Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87937609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Since mining activities require a lot of water and also increase population of host communities as a result of influx of workers, water resources in mining communities must be efficiently managed. This paper considered the various factors affecting water supply and its distribution in the Tarkwa area, a mining community, to find out the possible reasons for the inadequate water supply to Tarkwa. The maximum flood discharge for a reservoir constructed along the course of the River Bonsa was computed as 81.34 m3 /s using the rational method for the estimation of peak flood flow. The volume of containment of the reservoir was also calculated from hydrographic surveys data to be 25 456 m3. These results were analysed against the water demand vis-a-vis the current population growth. Also the condition of the equipment for pumping water both from the reservoir for treatment and after treatment to the storage tanks from where water is supplied to customers were considered together with the capacity of the treatment plant and the booster station at Bonsaso and Tamso respectively. It was concluded that the reservoir has enough water to meet the demand. However, the problem of inadequate supply was traced to non-regular power supply to both the treatment plant and booster station from where customers are served.
{"title":"Water Management and Supply in a Mining Community – A Case Study of Tarkwa and its Environs","authors":"C. Boye, A. Mensah","doi":"10.4314/gm.v10i1.42801","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/gm.v10i1.42801","url":null,"abstract":"Since mining activities require a lot of water and also increase population of host communities as a result of influx of workers, water resources in mining communities must be efficiently managed. This paper considered the various factors affecting water supply and its distribution in the Tarkwa area, a mining community, to find out the possible reasons for the inadequate water supply to Tarkwa. The maximum flood discharge for a reservoir constructed along the course of the River Bonsa was computed as 81.34 m3 /s using the rational method for the estimation of peak flood flow. The volume of containment of the reservoir was also calculated from hydrographic surveys data to be 25 456 m3. These results were analysed against the water demand vis-a-vis the current population growth. Also the condition of the equipment for pumping water both from the reservoir for treatment and after treatment to the storage tanks from where water is supplied to customers were considered together with the capacity of the treatment plant and the booster station at Bonsaso and Tamso respectively. It was concluded that the reservoir has enough water to meet the demand. However, the problem of inadequate supply was traced to non-regular power supply to both the treatment plant and booster station from where customers are served.","PeriodicalId":12530,"journal":{"name":"Ghana Mining Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75816120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To assess the impact of blasting activities on building structures in open pit mining districts in Ghana a study was carried out in Prestea, a township very close to the perimeter of the Plant North pit of the Bogoso Gold Ltd (now Golden Star Resources Bogoso/Prestea Mines), in the Western Region of Ghana. It was observed during the study that the quality of most 'residential building structures within the Prestea township and its environs were generally sub-standard. Most of the houses were in a deplorable state of disrepair with their conditions already triggering failure. Again, it was noted that no records were available to ascertain the structural state of the buildings prior to the commencement of blasting activities at the pit, necessitating the need to carry out a baseline study of buildings in nearby Himan townships for comparative analysis. It was also observed that even though management had selected 12 mm/s as its threshold for its operations in the pits only 6% of the over 542 blasts monitored over a two and half year period had ground vibration values in excess of 1.5 mm/s, with a maximum recorded value of 8 mm/s. It is recommended that management should not adopt ground vibration levels in excess of 2 mm/s for their pit operations because of the poor infrastructure within the surrounding communities. Even though this level can increase drilling and blasting costs considerably, it is considered a better option than expensive lawsuits in the likely event of any further damages that may be caused to building structures in the township.
为了评估爆破活动对加纳露天矿区建筑结构的影响，在加纳西部地区非常靠近Bogoso Gold Ltd(现为Golden Star Resources Bogoso/Prestea Mines)北厂矿坑周边的Prestea镇进行了一项研究。在研究过程中观察到，在Prestea镇及其周边地区，大多数住宅建筑结构的质量普遍低于标准。大多数房屋年久失修，状况堪忧。有人再次指出，没有记录可以确定在坑内开始爆破活动之前建筑物的结构状况，因此有必要对附近希曼镇的建筑物进行基线研究，以便进行比较分析。还观察到，尽管管理部门选择12毫米/秒作为其在坑中操作的阈值，但在两年半期间监测的542次爆炸中，只有6%的地面振动值超过1.5毫米/秒，最大记录值为8毫米/秒。由于周围社区的基础设施较差，建议管理层不应采用超过2毫米/秒的地面振动水平进行基坑作业。尽管这种水平会大大增加钻井和爆破成本，但在可能对城镇建筑结构造成进一步损害的情况下，这被认为是比昂贵的诉讼更好的选择。
{"title":"Establishing Ground Vibration Threshold Level for Open Pit Mining Environment - A Case Study","authors":"Sk Yomekpe-Agbeno, M. Affam","doi":"10.4314/GM.V10I1.42804","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GM.V10I1.42804","url":null,"abstract":"To assess the impact of blasting activities on building structures in open pit mining districts in Ghana a study was carried out in Prestea, a township very close to the perimeter of the Plant North pit of the Bogoso Gold Ltd (now Golden Star Resources Bogoso/Prestea Mines), in the Western Region of Ghana. It was observed during the study that the quality of most 'residential building structures within the Prestea township and its environs were generally sub-standard. Most of the houses were in a deplorable state of disrepair with their conditions already triggering failure. Again, it was noted that no records were available to ascertain the structural state of the buildings prior to the commencement of blasting activities at the pit, necessitating the need to carry out a baseline study of buildings in nearby Himan townships for comparative analysis. It was also observed that even though management had selected 12 mm/s as its threshold for its operations in the pits only 6% of the over 542 blasts monitored over a two and half year period had ground vibration values in excess of 1.5 mm/s, with a maximum recorded value of 8 mm/s. It is recommended that management should not adopt ground vibration levels in excess of 2 mm/s for their pit operations because of the poor infrastructure within the surrounding communities. Even though this level can increase drilling and blasting costs considerably, it is considered a better option than expensive lawsuits in the likely event of any further damages that may be caused to building structures in the township.","PeriodicalId":12530,"journal":{"name":"Ghana Mining Journal","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81107317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Occurrence of Acid Rock Drainae (ARD) affects both plants and animals that are present in a drainage system. In some base metal and coal mining environments, the presence of sulphide minerals especially pyrite and their exposure to oxygen and water may trigger Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). Evaluation of the potential for acid generation is therefore very important in any mine setting where sulphide minerals exist. Results of two Acid-Base Accounting (ABA) studies conducted at Abosso Goldfields Limited (AGL) on 120 rock and tailings samples reveal that on average, total sulphide values in rocks are low, with 83 % less than 0.20 %. More than 95 % show Neutralisation Potential Ratio (NPR) of 2 and above, indicating the presence of excess neutralising capacity in the rocks and tailings to prevent acid generation. Also, more than 93 % of the samples possess long-term acid neutralisation because their Neutralisation Potentials (NP) are more than 10 and their total sulphide are less than 0.1 %. Average up- and down- stream measurements of pH were respectively 6.55 and 6.74 while for TSS (Total Suspended Solids), the values were respectively 14.9 mg/l and 7.2 mg/l, indicating improved water quality after passing through the mine. Although these figures show very high NP's, the presence of less than 7% samples with the potential to generate acidity necessitates that AMD monitoring should continue, especially in meta-sedimentary and siltstones to ensure acid generation does not arise during mining. Ghana Mining Journal Vol. 9 2007: pp. 8-16
酸性岩石排水(ARD)的发生对排水系统中的植物和动物都有影响。在一些贱金属和煤矿开采环境中，硫化物矿物特别是黄铁矿的存在以及它们与氧气和水的接触可能引发酸性矿井排水(AMD)。因此，在任何有硫化物矿物存在的矿山环境中，评价产酸潜力是非常重要的。在Abosso Goldfields Limited (AGL)对120个岩石和尾矿样本进行的两次酸碱会计(ABA)研究结果显示，岩石中的总硫化物值平均较低，83%小于0.20%。95%以上矿体的中和电位比(NPR)大于等于2，说明矿体和尾矿中存在过量的中和能力以防止酸的产生。此外，超过93%的样品具有长期酸中和作用，因为它们的中和电位(NP)大于10，它们的总硫化物低于0.1%。上游和下游的平均pH值分别为6.55和6.74,TSS值分别为14.9 mg/l和7.2 mg/l，表明通过矿山后水质有所改善。尽管这些数据显示出非常高的NP值，但只有不到7%的样品具有产生酸性的潜力，因此需要继续进行AMD监测，特别是在变质沉积岩和粉砂岩中，以确保在采矿过程中不会产生酸性。加纳矿业杂志Vol. 9 2007: pp. 8-16
{"title":"Evaluating the Acid Mine Drainage Potential at Abosso Goldfields Limited (AGL), Ghana","authors":"J. Kuma, D. Asamoah","doi":"10.4314/GM.V9I1.42604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GM.V9I1.42604","url":null,"abstract":"Occurrence of Acid Rock Drainae (ARD) affects both plants and animals that are present in a drainage system. In some base metal and coal mining environments, the presence of sulphide minerals especially pyrite and their exposure to oxygen and water may trigger Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). Evaluation of the potential for acid generation is therefore very important in any mine setting where sulphide minerals exist. Results of two Acid-Base Accounting (ABA) studies conducted at Abosso Goldfields Limited (AGL) on 120 rock and tailings samples reveal that on average, total sulphide values in rocks are low, with 83 % less than 0.20 %. More than 95 % show Neutralisation Potential Ratio (NPR) of 2 and above, indicating the presence of excess neutralising capacity in the rocks and tailings to prevent acid generation. Also, more than 93 % of the samples possess long-term acid neutralisation because their Neutralisation Potentials (NP) are more than 10 and their total sulphide are less than 0.1 %. Average up- and down- stream measurements of pH were respectively 6.55 and 6.74 while for TSS (Total Suspended Solids), the values were respectively 14.9 mg/l and 7.2 mg/l, indicating improved water quality after passing through the mine. Although these figures show very high NP's, the presence of less than 7% samples with the potential to generate acidity necessitates that AMD monitoring should continue, especially in meta-sedimentary and siltstones to ensure acid generation does not arise during mining. Ghana Mining Journal Vol. 9 2007: pp. 8-16","PeriodicalId":12530,"journal":{"name":"Ghana Mining Journal","volume":"158 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91296839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
When the final feasibility report on a new mine indicates that it is feasible under the prevailing technological and economic conditions to develop the project into an open pit mine, mine managers are often faced with the problem of determining the capacities, fleet sizes and how to match the materials handling equipment to ensure maximum production and profitability of the mine. One option is to use the results from other operating mines in similar geographic, geological and economic environments. Of late, most mine managements are increasingly depending on the results of computer simulations of their operations to determine the capacities, fleet sizes, for equipment matching. This paper uses the Visual SLAM with AweSim simulation software to determine the optimum fleet sizes of Kantaayele Goldfields Ltd., a gold mine in Ghana, which will enable the mine to meet its waste stripping and ore production targets. The use of simulation techniques as a tool in the modeling, formulation and testing of several models in the ore and waste mining operations of the mine are demonstrated. The results obtained from the simulation runs show that the mine cannot achieve its targets in ore mining and waste stripping with its initial fleets operating over 7.5-hour shifts per day. Using waiting times and queue lengths at the shovel and crusher locations as the determinants, the optimum fleet size for ore mining was found to be Option E with six 80-tonne trucks operating over 1350 minutes. For the waste stripping operations, the optimum fleet size was determined to be fourteen 80-tonne trucks. Ghana Mining Journal Vol. 9 2007: pp. 25-32
当一个新矿山的最终可行性报告表明，在现有的技术经济条件下，该项目可以发展为露天矿山时，矿山管理者往往面临着如何确定产能、车队规模以及如何匹配物料搬运设备，以确保矿山的最大产量和盈利能力的问题。一种选择是使用在类似地理、地质和经济环境下的其他正在作业的矿山的结果。最近，大多数矿山管理越来越依赖其作业的计算机模拟结果，以确定设备匹配的能力、机队规模。本文使用Visual SLAM与AweSim仿真软件来确定加纳金矿KantaayeleGoldfields Ltd.的最佳车队规模，这将使该矿能够满足其废物剥离和矿石生产目标。演示了在矿山矿石和废料开采作业中使用仿真技术作为建模、制定和测试几个模型的工具。模拟运行结果表明，该矿初始机队每天轮班时间超过7.5小时，无法实现其采矿和废物剥离目标。将铲子和破碎机位置的等待时间和排队长度作为决定因素，发现采矿的最佳车队规模为选项E, 6辆80吨卡车运行时间超过1350分钟。就废物剥离作业而言，最佳车队规模为14辆80吨重的卡车。加纳矿业杂志Vol. 9 2007: pp. 25-32
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Indigenous mining of gold in Ghana dates as far back as the 4th century. Large scale mining began in Ghana around 1500. Over the years, gold has been Ghana's major foreign exchange earner. However, the gold mining industry has gone through periods of gold booms and declines. Several measures were taken to make the gold mining sector attract foreign investment with little success until 1986 when the Minerals and Mining Law was promulgated. This paper attempts to analyse the factors that have affected the trends in gold mining in Ghana over the years and to suggest useful guidelines in mineral policy formulation to attract more foreign investment to enhance gold mining in Ghana. The results of the analysis show that the creation of a conducive investment climate by the promulgation of the Minerals and Mining Law (PNDC Law 153), the adoption of a new investment code, the long period of political stability since 1981 and the reforms and restructuring of the mining sector in Ghana resulted in increased gold production, greater private sector ownership and management, enhanced environmental awareness and community relations. In-house mining has given way to contract mining as most companies in Ghana have contracted out their mining operations to mining and service contractors. Ghana Mining Journal Vol. 9 2007: pp. 38-49
加纳土著开采黄金的历史可以追溯到4世纪。1500年左右，加纳开始大规模采矿业。多年来，黄金一直是加纳主要的外汇收入来源。然而，黄金采矿业经历了黄金繁荣和衰落的时期。采取了若干措施使金矿部门吸引外国投资，但收效甚微，直到1986年颁布了《矿物和采矿法》。本文试图分析多年来影响加纳金矿开采趋势的因素，并在矿产政策制定方面提出有用的指导方针，以吸引更多的外国投资，加强加纳的金矿开采。分析结果表明，通过颁布《矿物和采矿法》(PNDC第153号法)、通过新的投资法、1981年以来长期的政治稳定以及加纳矿业部门的改革和改组创造了有利的投资环境，导致黄金产量增加、私营部门所有权和管理权增加、环境意识增强和社区关系改善。内部采矿已让位于合同采矿，因为加纳的大多数公司已将其采矿业务外包给采矿和服务承包商。加纳矿业杂志Vol. 9 2007: pp. 38-49
{"title":"Analysis of the Trends of Gold Mining in Ghana","authors":"A. B. Gbireh, A. Cobblah, R. Suglo","doi":"10.4314/GM.V9I1.42608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/GM.V9I1.42608","url":null,"abstract":"Indigenous mining of gold in Ghana dates as far back as the 4th century. Large scale mining began in Ghana around 1500. Over the years, gold has been Ghana's major foreign exchange earner. However, the gold mining industry has gone through periods of gold booms and declines. Several measures were taken to make the gold mining sector attract foreign investment with little success until 1986 when the Minerals and Mining Law was promulgated. This paper attempts to analyse the factors that have affected the trends in gold mining in Ghana over the years and to suggest useful guidelines in mineral policy formulation to attract more foreign investment to enhance gold mining in Ghana.\u0000The results of the analysis show that the creation of a conducive investment climate by the promulgation of the Minerals and Mining Law (PNDC Law 153), the adoption of a new investment code, the long period of political stability since 1981 and the reforms and restructuring of the mining sector in Ghana resulted in increased gold production, greater private sector ownership and management, enhanced environmental awareness and\u0000community relations. In-house mining has given way to contract mining as most companies in Ghana have contracted out their mining operations to mining and service contractors. Ghana Mining Journal Vol. 9 2007: pp. 38-49","PeriodicalId":12530,"journal":{"name":"Ghana Mining Journal","volume":"14 1","pages":"38-49"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72684935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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