In this study, selective precipitation using magnesium oxide (MgO) and bio-sorption with banana peels (BPs) were explored for the treatment and valorization of acid mine drainage (AMD). The treatment chain comprised two distinct stages of which selective precipitation of chemical species using MgO (step1) and polishing of pre-treated AMD using BPs (step 2). In stage 1, 2.0 L of AMD from coal mine were used for selective precipitation and recovery of chemical species using MgO. The results revealed that chemical species of concern were precipitated and recovered at different pH gradients with Fe(III) precipitated at pH ≤ 4, Al at pH ≥ 4-5, Fe(II), Mn and Zn at pH ≥ 8 while Ca and SO42─ were precipitated throughout the pH range. In stage 2, the pre-treated AMD water was polished using BPs. The results revealed an overall increase of pH from 1.7 to 10, and substantial removal of chemical species in the following removal efficiency: Al, Cu and Zn (100% each), ≥ Fe and Mn (99.99% each), ≥ Ni (99.93%), and ≥ SO42─ (90%). The chemical treatment step removed pollutants partially, whereas the bio-sorption step acted as a polishing stage by removing residual pollutants.
{"title":"The treatment of acid mine drainage using a combination of selective precipitation and bio-sorption techniques: A hybrid and step-wise approach for AMD valorization and environmental pollution control","authors":"Nguegang Beauclair, A. Ambushe","doi":"10.35208/ert.1405067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1405067","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, selective precipitation using magnesium oxide (MgO) and bio-sorption with banana peels (BPs) were explored for the treatment and valorization of acid mine drainage (AMD). The treatment chain comprised two distinct stages of which selective precipitation of chemical species using MgO (step1) and polishing of pre-treated AMD using BPs (step 2). In stage 1, 2.0 L of AMD from coal mine were used for selective precipitation and recovery of chemical species using MgO. The results revealed that chemical species of concern were precipitated and recovered at different pH gradients with Fe(III) precipitated at pH ≤ 4, Al at pH ≥ 4-5, Fe(II), Mn and Zn at pH ≥ 8 while Ca and SO42─ were precipitated throughout the pH range. In stage 2, the pre-treated AMD water was polished using BPs. The results revealed an overall increase of pH from 1.7 to 10, and substantial removal of chemical species in the following removal efficiency: Al, Cu and Zn (100% each), ≥ Fe and Mn (99.99% each), ≥ Ni (99.93%), and ≥ SO42─ (90%). The chemical treatment step removed pollutants partially, whereas the bio-sorption step acted as a polishing stage by removing residual pollutants.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140783068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Industrial pollution is considered to be routed in the waste and byproducts of the production process. Traditional pollution control approaches try to eliminate and/or treat the pollutants which are usually complicated as well as expensive. In this regard, industrial ecology and industrial symbiosis have emerged as a very effective strategy to eliminate industrial pollution. This principle requires the generated waste/by-products absorbed in the same or other industrial process cycles and thus the material cycle remains closed. Industrial pollution appears as a big problem in the developing countries, where industrialization is considered as the main thrust of economic development. Usually, in such countries formal approaches for pollution control approaches are primarily directed to the formal sectors, informal sectors are often left behind. Although the role of informal sector is increasingly being recognized for sustainable development, their significance in the area of pollution abatement is a less discussed topic. This article attempts to investigate the informal industrial sector in Dhaka, Bangladesh with a detail field investigation. The results show evidence of sustainable practices and indicate existence of industrial symbiosis without technical knowledge and designed efforts. This suggests that the informal sector can meaningfully contribute to sustainable development that they show the way of applying similar approaches in the formal sector as well.
{"title":"Sustainable waste management Practices in the Informal Sector Towards Industrial Symbiosis","authors":"Sudipti Biswas","doi":"10.35208/ert.1284481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1284481","url":null,"abstract":"Industrial pollution is considered to be routed in the waste and byproducts of the production process. Traditional pollution control approaches try to eliminate and/or treat the pollutants which are usually complicated as well as expensive. In this regard, industrial ecology and industrial symbiosis have emerged as a very effective strategy to eliminate industrial pollution. This principle requires the generated waste/by-products absorbed in the same or other industrial process cycles and thus the material cycle remains closed. Industrial pollution appears as a big problem in the developing countries, where industrialization is considered as the main thrust of economic development. Usually, in such countries formal approaches for pollution control approaches are primarily directed to the formal sectors, informal sectors are often left behind. Although the role of informal sector is increasingly being recognized for sustainable development, their significance in the area of pollution abatement is a less discussed topic. This article attempts to investigate the informal industrial sector in Dhaka, Bangladesh with a detail field investigation. The results show evidence of sustainable practices and indicate existence of industrial symbiosis without technical knowledge and designed efforts. This suggests that the informal sector can meaningfully contribute to sustainable development that they show the way of applying similar approaches in the formal sector as well.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The muscle tissues of Channa punctatus and Anabas testudineus collected from the Loktak Lake (a Ramsar site) and its three major feeder rivers in Manipur, Northeastern India, were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography for the presence of residues of three organophosphorus (malathion, dichlorvos and monocrotophos), one carbamate (carbofuran), and two synthetic pyrethroid (deltamethrin and cypermethrin) pesticides. Residues of all the pesticides except monocrotophos were detected in the fish tissues. Among the five pesticides detected, concentrations of dichlorvos exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) prescribed by the Codex Alimentarius for animal tissues such as mammalian offal, eggs and poultry meat. The rest of the compounds were within the MRL for eggs and animal tissues. None of the pesticide residues was detected in the two fish species collected from the control or reference site. The present study indicates that pesticide contamination is emerging as a threat to the water quality and aquatic biodiversity of Loktak Lake, which is a “wetland of international importance” (Ramsar Site) located in a global biodiversity hotspot. The findings of this study also calls for more detailed investigations on the presence of pesticide residues in water, sediments, aquatic macrophytes, planktonic and benthic organisms, and different fish species of this wetland ecosystem.
{"title":"Organophosphate, Carbamate and Synthetic Pyrethroid Pesticide Residues in Muscle Tissues of Fish from Loktak Lake, a Ramsar Site in Manipur, India","authors":"Maisnam SAPANA DEVİ, Thingbaijam BİNOY SİNGH, Abhik Gupta","doi":"10.35208/ert.1391806","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1391806","url":null,"abstract":"The muscle tissues of Channa punctatus and Anabas testudineus collected from the Loktak Lake (a Ramsar site) and its three major feeder rivers in Manipur, Northeastern India, were analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography for the presence of residues of three organophosphorus (malathion, dichlorvos and monocrotophos), one carbamate (carbofuran), and two synthetic pyrethroid (deltamethrin and cypermethrin) pesticides. Residues of all the pesticides except monocrotophos were detected in the fish tissues. Among the five pesticides detected, concentrations of dichlorvos exceeded the maximum residue limit (MRL) prescribed by the Codex Alimentarius for animal tissues such as mammalian offal, eggs and poultry meat. The rest of the compounds were within the MRL for eggs and animal tissues. None of the pesticide residues was detected in the two fish species collected from the control or reference site. The present study indicates that pesticide contamination is emerging as a threat to the water quality and aquatic biodiversity of Loktak Lake, which is a “wetland of international importance” (Ramsar Site) located in a global biodiversity hotspot. The findings of this study also calls for more detailed investigations on the presence of pesticide residues in water, sediments, aquatic macrophytes, planktonic and benthic organisms, and different fish species of this wetland ecosystem.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140225191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In parallel with the increasing tyre production in the world, the amount of scrap tyres is also increasing. Within the scope of scrap tyre management, studies aimed at preventing the accumulation of tyres that threaten the world in terms of human health and the environment can be briefly defined as 5R, including recycling, reuse, recovery, regeneration, reclaim. All available methods have not yet brought the accumulation of scrap tyres under control. In this study, to avoid the bottlenecks encountered in the recycling of scrap tyres by pyrolysis method, the production of refined carbon black with higher commercial value by refining pyrolytic carbon black and fertilizer production from the refining process, which has a large market in the agricultural sector, was investigated. This study reveals an important method to prevent the accumulation of scrap tyres by increasing the interest in pyrolysis plants.
{"title":"Extraction of The Micronutrient Zinc From Pyrolytic Carbon Black and Obtaining Zinc Humate","authors":"U. Vural, Abdullah Yinanc","doi":"10.35208/ert.1358852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1358852","url":null,"abstract":"In parallel with the increasing tyre production in the world, the amount of scrap tyres is also increasing. Within the scope of scrap tyre management, studies aimed at preventing the accumulation of tyres that threaten the world in terms of human health and the environment can be briefly defined as 5R, including recycling, reuse, recovery, regeneration, reclaim. All available methods have not yet brought the accumulation of scrap tyres under control. In this study, to avoid the bottlenecks encountered in the recycling of scrap tyres by pyrolysis method, the production of refined carbon black with higher commercial value by refining pyrolytic carbon black and fertilizer production from the refining process, which has a large market in the agricultural sector, was investigated. This study reveals an important method to prevent the accumulation of scrap tyres by increasing the interest in pyrolysis plants.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140227046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Environmental pollution increases due to the large amounts of waste production and raw material consumption depending on the increasing population. Agricultural and industrial wastes which are some of the sources of the pollution need to be reuse to reduce the negative impact on the environment and also con-tribute positive effect to the economy. In this context, industrial wastes such as clay types (red and green) and agricultural wastes such as egg shell, walnut shell and banana shell were used to prepare materials which can be used as replacement materials for construction industry. Radiation attenuation parameters (mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic number, linear attenuation coefficients, mean free path, half-value layer, exposure and energy absorption build up factors, fast neutron removal cross-section) were acquired by Phy-X/PSD code. Spectroscopic techniques (XRD, EPR, SEM-EDS) were performed for the structural analysis. The existence of calcite main phase peaks as well as SiO2 and cellulose phases were observed by XRD. Mn+2 sextet lines with five weak doublets attributed to the forbidden transition lines of Mn+2 and a singlet with a g value of ≈2.00 were recorded by EPR. All samples examined with good protection performances can be used as substitute materials instead of cement or aggregate for the aim of reusing the wastes and supporting the environmental and economic benefits.
{"title":"Radiation Shielding Performances and Spectroscopic Features of Replacement Materials Based on Reusing of Agricultural and Industrial Wastes","authors":"Z. Aygun, M. Aygün","doi":"10.35208/ert.1432036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1432036","url":null,"abstract":"Environmental pollution increases due to the large amounts of waste production and raw material consumption depending on the increasing population. Agricultural and industrial wastes which are some of the sources of the pollution need to be reuse to reduce the negative impact on the environment and also con-tribute positive effect to the economy. In this context, industrial wastes such as clay types (red and green) and agricultural wastes such as egg shell, walnut shell and banana shell were used to prepare materials which can be used as replacement materials for construction industry. Radiation attenuation parameters (mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic number, linear attenuation coefficients, mean free path, half-value layer, exposure and energy absorption build up factors, fast neutron removal cross-section) were acquired by Phy-X/PSD code. Spectroscopic techniques (XRD, EPR, SEM-EDS) were performed for the structural analysis. The existence of calcite main phase peaks as well as SiO2 and cellulose phases were observed by XRD. Mn+2 sextet lines with five weak doublets attributed to the forbidden transition lines of Mn+2 and a singlet with a g value of ≈2.00 were recorded by EPR. All samples examined with good protection performances can be used as substitute materials instead of cement or aggregate for the aim of reusing the wastes and supporting the environmental and economic benefits.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140232689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of carbon emission, ecological footprint, which takes into account the demand side of the environment, and load capacity factor, which takes into account both the supply and demand sides of the environment, on health expenditures with conventional and quantile methods. According to the conventional co-integration approach, there is no relationship between the environment and health expenditures. The other side, the findings obtained from the quantile co-integration method, which can give robust results in the presence of tailed distributions and possible endogeneity problems and consider the asymmetric structure in the data set, show the existence of a long-term relationship between the variables. According to the coefficient estimates, while carbon emission and ecological footprint increase health expenditures, the load capacity factor decreases.
{"title":"What is the Role of Environmental Stress on Public Health? Asymmetric Evidence on Carbon Emissions, Ecological Footprint, and Load Capacity Factor","authors":"Ersin Yavuz, Emre Kilic, Fatih Akcay","doi":"10.35208/ert.1419914","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1419914","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this paper is to analyze the effects of carbon emission, ecological footprint, which takes into account the demand side of the environment, and load capacity factor, which takes into account both the supply and demand sides of the environment, on health expenditures with conventional and quantile methods. According to the conventional co-integration approach, there is no relationship between the environment and health expenditures. The other side, the findings obtained from the quantile co-integration method, which can give robust results in the presence of tailed distributions and possible endogeneity problems and consider the asymmetric structure in the data set, show the existence of a long-term relationship between the variables. According to the coefficient estimates, while carbon emission and ecological footprint increase health expenditures, the load capacity factor decreases.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140231493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leading the launch of a new journal as Editors-in-Chief has been a captivating journey filled with triumphs and challenges. In the beginning of 2017, we commenced our efforts on the inaugural issue of the Environmental Research and Technology. Since our inception in 2018, our journal has been dedicated to fostering cutting-edge research in environmental science and technology, striving to address the critical challenges facing our planet. Today, as we stand on the threshold of another year of scholarly exploration and dissemination, it is an opportune moment to reflect on our accomplishments, express our appreciation, and outline our vision for the future. As we commence the new volume of Environmental Research and Technology Journal in the year 2024, it is with great pleasure and a sense of profound gratitude that we address you.
{"title":"Celebrating A New Milestone for Environmental Research and Technology","authors":"Ahmet Demi̇r, Mehmet Sinan Bi̇lgi̇li̇","doi":"10.35208/ert.1447642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1447642","url":null,"abstract":"Leading the launch of a new journal as Editors-in-Chief has been a captivating journey filled with triumphs and challenges. In the beginning of 2017, we commenced our efforts on the inaugural issue of the Environmental Research and Technology. Since our inception in 2018, our journal has been dedicated to fostering cutting-edge research in environmental science and technology, striving to address the critical challenges facing our planet. Today, as we stand on the threshold of another year of scholarly exploration and dissemination, it is an opportune moment to reflect on our accomplishments, express our appreciation, and outline our vision for the future. As we commence the new volume of Environmental Research and Technology Journal in the year 2024, it is with great pleasure and a sense of profound gratitude that we address you.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140248272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Industrialized countries attempted to obtain minerals for their own use, resulting in a developed method to extract valuable minerals from the ground. Consequently, waste mine tailings are produced and, when left to pile up, will potentially be hazardous to the environment and the people. However, more mine tailings become a problem when the organization is unsure how valuable the minerals are or what they can be used for. This study focuses on multi-criteria analysis on potentially repurposing the tailings of Philex Mining Corporation (PMC) at Benguet, Philippines. While mining policies were considered, findings show that piles of mine tailings had not been considered for refining to produce more resources for development, construction, and economic growth. The study employs qualitative inquiry to understand the processes at the grassroots better and reconnaissance of the stored tailings. The analysis tries to promote sustainable practices – presenting a higher sustainability priority, resource conservation, and the responsible management of mining waste, making it a more favorable alternative to traditional tailing storage facilities. Several industrial uses for the tailings have been suggested to reinforce waste diversion.
{"title":"Potential Recycling of Mine Tailings for PMC’s Padcal Mine, Philippines","authors":"Idongesit Ikopbo, Melissa May Boado","doi":"10.35208/ert.1411298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1411298","url":null,"abstract":"Industrialized countries attempted to obtain minerals for their own use, resulting in a developed method to extract valuable minerals from the ground. Consequently, waste mine tailings are produced and, when left to pile up, will potentially be hazardous to the environment and the people. However, more mine tailings become a problem when the organization is unsure how valuable the minerals are or what they can be used for. This study focuses on multi-criteria analysis on potentially repurposing the tailings of Philex Mining Corporation (PMC) at Benguet, Philippines. While mining policies were considered, findings show that piles of mine tailings had not been considered for refining to produce more resources for development, construction, and economic growth. The study employs qualitative inquiry to understand the processes at the grassroots better and reconnaissance of the stored tailings. The analysis tries to promote sustainable practices – presenting a higher sustainability priority, resource conservation, and the responsible management of mining waste, making it a more favorable alternative to traditional tailing storage facilities. Several industrial uses for the tailings have been suggested to reinforce waste diversion.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140249716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This comprehensive literature review delves into the application of Scheffe's Simplex Lattice Model for optimizing cement concrete mixtures, with a particular emphasis on its impact on material properties and sustainability. The review meticulously outlines the principles, historical context, and advantages of Scheffe's model, providing a nuanced understanding of its significance. Comparative analyses with traditional and alternative optimization techniques in concrete mix design illuminate the distinct advantages of statistical methods, especially Scheffe's model. The review critically examines the challenges and limitations associated with applying Scheffe's model, addressing issues related to the complexity of concrete mixtures and computational demands. Potential avenues for improvement are explored, suggesting refinements to handle non-linearity, incorporate advanced optimization algorithms, and streamline computational requirements. Additionally, the review highlights emerging trends in statistical modeling for concrete mixture optimization, such as the integration of machine learning and data-driven approaches, signaling the evolving landscape of concrete technology. In conclusion, the literature underscores Scheffe's Simplex Lattice Model as a valuable and versatile tool with far-reaching implications for the advancement of concrete mixture design methodologies. The call to action encourages ongoing research and development to refine the model, explore emerging trends, and address practical challenges, positioning Scheffe's model as a cornerstone in the pursuit of sustainable, resilient, and high-performance concrete materials.
{"title":"Application of Scheffe's Simplex Lattice Model in Concrete Mixture Design and Performance Enhancement","authors":"M. T. Tiza, Fidelis Okafor, Jonah Agunwamba","doi":"10.35208/ert.1406013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1406013","url":null,"abstract":"This comprehensive literature review delves into the application of Scheffe's Simplex Lattice Model for optimizing cement concrete mixtures, with a particular emphasis on its impact on material properties and sustainability. The review meticulously outlines the principles, historical context, and advantages of Scheffe's model, providing a nuanced understanding of its significance. Comparative analyses with traditional and alternative optimization techniques in concrete mix design illuminate the distinct advantages of statistical methods, especially Scheffe's model. The review critically examines the challenges and limitations associated with applying Scheffe's model, addressing issues related to the complexity of concrete mixtures and computational demands. Potential avenues for improvement are explored, suggesting refinements to handle non-linearity, incorporate advanced optimization algorithms, and streamline computational requirements. Additionally, the review highlights emerging trends in statistical modeling for concrete mixture optimization, such as the integration of machine learning and data-driven approaches, signaling the evolving landscape of concrete technology. In conclusion, the literature underscores Scheffe's Simplex Lattice Model as a valuable and versatile tool with far-reaching implications for the advancement of concrete mixture design methodologies. The call to action encourages ongoing research and development to refine the model, explore emerging trends, and address practical challenges, positioning Scheffe's model as a cornerstone in the pursuit of sustainable, resilient, and high-performance concrete materials.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140259354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Natural organic substances (NOM) found in drinking water are a major contributor to disinfectant by-product formation and are potentially toxic to humans. Traditional water treatment techniques may not always effectively treat NOMs. Therefore, an advanced treatment method such as adsorption can be inexpensive, simple and efficient. The selected adsorbent's and the DOM's properties both affect the removal effectiveness of the adsorption method. AC, which is widely used in real-scale water treatment plants, has been modified and used in recent years In order to oxidize the porous carbon surface, raise its acidic qualities, eliminate mineral components, and enhance the surface's hydrophilic qualities. In this research, AC was modified with nitric acid (M-PAC) and NOM removal was investigated. In addition, it is discussed how the modification with nitric acid changes the adsorbent structure and chemistry. A morphology with smooth and irregular voids was observed as a result of nitric acid modification of the original AC by SEM analysis. The particle size increased from 387.65 nm to 502.07 nm for the M-PAC adsorbent. The FTIR spectrum indicates that structures connected to aromatic rings get formed in the M-PAC adsorbent as a result of the modification. The highest NOM removal for the original PAC, 47%, was observed at 36 hours of contact time. On the other hand, M-PAC adsorbent achieved 40% NOM removal at contact times of 72 hours and above. It was concluded that the pseudo-second order kinetic model better represented NOM adsorption for both adsorbents.
饮用水中的天然有机物（NOM）是形成消毒剂副产物的主要因素，并可能对人体有毒。传统的水处理技术不一定能有效处理 NOM。因此，吸附等先进的处理方法可以做到廉价、简单和高效。所选吸附剂和 DOM 的特性都会影响吸附法的去除效果。AC 被广泛应用于实际规模的水处理厂，近年来，为了使多孔碳表面氧化、提高其酸性、去除矿物质成分并增强表面亲水性，人们对其进行了改性和使用。在这项研究中，用硝酸（M-PAC）对 AC 进行了改性，并调查了 NOM 的去除情况。此外，还讨论了硝酸改性如何改变吸附剂的结构和化学性质。通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析，可以观察到硝酸改性后的原始 AC 具有光滑和不规则空隙的形态。M-PAC 吸附剂的粒径从 387.65 nm 增加到 502.07 nm。傅立叶变换红外光谱显示，改性后的 M-PAC 吸附剂中形成了与芳香环相连的结构。接触时间为 36 小时时，原始 PAC 的 NOM 去除率最高，为 47%。另一方面，M-PAC 吸附剂在接触 72 小时及以上时的 NOM 去除率为 40%。结论是伪二阶动力学模型更好地代表了这两种吸附剂对 NOM 的吸附。
{"title":"Evaluation of Characterization and Adsorption Kinetics of Natural Organic Matter onto Nitric Acid Modified Activated Carbon","authors":"Betul Aykut Senel, N. Ates, S. Ş. Bekaroglu","doi":"10.35208/ert.1384440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1384440","url":null,"abstract":"Natural organic substances (NOM) found in drinking water are a major contributor to disinfectant by-product formation and are potentially toxic to humans. Traditional water treatment techniques may not always effectively treat NOMs. Therefore, an advanced treatment method such as adsorption can be inexpensive, simple and efficient. The selected adsorbent's and the DOM's properties both affect the removal effectiveness of the adsorption method. AC, which is widely used in real-scale water treatment plants, has been modified and used in recent years In order to oxidize the porous carbon surface, raise its acidic qualities, eliminate mineral components, and enhance the surface's hydrophilic qualities. In this research, AC was modified with nitric acid (M-PAC) and NOM removal was investigated. In addition, it is discussed how the modification with nitric acid changes the adsorbent structure and chemistry. A morphology with smooth and irregular voids was observed as a result of nitric acid modification of the original AC by SEM analysis. The particle size increased from 387.65 nm to 502.07 nm for the M-PAC adsorbent. The FTIR spectrum indicates that structures connected to aromatic rings get formed in the M-PAC adsorbent as a result of the modification. The highest NOM removal for the original PAC, 47%, was observed at 36 hours of contact time. On the other hand, M-PAC adsorbent achieved 40% NOM removal at contact times of 72 hours and above. It was concluded that the pseudo-second order kinetic model better represented NOM adsorption for both adsorbents.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140425747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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