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Hydrogeological Properties of the Rocks in Adansi Mining Area, Ghana 加纳Adansi矿区岩石水文地质性质
Pub Date : 2016-12-19 DOI: 10.4314/GM.V16I1.4
A. Asante-annor, A. Ewusi
Groundwater is an important resource in the Adansi mining area as some communities in the area are not connected to the Ghana national water network. These communities therefore utilise groundwater for potable water supply. The hydrogeological properties of an aquifer coupled with climatic conditions and geomorphology determines how much groundwater exists in that location. A hydrogeological study of the rocks in the Adansi area was carried out to obtain the aquifer hydraulic properties. Drilling and pumping test analysis information were used to assess these properties. The average borehole depth in the area was 44.3 m whilst the average static water level is 10.75 m. There is a general decrease in yield with an increase in borehole total depth. There is also no strong correlation between aquifer saturated thickness, yield and drawdown. Transmissivity of the aquifer decreases from the phyllite, argillitc sediments, granites to sandstone. Three hydrogeological regimes (> 0.9 m/day, 0.9 – 0.09 m/day and < 0.09 m/day) were also realised based on the hydraulic conductivity. The spatial distribution of the hydraulic properties suggests the influence of geological structures on the occurrence of groundwater in the area. Keywords : Hydrogeological Properties, Mining, Hydraulic, Drilling, Groundwater
地下水是Adansi矿区的重要资源,因为该地区的一些社区没有连接到加纳国家水网。因此,这些社区利用地下水作为饮用水供应。含水层的水文地质特性与气候条件和地貌相结合,决定了该地点存在多少地下水。对阿丹寺地区的岩石进行了水文地质研究,获得了含水层的水力特性。钻井和泵送测试分析信息用于评估这些属性。该区平均钻孔深度为44.3 m,平均静水位为10.75 m。随着井眼总深度的增加,产量普遍下降。含水层饱和厚度、含水率和含水率之间也没有很强的相关性。含水层透过率由千层岩、泥质沉积、花岗岩到砂岩依次递减。基于水力导率,还实现了三种水文地质状态(> 0.9 m/day, 0.9 - 0.09 m/day和< 0.09 m/day)。水力学性质的空间分布反映了地质构造对区内地下水赋存的影响。关键词:水文地质性质,采矿,水力,钻井,地下水
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引用次数: 1
Information Management of Health and Safety at the Tarkwa Mine of Goldfields Ghana Limited 加纳金矿有限公司Tarkwa矿的健康和安全信息管理
Pub Date : 2016-12-19 DOI: 10.4314/GM.V16I1.13
Y. Ofori, Gloria Pomfowaa
The Tarkwa Mine (TM) of Goldfields Ghana Limited (GGL) undertakes open pit mining operations with gold recovery by heap leach technology. As a mine, it is susceptible to health and safety risks in its operations. In spite of health and safety policy and regulations put in place at the TM, there have been reported cases of some job-related injuries, accidents and diseases among the employees. Could it be that the employees are not aware of the health and safety policy and regulations? To answer this question, this paper sought to examine the level of employees’ awareness of the health and safety policy and regulations, the suitability of the medium of information provision and the quality of information given to the employees on health and safety. The level of awareness of, and the suitability of the medium of information provision on, health and safety policy and regulations were assessed by analysing employees’ responses obtained from questionnaire administration while the quality of information was assessed using the content of information from internal newsletters, brochures, notices and sign boards. It was found that majority of the employees are very much aware of the health and safety policy and regulations because of good mode and medium of information provision. Various ways of improving information provision at the TM of GGL to reduce health and safety risks have been provided. Keywords : Information Provision, Awareness, Risk, Health and Safety Management
加纳金矿有限公司(GGL)的Tarkwa矿(TM)采用堆浸技术进行露天采矿作业。作为一个矿井,它在作业中容易受到健康和安全风险的影响。尽管在TM制定了健康和安全政策和条例,但据报告,在雇员中发生了一些与工作有关的伤害、事故和疾病。会不会是员工不了解健康安全政策法规?为了回答这个问题,本文试图审查员工对健康和安全政策和法规的认识水平,提供信息的媒介的适用性以及向员工提供的健康和安全信息的质量。通过分析从问卷管理中获得的雇员答复,评估了对健康和安全政策和法规的认识程度及其提供信息的媒介的适宜性,同时利用内部通讯、小册子、通知和告示牌的信息内容评估了信息的质量。调查发现,由于良好的信息提供方式和媒介,大多数员工都非常了解健康和安全政策法规。提供了改善GGL TM信息提供的各种方法,以减少健康和安全风险。关键词:信息提供,意识,风险,健康安全管理
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引用次数: 0
Groundwater Vulnerability Assessment using Drastic Index and GIS in Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly, Ghana. 基于Drastic指数和GIS的加纳库马西市地下水脆弱性评价。
Pub Date : 2016-12-19 DOI: 10.4314/GM.V16I1.3
A. Ewusi, A. Asante-annor, J. Seidu, L. O. Fosu-Gyeabour
The assessment of groundwater vulnerability to contamination has become an important element for landuse planning and groundwater resource management. This study aims at estimating groundwater vulnerability using an integration of Geographic Information System (GIS) and DRASTIC method in the Kumasi Metropolitan Assembly (KMA). The groundwater vulnerability map was prepared using index and overlay analysis with the aid of Arc GIS 10. The DRASTIC Index (DI) computed ranged between 70 and 164 as the lowest and highest contamination potential respectively. The eastern and western flanks and north-west tip of KMA are underlain by the granites which bear water due to the combined effect of weathering and fracturing and are dominated by "Very High", "High" and "Moderate" vulnerability based on the vulnerability index computed. The "Low" and "Very Low" vulnerability are located at the northern, central and southern parts of KMA which are underlain by phyllites. These suggest that boreholes located in the Birimian metasedimentary units which comprise mainly phyllites would be less likely to be vulnerable to contamination than those located in the intrusive rocks dominated by the granites. Keywords : Groundwater Vulnerability, Soil Media, Hydraulic Conductivity, Overlay Analysis
地下水污染脆弱性评价已成为土地利用规划和地下水资源管理的重要内容。本研究旨在利用地理信息系统(GIS)和DRASTIC方法在库马西市议会(KMA)进行地下水脆弱性评估。在arcgis 10的辅助下,采用指数法和叠加分析法编制了地下水脆弱性图。计算的DRASTIC指数(DI)范围分别在70和164之间,分别是最低和最高的污染潜力。KMA东、西两翼和西北端下部为受风化和破裂双重作用的含水花岗岩,脆弱性指数以“极高”、“高”和“中等”脆弱性为主。“低”和“极低”易损性分布在KMA的北部、中部和南部,下部为千层岩。这些结果表明,位于以千层岩为主的Birimian变质沉积单元中的钻孔比位于以花岗岩为主的侵入岩中的钻孔更不容易受到污染。关键词:地下水易损性,土壤介质,导电性,覆盖分析
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引用次数: 6
Control of Ore Loss and Dilution at AngloGold Ashanti, Iduapriem Mine using Blast Movement Monitoring System 用爆破运动监测系统控制盎格鲁阿散蒂、伊杜阿普利姆矿矿石损失贫化
Pub Date : 2016-12-19 DOI: 10.4314/GM.V16I1.6
P. Eshun, Kwame Akorli Dzigbordi
Blast Movement Monitoring (BMM) system is a new method of determining material movement during blasting in order to minimise ore loss, dilution and sometimes misclassification. The BMM system was introduced at AngloGold Ashanti Iduapriem (AAIL) Mine in the first quarter of 2013 as a result of reconciliation challenges at the start of operation at the Ajopa Pit in the first quarter of 2012. Since the introduction, there has been improvement in reconciliation, but the cost implication became worth assessing because of dwindling gold price. The main objective of this paper, therefore, is to assess the benefits or otherwise of BMM system on blast induced movement at Iduapriem Mine. The study comprises data collection on BMM system at AAIL and its analysis, as well as cost and benefit analysis. From the BMM data analysis, it was observed that, the bottom flitch of the blasted material moved more than the top flitch in the horizontal direction while the reverse was the case for the vertical movement. The cost-benefit analysis from four shots analysed revealed that there was a benefit of $753 835 which translates into 650% return on investment. Thus, the use of the BMM system has positive financial impact on Iduapriem Mine. Continuous use of the system as a grade control practice has, therefore, been recommended for the Mine, especially with shots containing ore. Furthermore, a dedicated team for this task has been recommended to enhance efficiency. Finally, high precision GPS has been suggested to be added to the detector instrument to make surveying of pre-blast and post-blast BMM points easier and faster. Keywords : Blast Movement Monitoring System, Ore Loss, Dilution, Misclassification, Reconciliation
爆破运动监测(BMM)系统是一种确定爆破过程中物料运动的新方法,以尽量减少矿石的损失、稀释和有时的误分类。2013年第一季度,AngloGold Ashanti Iduapriem (AAIL)矿山在2012年第一季度开始在Ajopa矿坑作业时遇到了协调问题,因此引入了BMM系统。自实行以来,对账已有所改善,但由于黄金价格不断下跌,所涉成本问题值得评估。因此,本文的主要目的是评估BMM系统对伊杜阿普利姆矿爆炸诱发移动的效益或其他方面。本研究包括对AAIL BMM系统的数据收集和分析,以及成本和效益分析。从BMM数据分析中可以看出,在水平方向上,爆破材料的底部翻动量大于顶部翻动量,而在垂直方向上则相反。从四个镜头的成本效益分析显示,有$753 835的效益,转化为650%的投资回报率。因此,BMM系统的使用对伊杜阿普利姆矿山产生了积极的财务影响。因此,建议继续使用该系统作为该矿的品位控制方法,特别是对于含有矿石的矿体。此外,建议为这项任务设立一个专门的小组,以提高效率。最后,建议在探测仪器中增加高精度GPS,使爆破前和爆破后BMM点的测量更加方便和快捷。关键词:爆破运动监测系统,矿石损失,贫化,误分级,和解
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引用次数: 13
Recycling Waste Electrical Socket as a Carbon Resource in Ironmaking 废旧插座作为炼铁碳资源的回收利用
Pub Date : 2016-12-19 DOI: 10.4314/GM.V16I1.9
J. R. Dankwah, J. Gordon, P. Koshy
Globally, millions of waste electrical sockets (WES) are generated annually. This category of waste material is difficult to recycle because they are thermosetting polymers which cannot be remoulded after setting. In this work, the reduction of medium grade Agbaja iron ore from Nigeria, by carbonaceous materials generated from WES was investigated through experiments conducted in a domestic microwave oven. Composite pellets of medium grade Agbaja iron ore (assaying ~74 % Fe 2 O 3 ) with WES were irradiated in a domestic microwave oven (Pioneer, Model PM-25 L, 2450 MHz and 1000 W). The reduced mass was characterised by XRD and SEM/EDS analyses and the extent of reduction after 40 min was determined. SEM/EDS analysis revealed a highly reduced mass with distinct peaks of elemental iron and this was corroborated by XRD analyses that confirmed the formation of metallic iron. The extent of reduction obtained after using WES as reductant was over 80%. Accordingly, carbonaceous materials generated from waste electrical sockets are effective reductants for producing metallic iron from the Agbaja iron ore. Keywords : Waste Electrical Sockets, Thermosetting Polymer, Agbaja Iron Ore; Municipal Solid Waste
全球每年产生数百万个废弃电源插座(WES)。这类废物很难回收,因为它们是热固性聚合物,凝固后不能重塑。在这项工作中,通过在家用微波炉中进行的实验,研究了用WES产生的碳质材料还原尼日利亚中等品位的Agbaja铁矿石。将中等品位Agbaja铁矿石(含~ 74% fe2o3)的复合球团在家用微波炉(Pioneer,型号PM-25 L, 2450 MHz, 1000 W)中进行WES辐照,用XRD和SEM/EDS对其还原质量进行了表征,并测定了40 min后的还原程度。SEM/EDS分析显示了铁元素的高度还原峰,XRD分析证实了金属铁的形成。用WES作还原剂后,还原程度达80%以上。因此,废电插座产生的碳质材料是Agbaja铁矿石生产金属铁的有效还原剂。关键词:废电插座,热固性聚合物,Agbaja铁矿石;都市固体废物
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引用次数: 2
Particulate Matter and Noise Impact Studies of Waste Rock Dump 废石堆的微粒物质及噪音影响研究
Pub Date : 2016-07-08 DOI: 10.4314/GM.V16I1.7
K. J. Bansah
Adansi Gold Company Limited identified an economically viable gold deposit at Nkran in the Amansie West District of Ghana. Mining of this deposit requires the disposal of waste rock materials at a proposed waste rock dump near Nkran and Koninase communities. Since particulates and noise emissions from the operational activities at the dump are inevitable, it becomes necessary to conduct particulates and noise impact studies. The potential impact of particulates and noise from the proposed Nkran waste rock dump on the Koninase and Nkran communities were studied. Baseline TSP, PM10 and noise data were collected over a period of 14 days at the various monitoring locations in the communities. Since the period was characterised by dry weather conditions, TSP (mainly road-induced) were generally higher than permissible levels. PM10 and noise levels compared well with acceptable limits. Results of air quality modelling suggest that occupiers of building structures at Koninase and Nkran may not be affected by particulate emission from the waste dump. However, sound pressure level modelling indicates that the waste rock dump has a potential to alter background noise levels at Koninase and Nkran. Thus, conducting site-specific induction to raise awareness, use of noise bund or green buffers (vegetation) among other recommended strategies would control ambient noise levels. Keywords : Particulates, Noise, Air Pollution, Mining, Waste dump
Adansi黄金有限公司在加纳Amansie西区的Nkran发现了一个经济上可行的金矿。该矿床的开采需要在Nkran和Koninase社区附近的拟议废石堆中处置废石材料。由于垃圾场的作业活动不可避免地会排放微粒和噪音,因此有必要进行微粒和噪音影响研究。研究了拟建的Nkran废石堆的颗粒和噪声对Koninase和Nkran社区的潜在影响。在14天的时间里,在社区的各个监测点收集了基准TSP、PM10和噪音数据。由于这段时间的特点是天气干燥,总悬浮粒子(主要是由道路引起的)普遍高于允许水平。可吸入颗粒物(PM10)和噪音水平在可接受范围内。空气质素模拟的结果显示,在科宁酶和Nkran的建筑物使用者可能不会受到废物堆排放的微粒的影响。然而,声压级模拟表明,废石堆有可能改变Koninase和Nkran的背景噪音水平。因此,在其他建议的策略中,进行特定地点的引导以提高意识,使用噪音屏障或绿色缓冲(植被)将控制环境噪音水平。关键词:颗粒物;噪声;空气污染
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引用次数: 0
Comparison of Ordinary Kriging and Multiple Indicator Kriging Estimates of Asuadai Deposit at Adansi Gold Ghana Limited 加纳Adansi Gold有限公司Asuadai矿床普通克里格估算与多指标克里格估算比较
Pub Date : 2015-12-17 DOI: 10.4314/GM.V15I2
S. Al-Hassan, E. Boamah
Adansi Gold Ghana Ltd has taken over from the then Resolute Amansie Ltd and has three main historical deposits: Nkran, Adubia, Abore, and a new deposit, Asuadai. The company now wants to evaluate the resources at Asuadai which is about 7.5 km from Nkran deposit where Ordinary Kriging (OK) method had been used for estimation. Results of the estimation showed a consistent underestimation of tonnage and grade. Linear estimation models such as OK often produce good estimates but may encounter problems estimating recoverable reserves in cases where the distribution of samples is highly skewed. Multiple Indicator Kriging (MIK) is one of the popular non-linear methods that can handle skewed distribution such as that for gold grades, and addresses some of the deficiencies of the linear methods. This paper compares the estimation results obtained by using MIK and OK for the Asuadai deposit and establishes that MIK presents a better estimate than the OK, and recommends that MIK be used to estimate the gold resources of the Asuadai deposit and other deposits with similar geological settings. Keywords: Indicator Kriging, Ordinary Kriging, Variography, Gold, Outlier
Adansi Gold Ghana Ltd从当时的Resolute Amansie Ltd接管,拥有三个主要的历史矿床:Nkran、Adubia、Abore和一个新矿床Asuadai。该公司现在希望对Asuadai的资源进行评估,该资源距离Nkran矿床约7.5公里,该矿床使用了普通克里格(OK)方法进行估计。估算结果表明,对吨位和品位的低估是一致的。线性估计模型(如OK)通常会产生很好的估计,但在样本分布高度偏斜的情况下,估计可采储量可能会遇到问题。多指标克里金法(MIK)是一种比较流行的非线性方法,可以处理黄金品位等偏态分布,解决了线性方法的一些不足。对比了苏华岱金矿的MIK和OK估算结果,认为MIK的估算结果优于OK,建议将MIK应用于苏华岱金矿及类似地质背景的其他矿床的黄金资源估算。关键词:指标克里格,普通克里格,变异,金,离群值
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引用次数: 1
Quality of Sachet Water Produced at Tarkwa, Ghana 加纳Tarkwa生产的小袋水的质量
Pub Date : 2015-06-16 DOI: 10.4314/GM.V15I1
S. Ndur, J. Kuma, W. Buah, J. Galley
Cholera outbreak in some cities and towns in Ghana in early 2011 necessitated a sachet water quality study in Tarkwa to determine their wholesomeness. The study was conducted in four phases in August 2011, December 2011, August 2012 and December, 2013. Most of the physico-chemical parameters analysed were within the recommended WHO limits except for pH, Pb and Ni in the main. About 50% of the samples had their pH below the lower limit of 6.5 and 8% had Pb concentrations above the recommended limit of 0.01 mg/L. Protozoan organisms such as Cyclospora cayetanensis (5%), Cryptosporidium parvum (4%), Ascaris lumbricoides eggs (10%), and Stronglyoides Stercoralis larvae (4%) were identified in some of the water samples. Helminth eggs (6.7%), Protista (13.4%) and 6.7% unidentified insect larvae were also found in the samples. Faecal and total coliforms were found in 40% of the samples analysed. The presence of protozoan organisms and faecal coliforms in some of the sachet water render them unsafe for drinking.
2011年初,加纳一些城镇爆发霍乱,因此有必要在塔克瓦进行小袋水质量研究,以确定其健康状况。研究分2011年8月、2011年12月、2012年8月和2013年12月四个阶段进行。除pH、Pb、Ni等主要指标外,大部分理化指标均在WHO推荐限值范围内。约50%的样品pH值低于6.5的下限,8%的样品铅浓度高于0.01 mg/L的建议限值。部分水样中检出卡耶坦环孢子虫(5%)、细小隐孢子虫(4%)、类蚓蛔虫卵(10%)和类粪强线虫幼虫(4%)等原生动物。虫卵(6.7%)、原生虫(13.4%)和不明昆虫幼虫6.7%。在40%的分析样本中发现了粪便和总大肠菌。有些小袋水中存在原生动物和粪便大肠菌群,因此不适于饮用。
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引用次数: 9
Understanding Lateritic Ore Agglomeration Behaviour as a Precursor to Enhanced Heap Leaching 了解红土矿石团聚行为是强化堆浸的前兆
Pub Date : 2013-07-08 DOI: 10.4314/GM.V14I0
J. Addai-Mensah, I. Quaicoe, A. Nosrati, D. Robinson
Although nickel (Ni) laterite ores constitute the majority of Ni mineralization resource world-wide, in contrast to Ni sulphides, their processing via conventional beneficiation (e.g. multi-gravity and flotation) and hydrometallurgical routes is intractable as they are predominantly low grade and complex, both mineralogically and chemically. Due to their physico-chemical character-istics, low grade lateritic ores require more aggressive but costly chemical and hydrometallurgical techniques (e.g., leaching in high pressurized tanks) for value metal (Ni and Co) extraction. Processing such ores through cost-competitive heap (4-10 m high) leaching as an alternative, requires successful agglomeration of the feed into robust and porous granules. To date, produc-ing of granules with desirable attributes poses a major geotechnical challenge to industry. In the present work, we investigate agglomeration behaviour of siliceous goethite Ni laterite ore and selected oxides and clay minerals (hematite, quartz and kao-linite) which constitute the predominant host gangue phases of typical low grade Ni laterite ores. Fundamental knowledge and understanding of the agglomeration mechanisms and kinetics which are essential for producing robust real ore granules, and pivotal to the subsequent heap leaching process, are gleaned. Isothermal, batch agglomeration tests involving 30 and 44 % w/w sulphuric acid solution as a binder indicated that 5 – 40 mm granules of differing roughness and morphologies were produced in 8-14 min. The results showed feed characteristics (e.g., mineralogy and particle size distribution) and binder content (15-25 wt.%) dependent agglomeration behaviour. Slow agglomerate nucleation and growth were displayed by the kaolinite clay min-eral whilst the oxides exhibited faster agglomeration kinetics. Siliceous goethite feed ore fine/coarse ratio, H 2 SO 4 binder dosage and acid content, product drying temperature and aging conditions, all showed significant impact on agglomeration mecha-nisms (e.g., particle wetting, nucleation and growth processes) and granule attributes (e.g., size and strength). Agglomerates strength increased with increasing fine/coarse particle ratio.
虽然镍(Ni)红土矿占世界范围内镍矿化资源的大部分,但与镍硫化物相比,通过常规选矿(如多重和浮选)和湿法冶金路线处理它们是棘手的,因为它们在矿物学和化学上都主要是低品位和复杂的。由于其物理化学特性,低品位红土矿石需要更积极但昂贵的化学和湿法冶金技术(例如,在高压罐中浸出)来提取贵重金属(Ni和Co)。通过具有成本竞争力的堆(4-10米高)浸出作为替代方法来处理这些矿石,需要成功地将饲料团聚成坚固而多孔的颗粒。迄今为止,生产具有理想属性的颗粒对工业构成了重大的岩土技术挑战。在目前的工作中,我们研究了硅质针铁矿镍红土矿石和选定的氧化物和粘土矿物(赤铁矿、石英和高岭石)的团聚行为,这些氧化物和粘土矿物构成了典型低品位镍红土矿石的主要矿岩相。基本的知识和理解的团聚机制和动力学,这是必不可少的生产稳健的真正的矿石颗粒,关键是随后的堆浸过程,被收集。等温,批量团聚试验涉及30%和44% w/w的硫酸溶液作为粘合剂,表明在8-14分钟内产生了5- 40毫米不同粗糙度和形态的颗粒。结果显示了饲料特性(例如,矿物学和粒度分布)和粘合剂含量(15-25 wt.%)取决于团聚行为。高岭石黏土矿物表现出较慢的团聚成核和生长,而氧化物表现出较快的团聚动力学。硅质针铁矿原料的细/粗比、h2so4粘结剂用量和酸含量、产品干燥温度和老化条件对颗粒润湿、成核和生长过程等团聚机制和粒度、强度等颗粒属性均有显著影响。团聚体强度随细/粗颗粒比的增大而增大。
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引用次数: 1
Estimation of Gold Resources from Exploration Drilling using Conditional Simulation - A Case Study 基于条件模拟的勘探钻井黄金资源量估算方法研究
Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.4314/GM.V13I1
S. Al-Hassan, J. Kwaha
Estimation of gold resources from exploration drilling has passed through various phases and methods at the AngloGold Ashanti, Iduapriem Mine Limited, Tarkwa in Ghana. From the use of Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) to the use of Ordinary Kriging (OK) and currently the use of Uniform Conditioning (UC). This is all with a view of improving the estimations before the grade control drilling is undertaken for mine planning and subsequent mining. This paper compares the estimates obtained from exploration drilling using conditional simulation with the results from ordinary kriging and actual production figures on a block by block basis for areas that have already been mined in the deposit. The results show that estimates using conditional simulation and ordinary kriging are similar; and, both appear to underestimate the resources.
在加纳Tarkwa的AngloGold Ashanti, Iduapriem矿山有限公司,从勘探钻探中估计黄金资源经过了不同的阶段和方法。从使用逆距离加权法(IDW)到使用普通克里格法(OK),再到目前使用均匀调节法(UC)。这一切都是为了在为矿山规划和随后的采矿进行品位控制钻井之前改进估计。本文对该矿床已开采区域的勘探钻井条件模拟估算结果与普通克里格法估算结果及逐块实际产量数据进行了比较。结果表明,条件模拟的估计与普通克里格的估计是相似的;而且,两者似乎都低估了资源。
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引用次数: 1
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Ghana Mining Journal
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