Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2023.2273043
Alina Niculescu, Gheorghe Bulubașa, George Ana, Ciprian Bucur, Maria Crăciun, Anisia Bornea
A hydrogen generator is used in the combined electrolysis catalytic exchange process (CECE) for low-level tritiated water detritiation as a source of H2 (Q2) for the liquid-phase catalytic exchange...
{"title":"Integration of a Micro-Channel Reactor in a CECE Process for H2 Removal from the O2 Stream Produced by the H2 Generator","authors":"Alina Niculescu, Gheorghe Bulubașa, George Ana, Ciprian Bucur, Maria Crăciun, Anisia Bornea","doi":"10.1080/15361055.2023.2273043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2023.2273043","url":null,"abstract":"A hydrogen generator is used in the combined electrolysis catalytic exchange process (CECE) for low-level tritiated water detritiation as a source of H2 (Q2) for the liquid-phase catalytic exchange...","PeriodicalId":12626,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Science and Technology","volume":"1528 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138519839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2023.2271242
Gheorghe Bulubasa, Alina Niculescu, George Ana, Ciprian Bucur, Iuliana Ștefan, Maria Crăciun, Anisia Bornea
Tritium resulting from separation processes is being stored in metal hydrides. In time, because of radioactive decay, tritium converts into 3He, which accumulates in the storage vessel. The recover...
{"title":"Investigations on 3He: Hydrogen Isotope Separation Employing Palladium/Silver Membranes","authors":"Gheorghe Bulubasa, Alina Niculescu, George Ana, Ciprian Bucur, Iuliana Ștefan, Maria Crăciun, Anisia Bornea","doi":"10.1080/15361055.2023.2271242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2023.2271242","url":null,"abstract":"Tritium resulting from separation processes is being stored in metal hydrides. In time, because of radioactive decay, tritium converts into 3He, which accumulates in the storage vessel. The recover...","PeriodicalId":12626,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Science and Technology","volume":"29 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138519827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AbstractSeveral fusion plants plan to utilize two high-temperature and high-pressurized water coolant systems. Because of the high hydrogen-isotope mobility in high-temperature metal, tritium will inevitably transfer from the plasma side to the secondary coolant through the primary coolant. From the viewpoints of fuel control, tritium safety, and social acceptance, it is compulsory to investigate the tritium concentration dependence of permeation phenomena experimentally. Therefore, this study conducted a protium permeation experiment instead of tritium, which mocked the situation where the tritium concentration in the primary loop was extremely high. Considering the results in the previous tritium permeation research by the present authors, the tritium permeation behavior was likely proportional to the first power of the tritium concentration. Then, based on these experiments and references regarding the tritium permeation rate and water detritiation system (WDS) design, tritium concentration was computed in both loops. In this calculation condition, the primary and secondary loops reached about 0.4 TBq/kg and 167 MBq/kg during 3-year operations, respectively. Also, it was found that the required feed rate to keep the tritium concentration at 1 TBq/kg was 46.5 kg/h, which is less than the existing WDS specification.Keywords: Tritium permeationprotium permeationwater to waterInconel 600water detritiation system Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by QST Research Collaboration for Fusion DEMO, JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) [JP22H01207], and JST SPRING, Grant Number [JPMJSP2136].
{"title":"Study on Tritium Permeation from the Primary to the Secondary Water Coolant for Fusion Reactors","authors":"Akito Ipponsugi, Kazunari Katayama, Taku Matsumoto, Shogo Iwata, Makoto Oya, Youji Someya","doi":"10.1080/15361055.2023.2271228","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2023.2271228","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractSeveral fusion plants plan to utilize two high-temperature and high-pressurized water coolant systems. Because of the high hydrogen-isotope mobility in high-temperature metal, tritium will inevitably transfer from the plasma side to the secondary coolant through the primary coolant. From the viewpoints of fuel control, tritium safety, and social acceptance, it is compulsory to investigate the tritium concentration dependence of permeation phenomena experimentally. Therefore, this study conducted a protium permeation experiment instead of tritium, which mocked the situation where the tritium concentration in the primary loop was extremely high. Considering the results in the previous tritium permeation research by the present authors, the tritium permeation behavior was likely proportional to the first power of the tritium concentration. Then, based on these experiments and references regarding the tritium permeation rate and water detritiation system (WDS) design, tritium concentration was computed in both loops. In this calculation condition, the primary and secondary loops reached about 0.4 TBq/kg and 167 MBq/kg during 3-year operations, respectively. Also, it was found that the required feed rate to keep the tritium concentration at 1 TBq/kg was 46.5 kg/h, which is less than the existing WDS specification.Keywords: Tritium permeationprotium permeationwater to waterInconel 600water detritiation system Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by QST Research Collaboration for Fusion DEMO, JSPS KAKENHI Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B) [JP22H01207], and JST SPRING, Grant Number [JPMJSP2136].","PeriodicalId":12626,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Science and Technology","volume":" 85","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-09DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2023.2272538
Jinwen Zhang, Wei Zhao, Zuowei Wen, Lei Feng, Li Zhao, Lingfeng Wei, Xiang Chen, Guoliang Yuan
AbstractRunaway electrons (REs) generated during disruptions pose a significant safety threat to tokamaks, as they can melt and damage the plasma-facing components (PFCs). Therefore, studying RE behavior is crucial for fusion devices. The interaction between REs and the first wall/PFCs results in the emission of high-energy X-rays, known as bremsstrahlung. To investigate RE behavior, it is necessary to quantitatively evaluate the emission of hard X-rays. A real-time hard X-ray spectrometer, utilizing a LaBr3 detector, has been successfully developed for studying REs on the HL-2M tokamak. This spectrometer has a counting rate capability reaching 3 MHz, with an energy resolution of 3.3% at 662 keV (137Cs). The time resolution for energy spectrums is as short as 1 ms. During the HL-2M discharge, observations were made on the hard X-ray energy spectrum, and by analyzing the spectrum within the energy range of 250 keV to 750 keV, the temperature of the corresponding REs was deduced.Keywords: HL-2M tokamakhard X-ray spectrometerLaBr3 detector AcknowledgmentsIt is a pleasure to acknowledge the assistance from the Neutron Flux Monitor team of the Southwestern Institute of Physics.Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThis work is supported by the National MCF Energy Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China [grant no. 2022YFE03080003].
{"title":"Hard X-ray Measurement with LaBr <sub>3</sub> Detector for the Study of Runaway Electrons on the HL-2M Tokamak","authors":"Jinwen Zhang, Wei Zhao, Zuowei Wen, Lei Feng, Li Zhao, Lingfeng Wei, Xiang Chen, Guoliang Yuan","doi":"10.1080/15361055.2023.2272538","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2023.2272538","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractRunaway electrons (REs) generated during disruptions pose a significant safety threat to tokamaks, as they can melt and damage the plasma-facing components (PFCs). Therefore, studying RE behavior is crucial for fusion devices. The interaction between REs and the first wall/PFCs results in the emission of high-energy X-rays, known as bremsstrahlung. To investigate RE behavior, it is necessary to quantitatively evaluate the emission of hard X-rays. A real-time hard X-ray spectrometer, utilizing a LaBr3 detector, has been successfully developed for studying REs on the HL-2M tokamak. This spectrometer has a counting rate capability reaching 3 MHz, with an energy resolution of 3.3% at 662 keV (137Cs). The time resolution for energy spectrums is as short as 1 ms. During the HL-2M discharge, observations were made on the hard X-ray energy spectrum, and by analyzing the spectrum within the energy range of 250 keV to 750 keV, the temperature of the corresponding REs was deduced.Keywords: HL-2M tokamakhard X-ray spectrometerLaBr3 detector AcknowledgmentsIt is a pleasure to acknowledge the assistance from the Neutron Flux Monitor team of the Southwestern Institute of Physics.Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Additional informationFundingThis work is supported by the National MCF Energy Research and Development Program of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China [grant no. 2022YFE03080003].","PeriodicalId":12626,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Science and Technology","volume":" 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135192187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2023.2271226
Haihong Huang, Zhao Chen, Haixin Wang
AbstractTo quickly output sufficient current for plasma excitation control, parallel operation of a structure of multiple branches is adopted in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) fast control power supply. During the process of parallel operation of multiple branches in engineering, a larger inductance current sharing reactor is used to suppress the circulating current for the branches, which reduces the dynamic response speed of the output current and increases economic costs. In order to achieve cost savings and improve the dynamic response speed of the output current, the parallel branch current model of the EAST fast control power supply is analyzed, and the current of each branch is reconstructed into two parts: the current flowing to the load end and the circulating current flowing to other branches. Without changing the circuit structure and increasing the additional complex communication system for each branch, observation of the current flowing to the load end from each branch is achieved. Based on the observed current, a super-twisting sliding mode controller (STSMC) is designed to suppress the circulating current flowing through branches. To realize fast output of the branch current and circulating current suppression for the branches, a new STSMC with a linear term and parameter adaptive structure is designed, speeding up the convergence rate of the whole control system. The linear term and designed parameter adaptive structure based on the sliding mode system status ensure fast convergence speed and excellent control performance of the system. Simulation and experiments show that the designed control method can achieve fast output current control for each branch and that the tracking performance of the total output current is good. While reducing the inductance of the current sharing reactor, the circulating current for the branches is effectively suppressed compared with traditional control methods. The proposed method has great significance in cost savings and performance improvement in engineering practice applications.Keywords: EAST fast control power supplyparallel operationnew super-twisting sliding mode controlcirculating current suppression Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Authors’ ContributionsChen and Huang wrote the main manuscript text, and Wang prepared other material. All authors reviewed the manuscript.Data Availability StatementThe data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China [number U22A20225].
{"title":"Current Tracking and Circulating Current Suppression Super-Twisting Sliding Mode Control for Parallel Operation of EAST Fast Control Power Supply","authors":"Haihong Huang, Zhao Chen, Haixin Wang","doi":"10.1080/15361055.2023.2271226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2023.2271226","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractTo quickly output sufficient current for plasma excitation control, parallel operation of a structure of multiple branches is adopted in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) fast control power supply. During the process of parallel operation of multiple branches in engineering, a larger inductance current sharing reactor is used to suppress the circulating current for the branches, which reduces the dynamic response speed of the output current and increases economic costs. In order to achieve cost savings and improve the dynamic response speed of the output current, the parallel branch current model of the EAST fast control power supply is analyzed, and the current of each branch is reconstructed into two parts: the current flowing to the load end and the circulating current flowing to other branches. Without changing the circuit structure and increasing the additional complex communication system for each branch, observation of the current flowing to the load end from each branch is achieved. Based on the observed current, a super-twisting sliding mode controller (STSMC) is designed to suppress the circulating current flowing through branches. To realize fast output of the branch current and circulating current suppression for the branches, a new STSMC with a linear term and parameter adaptive structure is designed, speeding up the convergence rate of the whole control system. The linear term and designed parameter adaptive structure based on the sliding mode system status ensure fast convergence speed and excellent control performance of the system. Simulation and experiments show that the designed control method can achieve fast output current control for each branch and that the tracking performance of the total output current is good. While reducing the inductance of the current sharing reactor, the circulating current for the branches is effectively suppressed compared with traditional control methods. The proposed method has great significance in cost savings and performance improvement in engineering practice applications.Keywords: EAST fast control power supplyparallel operationnew super-twisting sliding mode controlcirculating current suppression Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Authors’ ContributionsChen and Huang wrote the main manuscript text, and Wang prepared other material. All authors reviewed the manuscript.Data Availability StatementThe data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by Regional Innovation and Development Joint Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China [number U22A20225].","PeriodicalId":12626,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Science and Technology","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2023.2268405
T. E. Mason
This summer’s release of Oppenheimer, the major Hollywood movie by Christopher Nolan, has brought renewed attention to J. Robert Oppenheimer’s thoughts, concerns, and intentions regarding the U.S. pursuit of thermonuclear weapons. This paper provides context surrounding the 1949 recommendation of the Atomic Energy Commission’s General Advisory Committee, chaired by Oppenheimer, against a crash program for hydrogen bombs, a recommendation that would be used against him in the 1954 decision to revoke his security clearance. An appendix reproduces the April 5, 2022, letter from Los Alamos National Laboratory directors to the secretary of energy. In December 2022, Secretary of Energy Granholm vacated the original security review board decision.
今年夏天克里斯托弗·诺兰(Christopher Nolan)执导的好莱坞大片《奥本海默》(Oppenheimer)的上映，重新引起了人们对j·罗伯特·奥本海默(J. Robert Oppenheimer)对美国追求热核武器的想法、担忧和意图的关注。本文提供了1949年由奥本海默担任主席的原子能委员会总咨询委员会反对氢弹应急计划的建议的背景，该建议在1954年撤销他的安全许可的决定中被用来反对他。该报告的附录是洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室主任于2022年4月5日写给能源部长的信。2022年12月，能源部长格兰霍姆撤销了安全审查委员会最初的决定。
{"title":"Thoughts on the H-Bomb Decision, Oppenheimer’s Loyalty/Security Hearing, and Vacating of the AEC Decision","authors":"T. E. Mason","doi":"10.1080/15361055.2023.2268405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2023.2268405","url":null,"abstract":"This summer’s release of Oppenheimer, the major Hollywood movie by Christopher Nolan, has brought renewed attention to J. Robert Oppenheimer’s thoughts, concerns, and intentions regarding the U.S. pursuit of thermonuclear weapons. This paper provides context surrounding the 1949 recommendation of the Atomic Energy Commission’s General Advisory Committee, chaired by Oppenheimer, against a crash program for hydrogen bombs, a recommendation that would be used against him in the 1954 decision to revoke his security clearance. An appendix reproduces the April 5, 2022, letter from Los Alamos National Laboratory directors to the secretary of energy. In December 2022, Secretary of Energy Granholm vacated the original security review board decision.","PeriodicalId":12626,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Science and Technology","volume":"18 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135589404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-30DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2023.2260017
Jonathan I. Katz
{"title":"The First Calculation of Comptonization","authors":"Jonathan I. Katz","doi":"10.1080/15361055.2023.2260017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2023.2260017","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":12626,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Science and Technology","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136103012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2023.2258002
J. Northall, M. S. B. Darby, A. Cooper, A. Hollingsworth, Y. Zayachuk, A. Wohlers, A. Simons, H. Smith
AbstractAn experimental study of a synthesis technique in which deuterium ions are implanted into thin films of erbium to form erbium deuterides is presented. Results from thermal desorption spectroscopy indicate the synthesis of multiple hydride phases has occurred, including ErD3 and ErD2. The findings also indicate that, for erbium deuteride synthesis via ion beam bombardment, elevated substrate temperatures are not required to promote deuterium uptake in the film. Stoichiometries of up to ErD0.21 were achieved for a 400-nm film exposed to a 1000-eV ion beam for 5 h at a deuterium ion fluence of 3.6 × 1022 m−2. Over the tested experimental conditions, deuterium uptake was found to scale proportionally with deuterium ion fluence and ion energy. The presence of deuterium in the film was confirmed by secondary ion mass spectrometry.Keywords: Deuteriumerbiumion implantationmaterials science Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Data Availability StatementThe data sets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.Additional informationFundingThe authors did not receive support from any other organization for the submitted work.
{"title":"Synthesis of Erbium Deuterides via Deuterium Ion Implantation into Erbium Thin Films","authors":"J. Northall, M. S. B. Darby, A. Cooper, A. Hollingsworth, Y. Zayachuk, A. Wohlers, A. Simons, H. Smith","doi":"10.1080/15361055.2023.2258002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2023.2258002","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractAn experimental study of a synthesis technique in which deuterium ions are implanted into thin films of erbium to form erbium deuterides is presented. Results from thermal desorption spectroscopy indicate the synthesis of multiple hydride phases has occurred, including ErD3 and ErD2. The findings also indicate that, for erbium deuteride synthesis via ion beam bombardment, elevated substrate temperatures are not required to promote deuterium uptake in the film. Stoichiometries of up to ErD0.21 were achieved for a 400-nm film exposed to a 1000-eV ion beam for 5 h at a deuterium ion fluence of 3.6 × 1022 m−2. Over the tested experimental conditions, deuterium uptake was found to scale proportionally with deuterium ion fluence and ion energy. The presence of deuterium in the film was confirmed by secondary ion mass spectrometry.Keywords: Deuteriumerbiumion implantationmaterials science Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Data Availability StatementThe data sets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.Additional informationFundingThe authors did not receive support from any other organization for the submitted work.","PeriodicalId":12626,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Science and Technology","volume":"70 12","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136377319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-24DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2023.2259238
Claudia Bogdan, Sebastian Brad, Horia Necula, Oleksandr Sirosh, Catalin Brill, Mihai Vijulie, Alin Lazar, Aleksandr Grafov
AbstractThe following properties are needed to increase the efficiency of refrigeration, liquefaction, and cryogenic separation cycles: Heat exchangers must have high effectiveness doubled by high compactness; small temperature differences between incoming and outgoing flows must be ensured to increase efficiency; there must be a large heat transfer surface, relative to the volume of the heat exchanger, to minimize heat loss; there must be a high heat transfer rate to reduce the transfer area; there must be a small pressure drop to reduce compression costs; and there must be high reliability with minimal maintenance. All these properties are entirely fulfilled by the designed matrix heat exchangers (MHEs). This paper presents the results of the research program developed by the team of the Cryogenic Laboratory from INC-DTCI ICSI Ramnicu Valcea, which included procedural stages of the realization and preliminary results of the characterization of the MHE-type heat exchanger in a narrow range of values to achieve a proper solution for a heat exchanger to be used for cryogenic purposes, such as cooling the gas mixture at the entrance of a distillation column of hydrogen isotopes and running at low pressure (typically regimes of 0.5 to 2.0 bars) and flows. Within several experimental campaigns, different assembly and testing techniques of the matrix heat exchanger (MHE) prototype were performed to achieve numerical data for the temperature and pressure drops along the heat exchanger and to verify ANSYS Fluent numerical simulation results. The results showed that for the designed and tested MHE prototype, a temperature drop of up to almost 230 K can be obtained at the established parameters correlated with pressure losses within a few millibars (the maximum recorded pressure drop is 80 mbars), small dimensions (64 mm high), and accessible weight (up to 2000 g).Keywords: Cryogenic distillationhydrogen isotopesheat transfermatrix heat exchangers Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was carried out through the “Nucleu” Program [contract number 9N/2019], developed with the support of the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization [project number PN 19 11 01 04]—“Innovative CECE Process Solution for Promoting a New Decontamination Technology of Liquid Waste Poorly Concentrated in Tritium and for Recovery of Deuterium.”
{"title":"Design, Fabrication, and Test of a Prototype of Matrix Heat Exchanger for Cryogenic Distillation of Hydrogen Isotopes","authors":"Claudia Bogdan, Sebastian Brad, Horia Necula, Oleksandr Sirosh, Catalin Brill, Mihai Vijulie, Alin Lazar, Aleksandr Grafov","doi":"10.1080/15361055.2023.2259238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2023.2259238","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractThe following properties are needed to increase the efficiency of refrigeration, liquefaction, and cryogenic separation cycles: Heat exchangers must have high effectiveness doubled by high compactness; small temperature differences between incoming and outgoing flows must be ensured to increase efficiency; there must be a large heat transfer surface, relative to the volume of the heat exchanger, to minimize heat loss; there must be a high heat transfer rate to reduce the transfer area; there must be a small pressure drop to reduce compression costs; and there must be high reliability with minimal maintenance. All these properties are entirely fulfilled by the designed matrix heat exchangers (MHEs). This paper presents the results of the research program developed by the team of the Cryogenic Laboratory from INC-DTCI ICSI Ramnicu Valcea, which included procedural stages of the realization and preliminary results of the characterization of the MHE-type heat exchanger in a narrow range of values to achieve a proper solution for a heat exchanger to be used for cryogenic purposes, such as cooling the gas mixture at the entrance of a distillation column of hydrogen isotopes and running at low pressure (typically regimes of 0.5 to 2.0 bars) and flows. Within several experimental campaigns, different assembly and testing techniques of the matrix heat exchanger (MHE) prototype were performed to achieve numerical data for the temperature and pressure drops along the heat exchanger and to verify ANSYS Fluent numerical simulation results. The results showed that for the designed and tested MHE prototype, a temperature drop of up to almost 230 K can be obtained at the established parameters correlated with pressure losses within a few millibars (the maximum recorded pressure drop is 80 mbars), small dimensions (64 mm high), and accessible weight (up to 2000 g).Keywords: Cryogenic distillationhydrogen isotopesheat transfermatrix heat exchangers Disclosure StatementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was carried out through the “Nucleu” Program [contract number 9N/2019], developed with the support of the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitalization [project number PN 19 11 01 04]—“Innovative CECE Process Solution for Promoting a New Decontamination Technology of Liquid Waste Poorly Concentrated in Tritium and for Recovery of Deuterium.”","PeriodicalId":12626,"journal":{"name":"Fusion Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135315627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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