The 91st Congress took several preliminary steps toward improving its information handling and analysis support capabilities. Since the Congressional enviroment is very complex and the needs are significant and varied, the support services are complex in their inter-relationships and will be difficult to coordinate. Four systems and service concepts presented for consideration are (1) a general information and analysis service support, (2) an evaluation system, (3) a legislative transaction information system, and (4) a legal information processing and retrieval system.
{"title":"Toward better information and analysis support services for the congress","authors":"Kenneth W. Hunter","doi":"10.1145/800184.810478","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810478","url":null,"abstract":"The 91st Congress took several preliminary steps toward improving its information handling and analysis support capabilities. Since the Congressional enviroment is very complex and the needs are significant and varied, the support services are complex in their inter-relationships and will be difficult to coordinate. Four systems and service concepts presented for consideration are (1) a general information and analysis service support, (2) an evaluation system, (3) a legislative transaction information system, and (4) a legal information processing and retrieval system.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123127785","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper deals with the computer simulation of a golf course. Using GPSS, the model was constructed to find “ideal” spacing for the tee-off times and minimal waiting time at each hole as a function of number of players on the course. The long range implications of computer simulations of recreational facilities are discussed.
{"title":"Community recreation planning by computer simulation: Golf in GPSS","authors":"W. Tullar, Wayne F. Cascio","doi":"10.1145/800184.810490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810490","url":null,"abstract":"This paper deals with the computer simulation of a golf course. Using GPSS, the model was constructed to find “ideal” spacing for the tee-off times and minimal waiting time at each hole as a function of number of players on the course. The long range implications of computer simulations of recreational facilities are discussed.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116779743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. C. Lloyd, B. Brantley, W. Hammond, W. Stead, H. K. Thompson
Here is described an information system for the accumulation, storage, analysis, retrieval and output of medical data. Particular attention has been given to flexibility of input devices, and to readability of output. Primary emphasis has been on making the computer a more accessible tool to the physician.
{"title":"A generalized medical information system (GEMISCH) for practicing physicians","authors":"S. C. Lloyd, B. Brantley, W. Hammond, W. Stead, H. K. Thompson","doi":"10.1145/800184.810534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810534","url":null,"abstract":"Here is described an information system for the accumulation, storage, analysis, retrieval and output of medical data. Particular attention has been given to flexibility of input devices, and to readability of output. Primary emphasis has been on making the computer a more accessible tool to the physician.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117121543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Design of a tax simulation requires the selection of separable policy choices within an appropriate aggregative context. Simulation can be expedited by suitable presorting, file linkages, and phasing of program development.
{"title":"Simulation in a tax model","authors":"Roger F. Miller, M. David","doi":"10.1145/800184.810489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810489","url":null,"abstract":"Design of a tax simulation requires the selection of separable policy choices within an appropriate aggregative context. Simulation can be expedited by suitable presorting, file linkages, and phasing of program development.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120966667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blood gas analysis provides the physician with powerful tools for both diagnosis and patient management. It is technically and economically expedient to measure pH and the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide directly. Oxyhemoglobin saturation may then be calculated, and oxygen and carbon dioxide content and arteriovenous differences determined by computation if hemoglobin, hematocrit, and temperature are known. Although the necessary computational techniques are available, they are not commonly used in clinical practice. A computer program called BLOODGAS, which performs these calculations was written in basic FORTRAN IV for an XDS Sigma 3 computer. In addition to the calculations indicated above, it corrects the measured partial pressures for temperature. The oxyhemoglobin saturations which it computes are virtually indistinguishable from those of the standard oxy-hemoglobin dissociation curve. For example, the P50(7.4) of the standard curve is approximately 26.4 while that of the computed curve is 26.834. Its calculated values of carbon dioxide content compare favorably with values published in the literature.
{"title":"Computational augmentation of blood gas measurements","authors":"R. D. Yoder","doi":"10.1145/800184.810536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810536","url":null,"abstract":"Blood gas analysis provides the physician with powerful tools for both diagnosis and patient management. It is technically and economically expedient to measure pH and the partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide directly. Oxyhemoglobin saturation may then be calculated, and oxygen and carbon dioxide content and arteriovenous differences determined by computation if hemoglobin, hematocrit, and temperature are known. Although the necessary computational techniques are available, they are not commonly used in clinical practice.\u0000 A computer program called BLOODGAS, which performs these calculations was written in basic FORTRAN IV for an XDS Sigma 3 computer. In addition to the calculations indicated above, it corrects the measured partial pressures for temperature. The oxyhemoglobin saturations which it computes are virtually indistinguishable from those of the standard oxy-hemoglobin dissociation curve. For example, the P50(7.4) of the standard curve is approximately 26.4 while that of the computed curve is 26.834. Its calculated values of carbon dioxide content compare favorably with values published in the literature.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126639031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses limitations of programming aptitude tests. The use of multiple-choice type questions, the testwiseness of the college graduate group, and the inclusion of questions of mathematical information tend to diminish the effectiveness of such tests as predictors of success in business programming. Timed tests favor the faster worker over the slower one who is often more accurate and of equal or better logical capability. The usual criterion of a test's validity is itself often not valid as a simulation of the true criterion but is accepted as the equivalent of the criterion because of its measurability and its appearance of plausibility. Comparative results of various occupational groups on the author's Aptitude Assessment Battery: Programming test are analyzed based on the scores of more than 11,000 persons tested, including more than 2,700 persons with work experience in programming in 317 companies, institutions, and government agencies.
{"title":"Perspectives on testing for programming aptitude","authors":"J. M. Wolfe","doi":"10.1145/800184.810494","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810494","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses limitations of programming aptitude tests. The use of multiple-choice type questions, the testwiseness of the college graduate group, and the inclusion of questions of mathematical information tend to diminish the effectiveness of such tests as predictors of success in business programming. Timed tests favor the faster worker over the slower one who is often more accurate and of equal or better logical capability. The usual criterion of a test's validity is itself often not valid as a simulation of the true criterion but is accepted as the equivalent of the criterion because of its measurability and its appearance of plausibility. Comparative results of various occupational groups on the author's Aptitude Assessment Battery: Programming test are analyzed based on the scores of more than 11,000 persons tested, including more than 2,700 persons with work experience in programming in 317 companies, institutions, and government agencies.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122537032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Architects must willingly experiment with new techniques. We believe that the architect and computer, in partnership, is the best approach to reach this goal. The amount of available information has increased several fold over the past decade. At the same time, the architect's professional responsibility has become multidisciplinary. While it is impossible for him to be knowledgeable in all disciplines, he must see that all available information is considered and integrated into the design. It is here that the computer can help.
{"title":"Troika for architectural planning","authors":"C. D. Stewart, Kaiman Lee","doi":"10.1145/800184.810476","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810476","url":null,"abstract":"Architects must willingly experiment with new techniques. We believe that the architect and computer, in partnership, is the best approach to reach this goal. The amount of available information has increased several fold over the past decade. At the same time, the architect's professional responsibility has become multidisciplinary. While it is impossible for him to be knowledgeable in all disciplines, he must see that all available information is considered and integrated into the design. It is here that the computer can help.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"972 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116208698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An interactive computer-aided design system for kinematic analysis of mechanical linkages in three-dimensional space is described. The design system affords the designer a wide range of capabilities including the conceptual definition of a linkage by its linkage bodies, constraints, and loops, the visualization of a linkage by means of wire frame representations of linkage components, and the performance of position analyses of a linkage's motions. The system makes use of computer graphics in an inter-active environment to provide the output and visual displays which contribute to the comprehension and analyzation of a linkage. The system has been adapted to assist in the design of mechanical linkages with constraints and configurations particularly suitable for analysis under the present system's capabilities. This has proven to be a significant technological advancement over previous methods of designing a linkage in a production environment in which many manual drafting layouts were required to check out the operation and proper functioning of a given design.
{"title":"Computer-aided design of mechanical linkages","authors":"Victor Rappaport","doi":"10.1145/800184.810510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810510","url":null,"abstract":"An interactive computer-aided design system for kinematic analysis of mechanical linkages in three-dimensional space is described. The design system affords the designer a wide range of capabilities including the conceptual definition of a linkage by its linkage bodies, constraints, and loops, the visualization of a linkage by means of wire frame representations of linkage components, and the performance of position analyses of a linkage's motions. The system makes use of computer graphics in an inter-active environment to provide the output and visual displays which contribute to the comprehension and analyzation of a linkage. The system has been adapted to assist in the design of mechanical linkages with constraints and configurations particularly suitable for analysis under the present system's capabilities. This has proven to be a significant technological advancement over previous methods of designing a linkage in a production environment in which many manual drafting layouts were required to check out the operation and proper functioning of a given design.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126436394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Confidential data, pertaining to an identifiable individual or an identifiable small group of individuals, is extremely useful in social science research as well as in governmental administration and private business operations. It tends to be confidential because its full usefulness requires the ability to link the records of a particular decision unit together, despite disparate sources of the data. Both uses and abuses of such data are with us now, and the potential expansion of these requires more than technical “know how” to prevent errors and buggings if the expansion of uses is to be sufficiently greater than the expansion of abuses to justify any expansion at all. Legislation is needed and must control both uses and abuses (they tend to blend in any event). Among other things, such legislation should provide essential standards for file maintenance and disclosure, and provide that an individual be informed as to what identifiable data about him is on file, where it is, and why.
{"title":"Computers and privacy: What price analytic power?","authors":"Roger F. Miller","doi":"10.1145/800184.810537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810537","url":null,"abstract":"Confidential data, pertaining to an identifiable individual or an identifiable small group of individuals, is extremely useful in social science research as well as in governmental administration and private business operations. It tends to be confidential because its full usefulness requires the ability to link the records of a particular decision unit together, despite disparate sources of the data. Both uses and abuses of such data are with us now, and the potential expansion of these requires more than technical “know how” to prevent errors and buggings if the expansion of uses is to be sufficiently greater than the expansion of abuses to justify any expansion at all. Legislation is needed and must control both uses and abuses (they tend to blend in any event). Among other things, such legislation should provide essential standards for file maintenance and disclosure, and provide that an individual be informed as to what identifiable data about him is on file, where it is, and why.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133536711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The design of a pattern manipulation language, PIRL, is described here. PIRL can handle arbitrary, oriented patterns (i. e., subgraphs) of lists, nodes, numeric and Hollerith data on many levels of abstraction in a concise, legible manner. Patterns and lists may be inserted, retrieved, deleted, indexed, compared, named, intersected, united, and complemented. Pattern names may be referenced to a lower level of abstraction and pattern forms may be quantified. PIRL should be of considerable value in the solution of certain problems in information retrieval, linguistic analysis, scheduling simulation, and pattern recognition.
{"title":"PIRL—Pattern Information Retrieval Language—design of syntax","authors":"S. Berkowitz","doi":"10.1145/800184.810519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810519","url":null,"abstract":"The design of a pattern manipulation language, PIRL, is described here. PIRL can handle arbitrary, oriented patterns (i. e., subgraphs) of lists, nodes, numeric and Hollerith data on many levels of abstraction in a concise, legible manner. Patterns and lists may be inserted, retrieved, deleted, indexed, compared, named, intersected, united, and complemented. Pattern names may be referenced to a lower level of abstraction and pattern forms may be quantified. PIRL should be of considerable value in the solution of certain problems in information retrieval, linguistic analysis, scheduling simulation, and pattern recognition.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123893095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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