In 2020, European countries generated 807 mln tons of construction and demolition waste (CDW), accounting for 37.5% of total waste production. The UE Waste Framework Directive of 2008 established as a priority goal to increase the percentage of reuse, recycling and recovery of nonhazardous construction waste to a minimum of 70% by 2020. Pending the report that will define compliance with this goal, the average percentage currently stands at around 50%, of which only 3% involves upcycling operations. This doctoral research defines an operational methodology aimed at implementing digital processes for circularity in the AEC sector, with a focus on post-earthquake emergency Italian contexts. The treatment of CDW in earthquake-affected areas for the purpose of recovery/reuse, in a perspective of circularity, represents an underexplored field and limited, as in the rest of UE, to downcycling operations. By defining planning strategies and digital tools and procedures, the research aims to facilitate the reuse of building elements from post-earthquake demolition and reconstruction operations. The final output of the research consists of a cloud database, a Digital Material Bank (DMB), of informed building elements from post-earthquake selective demolition operations that can be reused in the construction market as a secondary raw material. The CDW management of the 2016 Central Italy earthquake is identified as the scope of application, with a focus on the situation in the Marche region. Finally, the main limitations and possible future scenarios of the research are reported.
{"title":"From rubbles to digital material bank. A digital methodology for construction and demolition waste management in post-disaster areas","authors":"Pio Lorenzo Cocco, R. Ruggiero","doi":"10.35208/ert.1290843","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1290843","url":null,"abstract":"In 2020, European countries generated 807 mln tons of construction and demolition waste (CDW), accounting for 37.5% of total waste production. The UE Waste Framework Directive of 2008 established as a priority goal to increase the percentage of reuse, recycling and recovery of nonhazardous construction waste to a minimum of 70% by 2020. Pending the report that will define compliance with this goal, the average percentage currently stands at around 50%, of which only 3% involves upcycling operations. This doctoral research defines an operational methodology aimed at implementing digital processes for circularity in the AEC sector, with a focus on post-earthquake emergency Italian contexts. The treatment of CDW in earthquake-affected areas for the purpose of recovery/reuse, in a perspective of circularity, represents an underexplored field and limited, as in the rest of UE, to downcycling operations. By defining planning strategies and digital tools and procedures, the research aims to facilitate the reuse of building elements from post-earthquake demolition and reconstruction operations. The final output of the research consists of a cloud database, a Digital Material Bank (DMB), of informed building elements from post-earthquake selective demolition operations that can be reused in the construction market as a secondary raw material. The CDW management of the 2016 Central Italy earthquake is identified as the scope of application, with a focus on the situation in the Marche region. Finally, the main limitations and possible future scenarios of the research are reported.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121530860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Swimming is a physical activity that is accessible to people of all ages in all seasons. However, continuous organic and inorganic precursor load and disinfectant dosing make pool water chemistry much more complex than other disinfected waters. Carcinogenic bromate compound is one of the hundreds of disinfection by-products in pool water. The occurrence of bromate in pool waters depends on the precursor content of filling water, the disinfection process, operating parameters, and the purity of disinfectants. While the average filling water bromide concentrations of University Campus indoor swimming pool in Gülbahçe –Urla (SP1) and Buca public indoor swimming pool (SP2) were determined to be 182 μg/L and 11.0 μg/L, respectively, the average bromate concentrations of SP1 and SP2 were 59.4 μg/L and 68.3 μg/L. Estimated chronic-toxic health risks of accidental ingestion of pool water during swimming (between 10-3 and 10-1) were lower than the threshold level (‘1’). Although the carcinogenic risks in central tendency scenario (
{"title":"Occurrence of bromide and bromate in chlorinated indoor swimming pools, and associated health risks","authors":"Yetkin Dumanoglu, Mesut Genisoglu, S. C. Sofuoglu","doi":"10.35208/ert.1267181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1267181","url":null,"abstract":"Swimming is a physical activity that is accessible to people of all ages in all seasons. However, continuous organic and inorganic precursor load and disinfectant dosing make pool water chemistry much more complex than other disinfected waters. Carcinogenic bromate compound is one of the hundreds of disinfection by-products in pool water. The occurrence of bromate in pool waters depends on the precursor content of filling water, the disinfection process, operating parameters, and the purity of disinfectants. While the average filling water bromide concentrations of University Campus indoor swimming pool in Gülbahçe –Urla (SP1) and Buca public indoor swimming pool (SP2) were determined to be 182 μg/L and 11.0 μg/L, respectively, the average bromate concentrations of SP1 and SP2 were 59.4 μg/L and 68.3 μg/L. Estimated chronic-toxic health risks of accidental ingestion of pool water during swimming (between 10-3 and 10-1) were lower than the threshold level (‘1’). Although the carcinogenic risks in central tendency scenario (","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132639407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. RAMYA SRİ, P. Sambandam, Balaji Boopathi̇, Deepak JAMES RAJ, E. Kader
Clean air, renewable energy, climate change, safe environments, and the opportunity to live in a healthy community are just a few of the many issues that fall under the umbrella of environmental sustainability. The creation of bioenergy and biomaterials has the potential to retain the energy-environment relationship while simultaneously fostering cleaner, lower-carbon settings. Scientists are investigating renewable energy sources like ethanol to enhance sustainability and the planet›s health. Fuel ethanol is a feasible alternative to gasoline since it has a lower carbon footprint and a higher energy density. This research summarizes ethanol›s potential as a bio-sustainable fuel option for portable generators in India. Bio-ethanol testing was done on a portable generator with an ethanol-gasoline blend, and the findings are presented in this study. Compared to using standard gasoline, the results show 9% to 25% increased thermal efficiency and 6% to 28% decreased fuel usage. The results showed a decrease of 6%–23% in carbon monoxide and 3%–11% in unburned hydrocarbon emissions.
{"title":"Improved portable generator performance with bio-ethanol fuel and its impact on bio-sustainability","authors":"K. RAMYA SRİ, P. Sambandam, Balaji Boopathi̇, Deepak JAMES RAJ, E. Kader","doi":"10.35208/ert.1286121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1286121","url":null,"abstract":"Clean air, renewable energy, climate change, safe environments, and the opportunity to live in a healthy community are just a few of the many issues that fall under the umbrella of environmental sustainability. The creation of bioenergy and biomaterials has the potential to retain the energy-environment relationship while simultaneously fostering cleaner, lower-carbon settings. Scientists are investigating renewable energy sources like ethanol to enhance sustainability and the planet›s health. Fuel ethanol is a feasible alternative to gasoline since it has a lower carbon footprint and a higher energy density. This research summarizes ethanol›s potential as a bio-sustainable fuel option for portable generators in India. Bio-ethanol testing was done on a portable generator with an ethanol-gasoline blend, and the findings are presented in this study. Compared to using standard gasoline, the results show 9% to 25% increased thermal efficiency and 6% to 28% decreased fuel usage. The results showed a decrease of 6%–23% in carbon monoxide and 3%–11% in unburned hydrocarbon emissions.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114035094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study enumerates how product packaging amount to solid wastes among other Awka MSW constituents with the view to unfold green design or multiple re-useable product packaging as achievable means of minimizing solid waste in Awka Metropolis, Nigeria. Perhaps, there are locations with well managed or minimized packaging waste; accordingly, this study includes the review of some literatures on Awka MSW so as to note the extent of studies that have been published and made available in trendy media. Thus, the study is descriptive, literature-based and naturalistic observation -based in terms of estimated counting during the visitation to the selected areas. The findings reveal that studies on solid waste characterization, health, perception, behaviour of the populace in relation to solid waste and sustainability are ubiquitous. Still, the aspect of product packaging waste in the Awka metropolis has not been extensively studied; thus, present study fills this gap by aiming at unfolding green design or multiple re-useable product packaging as achievable means of minimizing solid waste in Awka Metropolis, Nigeria. However, this study in concord with prior studies shows that the product package among other solid waste occurs in a similar way in residential locations except other locations such as markets, schools, hospitals, municipal and industrial areas which have more of the litters of non-green packaging materials. Example is the plastic package with the largest quantity of generated solid waste within selected location in relation to other solid waste. Thus, the policy approach under which producers are given significant responsibility for waste prevention/diversion of post-consumer products should be ongoing through Private - Public Sector Partnerships (PPP) harmonized with EPR. This can be done by enhancing the concern of everybody (manufactures, consumers, organizations and other entrepreneurs including waste pickers/scavengers). Situation where by producers persuade the consumers through gainful or attractive means to return used product packages can be encouraged. Thus, the present study unfolds green design or multiple reuses of product packages as a means of attaining zero waste in Awka metropolis.
{"title":"Green Design or Multiple Re-useable Product Packaging as Regards Solid Waste in Selected Areas in Awka Metropolis, Nigeria","authors":"Ayorinde Samuel Oluyemi, Azuka OGBOGU-NZOİWU","doi":"10.35208/ert.1285944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1285944","url":null,"abstract":"This study enumerates how product packaging amount to solid wastes among other Awka MSW constituents with the view to unfold green design or multiple re-useable product packaging as achievable means of minimizing solid waste in Awka Metropolis, Nigeria. Perhaps, there are locations with well managed or minimized packaging waste; accordingly, this study includes the review of some literatures on Awka MSW so as to note the extent of studies that have been published and made available in trendy media. Thus, the study is descriptive, literature-based and naturalistic observation -based in terms of estimated counting during the visitation to the selected areas. The findings reveal that studies on solid waste characterization, health, perception, behaviour of the populace in relation to solid waste and sustainability are ubiquitous. Still, the aspect of product packaging waste in the Awka metropolis has not been extensively studied; thus, present study fills this gap by aiming at unfolding green design or multiple re-useable product packaging as achievable means of minimizing solid waste in Awka Metropolis, Nigeria. However, this study in concord with prior studies shows that the product package among other solid waste occurs in a similar way in residential locations except other locations such as markets, schools, hospitals, municipal and industrial areas which have more of the litters of non-green packaging materials. Example is the plastic package with the largest quantity of generated solid waste within selected location in relation to other solid waste. Thus, the policy approach under which producers are given significant responsibility for waste prevention/diversion of post-consumer products should be ongoing through Private - Public Sector Partnerships (PPP) harmonized with EPR. This can be done by enhancing the concern of everybody (manufactures, consumers, organizations and other entrepreneurs including waste pickers/scavengers). Situation where by producers persuade the consumers through gainful or attractive means to return used product packages can be encouraged. Thus, the present study unfolds green design or multiple reuses of product packages as a means of attaining zero waste in Awka metropolis.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129338258","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mechanization of work processes in agro-based industries through the employment of improved tools and/or equipment powered by either fuel or diesel engines reduce tedium and drudgery on the workers as well as improve the overall productivity and production. However, it also leads to health threat to the workers through environmental noise pollution. This study assessed the occupational noise exposure of workers in three different palm oil mills. The noise level was measured using a noise metering device (model 1352) and noise descriptors (L10, L50, L90, Lav, LAeq, Tspl, DOSE (%) and TWA). The occupational health effects of noise exposure were deduced using a semi-structured questionnaire. The noise exposure was assessed during the palm nut digestion, and nut and pulp separation job operations as the noise emanates from the diesel powered engine, palm nut digester and nut and pulp separator. The average noise levels obtained from the palm oil mills during palm nut digestion, 99.36 (SD = 4.16) dBA and pulp separation, 98.18 (SD = 3.07) dBA, exceeded the recommended 85 dBA for an 8-hour exposure period permissible noise exposure limit standard by the NIOSH. The self-reported effect of the noise exposure level on the workers was interference with communication - 100%, tinnitus - 70%, ringing sensation - 76.75%, and noise stress - 73.30% of the workers. This research will inform the operators of the need for appropriate personal protective equipment usage and equip Government regulatory agencies to make appropriate regulations in order to protect oil mill workers.
{"title":"Acoustic Safety Assessment of Palm Oil Mill Workers","authors":"A. Azodo, Smith Okwuchi Onyekwere","doi":"10.35208/ert.1230728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1230728","url":null,"abstract":"Mechanization of work processes in agro-based industries through the employment of improved tools and/or equipment powered by either fuel or diesel engines reduce tedium and drudgery on the workers as well as improve the overall productivity and production. However, it also leads to health threat to the workers through environmental noise pollution. This study assessed the occupational noise exposure of workers in three different palm oil mills. The noise level was measured using a noise metering device (model 1352) and noise descriptors (L10, L50, L90, Lav, LAeq, Tspl, DOSE (%) and TWA). The occupational health effects of noise exposure were deduced using a semi-structured questionnaire. The noise exposure was assessed during the palm nut digestion, and nut and pulp separation job operations as the noise emanates from the diesel powered engine, palm nut digester and nut and pulp separator. The average noise levels obtained from the palm oil mills during palm nut digestion, 99.36 (SD = 4.16) dBA and pulp separation, 98.18 (SD = 3.07) dBA, exceeded the recommended 85 dBA for an 8-hour exposure period permissible noise exposure limit standard by the NIOSH. The self-reported effect of the noise exposure level on the workers was interference with communication - 100%, tinnitus - 70%, ringing sensation - 76.75%, and noise stress - 73.30% of the workers. This research will inform the operators of the need for appropriate personal protective equipment usage and equip Government regulatory agencies to make appropriate regulations in order to protect oil mill workers.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126605027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Air pollution in urban areas increases as a result of emitted air from different sources within the mixing layer of troposphere. Air pollution and/or odor pollution may arise from; point (industrial), line (urban:traffic, polluted water bodies and flows) and clustered emission sources like (waste, wastewater, and urban due to improper waste management). Odor pollution is amongst the primary reasons behind environmental nuisance and occurrence of citizen complaints. Frequent exposure to odorous compounds and/or odor nuisance are increasingly associated with air pollution problems. Besides, there is no universally accepted environmental odor management method reported so far. Level of air pollutants emission (based on fuel quality, industrial development, population, population density, etc.), distance of emission sources to residential areas, topography and geographical conditions and meteorological conditions are amongst the factors that have influence on imposed level of air pollution and odor pollution in cities. As the number of citizen-generated data (CGD) projects in Europe is very likely to grow, this study is built on the citizen odor complaint data (based on frequency, intensity, duration, odor tone and location (defined as FIDOL factors) collected in Çorlu/Tekirdağ through the GIS integrated public participated odor complaint collection platform, namely the Çorlu KODER mobile application. The annual odor complaint data was briefly introduced and given an evaluation with the mobile app users demographic information. The obtained data between August 28-November 2 of 2021, was subjected to interpretative evaluation and statistical analysis with BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylene benzene and xylen) concentrations representative of odorous Volatile organic carbon(VOC), inorganic air pollution concentrations and meteorological factors. In light of the obtained results, temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and toluene concentration were found to play a significant role on the number of citizen odor complaints. The average Toluene/benzene ratios obtained during the study show that; non-traffic sources contribute significantly to VOC emissions. Based on statistical analysis findings concerning BTEX measurements and number of odor complaints; transportation mechanism from neighbouring OIZ settlements become a prominent justification and support the hypothesis that residential areas of Corlu are under the effect of industrial air pollution and odor pollution constituents. Also, windspeed have a determining role on increase of odor complaints issues, specifically within certain intervals (below 2.4 m/s, the average number of odor complaints tend to increase, while above this level odor complaints are diminished)
{"title":"Interpretation of Odor Complaint Records with BTEX Pollutants and Meteorological Factors: Çorlu case study","authors":"C. B. Özkal, L. Tecer","doi":"10.35208/ert.1235618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1235618","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution in urban areas increases as a result of emitted air from different sources within the mixing layer of troposphere. Air pollution and/or odor pollution may arise from; point (industrial), line (urban:traffic, polluted water bodies and flows) and clustered emission sources like (waste, wastewater, and urban due to improper waste management). Odor pollution is amongst the primary reasons behind environmental nuisance and occurrence of citizen complaints. Frequent exposure to odorous compounds and/or odor nuisance are increasingly associated with air pollution problems. Besides, there is no universally accepted environmental odor management method reported so far. Level of air pollutants emission (based on fuel quality, industrial development, population, population density, etc.), distance of emission sources to residential areas, topography and geographical conditions and meteorological conditions are amongst the factors that have influence on imposed level of air pollution and odor pollution in cities. \u0000As the number of citizen-generated data (CGD) projects in Europe is very likely to grow, this study is built on the citizen odor complaint data (based on frequency, intensity, duration, odor tone and location (defined as FIDOL factors) collected in Çorlu/Tekirdağ through the GIS integrated public participated odor complaint collection platform, namely the Çorlu KODER mobile application. The annual odor complaint data was briefly introduced and given an evaluation with the mobile app users demographic information. The obtained data between August 28-November 2 of 2021, was subjected to interpretative evaluation and statistical analysis with BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylene benzene and xylen) concentrations representative of odorous Volatile organic carbon(VOC), inorganic air pollution concentrations and meteorological factors. In light of the obtained results, temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and toluene concentration were found to play a significant role on the number of citizen odor complaints. \u0000 The average Toluene/benzene ratios obtained during the study show that; non-traffic sources contribute significantly to VOC emissions. Based on statistical analysis findings concerning BTEX measurements and number of odor complaints; transportation mechanism from neighbouring OIZ settlements become a prominent justification and support the hypothesis that residential areas of Corlu are under the effect of industrial air pollution and odor pollution constituents. Also, windspeed have a determining role on increase of odor complaints issues, specifically within certain intervals (below 2.4 m/s, the average number of odor complaints tend to increase, while above this level odor complaints are diminished)","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131106236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Landfill biomining (LFBM) has been proposed as a viable method for the reclamation of legacy waste dumpsites as well as the subsequent recovery of valuable resources and land value spaces. Despite these advantages, the potential of LFBM faces a significant challenge due to the composition, characteristics and end-use of the excavated materials. This paper assesses the composition of the excavated waste obtained during the LFBM operation of the four legacy waste heaps at the Boragaon dumpsite in North-East India and determines the physicochemical characteristics crucial for the material and energy recovery from the key reclaimed fractions. The compositional analysis revealed that the proportion of combustible and non-combustible fractions decreases from the youngest heap HP4 to the oldest heap HP1 due to variations in the consumption habits of the local community and the inadequate recycling of recyclable materials. However, the proportion of fine fraction (FF) shows an increasing trend from HP4 to HP1, suggesting enhanced biodegradation of easily degradable waste over the years. The proximate and energy content analysis suggest that refuse-derived fuel (RDF) preparation is the most suitable valorization option for the combustible fractions since surface defilements are too high for good quality material recovery. The elevated amount of organic matter and leachable heavy metals indicate that unrestricted reuse of FF as earth-fill material can cause long-term settlements and groundwater contamination, respectively. Even though every dumpsite is different in characteristics, the findings of this case study can assist in developing new strategies for recycling excavated waste.
{"title":"Composition and Characteristics of Excavated Materials from a Legacy Waste Dumpsite: Potential of Landfill Biomining","authors":"A. Ghosh, S. Kartha","doi":"10.35208/ert.1245574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1245574","url":null,"abstract":"Landfill biomining (LFBM) has been proposed as a viable method for the reclamation of legacy waste dumpsites as well as the subsequent recovery of valuable resources and land value spaces. Despite these advantages, the potential of LFBM faces a significant challenge due to the composition, characteristics and end-use of the excavated materials. This paper assesses the composition of the excavated waste obtained during the LFBM operation of the four legacy waste heaps at the Boragaon dumpsite in North-East India and determines the physicochemical characteristics crucial for the material and energy recovery from the key reclaimed fractions. The compositional analysis revealed that the proportion of combustible and non-combustible fractions decreases from the youngest heap HP4 to the oldest heap HP1 due to variations in the consumption habits of the local community and the inadequate recycling of recyclable materials. However, the proportion of fine fraction (FF) shows an increasing trend from HP4 to HP1, suggesting enhanced biodegradation of easily degradable waste over the years. The proximate and energy content analysis suggest that refuse-derived fuel (RDF) preparation is the most suitable valorization option for the combustible fractions since surface defilements are too high for good quality material recovery. The elevated amount of organic matter and leachable heavy metals indicate that unrestricted reuse of FF as earth-fill material can cause long-term settlements and groundwater contamination, respectively. Even though every dumpsite is different in characteristics, the findings of this case study can assist in developing new strategies for recycling excavated waste.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114232135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Damla ÇAPAN MUSTAFAOĞLU, Ş. Korkmaz, Zeynep Ceylan
Corresponding to the rapid increase in population, the increase in the number of domestic wastewater treatment plants, as well as the increase in domestic sludge levels above acceptable levels, pave the way to utilize sewage sludge in a variety of different applications and usage areas. Using sewage sludge in agriculture, landscape plant cultivation, and other agricultural areas has a number of advantages, including the ability to make rational use of waste without damaging the environment as well as delivering fertilizer benefits to the plant due to the high organic matter content of the wastewater sludge. Aside from these advantages, the most serious drawbacks of waste sewage are pathogenic bacteria, heavy metal contamination, and the presence of potentially hazardous compounds. The use of existing waste in the soil in appropriate proportions and in methods that are compatible with ecological life, on the other hand, will contribute to the fertilization of agricultural areas, providing an alternative to the fertilizer industry. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, are a global call to action to end poverty, safeguard the environment, and guarantee that everyone lives in peace and prosperity. It is expected that this research will help to promote awareness about the reuse of waste within the context of a sustainable environment, as well as shed light on the application of sewage sludge to agricultural fields in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals. Furthermore, the support for sewage sludge recycling in agricultural regions for long-term development goals is shown.
{"title":"RECYCLING DOMESTIC SEWAGE SLUDGE TO AGRICULTURAL AND FARMING AREAS IN LINE WITH SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS (SDG)","authors":"Damla ÇAPAN MUSTAFAOĞLU, Ş. Korkmaz, Zeynep Ceylan","doi":"10.35208/ert.1225027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1225027","url":null,"abstract":"Corresponding to the rapid increase in population, the increase in the number of domestic wastewater treatment plants, as well as the increase in domestic sludge levels above acceptable levels, pave the way to utilize sewage sludge in a variety of different applications and usage areas. Using sewage sludge in agriculture, landscape plant cultivation, and other agricultural areas has a number of advantages, including the ability to make rational use of waste without damaging the environment as well as delivering fertilizer benefits to the plant due to the high organic matter content of the wastewater sludge. Aside from these advantages, the most serious drawbacks of waste sewage are pathogenic bacteria, heavy metal contamination, and the presence of potentially hazardous compounds. The use of existing waste in the soil in appropriate proportions and in methods that are compatible with ecological life, on the other hand, will contribute to the fertilization of agricultural areas, providing an alternative to the fertilizer industry. The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), also known as the Global Goals, are a global call to action to end poverty, safeguard the environment, and guarantee that everyone lives in peace and prosperity. It is expected that this research will help to promote awareness about the reuse of waste within the context of a sustainable environment, as well as shed light on the application of sewage sludge to agricultural fields in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals. Furthermore, the support for sewage sludge recycling in agricultural regions for long-term development goals is shown.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132607533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A large quantity of poultry litter is globally generated as a result of expanding poultry industry. From several alternative technologies, one of the most feasible management for this waste is combustion, which exhausts poultry litter ash (PLA) as the main by-product. In this study, a PLA sample was examined for its utilization potential as a raw material for phosphorus-based fertilizer. According to the experimental results, Ca, P and K were determined as the major elements in the PLA sample with 29.54, 6.13 and 4.96%, respectively. Although the sample contains 2472 ppm Zn and 922 ppm Cu, their solubility determined by the leaching test is below the toxicity limit for hazardous waste. In terms of the major elements, about 290 mg/l Ca was detected in the leachate, resulting in a pH value higher than 13, whereas P concentration was found only 0.0092 mg/l. These two crucial results constitute the major difficulties for direct use of the PLA as a fertilizer. On the other hand, a usable P-rich product with low heavy metal contents and neutral pH can be obtained through acidification, heavy metal removal and neutralization processes. However, in this case, the feasibility of processes to be used should be carefully considered in economic point of view. In conclusion, direct application of the PLA sample examined as P-based fertilizer is not possible without any pre-treatments mainly due to its very high alkalinity and the low water solubility of P.
{"title":"Utilization Potential of Poultry Litter Ash as Phosphorus-Based Fertilizer","authors":"İ. Acar","doi":"10.35208/ert.1243895","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1243895","url":null,"abstract":"A large quantity of poultry litter is globally generated as a result of expanding poultry industry. From several alternative technologies, one of the most feasible management for this waste is combustion, which exhausts poultry litter ash (PLA) as the main by-product. In this study, a PLA sample was examined for its utilization potential as a raw material for phosphorus-based fertilizer. According to the experimental results, Ca, P and K were determined as the major elements in the PLA sample with 29.54, 6.13 and 4.96%, respectively. Although the sample contains 2472 ppm Zn and 922 ppm Cu, their solubility determined by the leaching test is below the toxicity limit for hazardous waste. In terms of the major elements, about 290 mg/l Ca was detected in the leachate, resulting in a pH value higher than 13, whereas P concentration was found only 0.0092 mg/l. These two crucial results constitute the major difficulties for direct use of the PLA as a fertilizer. On the other hand, a usable P-rich product with low heavy metal contents and neutral pH can be obtained through acidification, heavy metal removal and neutralization processes. However, in this case, the feasibility of processes to be used should be carefully considered in economic point of view. In conclusion, direct application of the PLA sample examined as P-based fertilizer is not possible without any pre-treatments mainly due to its very high alkalinity and the low water solubility of P.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133758090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The evaluation of wastes from edible oil production industry has increasing importance because of resources deficiency and growing population day by day. It was aimed to investigate the recovery potential of oil and valuable components such as total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activities with conventional and green extraction methods from edible sunflower oil production wastes. Firstly, Soxhlet extraction was applied on the waste samples from filtration of the oil and then supercritical CO2 (SC- CO2) extraction was performed to compare extraction yield. The statistical evaluation of the SC- CO2 extraction experiments was conducted with the Minitab Software program. It was concluded that 37% extraction yield was obtained with the mixture of perlite and waste sample, while the highest recovery was observed as 27% for the perlite-free sample. The interaction of independent variables (temperature and pressure) on the recovery yields were determined as significant (p=0.002). Pressure was detected more effective on the valuable substance contents of the extracts than temperature. The most efficient conditions were 50 oC and 22.1 MPa for oil recovery, while 60 oC and 20 MPa for valuable substance recovery.
{"title":"Investigation of Conversion of Sunflower Oil Production Wastes to High Value Compounds by Supercritical CO2","authors":"Müberra Nur Kiliçarslan, M. E. Argun","doi":"10.35208/ert.1245691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.35208/ert.1245691","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation of wastes from edible oil production industry has increasing importance because of resources deficiency and growing population day by day. It was aimed to investigate the recovery potential of oil and valuable components such as total phenolic contents (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and antioxidant activities with conventional and green extraction methods from edible sunflower oil production wastes. Firstly, Soxhlet extraction was applied on the waste samples from filtration of the oil and then supercritical CO2 (SC- CO2) extraction was performed to compare extraction yield. The statistical evaluation of the SC- CO2 extraction experiments was conducted with the Minitab Software program. It was concluded that 37% extraction yield was obtained with the mixture of perlite and waste sample, while the highest recovery was observed as 27% for the perlite-free sample. The interaction of independent variables (temperature and pressure) on the recovery yields were determined as significant (p=0.002). Pressure was detected more effective on the valuable substance contents of the extracts than temperature. The most efficient conditions were 50 oC and 22.1 MPa for oil recovery, while 60 oC and 20 MPa for valuable substance recovery.","PeriodicalId":126818,"journal":{"name":"Environmental Research and Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128737375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：