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Direct evidence of CO2 drawdown through enhanced weathering in soils 土壤风化增强导致二氧化碳减少的直接证据
IF 4.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.7185/geochemlet.2415
T. Linke, E.H. Oelkers, S.C. Möckel, S.R. Gislason
The ability of engineered enhanced weathering to impact atmospheric CO2 has been challenging to demonstrate due to the many processes occurring in soils and the short time span of current projects. Here we report the carbon balance in an Icelandic Histic/Gleyic Andosol that has received large quantities of basaltic dust over 3300 years, providing opportunity to quantify the rates and long term consequences of enhanced weathering. The added basaltic dust has dissolved continuously since its deposition. The alkalinity of the soil waters is more than 10 times higher than in equivalent basalt dust-free soils. After accounting for oxidation and degassing when the soil waters are exposed to the atmosphere, the annual CO2 drawdown due to alkalinity generation is 0.17 t C ha−1 yr−1. This study validates the ability of fine grained mafic mineral addition to soils to attenuate increasing atmospheric CO2 by alkalinity export. Induced changes in soil organic carbon storage, however, likely dominate the net CO2 drawdown of enhanced weathering efforts.
由于发生在土壤中的过程很多,而且当前项目的时间跨度较短,因此要证明工程强化风化对大气二氧化碳的影响能力一直是个挑战。在此,我们报告了冰岛 Histic/Gleyic Andosol 中的碳平衡情况,该土壤在 3300 年间接受了大量的玄武岩尘埃,为量化强化风化作用的速率和长期后果提供了机会。添加的玄武岩尘埃自沉积以来持续溶解。土壤水的碱度比没有玄武岩尘埃的同等土壤高出 10 倍以上。考虑到土壤水暴露在大气中时的氧化和脱气作用,每年因碱度生成而减少的二氧化碳量为 0.17 吨 C ha-1 yr-1。这项研究验证了向土壤中添加细粒黑云母矿物的能力,即通过碱度输出来减缓大气中二氧化碳的增加。不过,土壤有机碳储量的诱导变化很可能主导了风化作用增强所产生的二氧化碳净减少量。
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引用次数: 0
Xenon compatibility in magmatic processes: Hadean to current contexts 岩浆过程中的氙兼容性:远古至现代
IF 4.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-04-22 DOI: 10.7185/geochemlet.2413
Q. Chen, C. Sanloup, D. Horlait, G. Shen
Xenon (Xe) behaviour in petrological processes, albeit essential to constrain mantle ingassing and degassing models, is elusive due to its volatile nature, and lack of direct investigation at the pressures (P) and temperatures (T) relevant to magma formation and crystallisation at depth. Xenon stands out amongst noble gases due to its unique reactivity with silicates of the lower crust and upper mantle, which could at least partially explain that published mineral/melt partitioning coefficients span up to six orders of magnitude. We report partition coefficients of Xe using in situ X-ray fluorescence at high P and T, and mass spectrometry analyses. Xenon is found to be moderately incompatible in anorthite-clinopyroxene mix in equilibrium with basalt (partition coefficient value of 0.16 ± 0.06), and compatible in olivine in equilibrium with basalt (partition coefficients in the range 88 ± 22 to 302 ± 46). While Xe is, thus, concentrated in basaltic melts coexisting with crystallising pyroxenes and feldspars, it is strongly retained in olivine at depth. Consequently, Xe originally contained in solid Earth has been preferentially retained at depth throughout Earth’s history, from the magma ocean stages to present day partial mantle melting processes.
氙(Xe)在岩石学过程中的行为,尽管对制约地幔吸气和脱气模型至关重要,但由于其易挥发的性质,以及缺乏在与岩浆形成和深部结晶相关的压力(P)和温度(T)下的直接研究,因此难以捉摸。氙在惰性气体中脱颖而出,是因为它与下地壳和上地幔的硅酸盐具有独特的反应性,这至少可以部分解释为什么已公布的矿物/熔体分配系数高达六个数量级。我们利用高 P 和高 T 原位 X 射线荧光和质谱分析,报告了氙的分配系数。研究发现,氙在与玄武岩平衡的正长石-辉石混合物中是中度不相容的(分配系数值为 0.16 ± 0.06),而在与玄武岩平衡的橄榄石中则是相容的(分配系数范围为 88 ± 22 至 302 ± 46)。因此,Xe主要集中在与结晶辉石和长石共存的玄武岩熔体中,而在深部则主要保留在橄榄石中。因此,从岩浆海洋阶段到今天的部分地幔熔化过程,在整个地球历史中,最初包含在固体地球中的 Xe 被优先保留在深层。
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引用次数: 0
Comparative 142Nd and 182W study of MORBs and the 4.5 Gyr evolution of the upper mantle MORBs 的 142Nd 和 182W 对比研究以及上地幔的 4.5 Gyr 演变
IF 4.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-04-11 DOI: 10.7185/geochemlet.2412
D. Peters, H. Rizo, J. O’Neil, C. Hamelin, S.B. Shirey
New high precision Nd and W isotopic compositions were obtained on the same basalt samples from the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge. These provide the best estimate so far for the μ142Nd and μ182W values of the depleted mantle source of mid-ocean ridge basalts known as DMM. The PAR basalts yield a mean μ142Nd = −1.6 ± 5.0 (2 s.d.) and μ182W = −1.9 ± 3.5 (2 s.d.), which together with the literature data allow the isotope composition of the DMM to be constrained. The present-day DMM μ182W is 10–20 ppm lower than that of the Archean mantle. This decrease could be related to the broad incorporation of mantle plume material into the upper mantle, starting between 2.4 and 3 billion years ago, due to the onset of deep cold slab subduction, and its attendant return mantle flow.
在太平洋-南极海脊的同一玄武岩样本上获得了新的高精度钕和钨同位素组成。这些数据提供了迄今为止对被称为 DMM 的洋中脊玄武岩贫化地幔源的μ142Nd 和 μ182W 值的最佳估计。PAR 玄武岩的平均 μ142Nd = -1.6 ± 5.0 (2 个标准差)和 μ182W = -1.9 ± 3.5 (2 个标准差),这些数据与文献数据一起,可以对 DMM 的同位素组成进行约束。现今DMM的μ182W比Archean地幔的μ182W低10-20 ppm。这种降低可能与24亿至30亿年前开始的深冷板块俯冲及其随之而来的地幔回流造成的地幔羽流物质广泛进入上地幔有关。
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引用次数: 0
The isotopic signature of UV during bacterial reduction 细菌还原过程中紫外线的同位素特征
IF 4.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-04-09 DOI: 10.7185/geochemlet.2411
A.R. Brown, M. Molinas, Y. Roebbert, R. Faizova, T. Vitova, A. Sato, M. Hada, M. Abe, M. Mazzanti, S. Weyer, R. Bernier-Latmani
The two step electron transfer during bacterial reduction of UVI to UIV is typically accompanied by mass-independent fractionation of the 238U and 235U isotopes, whereby the heavy isotope accumulates in the reduced product. However, the role of the UV intermediate in the fractionation mechanism is unresolved due to the challenges associated with its chemical stability. Here, we employed the UV stabilising ligand, dpaea2-, to trap aqueous UV during UVI reduction by Shewanella oneidensis. Whilst the first reduction step from UVI to UV displayed negligible fractionation, reduction of UV to UIV revealed mass-dependent isotope fractionation (preferential reduction of the 235U), contrary to most previous observations. This surprising behaviour highlights the control that the U-coordinating ligand exerts over the balance between reactant U supply, electron transfer rate, and UIV product sequestration, suggesting that UV speciation should be considered when using U isotope ratios to reconstruct environmental redox conditions.
在细菌将六氟化铀还原为四氟化铀的过程中,通常会伴随着与质量无关的 238U 和 235U 同位素的两步电子转移,即重同位素在还原产物中累积。然而,紫外线中间体在分馏机制中的作用却因其化学稳定性方面的挑战而悬而未决。在这里,我们利用紫外线稳定配体 dpaea2- 在一龄雪旺菌还原六亚甲基六烷基硫醚的过程中捕获水体中的紫外线。从紫外分光光度计到紫外分光光度计的第一个还原步骤显示出可忽略不计的分馏,而从紫外分光光度计到紫外分光光度计的还原则显示出质量依赖性同位素分馏(235U 优先还原),这与之前的大多数观察结果相反。这种令人惊讶的行为突显了铀配位体对反应物铀供应、电子传递速率和 UIV 产物螯合之间平衡的控制作用,表明在使用铀同位素比值重建环境氧化还原条件时应考虑紫外分馏。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “Early precipitated micropyrite in microbialites: A capsule of microbial sulfur cycling” by Marin-Carbonne et al., 2022 微生物岩中的早期沉淀黄铁矿:微生物硫循环的胶囊 "的更正,Marin-Carbonne 等人,2022 年
IF 4.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-03-19 DOI: 10.7185/geochemlet.2209cor
J. Marin-Carbonne, M.-N. Decraene, R. Havas, L. Remusat, V. Pasquier, J. Alléon, N. Zeyen, A. Bouton, S. Bernard, S. Escrig, N. Olivier, E. Vennin, A. Meibom, K. Benzerara, C. Thomazo
Abstract not available
无摘要
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引用次数: 0
Fractionation of Nb/Ta during subduction of carbonate-rich sediments 富碳酸盐沉积物俯冲过程中 Nb/Ta 的分馏
IF 4.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.7185/geochemlet.2410
A. Bragagni, R. Avanzinelli, C. Münker, F. Mastroianni, S. Conticelli
We report high precision high field strength element (HFSE) concentrations of Italian Plio-Quaternary mafic magmas. Silica-undersaturated rocks of the Roman magmatic province show high Nb/Ta. Instead, earlier silica-oversaturated rocks of the Tuscan magmatic province have unfractionated Nb/Ta. We show evidence that the high Nb/Ta of Roman magmas reflects subduction-derived, carbonate-rich melts. Similar melts may also account for high Nb/Ta in other silica-undersaturated magmas from the circum-Mediterranean (e.g., Macedonia, Bulgaria, Turkey) and the Sunda arc, previously interpreted to reflect residual rutile. We propose a genetic link between high Nb/Ta, silica-undersaturated magmas and recycling of carbonate-rich lithologies via subduction. As such, Nb/Ta can be used to trace the recycling of subducting carbonates.
我们报告了意大利上第四纪岩浆的高精度高场强元素(HFSE)浓度。罗马岩浆区硅不饱和岩石显示出较高的 Nb/Ta。相反,托斯卡纳岩浆区早期硅过饱和岩石的 Nb/Ta 却没有分馏。我们展示的证据表明,罗马岩浆的高Nb/Ta反映了源自俯冲的富含碳酸盐的熔体。类似的熔体也可能解释了环地中海(如马其顿、保加利亚、土耳其)和巽他弧的其他二氧化硅不饱和岩浆的高 Nb/Ta,以前解释为反映了残余金红石。我们提出了高 Nb/Ta、硅不饱和岩浆与富含碳酸盐岩体通过俯冲再循环之间的遗传联系。因此,Nb/Ta可用来追踪俯冲碳酸盐岩的再循环。
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引用次数: 0
Pyrite-based trace element fingerprints for methane and oil seepage 基于黄铁矿的甲烷和石油渗流痕量元素指纹图谱
IF 4.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.7185/geochemlet.2409
D. Smrzka, Z. Lin, P. Monien, T. Chen, W. Bach, J. Peckmann, G. Bohrmann
Pyrite forms at marine hydrocarbon seeps as the result of the microbial oxidation of methane, organic matter, and crude oil coupled to sulphate reduction. Redox sensitive and nutrient trace elements in pyrite may hold valuable information on present and past seepage events, the evolution of fluid composition, as well as the presence of heavy hydrocarbon compounds from crude oil. This study uses the trace element compositions of pyrite that formed at methane seeps and crude oil-dominated seeps to constrain element mobilities during the sulphate reduction processes, and examine the degree to which specific trace elements are captured by pyrite. Pyrite forming at oil seeps shows high Mn/Fe ratios and high Mo content compared to pyrite from methane seeps. These patterns suggest either more intense or persistent sulphidic conditions, or an intensified manganese (oxy)hydroxide shuttle process at oil seeps. Copper and Zn are enriched in oil seepage-derived pyrite while Ni and V enrichment is less pronounced, suggesting either a selective uptake of specific elements by pyrite, or varying trace element compositions of organic compounds oxidised via microbial reduction.
黄铁矿形成于海洋碳氢化合物渗漏区,是甲烷、有机物和原油的微生物氧化作用加上硫酸盐还原作用的结果。黄铁矿中的氧化还原敏感痕量元素和营养痕量元素可提供有关当前和过去渗漏事件、流体成分演变以及原油中重烃化合物存在情况的宝贵信息。本研究利用甲烷渗漏和原油渗漏中形成的黄铁矿的微量元素组成来限制硫酸盐还原过程中的元素流动性,并研究黄铁矿捕获特定微量元素的程度。与甲烷渗漏的黄铁矿相比,在石油渗漏中形成的黄铁矿显示出较高的锰/铁比率和较高的钼含量。这些模式表明,石油渗漏区的硫化条件更强烈或更持久,或者锰(氧)氢氧化物的穿梭过程更强烈。铜和锌在渗油黄铁矿中富集,而镍和钒的富集则不太明显,这表明黄铁矿对特定元素的选择性吸收,或通过微生物还原氧化的有机化合物的微量元素组成各不相同。
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引用次数: 0
Kinetics of low-temperature H2 production in ultramafic rocks by ferroan brucite oxidation 超基性岩中铁青金石氧化作用低温产生 H2 的动力学过程
IF 4.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.7185/geochemlet.2408
W. Carlin, B. Malvoisin, F. Brunet, B. Lanson, N. Findling, M. Lanson, T. Fargetton, L. Jeannin, O. Lhote
Ferroan brucite, (Mg,Fe)(OH)2, is among the potential mineral candidates for low temperature (<423 K) abiotic H2 production in ultramafic rocks. To verify this assumption, synthetic ferroan brucite with grain size similar to that observed in natural samples (40–100 nm) was reacted with pure water at temperatures ranging from 348 to 573 K. Experimental products are consistent with the reaction 3 Fe(OH)2brucite = Fe3O4 + H2 + 2 H2O. This reaction reached completion in ∼2 months at 378 K and is thermally activated with an activation energy of 145 ± 1 kJ/mol. The standard state formation enthalpy and the third law entropy of amakinite, Fe(OH)2, were refined from the experimental dataset. The new thermodynamic parameters imply that ferroan brucite is stable at significantly lower hydrogen activity than previously calculated. The alteration of Fe-brucite produces H2 at rates compatible with present day observations of H2 emissions in natural settings (ophiolite and mid-oceanic ridges). However, efficient fluid renewal is required, as opposed to H2 production through olivine serpentinisation, which can proceed in static hydraulic conditions.
(Mg,Fe)(OH)2铁青石是超基性岩中低温(423 K)非生物产生H2的潜在候选矿物之一。为了验证这一假设,在 348 至 573 K 的温度范围内,将粒度与天然样品(40-100 nm)相似的合成铁青质青金石与纯水反应。该反应在 378 K 下 ∼ 2 个月内完成,属于热活化反应,活化能为 145 ± 1 kJ/mol。根据实验数据集完善了铁石棉(Fe(OH)2)的标准状态形成焓和第三定律熵。新的热力学参数表明,在氢活度比以前计算的低得多的情况下,铁青石是稳定的。铁青云母的蚀变产生 H2 的速率与目前在自然环境(蛇绿混杂岩和大洋中脊)中观测到的 H2 释放速率相一致。然而,这需要高效的流体更新,而不是通过橄榄石蛇绿岩化产生 H2,后者可以在静态水力条件下进行。
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引用次数: 0
Corrigendum to “Titanium isotope constraints on the mafic sources and geodynamic origins of Archean crust” by Hoare et al., 2023 Hoare等人撰写的 "关于阿基坦地壳岩浆来源和地球动力起源的钛同位素约束 "的更正,2023年
IF 4.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-02-26 DOI: 10.7185/geochemlet.2342cor
L. Hoare, L.J.A. Rzehak, S. Kommescher, M. Jansen, M.T. Rosing, T. Nagel, M.-A. Millet, J.E. Hoffmann, R.O.C. Fonseca
Abstract not available
无摘要
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引用次数: 0
Imaging of boron in altered mantle rocks illuminates progressive serpentinisation episodes 蚀变地幔岩石中的硼成像揭示了渐进式蛇化过程
IF 4.9 1区 地球科学 Q1 GEOCHEMISTRY & GEOPHYSICS Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI: 10.7185/geochemlet.2407
A.D. Evans, C.D. Standish, J.A. Milton, A.G. Robbins, D. Craw, G.L. Foster, D.A.H. Teagle
Serpentinised mantle rocks reflect the cumulative sum of multiple alteration events, but to date, identifying distinct serpentinisation episodes has remained challenging due to limited knowledge of the spatial distribution of tracers of fluid-rock exchange. Here we present novel high spatial resolution (∼10 μm) boron, nickel, calcium, and lithium concentration maps combined with in situ boron isotope analyses of strongly serpentinised mantle peridotites from the Troodos ophiolite, Cyprus. Our maps indicate strongly heterogenous boron concentrations with high boron concentrations in early formed serpentine replacing olivine but much lower boron contents in mesh-textured serpentine and bastitic pyroxene. Late stage crosscutting serpentine veins have very low boron concentrations. In contrast, boron isotope measurements, made at coarser scales, are remarkably uniform (mean value +11.9 ± 3.2 ‰, 1σ, n = 49). We interpret the high boron serpentine as reflecting the partial preservation of an early pervasive serpentinisation episode by fluids with high boron concentrations sourced from the dehydration of the subducting Cyprus slab. Subsequent serpentine phases with moderate to low boron reflect progressive recrystallisation and leaching by low boron concentration meteoric waters.
蛇绿岩化地幔岩石反映了多种蚀变事件的累积总和,但迄今为止,由于对流体-岩石交换示踪剂空间分布的了解有限,识别不同的蛇绿岩化事件仍然具有挑战性。在这里,我们展示了新的高空间分辨率(∼10 μm)硼、镍、钙和锂浓度图,并结合对塞浦路斯特罗多斯蛇绿岩强烈蛇绿岩化地幔橄榄岩的原位硼同位素分析。我们绘制的地图显示,硼的浓度具有强烈的异质性,早期形成的蛇纹石替代橄榄石中的硼浓度较高,而网纹蛇纹石和韧皮辉石中的硼含量则低得多。晚期横切蛇纹石矿脉中的硼含量非常低。相比之下,在较粗尺度上进行的硼同位素测量结果却非常一致(平均值+11.9 ± 3.2 ‰, 1σ, n = 49)。我们认为,高硼蛇纹石反映了塞浦路斯俯冲板块脱水过程中产生的高硼浓度流体对早期普遍蛇纹石化过程的部分保存。随后的中低硼蛇纹石相则反映了低硼浓度陨石水的逐步再结晶和沥滤作用。
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引用次数: 0
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Geochemical Perspectives Letters
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