Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9789048539291-003
A. Allawi
{"title":"1. Pathways to Modern Islam","authors":"A. Allawi","doi":"10.1515/9789048539291-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9789048539291-003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":125775,"journal":{"name":"Pathways to Contemporary Islam","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123072513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-31DOI: 10.1515/9789048539291-008
S. Saleem
{"title":"6. Building Trust in the Democratic Process","authors":"S. Saleem","doi":"10.1515/9789048539291-008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/9789048539291-008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":125775,"journal":{"name":"Pathways to Contemporary Islam","volume":"68 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116654699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this chapter, Olivier Roy re-examines the failure of political Islam in the light of the Arab Spring revolutions. Noting that the notion of political Islam is itself problematic, he stresses that it is politics that defines the space for religion within a state. The chapter argues that Islamists are not doomed to failure, given their success in mobilizing support from the population and winning elections. However, it underlines that Islamists are likely to drop their Islamists objectives in favour of fostering democratic values. The failure of political Islam as such has also resulted in the rise of neo-fundamentalism reflected in Wahhabi-Salafism.
{"title":"The Failure of Political Islam Revisited","authors":"O. Roy","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.11","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, Olivier Roy re-examines the failure of political Islam in\u0000 the light of the Arab Spring revolutions. Noting that the notion of political\u0000 Islam is itself problematic, he stresses that it is politics that defines the\u0000 space for religion within a state. The chapter argues that Islamists are\u0000 not doomed to failure, given their success in mobilizing support from the\u0000 population and winning elections. However, it underlines that Islamists are\u0000 likely to drop their Islamists objectives in favour of fostering democratic\u0000 values. The failure of political Islam as such has also resulted in the rise\u0000 of neo-fundamentalism reflected in Wahhabi-Salafism.","PeriodicalId":125775,"journal":{"name":"Pathways to Contemporary Islam","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123759006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter chronicles factors contributing to and implications arising from declining levels of moderation in Muslim-majority societies in the era of global Islamic resurgence by looking at the example of Malaysia, a country that has been classified as a moderate Muslim country. Moderation here is understood in terms of both the intellectual conception of Islamic doctrine and its practical application as a way of life and of relating to others, both Muslim and non-Muslim. It is argued that moderation has taken a beating with the ascendancy of the Wahhabi-Salafi school of thought by especially penetrating Islamic institutions with organic linkages to the state, a phenomenon made worse by the prevalence of authoritarian structures and paternalistic political cultures in post-colonial Muslim societies. In Malaysia, Middle Eastern-influenced Salafization synergized with ethnocentric aspects of local politics to produce a socio-political environment largely antithetical to the country’s pluralist heritage.
{"title":"Regaining the Islamic Centre?","authors":"A. Hamid","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.12","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter chronicles factors contributing to and implications arising\u0000 from declining levels of moderation in Muslim-majority societies in the\u0000 era of global Islamic resurgence by looking at the example of Malaysia, a\u0000 country that has been classified as a moderate Muslim country. Moderation\u0000 here is understood in terms of both the intellectual conception of Islamic\u0000 doctrine and its practical application as a way of life and of relating to others,\u0000 both Muslim and non-Muslim. It is argued that moderation has taken\u0000 a beating with the ascendancy of the Wahhabi-Salafi school of thought\u0000 by especially penetrating Islamic institutions with organic linkages to\u0000 the state, a phenomenon made worse by the prevalence of authoritarian\u0000 structures and paternalistic political cultures in post-colonial Muslim\u0000 societies. In Malaysia, Middle Eastern-influenced Salafization synergized\u0000 with ethnocentric aspects of local politics to produce a socio-political\u0000 environment largely antithetical to the country’s pluralist heritage.","PeriodicalId":125775,"journal":{"name":"Pathways to Contemporary Islam","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121539362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter argues that the prevalence of certain myths in Islamic tradition predispose some Muslims into adopting exclusivist ideas that define their religious orientations in a manner that can be viewed sociologically and even theologically as extremist. By taking the examples of the alleged genocide of the Bani Qurayza Jewish tribe by Prophet Muhammad and the alleged link between a Yemeni Jew to the founding of Shiite Islam, the chapter shows that these myths have led to justification of anti-Semitism, violence against non-Muslims, and sectarianism in the Muslim World. The chapter concludes by calling for a more critical reading of Islamic tradition.
{"title":"5. The Function of Myths in the Justification of Muslim Extremism","authors":"S. F. Alatas","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.9","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter argues that the prevalence of certain myths in Islamic tradition\u0000 predispose some Muslims into adopting exclusivist ideas that define\u0000 their religious orientations in a manner that can be viewed sociologically\u0000 and even theologically as extremist. By taking the examples of the alleged\u0000 genocide of the Bani Qurayza Jewish tribe by Prophet Muhammad and\u0000 the alleged link between a Yemeni Jew to the founding of Shiite Islam, the\u0000 chapter shows that these myths have led to justification of anti-Semitism,\u0000 violence against non-Muslims, and sectarianism in the Muslim World.\u0000 The chapter concludes by calling for a more critical reading of Islamic\u0000 tradition.","PeriodicalId":125775,"journal":{"name":"Pathways to Contemporary Islam","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121778083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article examines the culture of renewal and critical engagement through the practice of critical traditionalism as a way of balancing tradition and innovation. In this sense, individual reasoning (ijtihad) implies the use of history and knowledge of the past to provide an account of the present by accepting the contemporary knowledge of modernity. This chapter exemplifies the practice of critical traditionalism in the reflections of Muhammad Taqi Usmani and Yusuf al-Qaradawi on issues such as slavery. Nonetheless, it acknowledges the dangerous lack of critical engagement with tradition, acknowledging the need to rethink the Islamic system of faith (deen) by drawing inspiration from Muslim thinkers like al-Ghazali, who called for intellectual humility and the acceptance of plurality and multiplicity of meaning.
{"title":"The Ethical in Shari’a Practices","authors":"E. Moosa","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.14","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the culture of renewal and critical engagement\u0000 through the practice of critical traditionalism as a way of balancing\u0000 tradition and innovation. In this sense, individual reasoning (ijtihad)\u0000 implies the use of history and knowledge of the past to provide an account\u0000 of the present by accepting the contemporary knowledge of modernity.\u0000 This chapter exemplifies the practice of critical traditionalism in the\u0000 reflections of Muhammad Taqi Usmani and Yusuf al-Qaradawi on issues\u0000 such as slavery. Nonetheless, it acknowledges the dangerous lack of critical\u0000 engagement with tradition, acknowledging the need to rethink the Islamic\u0000 system of faith (deen) by drawing inspiration from Muslim thinkers like\u0000 al-Ghazali, who called for intellectual humility and the acceptance of\u0000 plurality and multiplicity of meaning.","PeriodicalId":125775,"journal":{"name":"Pathways to Contemporary Islam","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132659928","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article attempts to explain the state of contemporary Islamic Intellectualism. Additionally, it proposes a set of abilities, attributes, and responsibilities that Muslim scholars should possess to develop Islamic Intellectualism. To achieve this, this article first provides an analysis of the history of Islamic civilization, and the role of traditional Islamic Intellectualism in pushing the civilization towards new heights in the realms of societal organization, politics, culture, economics, and theology. Islam, as such, had experienced its first renaissance from the eighth to the sixteenth century. Today, the Muslim world is in need of a second renaissance. This is the context in which this article situates the ‘standards’ to which contemporary Muslim intellectuals must strive towards.
{"title":"A New Approach to Islamic Intellectual Tradition","authors":"A. Unsal","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.7","url":null,"abstract":"This article attempts to explain the state of contemporary Islamic Intellectualism.\u0000 Additionally, it proposes a set of abilities, attributes, and\u0000 responsibilities that Muslim scholars should possess to develop Islamic\u0000 Intellectualism. To achieve this, this article first provides an analysis of\u0000 the history of Islamic civilization, and the role of traditional Islamic Intellectualism\u0000 in pushing the civilization towards new heights in the realms\u0000 of societal organization, politics, culture, economics, and theology. Islam,\u0000 as such, had experienced its first renaissance from the eighth to the\u0000 sixteenth century. Today, the Muslim world is in need of a second renaissance.\u0000 This is the context in which this article situates the ‘standards’ to\u0000 which contemporary Muslim intellectuals must strive towards.","PeriodicalId":125775,"journal":{"name":"Pathways to Contemporary Islam","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116994435","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter provides an overview of Islam’s historical experiences in interreligious dialogue through highlights of its ‘golden ages’ in this particular domain of multicultural societal living within its civilization. It examines these golden ages in interreligious dialogue in three notable geo-cultural and historical settings—Muslim-ruled Spain, Chinese Islam in Ming-ruled China, and Indian Islam under Mughal rule—following an introductory discussion of Muslim exemplary treatment of non-Muslims during the rule of the first four Caliphs succeeding the Prophet Muhammad. On the basis of this discussion the author concludes that it is generally the case that interreligious dialogue and cooperation presents itself as a necessary contributory factor of the Golden Age of all religiously pluralistic societies, especially of Islamic civilization.
{"title":"Enhancing Dialogue Between Religious Traditions","authors":"O. Bakar","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.13","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter provides an overview of Islam’s historical experiences in interreligious\u0000 dialogue through highlights of its ‘golden ages’ in this particular\u0000 domain of multicultural societal living within its civilization. It examines\u0000 these golden ages in interreligious dialogue in three notable geo-cultural\u0000 and historical settings—Muslim-ruled Spain, Chinese Islam in Ming-ruled\u0000 China, and Indian Islam under Mughal rule—following an introductory\u0000 discussion of Muslim exemplary treatment of non-Muslims during the\u0000 rule of the first four Caliphs succeeding the Prophet Muhammad. On the\u0000 basis of this discussion the author concludes that it is generally the case\u0000 that interreligious dialogue and cooperation presents itself as a necessary\u0000 contributory factor of the Golden Age of all religiously pluralistic societies,\u0000 especially of Islamic civilization.","PeriodicalId":125775,"journal":{"name":"Pathways to Contemporary Islam","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114504036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In recent years, scholars and policy analysts have grappled with the question of the relation of Islamic education to politics, public ethics, and modern social change. This chapter examines the origins, social role, and varieties of Islamic education, and their transformation in modern times. The chapter shows that, although Muslim educators in a few parts of the late-modern world have been resistant to efforts at educational reform, the great majority have responded positively and energetically. They have done so in response to both the hopes and aspirations of Muslim parents and youth, and the recognition that moral and intellectual progress in Muslim-majority societies requires a dialogue with and integration of the sciences of the world with the sciences of revelation.
{"title":"The Best and Most Trying of Times","authors":"R. Hefner","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.8","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, scholars and policy analysts have grappled with the question\u0000 of the relation of Islamic education to politics, public ethics, and\u0000 modern social change. This chapter examines the origins, social role, and\u0000 varieties of Islamic education, and their transformation in modern times.\u0000 The chapter shows that, although Muslim educators in a few parts of the\u0000 late-modern world have been resistant to efforts at educational reform,\u0000 the great majority have responded positively and energetically. They have\u0000 done so in response to both the hopes and aspirations of Muslim parents\u0000 and youth, and the recognition that moral and intellectual progress in\u0000 Muslim-majority societies requires a dialogue with and integration of the\u0000 sciences of the world with the sciences of revelation.","PeriodicalId":125775,"journal":{"name":"Pathways to Contemporary Islam","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129887964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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