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Preservice Elementary Teachers and Future Civic Teaching 在职小学教师与未来的公民教育
Pub Date : 2024-05-22 DOI: 10.1177/23522798241252939
Elizabeth S. White
In order to strengthen civic education in elementary schools, research is needed to understand preservice teachers’ ideas about civic teaching. The current study examined the degree to which elementary preservice teachers’ civic competencies (i.e., civic awareness, dispositions, and interpersonal skills) and the grades they plan to teach are associated with expected future civic teaching. Survey data were collected from 235 undergraduate students majoring in early childhood or elementary education. Results from hierarchical multiple regression showed that greater civic awareness and lower levels of trust in the American promise were associated with expected future teaching about politics, while greater civic awareness, stronger commitment to social issues, and better interpersonal skills were associated with expected future teaching about community engagement. Additionally, those who plan to teach the upper elementary grades (third–fifth) were more likely to report that they will teach about politics and community engagement in their future classrooms when compared to those who plan to teach younger grades (PreK–second). Practical implications for preservice teacher preparation are discussed.
为了加强小学的公民教育,需要开展研究以了解职前教师对公民教学的看法。本研究考察了小学职前教师的公民能力(即公民意识、处置能力和人际交往能力)以及他们计划任教的年级与预期的未来公民教学之间的关联程度。本研究收集了 235 名主修幼儿教育或小学教育的本科生的调查数据。分层多元回归的结果表明,公民意识越强、对美国承诺的信任度越低,与未来预期的政治教学相关;公民意识越强、对社会问题的承诺越强、人际交往能力越强,与未来预期的社区参与教学相关。此外,与计划任教低年级(学前班-初二)的学生相比,计划任教小学高年级(三年级-五年级)的学生更有可能表示他们将在未来的课堂上教授政治和社区参与。本文讨论了职前教师培训的实际意义。
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引用次数: 0
Becoming Changemakers: How Social-Emotional Learning Can Enhance Civic Agency Development 成为变革者:社会情感学习如何促进公民机构发展
Pub Date : 2024-05-20 DOI: 10.1177/23522798241252137
Tom Nachtigal, Ariana Zetlin, Lisa Utzinger Shen
To better prepare students for active and thoughtful participation in a democratic society, civic education should foster an array of civic competencies. Cultivating student civic agency—an under-studied civic competency—is of particular importance to equip students to authentically use their voice in their communities. But what does it look like to foster student civic agency in a classroom setting? This article leverages a social and emotional learning (SEL) framework to uncover the active curricular ingredients and educational mechanisms through which a student-led civics curriculum has fostered civic agency. In this multi-site case study, we analyze the implementation of an eighth grade student-led civics curriculum in a northeastern U.S. state. We outline how implicit SEL processes in these classrooms, stemming from a pedagogical focus on “changemakers,” supported development of civic agency. We found that the changemakers theme facilitated student exploration of their own civic identity and values, while prompting students to critically examine political power structures. Notably, the theme also helped students to develop a narrative of self as changemakers and to envision themselves actively engaged in civic spaces. This study adds insights to growing evidence on the multi-faceted benefits that civically-oriented SEL may offer to preparing young people to engage in democracy.
为了更好地培养学生积极、深思熟虑地参与民主社会,公民教育应培养一系列公民能力。培养学生的公民能动性--一种未得到充分研究的公民能力--对于培养学生在社区中真实地发出自己的声音尤为重要。但是,在课堂教学中培养学生的公民意识是怎样的呢?本文利用社会和情感学习(SEL)框架,揭示了学生主导的公民课程促进公民能动性的积极课程要素和教育机制。在这项多地点案例研究中,我们分析了美国东北部一个州八年级学生主导的公民课程的实施情况。我们概述了这些课堂中的隐性 SEL 过程,这些过程源于对 "变革者 "的教学关注,如何支持公民能动性的发展。我们发现,"变革者 "主题有助于学生探索自己的公民身份和价值观,同时促使学生批判性地审视政治权力结构。值得注意的是,该主题还有助于学生将自己描述为变革者,并设想自己积极参与公民空间。这项研究为越来越多的证据增添了新的见解,这些证据表明,以公民为导向的 SEL 可为培养年轻人参与民主提供多方面的益处。
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引用次数: 0
Plowing New Fields of Scholarship in Social Studies: Planting New Seeds With Civic, Economic, and Geographic Thinking 耕耘社会研究学术的新领域:用公民、经济和地理思维播下新种子
Pub Date : 2024-04-16 DOI: 10.1177/23522798241246196
Jeremiah C. Clabough, William B. Russell
This manuscript is the introductory article for the special issue of the Journal of Social Studies Research titled Teaching Disciplinary Thinking, Literacy, and Argumentation Skills. In it, the authors provide an historical overview of disciplinary thinking as outlined by Edwin Fenton and Sam Wineburg. They talk about how the C3 Framework is a melding of a focus on disciplinary thinking outlined by Fenton and Wineburg with the emphasis on preparing K-12 students for their future roles as democratic citizens as stressed by scholars like Shirley Engle. Then, the focus of the manuscript shifts to highlight the underdeveloped areas of disciplinary thinking in civics, geography, and economics. The authors define economic, civic, and geographic thinking and provide habits of mind for each of these disciplines along with classroom activities for each. They close with arguments for why K-12 social studies teachers and social studies education scholars should focus on developing K-12 students’ civic, economic, and geographic thinking skills.
本手稿是《社会研究杂志》特刊的介绍性文章,标题为 "教授学科思维、素养和论证技能"。在这篇文章中,作者对埃德温-芬顿(Edwin Fenton)和萨姆-怀恩伯格(Sam Wineburg)概述的学科思维进行了历史性概述。他们谈到了 C3 框架是如何将 Fenton 和 Wineburg 概述的对学科思维的关注与 Shirley Engle 等学者强调的培养 K-12 学生未来成为民主公民的重点融合在一起的。然后,手稿的重点转向强调公民学、地理学和经济学等学科思维发展不足的领域。作者对经济、公民和地理思维进行了定义,并提供了这些学科的思维习惯以及相应的课堂活动。最后,他们论证了为什么 K-12 级社会学教师和社会学教育学者应注重培养 K-12 级学生的公民、经济和地理思维能力。
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引用次数: 0
A Call to Combat the Climate Crisis Through Sustainability in Social Studies Education 呼吁通过社会研究教育中的可持续性来应对气候危机
Pub Date : 2024-04-05 DOI: 10.1177/23522798241246194
Jacie Doyle-Lackey
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引用次数: 0
Reacting to Black Lives Matter on Social Media: Pedagogical Implications for Social Studies Education 在社交媒体上回应 "黑人生命大事":社会研究教育的教学意义
Pub Date : 2024-03-27 DOI: 10.1177/23522798241238460
J. McAnulty
This Q methodological study explored the ways preservice and in-service social studies teachers engaged with a collection of social media posts about the Black Lives Matter movement. The study asked participants to share their reactions to the posts as well as how they would determine which posts they might present to their students in the classroom. The analysis of the Q sorts identified three subject positions available to these social studies teachers—labeled the Context Provider, the Data Debater, and the Critical Confronter. Notably, each of these subject positions was underscored by a prevalent discourse of teachers working as a Guide on the Side. These findings suggest that social studies teachers’ pedagogical imaginings of engaging students with social media content and in the analysis of current social and political movements for justice are significantly informed by dominant discourses of teacher “neutrality.”
这项 Q 方法研究探讨了职前和在职社会研究教师参与有关 "黑人生命重要 "运动的社交媒体帖子集的方式。研究要求参与者分享他们对这些帖子的反应,以及他们如何决定在课堂上向学生展示哪些帖子。通过对 Q sorts 的分析,这些社会研究教师确定了三种主体地位--即 "背景提供者"、"数据辩论者 "和 "批判对抗者"。值得注意的是,教师作为 "旁观者"(Guide on the Side)的普遍论述强调了这三种主体地位。这些研究结果表明,社会研究教师在让学生参与社交媒体内容以及对当前社会和政治正义运动的分析时,其教学想象在很大程度上受到教师 "中立 "这一主流话语的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Design Principles for Promoting Students’ Social Scientific Reasoning About Social Problems 促进学生对社会问题进行社会科学推理的设计原则
Pub Date : 2024-03-24 DOI: 10.1177/23522798241238459
Thomas Klijnstra, G. Stoel, Gerard J. F. Ruijs, G. Savenije, Carla van Boxtel
Social scientific reasoning (SSR) is essential to social science education and to a democratic society as a whole. Students are challenged to analyze and reason about social problems such as social inequality, crime, and poverty. However, students experience difficulties with SSR. This study addresses the research question: Which design principles can guide teachers in designing lessons that promote social scientific reasoning? In this design-based research, four social science teachers employed a conceptualization of SSR and its levels together with three initial design principles to develop curriculum materials and activities. These design principles and curriculum materials were piloted in two secondary education classes (9th and 10th grades) and evaluated by four social science teachers, four social science teacher educators and 90 students. The study produced six design principles that can promote students’ SSR. In combination with the curriculum materials, those design principles can help develop teachers’ pedagogical content knowledge and guide the design of tasks and units that develop SSR.
社会科学推理(SSR)对于社会科学教育和整个民主社会都至关重要。学生们面临着对社会不平等、犯罪和贫困等社会问题进行分析和推理的挑战。然而,学生在进行社会科学推理时却遇到了困难。本研究探讨的问题是哪些设计原则可以指导教师设计促进社会科学推理的课程?在这项以设计为基础的研究中,四位社会科学教师采用了社会科学推理的概念及其层次,并结合三项初步设计原则来开发课程材料和活动。这些设计原则和课程材料在两个中学教育班级(九年级和十年级)进行了试点,并由四名社会科学教师、四名社会科学教师教育工作者和 90 名学生进行了评估。这项研究得出了六项可促进学生社会科学研究的设计原则。这些设计原则与课程教材相结合,有助于发展教师的教学内容知识,并指导任务和单元的设计,从而培养学生的社会科学能力。
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引用次数: 0
Crash Course in the Classroom: Exploring How and Why Social Studies Teachers Use YouTube Videos 课堂速成班:探索社会研究教师如何以及为何使用 YouTube 视频
Pub Date : 2024-03-22 DOI: 10.1177/23522798241238666
James Miles, Allyson Compton, Eve Herold
This article explores how the Crash Course video series are being used as a content-focused resource in the social studies classroom. It argues that the Crash Course series, alongside its YouTube competitors, has significantly stepped in to fill a vacuum left by criticisms and the unpopularity of lectures, textbooks, and feature films. With over 15 million subscribers and accumulated views over 1.9 billion, Crash Course has become an important and ubiquitous force in history and social studies classrooms and represents a new genre of educational media found on YouTube. However, the dramatic rise in the popularity of educational videos online has not coincided with a growth in educational research, particularly in social studies and history education. This article explores the findings of a mixed-methods study that examines how and why history and social studies teachers are using Crash Course videos in their teaching and planning. In particular, it analyses descriptive statistics derived from the results of a teacher survey ( n = 181) and semi-structured interviews with seven social studies teachers who have used Crash Course in their classrooms. The authors found that teachers in the study are regularly using the Crash Course video series to deliver content which is clearly meeting a need many social studies teachers have. The videos–short, easily accessible, and fun–fit nicely with demands to keep students engaged, reduce reliance on textbooks, and explore new content that teachers have little time to learn themselves. This study also found that rarely, if ever, are teachers inviting students to evaluate or assess the content, trustworthiness, or perspective of Crash Course videos. This article discusses what is gained and what are the risks of embracing Crash Course in the social studies and history classroom.
本文探讨了《速成课程》系列视频如何被用作社会研究课堂中以内容为重点的资源。文章认为,"速成课程 "系列与 YouTube 上的其他竞争者一起,填补了讲座、教科书和故事片因受到批评和不受欢迎而留下的真空地带。速成课程》拥有 1,500 多万订阅者,累计浏览量超过 19 亿次,已成为历史和社会研究课堂上一支重要且无处不在的力量,代表了 YouTube 上一种新的教育媒体类型。然而,教育视频在网上的急剧流行并没有与教育研究的增长同步,尤其是在社会研究和历史教育方面。本文探讨了一项混合方法研究的结果,该研究考察了历史和社会研究教师在教学和计划中使用《速成课程》视频的方式和原因。特别是,文章分析了从教师调查结果(n = 181)和对七位在课堂上使用过《速成课程》的社会研究教师的半结构式访谈中得出的描述性统计数字。作者发现,参与研究的教师经常使用《速成课程》系列视频讲授内容,这显然满足了许多社会学教师的需求。这些视频短小精悍、通俗易懂、寓教于乐,很好地满足了让学生参与、减少对教科书的依赖以及探索教师自己没有时间学习的新内容的需求。本研究还发现,教师很少邀请学生对速成课程视频的内容、可信度或观点进行评价或评估。本文讨论了在社会学和历史课堂上采用速成课程的收获和风险。
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引用次数: 0
Misleading Mandates: The Null Curriculum of Genocide Education 误导性任务:种族灭绝教育的无效课程
Pub Date : 2024-03-21 DOI: 10.1177/23522798241238463
Anna M. Yonas, Stephanie D. van Hover
This content analysis examines the ways that genocide is included in the high school world history content standards of eleven states with legislative mandates requiring genocide education, as well as if the content standards in those states differ from those of states without mandated genocide education. The null curriculum theorizes that the content that is not taught may be as important as what is taught; this lens allows for a nuanced analysis of the ways that genocide is included and excluded in state standards. The findings suggest that states with legislative mandates requiring genocide education do not necessarily have high school world history content standards that require genocide education. The content standards in states with legislative mandates often omit acts of genocide, refrain from using the term “genocide,” and frame genocides as less important than the Holocaust, perpetuating the null curriculum of genocides.
本内容分析研究了 11 个州的高中世界史内容标准中纳入种族灭绝教育的方式,以及这些州的内容标准是否与未规定种族灭绝教育的州有所不同。空课程理论认为,没有教授的内容可能与教授的内容同样重要;通过这一视角,可以对州立标准中纳入和排除种族灭绝内容的方式进行细致分析。研究结果表明,有立法授权要求开展种族灭绝教育的州,其高中世界史内容标准并不一定要求开展种族灭绝教育。有立法授权的州的内容标准往往省略种族灭绝行为,避免使用 "种族灭绝 "一词,并将种族灭绝定格为不如大屠杀重要的行为,使种族灭绝的无效课程得以延续。
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引用次数: 0
“Thinking Like an Activist”: Preservice Teachers Make Sense of the Past "像活动家一样思考":职前教师了解过去
Pub Date : 2024-03-18 DOI: 10.1177/23522798241238669
Linda Doornbos, Erin Piedmont
History education holds strong potential for students to examine how racism and other intersecting forms of oppression embedded within U.S. institutions have and still impact today’s social fabric. When rooted in Martell and Stevens’ “thinking like an activist” framework, history education provides opportunities for preservice teachers (PSTs) to see, understand, and disrupt the dominant narrative. They can begin to reimagine their roles as future leaders in the classroom and beyond to ensure that all students thrive and not just survive. Thus, for this qualitative study, we engaged our PST in a book study of A Different Mirror for Young People: A History for Multicultural America. Through intentional content and pedagogical choices, we investigated the question, “ How do preservice teachers make sense of history using the ‘thinking like an activist’ framework?” Findings indicated how Takaki’s different mirror, as a counternarrative centering the perspectives and experiences of historically marginalized groups, allowed PSTs 1) to unlearn oppressive structures (cultural preparation), 2) begin to develop a sociopolitical consciousness of systemic oppression, albeit through an outsider’s perspective (critical analysis), and 3) to analyze how collective action in the past enacted change–although through an already, but not yet, understanding of their role in social change in the present (collective action).
历史教育蕴含着巨大的潜力,可以让学生审视美国体制内的种族主义和其他相互交错 的压迫形式是如何已经并仍在影响着当今的社会结构。历史教育植根于马特尔和史蒂文斯的 "像活动家一样思考 "框架,为职前教师 (PSTs)提供了洞察、理解和打破主流叙事的机会。他们可以开始重新认识自己作为课堂内外未来领导者的角色,以确保所有学生都能茁壮成长,而不仅仅是苟延残喘。因此,在这项定性研究中,我们让 PST 参与了《给年轻人的一面不同的镜子》一书的学习:美国多元文化史》。通过有意识地选择内容和教学方法,我们研究了这样一个问题:"职前教师如何利用'像行动者一样思考'的框架来理解历史?研究结果表明,作为以历史上被边缘化群体的视角和经历为中心的反叙述,高木的 "一面不同的镜子 "是如何让职前教师:1)解除压迫性结构(文化准备);2)开始发展系统性压迫的社会政治意识,尽管是通过局外人的视角(批判性分析);3)分析过去的集体行动是如何促成变革的--尽管是通过已经但尚未理解他们在当前社会变革中的作用(集体行动)。
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引用次数: 0
“Reminds Me How Much You Ought to be Thinking About”: Advancing History Teachers’ Vetting and Adaption of Digital Curriculum Materials "提醒我你应该思考多少问题":提高历史教师对数字课程材料的审核和改编能力
Pub Date : 2024-03-11 DOI: 10.1177/23522798241230300
Eric B. Freedman, Tina Y. Gourd, Bianca Schamberger, Amira S. Nash
The digital revolution has widened the array of curriculum materials available to history teachers. Given the variable quality of these new materials and the deeply contextual nature of teaching, educators need better tools for selecting among the vast options available. This study aimed to validate a device designed for that purpose, called the Curriculum Materials Evaluation Tool (CMET). Using a questionnaire and think-aloud interview, the study examined how four social studies teachers evaluated a novel material set for potential classroom use, and how the CMET mediated their analysis. Findings showed that the teachers preferred when materials are readily accessible and adaptable for their specific teaching context, in contrast to “one-size-fits-all” resources that dominate the Web. The CMET appeared to foster a deeper and broader analysis of the given material set, especially regarding its political and cultural orientation. The study suggests that teachers’ role in vetting and adapting digital materials be recognized and embraced. The CMET can contribute to that end through its use in district adoption committees, teacher professional development, and collaborative curriculum research.
数字革命为历史教师提供了更多的课程材料。鉴于这些新教材的质量参差不齐,而教学又具有深刻的情境性,教育工作者需要更好的工具来从众多的可选教材中进行选择。本研究旨在验证一种为此目的而设计的工具,即 "课程材料评估工具"(CMET)。该研究通过问卷调查和畅想访谈的方式,考察了四位社会学教师如何评价一套新教材在课堂上的潜在用途,以及 CMET 如何对他们的分析起到中介作用。研究结果表明,与网络上 "放之四海而皆准 "的资源相比,教师们更倾向于随时可以获取并可根据具体教学情况进行调整的材料。CMET 似乎促进了对给定材料集进行更深入、更广泛的分析,特别是对其政治和文化取向的分析。这项研究建议,教师在审查和改编数字材料方面的作用应得到认可和支持。CMET 可以通过在地区采用委员会、教师专业发展和课程合作研究中的使用来实现这一目标。
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引用次数: 0
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The Journal of Social Studies Research
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