Pub Date : 2014-12-01DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2014.7062479
Arfah Ahmad, Mohd Rizal Ahmad Saroni, Intan Azmira Wan Abdul Razak, Suziana Ahmad
Grounding of electrical installation is primarily concern with ensuring safety. The main purpose of grounding is to channel the fault current straightly to earth. To produce a good grounding system, the value of earth resistance must be reduce as low as possible. Otherwise, current may flow through to those who touch the damage electrical equipment instead of flowing through grounding system. In this project, a variety diameter of copper rod and galvanized iron rod were installed to build grounding system. The aim of this project is to find if there exists significance difference in the value of resistance when different diameter and different type of rod were used. Single rod testing and parallel rod testing were performed with fall of potential method to measure the value of earth resistance. Result shows that different types of rod with different diameter size produce different resistivity value which also depends on installation technique and soil condition.
{"title":"A case study on ground resistance based on copper electrode vs. galvanized iron electrode","authors":"Arfah Ahmad, Mohd Rizal Ahmad Saroni, Intan Azmira Wan Abdul Razak, Suziana Ahmad","doi":"10.1109/PECON.2014.7062479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECON.2014.7062479","url":null,"abstract":"Grounding of electrical installation is primarily concern with ensuring safety. The main purpose of grounding is to channel the fault current straightly to earth. To produce a good grounding system, the value of earth resistance must be reduce as low as possible. Otherwise, current may flow through to those who touch the damage electrical equipment instead of flowing through grounding system. In this project, a variety diameter of copper rod and galvanized iron rod were installed to build grounding system. The aim of this project is to find if there exists significance difference in the value of resistance when different diameter and different type of rod were used. Single rod testing and parallel rod testing were performed with fall of potential method to measure the value of earth resistance. Result shows that different types of rod with different diameter size produce different resistivity value which also depends on installation technique and soil condition.","PeriodicalId":126366,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115015985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-17DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2014.7062427
Y. Arief, Mohd Hafizi Ahmad, K. Y. Lau, N. Muhamad, N. Bashir, N. K. Mohd, Lim Wen Huey, Yeong Shoon Kiat, S. A. Azli
Transformer oil is commonly used in electrical insulation, cooling and lubrication of sliding components. There are many factors that negatively affect the electrical insulation properties of power transformers in its operation. Due to the increasing need to replace the petroleum-based mineral oil, there is an interest in replacing the oil with biodegradable vegetative-based oil. The properties of alternative oils that can be used to replace the existing mineral oil are described. Firstly, the vegetable oil was analyzed using computational simulation to investigate the dielectric characteristic and compared to the existing mineral oil. Then, a comparative experimental study concerning the ageing of vegetative-based oil, namely palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) and FR3 by comparing them with the commercially available mineral oil was conducted. Several important properties such as breakdown voltage, the dielectric dissipation factor (tan d) and the capacitance of PFAE and FR3 oils have been measured. Varying ageing time have been applied during experimental process. Based on the experimental results, both oils show higher breakdown voltage compared to the mineral oil. In addition, both of the vegetative-based oils have lower value of dielectric dissipation factor and higher value of capacitance. Therefore, both oils are good insulating oils for transformer applications.
{"title":"A comparative study on the effect of electrical ageing on electrical properties of palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) and FR3 as dielectric materials","authors":"Y. Arief, Mohd Hafizi Ahmad, K. Y. Lau, N. Muhamad, N. Bashir, N. K. Mohd, Lim Wen Huey, Yeong Shoon Kiat, S. A. Azli","doi":"10.1109/PECON.2014.7062427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECON.2014.7062427","url":null,"abstract":"Transformer oil is commonly used in electrical insulation, cooling and lubrication of sliding components. There are many factors that negatively affect the electrical insulation properties of power transformers in its operation. Due to the increasing need to replace the petroleum-based mineral oil, there is an interest in replacing the oil with biodegradable vegetative-based oil. The properties of alternative oils that can be used to replace the existing mineral oil are described. Firstly, the vegetable oil was analyzed using computational simulation to investigate the dielectric characteristic and compared to the existing mineral oil. Then, a comparative experimental study concerning the ageing of vegetative-based oil, namely palm fatty acid ester (PFAE) and FR3 by comparing them with the commercially available mineral oil was conducted. Several important properties such as breakdown voltage, the dielectric dissipation factor (tan d) and the capacitance of PFAE and FR3 oils have been measured. Varying ageing time have been applied during experimental process. Based on the experimental results, both oils show higher breakdown voltage compared to the mineral oil. In addition, both of the vegetative-based oils have lower value of dielectric dissipation factor and higher value of capacitance. Therefore, both oils are good insulating oils for transformer applications.","PeriodicalId":126366,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122447850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-17DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2014.7062432
W. Ai, H. Shareef, A. A. Ibrahim, A. Mohamed
This paper presents the application of binary firefly algorithm (BFA) in obtaining the optimal location of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in photovoltaic generation integrated radial distribution network in order to mitigate the voltage rise problem. The optimization process aims to obtain the optimal location by minimizing the voltage deviation of the PVDG bus. A BESS placement (BP) vector is used in deciding the location of BESS in each optimization and the optimization process is repeated in order to obtain the optimal BESS location. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by applying the algorithm to the 69-bus distribution system and the result shows that BFA is efficient in obtaining the optimal placement of BESS.
{"title":"Optimal battery placement in photovoltaic based distributed generation using binary firefly algorithm for voltage rise mitigation","authors":"W. Ai, H. Shareef, A. A. Ibrahim, A. Mohamed","doi":"10.1109/PECON.2014.7062432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECON.2014.7062432","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the application of binary firefly algorithm (BFA) in obtaining the optimal location of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in photovoltaic generation integrated radial distribution network in order to mitigate the voltage rise problem. The optimization process aims to obtain the optimal location by minimizing the voltage deviation of the PVDG bus. A BESS placement (BP) vector is used in deciding the location of BESS in each optimization and the optimization process is repeated in order to obtain the optimal BESS location. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated by applying the algorithm to the 69-bus distribution system and the result shows that BFA is efficient in obtaining the optimal placement of BESS.","PeriodicalId":126366,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128201730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-17DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2014.7062470
A. Idris, R. Baharom, N. R. Hamzah, M. K. Hamzah, M. K. Mohd Salleh
This paper presents the performance comparison between Hysteresis Current Control and Proportional Integral control techniques, used in Current Control Loop as a power factor correction for AC-DC converter using single phase matrix converter-fed permanent magnet DC motor. Conventional controlled rectifier often incurs non-sinusoidal supply current waveform with high harmonics content, which contributes to high total harmonic distortion level and low power factor of the power supply system. The use of Hysteresis Current Control and Proportional Integral control techniques in Current Control Loop for power factor correction function has been proven to achieve high power factor and low total harmonic distortion level. Comparison based on their performance on reducing the total harmonic distortion level and on improving the power factor of the supply current is reported. Experimental work and results using laboratory test-rig are presented to verify the proposed operations.
{"title":"Studies on performance of Proportional Integral and Hysteresis Control in Current Control Loop for ACDC converter using SPMC fed PMDC Motor","authors":"A. Idris, R. Baharom, N. R. Hamzah, M. K. Hamzah, M. K. Mohd Salleh","doi":"10.1109/PECON.2014.7062470","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECON.2014.7062470","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the performance comparison between Hysteresis Current Control and Proportional Integral control techniques, used in Current Control Loop as a power factor correction for AC-DC converter using single phase matrix converter-fed permanent magnet DC motor. Conventional controlled rectifier often incurs non-sinusoidal supply current waveform with high harmonics content, which contributes to high total harmonic distortion level and low power factor of the power supply system. The use of Hysteresis Current Control and Proportional Integral control techniques in Current Control Loop for power factor correction function has been proven to achieve high power factor and low total harmonic distortion level. Comparison based on their performance on reducing the total harmonic distortion level and on improving the power factor of the supply current is reported. Experimental work and results using laboratory test-rig are presented to verify the proposed operations.","PeriodicalId":126366,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133514916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-17DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2014.7062445
Goh Tian Hock, G. C. Hock, Sura Fawzi Ghafil, C. Chakrabarty, Rafidah Ismail
WLAN network is the most popular wireless network used for various electronic devices to exchange data. Electronic devices such as smart phone, laptop, printer, digital camera and smart TV are using the Wi-Fi antenna to exchange data wirelessly. However most of the Wi-Fi antenna is isotropic antennas which transmit and receive Wi-Fi signal omnidirectional. According to current IEEE 802.11n standard, omnidirectional Wi-Fi antenna has limitation to reach 250m maximum due to its low directivity. In this paper, a Quasi-Yagi antenna has been built to enhance antenna gain and directivity.
{"title":"A modified dipole Quasi-Yagi antenna to increase directivity and gain for WLAN application","authors":"Goh Tian Hock, G. C. Hock, Sura Fawzi Ghafil, C. Chakrabarty, Rafidah Ismail","doi":"10.1109/PECON.2014.7062445","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECON.2014.7062445","url":null,"abstract":"WLAN network is the most popular wireless network used for various electronic devices to exchange data. Electronic devices such as smart phone, laptop, printer, digital camera and smart TV are using the Wi-Fi antenna to exchange data wirelessly. However most of the Wi-Fi antenna is isotropic antennas which transmit and receive Wi-Fi signal omnidirectional. According to current IEEE 802.11n standard, omnidirectional Wi-Fi antenna has limitation to reach 250m maximum due to its low directivity. In this paper, a Quasi-Yagi antenna has been built to enhance antenna gain and directivity.","PeriodicalId":126366,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115891560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-17DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2014.7062442
N. Dahlan, A. Ibrahim, M. F. Rajemi, M. Nawi, F. Baharum
Although Malaysia is blessed with plenty of fossil fuel and natural resources, but the amount of fossil fuels is now depleting. This has led Malaysia to find other alternative resources to generate electricity to meet the demand. Some possible options are: 1) Coal, however this leads to the dependency on imported coal and increases gas carbon emission, 2) Renewable energy (RE), however, the resources are interruptible and expensive, 3) Nuclear power plant, however the recent Fukushima incident and the public acceptance are the major consideration. Despite the nuclear safety that should not be compromised, nuclear power plant has many advantages over fossil fuel power plants. Nuclear power plant produces less CO2 emission, cheaper levelized cost than coal and gas power plants and can operate continuously for long hours. Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water Malaysia (KETTHA) targets the energy from nuclear in Malaysia will be 17.8% of total generation mix in 2030. This paper studies the impact of nuclear power plant on Malaysia's power system in 2030, in term of cost, CO2 emission and power system reliability. Two scenarios have been considered and compared; 1) Existing generation mix as in 2013, 2) Generation mix with nuclear as targeted by KETTHA in 2030. Results show that the generation mix with nuclear power plants has lower operation and investment cost, lower CO2 emission and higher system reliability.
{"title":"Analysis of the impact of nuclear power plant on Malaysia's power systems: Costs, CO2 emission and system reliability","authors":"N. Dahlan, A. Ibrahim, M. F. Rajemi, M. Nawi, F. Baharum","doi":"10.1109/PECON.2014.7062442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECON.2014.7062442","url":null,"abstract":"Although Malaysia is blessed with plenty of fossil fuel and natural resources, but the amount of fossil fuels is now depleting. This has led Malaysia to find other alternative resources to generate electricity to meet the demand. Some possible options are: 1) Coal, however this leads to the dependency on imported coal and increases gas carbon emission, 2) Renewable energy (RE), however, the resources are interruptible and expensive, 3) Nuclear power plant, however the recent Fukushima incident and the public acceptance are the major consideration. Despite the nuclear safety that should not be compromised, nuclear power plant has many advantages over fossil fuel power plants. Nuclear power plant produces less CO2 emission, cheaper levelized cost than coal and gas power plants and can operate continuously for long hours. Ministry of Energy, Green Technology and Water Malaysia (KETTHA) targets the energy from nuclear in Malaysia will be 17.8% of total generation mix in 2030. This paper studies the impact of nuclear power plant on Malaysia's power system in 2030, in term of cost, CO2 emission and power system reliability. Two scenarios have been considered and compared; 1) Existing generation mix as in 2013, 2) Generation mix with nuclear as targeted by KETTHA in 2030. Results show that the generation mix with nuclear power plants has lower operation and investment cost, lower CO2 emission and higher system reliability.","PeriodicalId":126366,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"256 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114358687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-17DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2014.7062459
B. H. Yong, V. Ramachandaramurthy
Renewable energy plays a significant part in the power generation revolution in line with the future smart grid focus. In Malaysia, one of the largest, clean and green energy produced is the solar PV energy. With obvious increase of penetration by renewable energies especially solar energy, in years to come the grid system is capable to self-sustain as micro grid without heavily depending from fossil fuel source. As the power flow will no longer be a one-way route generation, power quality issues arises from these interconnection can be very damaging to the grid and distribution assets if not handled well especially on harmonic issues. This paper presents the implementation of Double-Tuned filter for harmonic attenuation in a test case grid model. The design of the proposed filters is validated by simulation results in PSCAD software. The results show that the improved design meets the standards parallel to the THD and individual harmonic limits.
{"title":"Double Tuned filter design for harmonic mitigation in grid connected solar PV","authors":"B. H. Yong, V. Ramachandaramurthy","doi":"10.1109/PECON.2014.7062459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECON.2014.7062459","url":null,"abstract":"Renewable energy plays a significant part in the power generation revolution in line with the future smart grid focus. In Malaysia, one of the largest, clean and green energy produced is the solar PV energy. With obvious increase of penetration by renewable energies especially solar energy, in years to come the grid system is capable to self-sustain as micro grid without heavily depending from fossil fuel source. As the power flow will no longer be a one-way route generation, power quality issues arises from these interconnection can be very damaging to the grid and distribution assets if not handled well especially on harmonic issues. This paper presents the implementation of Double-Tuned filter for harmonic attenuation in a test case grid model. The design of the proposed filters is validated by simulation results in PSCAD software. The results show that the improved design meets the standards parallel to the THD and individual harmonic limits.","PeriodicalId":126366,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123595429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-17DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2014.7062440
Z. A. Kamaruzzaman, A. Mohamed
This paper analyses the impact of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system on static voltage stability using IEEE 30-bus test system. The impact of integrating PV generator into power system was determined. Various penetration PV level and PV generator locations are thoroughly studied using P-V curve and improved voltage stability index (IVSI-index). P-V curve results show that the presence of PV generator improves the loading margin and voltage magnitude of a system. Simulation results of the IVSI-index show that integrating PV generator in low voltage (LV) region improves voltage stability limit though higher PV penetration level has negative impact on the system voltage stability.
{"title":"Impact of grid-connected photovoltaic generator using P-V curve and improved voltage stability index","authors":"Z. A. Kamaruzzaman, A. Mohamed","doi":"10.1109/PECON.2014.7062440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECON.2014.7062440","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyses the impact of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system on static voltage stability using IEEE 30-bus test system. The impact of integrating PV generator into power system was determined. Various penetration PV level and PV generator locations are thoroughly studied using P-V curve and improved voltage stability index (IVSI-index). P-V curve results show that the presence of PV generator improves the loading margin and voltage magnitude of a system. Simulation results of the IVSI-index show that integrating PV generator in low voltage (LV) region improves voltage stability limit though higher PV penetration level has negative impact on the system voltage stability.","PeriodicalId":126366,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129002273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-17DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2014.7062472
Nur Najihah Abu Bakar, M. Y. Hassan, H. Abdullah, H. A. Rahman, M. Abdullah, F. Hussin, M. Bandi
Energy can be reused or saved instead of simply wasted by implementing strategic planning. In commercial building, energy consumption varies due to various factors such as building design, climate, load usage, type of electrical appliances, and management. Since each room in a building is designed to accommodate certain number of occupant, the room capacity is also considered as one of the factors that affect energy consumption. However, by placing inappropriate number of occupants in a room, the optimum use of energy cannot be achieved. For an example, energy may be wasted if the room that is designed for 200 occupants is only occupied by 98 people. In response to this concern, energy saving can be made by shifting or reconfiguring the number of occupant to make more suitable room. This strategy is called as a class shifting method. It can minimize electricity usage by simply shifting occupants into an appropriate room which is design nearly for that amount of capacity. This paper presents evaluation on class shifting strategy in term of its ability in reducing energy consumption. The study was conducted on selected building in Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) by using Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) reading as a baseline in determining how much energy is being wasted as well as being saved. The result from the application of shifting method showed a significant number of energy saving that can be made.
{"title":"Identification building energy saving using Energy Efficiency Index approach","authors":"Nur Najihah Abu Bakar, M. Y. Hassan, H. Abdullah, H. A. Rahman, M. Abdullah, F. Hussin, M. Bandi","doi":"10.1109/PECON.2014.7062472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECON.2014.7062472","url":null,"abstract":"Energy can be reused or saved instead of simply wasted by implementing strategic planning. In commercial building, energy consumption varies due to various factors such as building design, climate, load usage, type of electrical appliances, and management. Since each room in a building is designed to accommodate certain number of occupant, the room capacity is also considered as one of the factors that affect energy consumption. However, by placing inappropriate number of occupants in a room, the optimum use of energy cannot be achieved. For an example, energy may be wasted if the room that is designed for 200 occupants is only occupied by 98 people. In response to this concern, energy saving can be made by shifting or reconfiguring the number of occupant to make more suitable room. This strategy is called as a class shifting method. It can minimize electricity usage by simply shifting occupants into an appropriate room which is design nearly for that amount of capacity. This paper presents evaluation on class shifting strategy in term of its ability in reducing energy consumption. The study was conducted on selected building in Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) by using Energy Efficiency Index (EEI) reading as a baseline in determining how much energy is being wasted as well as being saved. The result from the application of shifting method showed a significant number of energy saving that can be made.","PeriodicalId":126366,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126681637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-03-17DOI: 10.1109/PECON.2014.7062441
D. Buba, W. Ahmad, M. A. Kadir, Chandima Gomes, J. Jasni, M. Osman
Energization current is a fundamental consideration in designing of distribution substation earth grid. Arbitrary choice of energization current in earth grid design process may lead to technical and economic implications resulting in underestimated or overestimated designs. In this paper, a distribution substation earth grid was designed using SESCAD and executed in MALT module of CDEGS. The energization current was varied by 100, 75, 50 and 25% of the short circuit current available at the secondary terminals of the upstream transformer to determine the impact on safety criteria of the earth grid. Results indicated that, the EPR for 100% fault current was higher, whereas the step and touch voltages were lower. Also, compared to the other cases of short circuit currents, there was no difference in step and touch voltages when the energization currents were varied at 75, 50 and 25%.
{"title":"Impact of energization current on the safe design of distribution substation earth grid","authors":"D. Buba, W. Ahmad, M. A. Kadir, Chandima Gomes, J. Jasni, M. Osman","doi":"10.1109/PECON.2014.7062441","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PECON.2014.7062441","url":null,"abstract":"Energization current is a fundamental consideration in designing of distribution substation earth grid. Arbitrary choice of energization current in earth grid design process may lead to technical and economic implications resulting in underestimated or overestimated designs. In this paper, a distribution substation earth grid was designed using SESCAD and executed in MALT module of CDEGS. The energization current was varied by 100, 75, 50 and 25% of the short circuit current available at the secondary terminals of the upstream transformer to determine the impact on safety criteria of the earth grid. Results indicated that, the EPR for 100% fault current was higher, whereas the step and touch voltages were lower. Also, compared to the other cases of short circuit currents, there was no difference in step and touch voltages when the energization currents were varied at 75, 50 and 25%.","PeriodicalId":126366,"journal":{"name":"2014 IEEE International Conference on Power and Energy (PECon)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122548249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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