The Mixed Integer Programming Interface Subroutine System (MIPIS)* consists of a set of programs written to facilitate the implementation of most known MIP algorithms in a common system environment. This experimental system [3] makes no claim to overall (running time) efficiency since it utilizes the experimental, Fortran based linear programming (LP) code NYLPS (New York Scientific Center Linear programming System [7])* known to be less efficient than other commercially available LP codes (e.g. MPS/360, etc.) written in Assembly Language. NYLPS is an OS/360 extension of LPS/360 [8] which operates under DOS/360. The study and associated development of MIPIS was directed toward examining the manner in which MIP algorithms would be implemented, in a flexible environment, rather than toward implementing another MIP production code. It is hoped that this experiment will motivate designers to provide additional flexibility for building and extending the scope of future mathematical programming systems.
{"title":"Experimental implementations of mixed integer programming algorithms","authors":"M. Grigoriadis, L. Papayanopoulos, K. Spielberg","doi":"10.1145/800184.810498","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810498","url":null,"abstract":"The Mixed Integer Programming Interface Subroutine System (MIPIS)* consists of a set of programs written to facilitate the implementation of most known MIP algorithms in a common system environment. This experimental system [3] makes no claim to overall (running time) efficiency since it utilizes the experimental, Fortran based linear programming (LP) code NYLPS (New York Scientific Center Linear programming System [7])* known to be less efficient than other commercially available LP codes (e.g. MPS/360, etc.) written in Assembly Language. NYLPS is an OS/360 extension of LPS/360 [8] which operates under DOS/360.\u0000 The study and associated development of MIPIS was directed toward examining the manner in which MIP algorithms would be implemented, in a flexible environment, rather than toward implementing another MIP production code. It is hoped that this experiment will motivate designers to provide additional flexibility for building and extending the scope of future mathematical programming systems.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124322801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
LIS (Laboratory Implementation System) is a system for implementing experimental research designs in a computer-based behavioral science laboratory. The system is designed to support investigators in all phases of experiment development, from the initial conception, through prototype development, to data-gathering experimentation; the system design emphasis is on providing a rapid transition from initial specification to a prototype version that can be operationally reviewed and easily modified. LIS, as it currently operates, is a man-machine system which utilizes an “interaction machine,” an incremental assembler, and a pseudo-compiler. Interaction programs, compiled from an investigator's natural language description of his experiment, are in the form of transition matricies, which, when interpreted, produce an operational version of the experiment. The components of the system are described. Applications to design implementation, in areas other than behavioral science experimentation, are suggested.
{"title":"An implementation system for designing computer-based experiments","authors":"R. Meeker, G. Shure, A. Cooperband","doi":"10.1145/800184.810480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810480","url":null,"abstract":"LIS (Laboratory Implementation System) is a system for implementing experimental research designs in a computer-based behavioral science laboratory. The system is designed to support investigators in all phases of experiment development, from the initial conception, through prototype development, to data-gathering experimentation; the system design emphasis is on providing a rapid transition from initial specification to a prototype version that can be operationally reviewed and easily modified. LIS, as it currently operates, is a man-machine system which utilizes an “interaction machine,” an incremental assembler, and a pseudo-compiler. Interaction programs, compiled from an investigator's natural language description of his experiment, are in the form of transition matricies, which, when interpreted, produce an operational version of the experiment. The components of the system are described. Applications to design implementation, in areas other than behavioral science experimentation, are suggested.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"153 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123595694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Presented here is a paper on the “Design and Implementation of a Real Time (On Line) Information Storage and Retrieval System”. Guidance is given into the design and testing of a hashing function for a volatile set of alphanumeric keys. The interrelationship between the hashing function and the Information Storage and Retrieval (IS&R) System is examined with respect to design criteria. Finally the design of the IS&R System itself is presented in terms of an attempt to optimize the Input/Output (I/O) time versus disk and memory storage for a volatile set of records. Built into the IS&R System design is the flexibility to optimize the systems performance under both the ideal and worst case hashing function design or performance. Emphasis, in the design, is placed on the I/O time required in updating, or inquiring, the file for a matched record retrieval. The following techniques were combined to form the original IS&R System: data structures, directory (dictionary) concept, bit directories, link listing (chaining), hashing function, and minimization of disk head movement. The theory of the IS&R System is derived in general and is applicable to a variety of applications as long as the application possess the following requirements: a highly volatile set of records, a real time (or on line) retrieval requirement, difficulty in designing (or choosing) a hashing function due to the volatile set of keys, and heavy activity on updating, or inquiring, the file. Detailed algorithms of the system design are presented for this purpose.
{"title":"Design and Implementation of a Real Time Information Storage and Retrieval System","authors":"Steven J. Karpen","doi":"10.1145/800184.810471","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810471","url":null,"abstract":"Presented here is a paper on the “Design and Implementation of a Real Time (On Line) Information Storage and Retrieval System”. Guidance is given into the design and testing of a hashing function for a volatile set of alphanumeric keys. The interrelationship between the hashing function and the Information Storage and Retrieval (IS&R) System is examined with respect to design criteria. Finally the design of the IS&R System itself is presented in terms of an attempt to optimize the Input/Output (I/O) time versus disk and memory storage for a volatile set of records. Built into the IS&R System design is the flexibility to optimize the systems performance under both the ideal and worst case hashing function design or performance. Emphasis, in the design, is placed on the I/O time required in updating, or inquiring, the file for a matched record retrieval. The following techniques were combined to form the original IS&R System: data structures, directory (dictionary) concept, bit directories, link listing (chaining), hashing function, and minimization of disk head movement.\u0000 The theory of the IS&R System is derived in general and is applicable to a variety of applications as long as the application possess the following requirements: a highly volatile set of records, a real time (or on line) retrieval requirement, difficulty in designing (or choosing) a hashing function due to the volatile set of keys, and heavy activity on updating, or inquiring, the file. Detailed algorithms of the system design are presented for this purpose.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"33 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132317027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The computer specialist has changed drastically in the last two decades. With the initial installation of computers people were recruited from many walks of life to work with this new technology. There was little educational opportunities except courses by hardware manufacturers and technical manuals. The initial group therefore had to learn much by trial and error and there was emphasis on communications between specialists for the purpose of sharing experience. Slowly an organized body of knowledge has been emergiing so that courses, both formal and informal, may be offered in many computer techniques. Curriculums for training computer specialists have been developed so that today past-high school education leading to the degrees of Associate, Bachelor, Master, and Doctor can be earned in such fields as computer science, management information systems, data processing information science and others. Another force in the development of computer specialists has been the professional societies. While comparatively few actually belong to these organizations it is reasonable to state that their influence has been greater than only the numbers of members. Attendance at meetings where technical data is exchanged has been high. Readership of publications is also high. The importance of these non academic information exchanges can not be overlooked or underestimated.
{"title":"The impact of professionalization efforts on the computer manager (Panel)","authors":"M. Gotterer","doi":"10.1145/800184.810507","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810507","url":null,"abstract":"The computer specialist has changed drastically in the last two decades. With the initial installation of computers people were recruited from many walks of life to work with this new technology. There was little educational opportunities except courses by hardware manufacturers and technical manuals. The initial group therefore had to learn much by trial and error and there was emphasis on communications between specialists for the purpose of sharing experience. Slowly an organized body of knowledge has been emergiing so that courses, both formal and informal, may be offered in many computer techniques. Curriculums for training computer specialists have been developed so that today past-high school education leading to the degrees of Associate, Bachelor, Master, and Doctor can be earned in such fields as computer science, management information systems, data processing information science and others. Another force in the development of computer specialists has been the professional societies. While comparatively few actually belong to these organizations it is reasonable to state that their influence has been greater than only the numbers of members. Attendance at meetings where technical data is exchanged has been high. Readership of publications is also high. The importance of these non academic information exchanges can not be overlooked or underestimated.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116669469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes a scheme for iteratively improving the decomposition of a given matrix A into the product of two matrices B and C. Although B and C may be completely general matrices, the scheme is most practically applicable in the LU and QR decompositions of a matrix. The proposed scheme is first shown to improve perturbed L and U factors of a given matrix A. Next, it is shown that this process will allow for the solution of a badly conditioned system of linear equations when other methods, such as direct triangular decomposition, fail miserably. Finally even when a method such as direct triangular decomposition works, but iterative improvement of the initial solution must be made, the proposed scheme may achieve comparable results and prove to be more economical under certain conditions.
{"title":"Improving iterative improvement","authors":"E. Puccinelli","doi":"10.1145/800184.810539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810539","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a scheme for iteratively improving the decomposition of a given matrix A into the product of two matrices B and C. Although B and C may be completely general matrices, the scheme is most practically applicable in the LU and QR decompositions of a matrix. The proposed scheme is first shown to improve perturbed L and U factors of a given matrix A. Next, it is shown that this process will allow for the solution of a badly conditioned system of linear equations when other methods, such as direct triangular decomposition, fail miserably. Finally even when a method such as direct triangular decomposition works, but iterative improvement of the initial solution must be made, the proposed scheme may achieve comparable results and prove to be more economical under certain conditions.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124340209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A simulation model for a multiprogramming operating system has been devised and programmed in Simscript. Essential elements of the environment have been included such as job arrival rate, maximum number of jobs, the operating system overhead and peripheral and core allocation. Some allowances are made for time-sharing, as well as remote and normal batch jobs. The model is patterned basically after GECOS III, on the H-600 line computer. The hardware constraints considered when necessary are those of the H-635. Some results of the investigation are presented, such as lengths of various queues and also resource utilization on a typical installation.
{"title":"A simulation model of GECOS III","authors":"Kenneth E. Norland, W. Bulgren","doi":"10.1145/800184.810527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810527","url":null,"abstract":"A simulation model for a multiprogramming operating system has been devised and programmed in Simscript. Essential elements of the environment have been included such as job arrival rate, maximum number of jobs, the operating system overhead and peripheral and core allocation. Some allowances are made for time-sharing, as well as remote and normal batch jobs. The model is patterned basically after GECOS III, on the H-600 line computer. The hardware constraints considered when necessary are those of the H-635. Some results of the investigation are presented, such as lengths of various queues and also resource utilization on a typical installation.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134093723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Microprogramming—interpreted as implementing control logic in a high speed control memory of either the read-only or read-write type—cuts across the specialties of logic design and system architecture. Microprogramming is, therefore, a promising means for designing integrated hardware/software systems. Microprogramming has also proved to be a successful pedagogical tool for teaching computer science and system architecture. In this session we will address topics fundamental to microprogramming. The session will provide 1) a tutorial overview of the basic principles of microprogramming, 2) a state-of-art survey of the current microprogrammable computers, their characteristics, problems, and limitations, and 3) a survey of sscurrent and future applications.
{"title":"Microprogramming (Tutorial)","authors":"S. S. Husson","doi":"10.1145/800184.810501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810501","url":null,"abstract":"Microprogramming—interpreted as implementing control logic in a high speed control memory of either the read-only or read-write type—cuts across the specialties of logic design and system architecture. Microprogramming is, therefore, a promising means for designing integrated hardware/software systems. Microprogramming has also proved to be a successful pedagogical tool for teaching computer science and system architecture.\u0000 In this session we will address topics fundamental to microprogramming. The session will provide 1) a tutorial overview of the basic principles of microprogramming, 2) a state-of-art survey of the current microprogrammable computers, their characteristics, problems, and limitations, and 3) a survey of sscurrent and future applications.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132088940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Boeing has had considerable continuous experience in development of large computer aided design programs for aerospace vehicles and has encountered most of the development problems. This paper presents some of the techniques and ideas evolved by Boeing in dealing with the more prominent problems. Emphasis is placed on the use of higher level software, interprogram communications techniques, and good basic programming practices.
{"title":"Better techniques for developing large scale fortran programs","authors":"Lavern Ghan","doi":"10.1145/800184.810521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810521","url":null,"abstract":"Boeing has had considerable continuous experience in development of large computer aided design programs for aerospace vehicles and has encountered most of the development problems. This paper presents some of the techniques and ideas evolved by Boeing in dealing with the more prominent problems. Emphasis is placed on the use of higher level software, interprogram communications techniques, and good basic programming practices.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131550913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A centralized computer with high speed peripherals, mass storage and very flexible input/output ports provides eighteen remote laboratory terminals with real-time/time-share computer service. The EMR 6130 Computer with Sandia designed interfacing provides real-time response in research and development activities involving on-line data acquisition, analysis and display, and includes features which allow process control and equipment programming activities. The system supports a variety of component development activities and materials research and supplies the technical staff (scientists and component designers) with immediate response to data as it is acquired from experiment apparatus or test equipment. Such response allows experimenter interaction as the experiment progresses and provides timely acceptance or rejection with analog or statistical display of the data.
{"title":"A real-time/time-share computer in a research and development environment","authors":"C. D. Longerot, J. E. Marceau","doi":"10.1145/800184.810481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810481","url":null,"abstract":"A centralized computer with high speed peripherals, mass storage and very flexible input/output ports provides eighteen remote laboratory terminals with real-time/time-share computer service. The EMR 6130 Computer with Sandia designed interfacing provides real-time response in research and development activities involving on-line data acquisition, analysis and display, and includes features which allow process control and equipment programming activities. The system supports a variety of component development activities and materials research and supplies the technical staff (scientists and component designers) with immediate response to data as it is acquired from experiment apparatus or test equipment. Such response allows experimenter interaction as the experiment progresses and provides timely acceptance or rejection with analog or statistical display of the data.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131488198","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Datran System, a digital switched network, proposes to integrate electronic switching technology from the computer industry and digital technology of command and control systems with technology of microwave and optical transmission in both terrestrial and outer space. The selection of the proper elements from each of these technologies has been evolving over the last three years. As new technological opportunities appear they are evaluated and merged into the system if economically sound. The best interests of the user will be served by the integration of available technologies from a variety of sources.
{"title":"Digital communications technology (Tutorial)","authors":"E. A. Berg","doi":"10.1145/800184.810484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/800184.810484","url":null,"abstract":"The Datran System, a digital switched network, proposes to integrate electronic switching technology from the computer industry and digital technology of command and control systems with technology of microwave and optical transmission in both terrestrial and outer space. The selection of the proper elements from each of these technologies has been evolving over the last three years. As new technological opportunities appear they are evaluated and merged into the system if economically sound. The best interests of the user will be served by the integration of available technologies from a variety of sources.","PeriodicalId":126192,"journal":{"name":"ACM '71","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133489694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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