Exposure to PM2.5 triggers changes in myocardial structure and function, leading to a decline in the ability of heart to withstand further oxidative stress. This manuscript addresses the absence of a endogenous agent capable of counteracting the cardiac toxicity associated with PM2.5 exposure. Consequently, we investigated the potential of sodium thiosulfate (STS) to elevate thiosulfate levels, given its known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, metal chelation, and mitochondrial preservation properties, in order to mitigate PM2.5 induced cardiac damage.
Methods
Female Wistar rats were exposed to PM2.5 (250 μg/m3) for 3 hours daily for 21 days, after which their hearts were excised and mounted on Langendorff apparatus for ischemia-reperfusion (IR) induction. We implemented both preventive and curative investigation protocols for STS: the preventive group received STS thrice weekly for 3 weeks during the exposure regimen, while the curative group received STS after 21 days of PM2.5 exposure for 3 weeks (thrice per week).
Results
Treatment with STS exhibited cardioprotective potential against the detrimental effects of PM2.5 exposure, as evidenced by improved cardiac hemodynamic performance, reduced tissue damage, attenuation of structural remodeling associated with hypertrophy and fibrosis, and a significant reduction in metal deposition. Moreover, it demonstrated an ability to enhance the resilience against IR. Cellular and subcellular level analyses revealed improved mitochondrial function. The protective efficacy of STS was more significant when administered as a preventive measure compared to its curative application.
Conclusion
In summary, our results indicate that STS effectively alleviates PM2.5-induced toxicity due to its antioxidative, metal-chelating, and preservation of mitochondrial function capabilities.
{"title":"Sodium thiosulfate mitigates PM2.5-induced cardiotoxicity by preservation of mitochondrial function","authors":"Bhavana Sivakumar, Gino A. Kurian","doi":"10.1111/fcp.70010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fcp.70010","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Exposure to PM<sub>2.5</sub> triggers changes in myocardial structure and function, leading to a decline in the ability of heart to withstand further oxidative stress. This manuscript addresses the absence of a endogenous agent capable of counteracting the cardiac toxicity associated with PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure. Consequently, we investigated the potential of sodium thiosulfate (STS) to elevate thiosulfate levels, given its known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, metal chelation, and mitochondrial preservation properties, in order to mitigate PM<sub>2.5</sub> induced cardiac damage.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Female Wistar rats were exposed to PM<sub>2.5</sub> (250 μg/m<sup>3</sup>) for 3 hours daily for 21 days, after which their hearts were excised and mounted on Langendorff apparatus for ischemia-reperfusion (IR) induction. We implemented both preventive and curative investigation protocols for STS: the preventive group received STS thrice weekly for 3 weeks during the exposure regimen, while the curative group received STS after 21 days of PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure for 3 weeks (thrice per week).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Treatment with STS exhibited cardioprotective potential against the detrimental effects of PM<sub>2.5</sub> exposure, as evidenced by improved cardiac hemodynamic performance, reduced tissue damage, attenuation of structural remodeling associated with hypertrophy and fibrosis, and a significant reduction in metal deposition. Moreover, it demonstrated an ability to enhance the resilience against IR. Cellular and subcellular level analyses revealed improved mitochondrial function. The protective efficacy of STS was more significant when administered as a preventive measure compared to its curative application.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In summary, our results indicate that STS effectively alleviates PM<sub>2.5</sub>-induced toxicity due to its antioxidative, metal-chelating, and preservation of mitochondrial function capabilities.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12657,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143884182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP9, play a significant role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, mainly by extracellular matrix remodeling. However, little is known about MMP9 role in aberrant crypt foci (ACF) cluster formation, the earliest colon preneoplastic lesions.
Aims and methods
We conducted a bioinformatics analysis of MMPs expression in CRC using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis2 (GEPIA2). Subsequently, we investigated MMP9 expression during the early stage of colon carcinogenesis in mice and assessed the effect of doxycycline (DOX), a global inhibitor of MMPs, on ACF cluster formation. Thus, NMRI mice received two weekly injections of 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 20 mg/kg, subcutaneously), followed or not by DOX (100 mg/kg, orally, from the 4th to the 6th week).
Results
GEPIA2 analysis indicated that among the 28 identified MMPs with collagenase and doxycycline-sensitive activities, MMPs 1, 3, 7, 9, and 13 were overexpressed in CRC tissues. Moreover, only MMP1 and MMP9 correlated well with collagen expression in colorectal tumors. In vivo, methylene blue-stained DMH-treated colons revealed multiple ACF clusters at week 6, associated with mucosa remodeling and sustained nitrosative stress as attested by enhanced collagen fibers, malondialdehyde level, and nitrotyrosine deposits. Pyrosequencing showed increased methylation at the tenth CpG site of the MMP9 promoter, which was associated with increased MMP9 expression. Interestingly, DOX attenuated the number and size of ACF clusters and mucosa remodeling without rebalancing nitrosative stress.
Conclusion
Overexpression of MMP9 occurs early during colorectal carcinogenesis, and doxycycline may control the pathological remodeling of colon mucosa into ACF clusters by attenuating MMP9 activity.
{"title":"Matrix metalloproteinase 9 implication during colorectal carcinogenesis. Effect of doxycycline","authors":"Abdelkader Bounaama, Bahia Djerdjouri","doi":"10.1111/fcp.70012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fcp.70012","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), including MMP9, play a significant role in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression, mainly by extracellular matrix remodeling. However, little is known about MMP9 role in aberrant crypt foci (ACF) cluster formation, the earliest colon preneoplastic lesions.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Aims and methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We conducted a bioinformatics analysis of MMPs expression in CRC using Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis2 (GEPIA2). Subsequently, we investigated MMP9 expression during the early stage of colon carcinogenesis in mice and assessed the effect of doxycycline (DOX), a global inhibitor of MMPs, on ACF cluster formation. Thus, NMRI mice received two weekly injections of 1,2-Dimethylhydrazine (DMH, 20 mg/kg, subcutaneously), followed or not by DOX (100 mg/kg, orally, from the 4th to the 6th week).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>GEPIA2 analysis indicated that among the 28 identified MMPs with collagenase and doxycycline-sensitive activities, MMPs 1, 3, 7, 9, and 13 were overexpressed in CRC tissues. Moreover, only MMP1 and MMP9 correlated well with collagen expression in colorectal tumors. In vivo, methylene blue-stained DMH-treated colons revealed multiple ACF clusters at week 6, associated with mucosa remodeling and sustained nitrosative stress as attested by enhanced collagen fibers, malondialdehyde level, and nitrotyrosine deposits. Pyrosequencing showed increased methylation at the tenth CpG site of the <i>MMP9</i> promoter, which was associated with increased MMP9 expression. Interestingly, DOX attenuated the number and size of ACF clusters and mucosa remodeling without rebalancing nitrosative stress.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Overexpression of MMP9 occurs early during colorectal carcinogenesis, and doxycycline may control the pathological remodeling of colon mucosa into ACF clusters by attenuating MMP9 activity.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12657,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143871765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Necroptosis has been shown to play an important role in various pathologies, including pancreatic cancer (PDAC). However, its role in the progression of oral cancer (OSCC) remains unclear.
Objectives
To determine the expression of key necroptosis pathway markers in an OSCC mouse model and evaluate the therapeutic effect of a necroptosis inhibitor on the progression of OSCC.
Methods and Results
4-NQO-induced OSCC in mice resembles very closely to human OSCC. The expression of RIPK-1, RIPK-3, MLKL and their respective phosphorylation was increased in OSCC tissues of cancer-bearing mice. In the analysis of the necroptosis pathway in human OSCC with the TCGA database, we found similar overexpression of RIPK-1 in human cancer, which correlated with the severity of cancer in terms of different cancer grades and stages. Pharmacological blockade of necroptosis with necrostatin-1 (NEC-1) reduced the progression and development of OSCC, characterized by reduced number and severity of tumour lesions, improved histology with reduced hyperplasia, dysplasia and invasive carcinoma. Immune profiling of blood, spleen and tumour tissues demonstrated suppressed expression of MDSCs (CD11b+Gr-1+) and M2-macrophages (CD11b+F4/80+CD206+), while M1-macrophages (CD11b+F4/80+MHCII+) were elevated in the treatment group. The ratio of M2/M1 was reduced in the treated group, suggesting the promotion of anti-tumour immune response. Expression of Arg-1, YM1/2, IL-10 and TGF-β was reduced in tumour tissues in the treated group.
Conclusion
In summary, blocking the necroptosis pathway alters the tumour microenvironment (TME) and inhibits the progression of OSCC. Targeting necroptosis could be an effective therapy for treating OSCC in a clinical setup.
{"title":"Necrostatin-1 attenuates oral squamous cell carcinoma by modulating tumour immune response in mice","authors":"Lavanya Saravanan, Ashutosh Mahale, Vikram Gota, Piyush Khandelia, Onkar Prakash Kulkarni","doi":"10.1111/fcp.70008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fcp.70008","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Necroptosis has been shown to play an important role in various pathologies, including pancreatic cancer (PDAC). However, its role in the progression of oral cancer (OSCC) remains unclear.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>To determine the expression of key necroptosis pathway markers in an OSCC mouse model and evaluate the therapeutic effect of a necroptosis inhibitor on the progression of OSCC.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods and Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>4-NQO-induced OSCC in mice resembles very closely to human OSCC. The expression of RIPK-1, RIPK-3, MLKL and their respective phosphorylation was increased in OSCC tissues of cancer-bearing mice. In the analysis of the necroptosis pathway in human OSCC with the TCGA database, we found similar overexpression of RIPK-1 in human cancer, which correlated with the severity of cancer in terms of different cancer grades and stages. Pharmacological blockade of necroptosis with necrostatin-1 (NEC-1) reduced the progression and development of OSCC, characterized by reduced number and severity of tumour lesions, improved histology with reduced hyperplasia, dysplasia and invasive carcinoma. Immune profiling of blood, spleen and tumour tissues demonstrated suppressed expression of MDSCs (CD11b<sup>+</sup>Gr-1<sup>+</sup>) and M2-macrophages (CD11b<sup>+</sup>F4/80<sup>+</sup>CD206<sup>+</sup>), while M1-macrophages (CD11b<sup>+</sup>F4/80<sup>+</sup>MHCII<sup>+</sup>) were elevated in the treatment group. The ratio of M2/M1 was reduced in the treated group, suggesting the promotion of anti-tumour immune response. Expression of Arg-1, YM1/2, IL-10 and TGF-β was reduced in tumour tissues in the treated group.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In summary, blocking the necroptosis pathway alters the tumour microenvironment (TME) and inhibits the progression of OSCC. Targeting necroptosis could be an effective therapy for treating OSCC in a clinical setup.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12657,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143827070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Francesca Lockwood, Marianne Lachaux, Najah Harouki, Matthieu Soulié, Lionel Nicol, Sylvanie Renet, Anaïs Dumesnil, Magali Vercauteren, Jeremy Bellien, Marc Iglarz, Vincent Richard, Paul Mulder
Background
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifaceted disease associated with heart failure (HF), which affects the vascular system. The endothelin (ET) system is a key player in MetS and HF; therefore, targets for ET receptors are of therapeutic interest.
Objectives
This study sought to evaluate the effects of macitentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA), in a rat model of MetS-induced heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).
Methods
We assessed in 12-week-old Zucker fa/fa rats the effects of macitentan (10 mg/kg/day as a food additive for short-term/7- or long-term/90-day treatment) on right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) function/remodelling (MRI), RV and LV haemodynamics (catheterization) and RV and LV coronary function (myograph).
Results
After 7- and 90-days, untreated Zucker fa/fa rats presented isolated LV diastolic dysfunction (illustrated by elevated LV end-diastolic pressure [EDP] and LV end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship [EDPVR] without changes in LV EDPVR). This was associated with increased collagen deposition and impaired endothelium-dependent coronary artery relaxation. Macitentan 7- and 90-day treatment significantly decreased blood pressure and prevented LV, RV and coronary dysfunctions and long-term treatment reduced LV collagen density. Moreover, 7- and 90-day macitentan treatment significantly reduced cardiac inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.
Conclusions
Dual ERA macitentan improved both LV and RV diastolic dysfunction. This was associated with improved coronary vasodilation, diminished cardiac oxidative stress and improved blood composition. These results suggest that antagonizing the ET system with macitentan is a promising approach to treat HFpEF and its complications.
{"title":"Dual ETA-ETB receptor antagonism improves metabolic syndrome-induced heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","authors":"Francesca Lockwood, Marianne Lachaux, Najah Harouki, Matthieu Soulié, Lionel Nicol, Sylvanie Renet, Anaïs Dumesnil, Magali Vercauteren, Jeremy Bellien, Marc Iglarz, Vincent Richard, Paul Mulder","doi":"10.1111/fcp.70006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fcp.70006","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifaceted disease associated with heart failure (HF), which affects the vascular system. The endothelin (ET) system is a key player in MetS and HF; therefore, targets for ET receptors are of therapeutic interest.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study sought to evaluate the effects of macitentan, a dual endothelin receptor antagonist (ERA), in a rat model of MetS-induced heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We assessed in 12-week-old Zucker <i>fa/fa</i> rats the effects of macitentan (10 mg/kg/day as a food additive for short-term/7- or long-term/90-day treatment) on right ventricular (RV) and left ventricular (LV) function/remodelling (MRI), RV and LV haemodynamics (catheterization) and RV and LV coronary function (myograph).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After 7- and 90-days, untreated Zucker <i>fa/fa</i> rats presented isolated LV diastolic dysfunction (illustrated by elevated LV end-diastolic pressure [EDP] and LV end-diastolic pressure-volume relationship [EDPVR] without changes in LV EDPVR). This was associated with increased collagen deposition and impaired endothelium-dependent coronary artery relaxation. Macitentan 7- and 90-day treatment significantly decreased blood pressure and prevented LV, RV and coronary dysfunctions and long-term treatment reduced LV collagen density. Moreover, 7- and 90-day macitentan treatment significantly reduced cardiac inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Dual ERA macitentan improved both LV and RV diastolic dysfunction. This was associated with improved coronary vasodilation, diminished cardiac oxidative stress and improved blood composition. These results suggest that antagonizing the ET system with macitentan is a promising approach to treat HFpEF and its complications.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12657,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/fcp.70006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143809668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohini Singh Bhadauriya, Harshita Singh, Manisha Suri, Mohd Hanifa, Anjana Bali
Background
Sepsis is a life threatening condition which triggers multiple organ failure. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is more prevalent form of sepsis which involves acute and long-term cerebral impairment. JAK/STAT pathway is one of the most crucial signaling cascades which promote neuroinflammation.
Objectives
The present investigation was designed to explore the possible role of JAK/STAT inhibitors in sepsis-induced cerebral injury and cognitive impairment in mice.
Methods
Swiss Albino mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce sepsis-associated cognitive deficits. Tofacitinib and baricitinib were administered orally one hour before CLP, followed by six days post-CLP administration. From days 7-12, behavioral changes were assessed through various tests, including open field (locomotor activity and non-associative memory), inhibitory avoidance (aversive memory), novel object recognition (recognition memory), and Morris-Water maze tests (spatial learning and memory). Neuronal injury (S-100 calcium-binding protein B, S100B and neuronal specific enolase, NSE) and inflammation (TNF-α) were assessed in the serum. Further, oxidative changes in the mouse brain were evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels.
Results
JAK/STAT inhibitors, including tofacitinib (7.5 and 15 mg/kgper os) and baricitinib (5 and 10 mg/kgper os), significantly ameliorated sepsis-induced deficits in non-associative, aversive, recognition and spatial memory in mice. Further, tofacitinib and baricitinib treatment decreased TNF-α, Malondialdehyde, S-100B and NSE in mice with sepsis while increasing the levels of reduced glutathione.
Conclusion
JAK/STAT inhibitors significantly decreased neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal damage while enhancing cognitive function.
{"title":"JAK/STAT inhibitors mitigate sepsis-associated cerebral and cognitive injury","authors":"Mohini Singh Bhadauriya, Harshita Singh, Manisha Suri, Mohd Hanifa, Anjana Bali","doi":"10.1111/fcp.70005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fcp.70005","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Sepsis is a life threatening condition which triggers multiple organ failure. Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is more prevalent form of sepsis which involves acute and long-term cerebral impairment. JAK/STAT pathway is one of the most crucial signaling cascades which promote neuroinflammation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present investigation was designed to explore the possible role of JAK/STAT inhibitors in sepsis-induced cerebral injury and cognitive impairment in mice.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Swiss Albino mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) to induce sepsis-associated cognitive deficits. Tofacitinib and baricitinib were administered orally one hour before CLP, followed by six days post-CLP administration. From days 7-12, behavioral changes were assessed through various tests, including open field (locomotor activity and non-associative memory), inhibitory avoidance (aversive memory), novel object recognition (recognition memory), and Morris-Water maze tests (spatial learning and memory). Neuronal injury (S-100 calcium-binding protein B, S100B and neuronal specific enolase, NSE) and inflammation (TNF-α) were assessed in the serum. Further, oxidative changes in the mouse brain were evaluated by measuring malondialdehyde and reduced glutathione levels.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>JAK/STAT inhibitors, including tofacitinib (7.5 and 15 mg/kgper os) and baricitinib (5 and 10 mg/kgper os), significantly ameliorated sepsis-induced deficits in non-associative, aversive, recognition and spatial memory in mice. Further, tofacitinib and baricitinib treatment decreased TNF-α, Malondialdehyde, S-100B and NSE in mice with sepsis while increasing the levels of reduced glutathione.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>JAK/STAT inhibitors significantly decreased neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and neuronal damage while enhancing cognitive function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12657,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Malgorzata Ewa Belczyk, Malgorzata Elzbieta Knapik-Czajka, Jagoda Maria Drag, Anna Gawedzka, Angelika Bal
Background
α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (α-KGDH) belongs to mitochondrial 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases family and is the key regulatory enzyme of cell metabolism. It is functionally interconnected with glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) which is a source of α-KG, a substrate for α-KGDH. Our previous studies demonstrated that simvastatin had an influence on 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases, including α-KGDH. Hence, we hypothesised that atorvastatin, one of the most commonly prescribed lipid-lowering drugs, may modify liver α-KGDH and GDH.
Objectives
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on liver α-KGDH and GDH in rats with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia.
Methods
Atorvastatin at dose 20 mg/kg b.wt. (HC + A group, n = 10) or vehicle (HC group, hypercholesterolemic control, n = 10) were administered to rats with hypercholesterolemia for 21 days. The normal control group was fed a standard diet (ST group, normal control, n = 10). α-KGDH and GDH activities as well as their protein levels were determined. Moreover, serum parameters of lipid profile and liver function were measured.
Results
Liver α-KGDH and GDH activities were lower in HC than in ST rats. Atorvastatin enhanced the inhibited activities of α-KGDH and GDH. Stimulation of α-KGDH and GDH by atorvastatin did not correspond with the increase in protein levels of these enzymes indicating that atorvastatin activated α-KGDH and GDH most likely via post-translational mechanism. Atorvastatin had a beneficial effect on serum lipid profile and did not change the parameters of liver function.
Conclusion
The present study demonstrated that atorvastatin ameliorated liver α-KGDH and GDH functions in rats with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia.
{"title":"Atorvastatin ameliorates α-KGDH and GDH functions in rats with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia","authors":"Malgorzata Ewa Belczyk, Malgorzata Elzbieta Knapik-Czajka, Jagoda Maria Drag, Anna Gawedzka, Angelika Bal","doi":"10.1111/fcp.70009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fcp.70009","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (α-KGDH) belongs to mitochondrial 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases family and is the key regulatory enzyme of cell metabolism. It is functionally interconnected with glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) which is a source of α-KG, a substrate for α-KGDH. Our previous studies demonstrated that simvastatin had an influence on 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases, including α-KGDH. Hence, we hypothesised that atorvastatin, one of the most commonly prescribed lipid-lowering drugs, may modify liver α-KGDH and GDH.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of atorvastatin on liver α-KGDH and GDH in rats with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Atorvastatin at dose 20 mg/kg b.wt. (HC + A group, n = 10) or vehicle (HC group, hypercholesterolemic control, n = 10) were administered to rats with hypercholesterolemia for 21 days. The normal control group was fed a standard diet (ST group, normal control, n = 10). α-KGDH and GDH activities as well as their protein levels were determined. Moreover, serum parameters of lipid profile and liver function were measured.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Liver α-KGDH and GDH activities were lower in HC than in ST rats. Atorvastatin enhanced the inhibited activities of α-KGDH and GDH. Stimulation of α-KGDH and GDH by atorvastatin did not correspond with the increase in protein levels of these enzymes indicating that atorvastatin activated α-KGDH and GDH most likely via post-translational mechanism. Atorvastatin had a beneficial effect on serum lipid profile and did not change the parameters of liver function.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The present study demonstrated that atorvastatin ameliorated liver α-KGDH and GDH functions in rats with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12657,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An overproduction of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) can lead to vascular endothelial dysfunction. Relaxin-2, a novel peptide hormone, exhibits various biological functions within the cardiovascular system. However, the effects of Relaxin-2 in atherosclerosis (AS) are underreported.
Objectives
We aimed to investigate the regulatory role of Relaxin-2 in the endothelial function of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) upon ox-LDL stimulation.
Methods
HAECs were stimulated with ox-LDL (100 mg/l) and rhRelaxin-2 (25, 50 nM) for 24 h. Multiple techniques, including real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, ELISA, and Calcein AM staining, were applied.
Results
Treatment with human recombinant (rh) Relaxin-2 decreased lectin-like ox-LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1), a primary receptor for ox-LDL, in HAECs. rhRelaxin-2 also reduced the ox-LDL-induced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Additionally, we observed increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB-1) in ox-LDL-challenged HAECs, which was diminished by rhRelaxin-2. Significantly, the heightened expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin in ox-LDL-stimulated HAECs was mitigated by rhRelaxin-2. Consequently, rhRelaxin-2 alleviated the attachment of THP-1 cells to HAECs in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we found that rhRelaxin-2 inhibited the expression of Egr-1, a central mediator of endothelial inflammation. Furthermore, overexpression of Egr-1 was found to negate the beneficial effects of rhRelaxin-2, suggesting that these effects are mediated by the suppression of Egr-1.
Conclusion
Our findings propose a novel therapeutic approach with rhRelaxin-2 for patients with atherosclerosis.
{"title":"Relaxin-2 mitigates the interaction between monocytes and endothelial cells by suppressing Egr-1","authors":"Jing Bai, Hui Zhou","doi":"10.1111/fcp.70007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fcp.70007","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>An overproduction of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) can lead to vascular endothelial dysfunction. Relaxin-2, a novel peptide hormone, exhibits various biological functions within the cardiovascular system. However, the effects of Relaxin-2 in atherosclerosis (AS) are underreported.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Objectives</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We aimed to investigate the regulatory role of Relaxin-2 in the endothelial function of human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) upon ox-LDL stimulation.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>HAECs were stimulated with ox-LDL (100 mg/l) and rhRelaxin-2 (25, 50 nM) for 24 h. Multiple techniques, including real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, ELISA, and Calcein AM staining, were applied.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Treatment with human recombinant (rh) Relaxin-2 decreased lectin-like ox-LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1), a primary receptor for ox-LDL, in HAECs. rhRelaxin-2 also reduced the ox-LDL-induced expression of pro-inflammatory mediators such as interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1). Additionally, we observed increased expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and high mobility group protein B1 (HMGB-1) in ox-LDL-challenged HAECs, which was diminished by rhRelaxin-2. Significantly, the heightened expression of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and E-selectin in ox-LDL-stimulated HAECs was mitigated by rhRelaxin-2. Consequently, rhRelaxin-2 alleviated the attachment of THP-1 cells to HAECs in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, we found that rhRelaxin-2 inhibited the expression of Egr-1, a central mediator of endothelial inflammation. Furthermore, overexpression of Egr-1 was found to negate the beneficial effects of rhRelaxin-2, suggesting that these effects are mediated by the suppression of Egr-1.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our findings propose a novel therapeutic approach with rhRelaxin-2 for patients with atherosclerosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12657,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"39 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143787163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lucie-Marie Scailteux, Julien Bezin, Marion Gundelwein, Julien Edeline, Emmanuel Oger, Frédéric Balusson, Antoine Pariente
Introduction
(Pre-)clinical studies have not ruled out a potential risk of second primary cancer (SCP) under the effect of some new androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs), especially enzalutamide (ENZ).
Methods
Using the French health reimbursement claims database (Système National des Données de Santé), we designed a case–control study nested in a 2013–2020 cohort of new users of androgen-deprivation therapy. The cases were patients with a first diagnosis of SPC, identified beyond 12 months following cohort entry and up to December 31st, 2021; up to 10 controls were matched per case, based on age and cohort entry date. The main analysis focused on patients who had not switched to a different ARPI. Applying a one-year lag time, we determined the most frequent and longest cumulative exposure patterns to abiraterone (ABI) or ENZ and estimated the odds ratios.
Results
The cohort comprised 147 092 patients, including 7928 cases and 78 554 controls eligible for analysis. The SPCs mainly involve the digestive organs, the urinary tract, or the lungs. Recent and short exposure to ENZ was associated with SPC: OR 1.7, 95% CI [1.2–2.4]. Recent one full year of exposure to ABI, as well as full-year plus part of the second year, was associated with SPC: OR 1.8 [1.2–2.7] and 2.3 [1.3–4.0], respectively.
Discussion/Conclusion
SPC cases were mainly observed among recently exposed patients, which could be linked to a detection bias. The insufficient number of patients exposed over many years means that no definitive conclusions can be drawn.
在一些新的雄激素受体途径抑制剂（arpi），特别是恩杂鲁胺（ENZ）的作用下，临床研究尚未排除第二原发性癌（SCP）的潜在风险。方法利用法国医疗报销报销数据库（systemme National des donnsamuise），在2013-2020年雄激素剥夺疗法新使用者队列中设计了一项病例对照研究。这些病例是首次诊断为SPC的患者，在队列进入后12个月内被发现，直到2021年12月31日；根据年龄和队列进入日期，每个病例最多匹配10个对照。主要分析集中在没有转换到不同ARPI的患者。应用一年的滞后时间，我们确定了阿比特龙（ABI）或ENZ最频繁和最长的累积暴露模式，并估计了优势比。结果该队列纳入147 092例患者，其中7928例患者和78 554例符合分析条件的对照组。SPCs主要累及消化器官、泌尿道或肺部。近期和短期暴露于ENZ与SPC相关：OR为1.7,95% CI[1.2-2.4]。最近一年的ABI暴露，以及全年加上第二年的部分时间，与SPC相关：OR分别为1.8[1.2-2.7]和2.3[1.3-4.0]。讨论/结论SPC病例主要发生在近期暴露的患者中，这可能与检测偏差有关。由于多年来接触的患者数量不足，因此无法得出明确的结论。
{"title":"Second primary cancers and hormonal therapies for prostate cancer: A nested case–control study","authors":"Lucie-Marie Scailteux, Julien Bezin, Marion Gundelwein, Julien Edeline, Emmanuel Oger, Frédéric Balusson, Antoine Pariente","doi":"10.1111/fcp.70004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fcp.70004","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>(Pre-)clinical studies have not ruled out a potential risk of second primary cancer (SCP) under the effect of some new androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs), especially enzalutamide (ENZ).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Using the French health reimbursement claims database (Système National des Données de Santé), we designed a case–control study nested in a 2013–2020 cohort of new users of androgen-deprivation therapy. The cases were patients with a first diagnosis of SPC, identified beyond 12 months following cohort entry and up to December 31st<sup>,</sup> 2021; up to 10 controls were matched per case, based on age and cohort entry date. The main analysis focused on patients who had not switched to a different ARPI. Applying a one-year lag time, we determined the most frequent and longest cumulative exposure patterns to abiraterone (ABI) or ENZ and estimated the odds ratios.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The cohort comprised 147 092 patients, including 7928 cases and 78 554 controls eligible for analysis. The SPCs mainly involve the digestive organs, the urinary tract, or the lungs. Recent and short exposure to ENZ was associated with SPC: OR 1.7, 95% CI [1.2–2.4]. Recent one full year of exposure to ABI, as well as full-year plus part of the second year, was associated with SPC: OR 1.8 [1.2–2.7] and 2.3 [1.3–4.0], respectively.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Discussion/Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>SPC cases were mainly observed among recently exposed patients, which could be linked to a detection bias. The insufficient number of patients exposed over many years means that no definitive conclusions can be drawn.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12657,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/fcp.70004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143639135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Edouard Januel, Jean Christophe Corvol, Philippe Remy, Wassilios G. Meissner, Claire Thiriez, Aymeric Lanore, Cecilia Bonnet, Jean-Philippe Azulay, Caroline Giordana, David Maltete, Solene Frismand, Christine Tranchant, Francois Sellal, Alain Jager, Matthieu Béreau, Giovanni Castelnovo, Anne Evelyne Vallet, Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre, Jean-Denis Turc, Olivier Rascol, Florence Tubach, DUMP study group
Context
After observing increased sudden death risk associated with domperidone use, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) imposed usage restrictions in 2014, limiting age (≤60 years), daily dose (≤30 mg/day), and duration (≤7 days). Nausea commonly occurs as an adverse effect of dopaminergic drugs in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, with few alternative anti-emetic options. This study aimed to assess domperidone prescription patterns in French PD patients.
Methods
In this multicenter study, all consecutive PD patients from participating expert centers, hospitals, and private neurologists were included. We documented demographics, clinical data, comorbidities, domperidone use (indication, dose, and duration), and concurrent medications (related to PD or not). Domperidone misuse was assessed based on EMA guidelines.
Results
Between January and October 2021, 1579 patients from 16 centers (12 French PD expert centers, two general hospitals, and two private practice neurologists) were included. Among them, 109 (7%) received domperidone: 32 (29%) for nausea during apomorphine infusion, 71 (65%) for nausea during other dopaminergic therapies, and three (3%) for orthostatic hypotension. Domperidone misuse was found in 103 patients (95%): treatment duration >7 days (84%), age >60 years (79%), contraindicated drug interactions (6%), and contraindications due to cardiac comorbidity (5%). Only one patient exceeded the recommended dose (30 mg/day).
Conclusion
Domperidone is still prescribed in France for PD patients with dopaminergic-induced nausea, mostly disregarding EMA guidelines due to patient age (>60 years) and prolonged treatment (>7 days). Our study underscores the unmet need for managing gastrointestinal symptoms in PD, highlighting the inadequacy of EMA guidelines in this population.
{"title":"Use and misuse of domperidone in patients living with Parkinson disease in France","authors":"Edouard Januel, Jean Christophe Corvol, Philippe Remy, Wassilios G. Meissner, Claire Thiriez, Aymeric Lanore, Cecilia Bonnet, Jean-Philippe Azulay, Caroline Giordana, David Maltete, Solene Frismand, Christine Tranchant, Francois Sellal, Alain Jager, Matthieu Béreau, Giovanni Castelnovo, Anne Evelyne Vallet, Maryse Lapeyre-Mestre, Jean-Denis Turc, Olivier Rascol, Florence Tubach, DUMP study group","doi":"10.1111/fcp.70002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fcp.70002","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Context</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>After observing increased sudden death risk associated with domperidone use, the European Medicines Agency (EMA) imposed usage restrictions in 2014, limiting age (≤60 years), daily dose (≤30 mg/day), and duration (≤7 days). Nausea commonly occurs as an adverse effect of dopaminergic drugs in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, with few alternative anti-emetic options. This study aimed to assess domperidone prescription patterns in French PD patients.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this multicenter study, all consecutive PD patients from participating expert centers, hospitals, and private neurologists were included. We documented demographics, clinical data, comorbidities, domperidone use (indication, dose, and duration), and concurrent medications (related to PD or not). Domperidone misuse was assessed based on EMA guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Between January and October 2021, 1579 patients from 16 centers (12 French PD expert centers, two general hospitals, and two private practice neurologists) were included. Among them, 109 (7%) received domperidone: 32 (29%) for nausea during apomorphine infusion, 71 (65%) for nausea during other dopaminergic therapies, and three (3%) for orthostatic hypotension. Domperidone misuse was found in 103 patients (95%): treatment duration >7 days (84%), age >60 years (79%), contraindicated drug interactions (6%), and contraindications due to cardiac comorbidity (5%). Only one patient exceeded the recommended dose (30 mg/day).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Domperidone is still prescribed in France for PD patients with dopaminergic-induced nausea, mostly disregarding EMA guidelines due to patient age (>60 years) and prolonged treatment (>7 days). Our study underscores the unmet need for managing gastrointestinal symptoms in PD, highlighting the inadequacy of EMA guidelines in this population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12657,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/fcp.70002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143582026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the effects of beta-blockers and the combination of carteolol/oxprenolol with epinephrine on spinal nociceptive and motor blockades and compared them with propranolol.
Methods
Nociceptive and motor blockades were assessed in rats after intrathecal injection of carteolol, oxprenolol, metoprolol, acebutolol, and sotalol. Carteolol and oxprenolol were used in combination with epinephrine for spinal nociceptive and motor blockades. Propranolol was used as a control.
Results
At the same dose of 0.6 μmol, carteolol and oxprenolol are more potent than propranolol, and the duration of action of carteolol and oxprenolol is longer than or the same as that of propranolol. At ED50 (50% effective dose), the potency rankings of drugs are carteolol > oxprenolol > propranolol (P > 0.01). At ED25, ED50, and ED75, the time to full recovery induced by carteolol was longer than that induced by oxprenolol or propranolol. When 1:40,000 epinephrine was added to beta-blocker (carteolol, oxprenolol, and propranolol) at ED50, spinal blockades and duration of action were increased compared to beta-blockers alone (P > 0.05).
Conclusion
Carteolol and oxprenolol are more effective than propranolol on spinal blockades, while other beta-blockers are relatively ineffective. Compared to propranolol, the duration of action of carteolol and oxprenolol is longer or the same. Epinephrine enhances spinal blockades of carteolol, oxprenolol, and propranolol, suggesting that alpha-adrenergic receptors may play an important role in enhancing the anti-nociceptive effects of beta-blockers.
{"title":"Adrenaline enhances nociceptive and motor blockades by intrathecal carteolol and oxprenolol in rats","authors":"Chong-Chi Chiu, Kuo-Sheng Liu, Chieh-Yu Liu, Ching-Hsia Hung, Yu-Wen Chen, Jhi-Joung Wang","doi":"10.1111/fcp.70003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fcp.70003","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>This study examined the effects of beta-blockers and the combination of carteolol/oxprenolol with epinephrine on spinal nociceptive and motor blockades and compared them with propranolol.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Nociceptive and motor blockades were assessed in rats after intrathecal injection of carteolol, oxprenolol, metoprolol, acebutolol, and sotalol. Carteolol and oxprenolol were used in combination with epinephrine for spinal nociceptive and motor blockades. Propranolol was used as a control.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>At the same dose of 0.6 μmol, carteolol and oxprenolol are more potent than propranolol, and the duration of action of carteolol and oxprenolol is longer than or the same as that of propranolol. At ED<sub>50</sub> (50% effective dose), the potency rankings of drugs are carteolol > oxprenolol > propranolol (<i>P</i> > 0.01). At ED<sub>25</sub>, ED<sub>50</sub>, and ED<sub>75</sub>, the time to full recovery induced by carteolol was longer than that induced by oxprenolol or propranolol. When 1:40,000 epinephrine was added to beta-blocker (carteolol, oxprenolol, and propranolol) at ED<sub>50</sub>, spinal blockades and duration of action were increased compared to beta-blockers alone (<i>P</i> > 0.05).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Carteolol and oxprenolol are more effective than propranolol on spinal blockades, while other beta-blockers are relatively ineffective. Compared to propranolol, the duration of action of carteolol and oxprenolol is longer or the same. Epinephrine enhances spinal blockades of carteolol, oxprenolol, and propranolol, suggesting that alpha-adrenergic receptors may play an important role in enhancing the anti-nociceptive effects of beta-blockers.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":12657,"journal":{"name":"Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143513849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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