Post-Arab Spring events indicate that democratic openings can result in power shifts from secular authoritarian regimes to mainstream Islamists, contributing to a heightened secular-religious political polarization. This chapter considers how Tunisia’s Islamists avoided this pitfall where other post-Arab Spring countries failed. It argues that one key factor that helped Tunisia’s democratic transition was the building of a minimum level of trust during pre-Arab Spring interactions between non-regime secularists and Islamists, rooted in the common understanding that democracy in Tunisia was desired by all political participants. The Islamists’ willingness to trust in the democratic process and to engage in consensus building with secular political partners helped mediate the many contentious conflicts that arose at critical junctures of Tunisia’s democratic transition.
{"title":"Building Trust in the Democratic Process","authors":"S. Saleem","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.10","url":null,"abstract":"Post-Arab Spring events indicate that democratic openings can result in\u0000 power shifts from secular authoritarian regimes to mainstream Islamists,\u0000 contributing to a heightened secular-religious political polarization. This\u0000 chapter considers how Tunisia’s Islamists avoided this pitfall where other\u0000 post-Arab Spring countries failed. It argues that one key factor that helped\u0000 Tunisia’s democratic transition was the building of a minimum level of\u0000 trust during pre-Arab Spring interactions between non-regime secularists\u0000 and Islamists, rooted in the common understanding that democracy in\u0000 Tunisia was desired by all political participants. The Islamists’ willingness\u0000 to trust in the democratic process and to engage in consensus building\u0000 with secular political partners helped mediate the many contentious\u0000 conflicts that arose at critical junctures of Tunisia’s democratic transition.","PeriodicalId":125775,"journal":{"name":"Pathways to Contemporary Islam","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116193664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Modern Islam, in contradistinction to traditionalist or pre-modern Islam, emerged in the mid nineteenth century as a reaction to the overwhelming of Muslim societies by a rapidly expanding Occident. Modern Islam sought to effect the perspectives and consciousness of Muslims by a focus on the political dimension of Muslims’ disempowerment. A number of often conflicting political, doctrinal, and social currents emerged that sought to reposition Islam in its modern context. However, the Modern Islam project has effectively ended and degenerated into an obscurantist exposition of the religion, extreme extenuation of the Shia-Sunni schism, and the growth of a nihilistic and destructive understanding and practice of jihad. Muslims must thus look beyond the false promise of a new Islamic ‘Reformation’ or ‘Enlightenment’.
{"title":"Pathways to Modern Islam","authors":"A. Allawi","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.5","url":null,"abstract":"Modern Islam, in contradistinction to traditionalist or pre-modern Islam,\u0000 emerged in the mid nineteenth century as a reaction to the overwhelming\u0000 of Muslim societies by a rapidly expanding Occident. Modern Islam\u0000 sought to effect the perspectives and consciousness of Muslims by a focus\u0000 on the political dimension of Muslims’ disempowerment. A number of\u0000 often conflicting political, doctrinal, and social currents emerged that\u0000 sought to reposition Islam in its modern context. However, the Modern\u0000 Islam project has effectively ended and degenerated into an obscurantist\u0000 exposition of the religion, extreme extenuation of the Shia-Sunni schism,\u0000 and the growth of a nihilistic and destructive understanding and practice\u0000 of jihad. Muslims must thus look beyond the false promise of a new Islamic\u0000 ‘Reformation’ or ‘Enlightenment’.","PeriodicalId":125775,"journal":{"name":"Pathways to Contemporary Islam","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125086509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article focuses on the development of new forms of Muslim piety that challenge both Euro-American stereotypes of Muslim women veiling and conservative interpretations of the meaning of hijab in Islam. It shows how recent progressive readings of Islamic sacred texts, highlighting the spiritual equality of the sexes, are questioning persistent assumptions that Muslim women are required to veil. These progressive intellectual and theological voices are accompanied by the development of more popular and far reaching industries that are facilitating the emergence of new practices of piety: the Islamic fashion industry, Islamic beauty pageants, veiled dolls, and artistic voices. Taken together, these new modes of Islamic piety show the imbrication of religious expressions, faith, and global market forces.
{"title":"The New Horizons of Piety","authors":"Sahar Amer","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.15","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on the development of new forms of Muslim piety that\u0000 challenge both Euro-American stereotypes of Muslim women veiling and\u0000 conservative interpretations of the meaning of hijab in Islam. It shows\u0000 how recent progressive readings of Islamic sacred texts, highlighting the\u0000 spiritual equality of the sexes, are questioning persistent assumptions\u0000 that Muslim women are required to veil. These progressive intellectual\u0000 and theological voices are accompanied by the development of more\u0000 popular and far reaching industries that are facilitating the emergence\u0000 of new practices of piety: the Islamic fashion industry, Islamic beauty\u0000 pageants, veiled dolls, and artistic voices. Taken together, these new modes\u0000 of Islamic piety show the imbrication of religious expressions, faith, and\u0000 global market forces.","PeriodicalId":125775,"journal":{"name":"Pathways to Contemporary Islam","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128192335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This chapter examines the ways in which modernity was theorized in relation to Islam to analyse the historical contingency of knowledge production on Islam in Western scholarship. It critically interrogates concepts such as history, civilization, and modernity, in which Islam transitions from a timeless other to a distinctive trajectory within multiple modernities. The chapter proposes Paul Rabinow’s framework of the contemporary to open up non-Orientalist and non-binary approaches to the study of Islam. Overall, the chapter stresses three theoretical propositions: a historical approach to epistemology and analytical tools; the need to recognize Muslims as active agents shaping discourses of Islam; and finally, a conceptual openness to emergent phenomena and interrelations between the traditional and the modern.
{"title":"A Theoretical Pathway to Contemporary Islam","authors":"Iulia Lumina","doi":"10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvv417f6.6","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter examines the ways in which modernity was theorized in relation to Islam to analyse the historical contingency of knowledge production on Islam in Western scholarship. It critically interrogates concepts such as history, civilization, and modernity, in which Islam transitions from a timeless other to a distinctive trajectory within multiple modernities. The chapter proposes Paul Rabinow’s framework of the contemporary to open up non-Orientalist and non-binary approaches to the study of Islam. Overall, the chapter stresses three theoretical propositions: a historical approach to epistemology and analytical tools; the need to recognize Muslims as active agents shaping discourses of Islam; and finally, a conceptual openness to emergent phenomena and interrelations between the traditional and the modern.","PeriodicalId":125775,"journal":{"name":"Pathways to Contemporary Islam","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130819322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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