Wesley O. Smith, Jessica E. Rettig, Logan E. Smith, Geoffrey R. Smith
Abstract. We examined the prevalence (% of turtles examined) of leeches (Placobdella parasitica) and algae (likely Arnoldiella sp.) on Chrysemys picta found in 4 recently created ponds in central Ohio. Chrysemys picta in ponds with fish were less likely to have leeches and more likely to have algae than those in ponds without fish. Across all ponds, males and females did not differ in leech or algal prevalence, whereas adults were more likely to have leeches than juveniles, but did not differ in algal prevalence.
{"title":"Prevalence of Leeches and Algae on Painted Turtles (Chrysemys picta) in Four Created Ponds in Central Ohio: Effects of Pond, Sex, and Age Class","authors":"Wesley O. Smith, Jessica E. Rettig, Logan E. Smith, Geoffrey R. Smith","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1477.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1477.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. We examined the prevalence (% of turtles examined) of leeches (Placobdella parasitica) and algae (likely Arnoldiella sp.) on Chrysemys picta found in 4 recently created ponds in central Ohio. Chrysemys picta in ponds with fish were less likely to have leeches and more likely to have algae than those in ponds without fish. Across all ponds, males and females did not differ in leech or algal prevalence, whereas adults were more likely to have leeches than juveniles, but did not differ in algal prevalence.","PeriodicalId":126915,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology: Celebrating 25 Years as the World's Turtle and Tortoise Journal","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131594616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Cross, Jennifer Mayer, Terry Breymaier, Justin A. Chiotti, Kent Bekker
Abstract. Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) are considered threatened or endangered throughout most of their range. A critical step in determining appropriate conservation actions for this species is assessing the status of remaining populations. The long-term surveys required to adequately document population trends are lacking, as they are generally labor-intensive and time-consuming. We used community and citizen science–collected data and free pattern-recognition software to conduct a mark–recapture study on female Blanding's turtles in a northwest Ohio wetland. Over a 5-yr period, community and citizen scientists gathered 155 images of 65 individual female Blanding's turtles. Our results suggest the wetland has a population of 87 (95% CI = 74–116; SE = 10.1) adult female Blanding's turtles. Deriving preliminary population estimates from photographic recapture data is an example of how the efforts of community and citizen scientists can benefit ongoing research projects and conservation efforts.
摘要布兰丁龟(Emydoidea blandingii)在其大部分活动范围内被认为受到威胁或濒临灭绝。确定适当保护措施的关键步骤是评估剩余种群的状况。缺乏充分记录人口趋势所需的长期调查，因为这些调查通常是劳动密集和耗时的。我们使用社区和公民科学收集的数据和免费的模式识别软件对俄亥俄州西北部湿地的雌性布兰丁龟进行了标记-再捕获研究。在5年的时间里，社区和公民科学家收集了65只雌性布兰丁龟的155张照片。我们的研究结果表明，该湿地有87个种群(95% CI = 74-116;(SE = 10.1)成年雌性布兰丁氏龟。从照片再捕捉数据中得出初步的种群估计是社区和公民科学家如何努力使正在进行的研究项目和保护工作受益的一个例子。
{"title":"Estimating Population Size of a Threatened Turtle Using Community and Citizen Science","authors":"M. Cross, Jennifer Mayer, Terry Breymaier, Justin A. Chiotti, Kent Bekker","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1384.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1384.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Blanding's turtles (Emydoidea blandingii) are considered threatened or endangered throughout most of their range. A critical step in determining appropriate conservation actions for this species is assessing the status of remaining populations. The long-term surveys required to adequately document population trends are lacking, as they are generally labor-intensive and time-consuming. We used community and citizen science–collected data and free pattern-recognition software to conduct a mark–recapture study on female Blanding's turtles in a northwest Ohio wetland. Over a 5-yr period, community and citizen scientists gathered 155 images of 65 individual female Blanding's turtles. Our results suggest the wetland has a population of 87 (95% CI = 74–116; SE = 10.1) adult female Blanding's turtles. Deriving preliminary population estimates from photographic recapture data is an example of how the efforts of community and citizen scientists can benefit ongoing research projects and conservation efforts.","PeriodicalId":126915,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology: Celebrating 25 Years as the World's Turtle and Tortoise Journal","volume":"412 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121704314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Fábio A. G. Cunha, C. Fagundes, E. S. Brito, R. Vogt, Fábio Maffei, J. Pezzuti, Daniely Félix-Silva, Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic, C. Lasso, Mónica A. Morales-Betancourt, V. T. de Carvalho, João Valsecchi do Amaral, R. A. Balestra, Mariel Acácio, Adriana Malvasio, A. P. G. Lustosa
Abstract. The matamatas (Chelus fimbriata and the recently described Chelus orinocensis) are the largest species in the family Chelidae, easily identified by their distinct morphological characteristics. The matamatas have a wide distribution in South America, occurring in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, French Guiana, Peru, and Venezuela, as well as Trinidad and Tobago. However, there are many gaps in the knowledge of its distribution. The objective of this study was to present new records of occurrence for the C. fimbriata species complex and describe the area of distribution. We compiled data from published papers, databases in museums and other scientific collections, and research institutes and conservation organizations. From these data we mapped the species distribution, considering 3 types of river drainages based on water color in the Amazon Basin. We added 182 new records in Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru, demonstrating that the C. fimbriata species complex has a wide distribution, totaling 6,907,551 km2 across all 3 river types. Most records were concentrated in areas lower than 200 m above sea level.
{"title":"Distribution of Chelus fimbriata and Chelus orinocensis (Testudines: Chelidae)","authors":"Fábio A. G. Cunha, C. Fagundes, E. S. Brito, R. Vogt, Fábio Maffei, J. Pezzuti, Daniely Félix-Silva, Fernando J. M. Rojas-Runjaic, C. Lasso, Mónica A. Morales-Betancourt, V. T. de Carvalho, João Valsecchi do Amaral, R. A. Balestra, Mariel Acácio, Adriana Malvasio, A. P. G. Lustosa","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1398.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1398.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The matamatas (Chelus fimbriata and the recently described Chelus orinocensis) are the largest species in the family Chelidae, easily identified by their distinct morphological characteristics. The matamatas have a wide distribution in South America, occurring in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, French Guiana, Peru, and Venezuela, as well as Trinidad and Tobago. However, there are many gaps in the knowledge of its distribution. The objective of this study was to present new records of occurrence for the C. fimbriata species complex and describe the area of distribution. We compiled data from published papers, databases in museums and other scientific collections, and research institutes and conservation organizations. From these data we mapped the species distribution, considering 3 types of river drainages based on water color in the Amazon Basin. We added 182 new records in Brazil, Venezuela, Colombia, Bolivia, and Peru, demonstrating that the C. fimbriata species complex has a wide distribution, totaling 6,907,551 km2 across all 3 river types. Most records were concentrated in areas lower than 200 m above sea level.","PeriodicalId":126915,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology: Celebrating 25 Years as the World's Turtle and Tortoise Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130962997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dustin F. Garig, J. Ennen, Saidee J. Hyder, Taylor Simmonds, Andrew J. Feltmann, R. Colvin, Jeremy Dennison, Luke Pearson, B. Kreiser, S. C. Sweat, J. Davenport
Abstract. Western alligator snapping turtles, Macrochelys temminckii, have experienced population declines throughout most of their distribution. The present study is the first to systematically sample aquatic habitats of western Tennessee to assess the status and distribution of this species within the state. At the 65 sites sampled, we captured 22 individual alligator snapping turtles from 4 sites, including 1 site where juveniles had been reintroduced more than a decade prior. We conclude that M. temminckii occurs at very low densities in western Tennessee, likely due to historical habitat modification (e.g., channelizing rivers or ditching).
{"title":"Status of the Alligator Snapping Turtle, Macrochelys temminckii, in West Tennessee","authors":"Dustin F. Garig, J. Ennen, Saidee J. Hyder, Taylor Simmonds, Andrew J. Feltmann, R. Colvin, Jeremy Dennison, Luke Pearson, B. Kreiser, S. C. Sweat, J. Davenport","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1471.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1471.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. Western alligator snapping turtles, Macrochelys temminckii, have experienced population declines throughout most of their distribution. The present study is the first to systematically sample aquatic habitats of western Tennessee to assess the status and distribution of this species within the state. At the 65 sites sampled, we captured 22 individual alligator snapping turtles from 4 sites, including 1 site where juveniles had been reintroduced more than a decade prior. We conclude that M. temminckii occurs at very low densities in western Tennessee, likely due to historical habitat modification (e.g., channelizing rivers or ditching).","PeriodicalId":126915,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology: Celebrating 25 Years as the World's Turtle and Tortoise Journal","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134409482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract. A review of laboratory and field data, together with recent growth experiments, show that Chelydra serpentina, the common snapping turtle, is unable to hypoosmoregulate in salinities more concentrated than their internal osmotic concentration, about one third that of seawater (100% seawater is defined as 35 parts per thousand = 1000 milliosmoles). Circumstantial evidence suggests an understanding of the nascent stages of adaptation of freshwater vertebrates to high salinity habitats should include incidental immune system effects. Recent advances in the study of autoimmunity and ecoimmunology indicate the immune system of vertebrates plays an integrative role in maintaining homeostasis in the face of changing internal and external stimuli and may clarify why a small percentage of snapping turtle hatchlings can grow at relatively high salinities, at least up to 40% seawater.
{"title":"Perspectives on Salinity, Immunity, and the Common Snapping Turtle","authors":"Joseph J. Kinneary","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1469.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1469.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. A review of laboratory and field data, together with recent growth experiments, show that Chelydra serpentina, the common snapping turtle, is unable to hypoosmoregulate in salinities more concentrated than their internal osmotic concentration, about one third that of seawater (100% seawater is defined as 35 parts per thousand = 1000 milliosmoles). Circumstantial evidence suggests an understanding of the nascent stages of adaptation of freshwater vertebrates to high salinity habitats should include incidental immune system effects. Recent advances in the study of autoimmunity and ecoimmunology indicate the immune system of vertebrates plays an integrative role in maintaining homeostasis in the face of changing internal and external stimuli and may clarify why a small percentage of snapping turtle hatchlings can grow at relatively high salinities, at least up to 40% seawater.","PeriodicalId":126915,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology: Celebrating 25 Years as the World's Turtle and Tortoise Journal","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134590231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Weitzman, Bridgette E. Hagerty, F. Sandmeier, C. Tracy
Abstract. The northeastern extreme of the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) distribution near Zion National Park in Utah is contested as a natural range limit because of its suboptimal habitat and known anthropogenic movements of tortoises. In this study, we added microsatellite data from nine tortoises from the Zion area to a previously published population genetic analysis to determine the tortoises' likely origins. Our results suggest that both anthropogenic tortoise movements and descendants of local tortoises make up the individuals found near Zion.
{"title":"Desert Tortoises in Zion National Park Represent a Natural Extension of Their Range","authors":"C. Weitzman, Bridgette E. Hagerty, F. Sandmeier, C. Tracy","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1457.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1457.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The northeastern extreme of the Mojave desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) distribution near Zion National Park in Utah is contested as a natural range limit because of its suboptimal habitat and known anthropogenic movements of tortoises. In this study, we added microsatellite data from nine tortoises from the Zion area to a previously published population genetic analysis to determine the tortoises' likely origins. Our results suggest that both anthropogenic tortoise movements and descendants of local tortoises make up the individuals found near Zion.","PeriodicalId":126915,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology: Celebrating 25 Years as the World's Turtle and Tortoise Journal","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124985667","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Macip-Ríos, Carlos Anaya Merchant, Eder Gaona Murillo, Alejandro Montiel Ugalde, Miriam De La Cruz-Merlo
Abstract. With 6 subspecies described, the rough-footed mud turtle (Kinosternon hirtipes) has been considered a species with high morphological diversity. One subspecies, K. h. megacephalum, is already extinct. The remaining subspecies are poorly studied, with very limited information available only for K. h. murrayi (a widespread subspecies). The remaining taxa (K. h. tarascense, K. h. chapalense, K. h. magdalense, and K. h. hirtipes) are microendemic and restricted to endorheic valleys in the Mexican Transvolcanic Belt. Using baited fyke nets, hoop traps, and a seine, we surveyed for these microendemic subspecies for 3 yrs across their known distributions. With the data gathered in the field and published information, we conducted a population viability analysis (PVA) to model the minimum characteristics needed to improve population growth under 3 scenarios (optimistic, intermediate, and pessimistic). Very few K. hirtipes turtles were collected. No K. h. chapalense were located in Lake Chapala, but we did capture 4 individuals in Lake Zapotlan. Similarly, only 6 individuals of K. h. magdalense were captured. No K. h. hirtipes individuals were collected in the Valley of México. Two populations of K. h. tarascense were located in the Pátzcuaro basin: the first populations reported for that subspecies. The PVA showed that harvest on adults in populations with fewer than 200 turtles significantly compromises population persistence. However, a population size of 200 and limited or no harvest are enough to increase population size and persistence for at least 100 yrs. Assurance colonies and head-starting may be the only chance for long-term survival of some of these microendemic turtle lineages.
摘要粗足泥龟(Kinosternon hirtipes)有6个亚种，被认为是一种形态多样性很高的物种。其中一个亚种，巨头猿已经灭绝。其余亚种的研究很少，只有K. h. murrayi(一种广泛分布的亚种)的信息非常有限。其余分类群(K. h. tarascense, K. h. chapalense, K. h. magdalense和K. h. hirtipes)是微地方性的，局限于墨西哥跨火山带的内陆山谷。我们使用带饵的网、环形陷阱和围网，对这些已知分布的微地方性亚种进行了3年的调查。利用野外收集的数据和已发表的信息，我们进行了种群生存力分析(PVA)，以模拟3种情景(乐观、中等和悲观)下改善种群增长所需的最小特征。收集到的赤蠵龟很少。查帕拉湖没有发现K. h. chapalense，但我们在Zapotlan湖捕获了4只。同样，只捕获了6只马格达伦斯大鼠。在姆萨西科河谷未发现赤颊颊虫个体。在Pátzcuaro盆地中发现了两个居群，这是该亚种首次报道的居群。PVA显示，在少于200只海龟的种群中，对成年海龟的捕捞严重损害了种群的持久性。然而，200个种群规模和有限或没有收获足以增加种群规模和持久性至少100年。保证群落和抢先开始可能是这些微型地方性龟系长期生存的唯一机会。
{"title":"Population Viability Analysis of Kinosternon hirtipes murrayi in Central México, with Notes on the Conservation Status of the Other Three Subspecies of the Lineage","authors":"R. Macip-Ríos, Carlos Anaya Merchant, Eder Gaona Murillo, Alejandro Montiel Ugalde, Miriam De La Cruz-Merlo","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1436.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1436.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. With 6 subspecies described, the rough-footed mud turtle (Kinosternon hirtipes) has been considered a species with high morphological diversity. One subspecies, K. h. megacephalum, is already extinct. The remaining subspecies are poorly studied, with very limited information available only for K. h. murrayi (a widespread subspecies). The remaining taxa (K. h. tarascense, K. h. chapalense, K. h. magdalense, and K. h. hirtipes) are microendemic and restricted to endorheic valleys in the Mexican Transvolcanic Belt. Using baited fyke nets, hoop traps, and a seine, we surveyed for these microendemic subspecies for 3 yrs across their known distributions. With the data gathered in the field and published information, we conducted a population viability analysis (PVA) to model the minimum characteristics needed to improve population growth under 3 scenarios (optimistic, intermediate, and pessimistic). Very few K. hirtipes turtles were collected. No K. h. chapalense were located in Lake Chapala, but we did capture 4 individuals in Lake Zapotlan. Similarly, only 6 individuals of K. h. magdalense were captured. No K. h. hirtipes individuals were collected in the Valley of México. Two populations of K. h. tarascense were located in the Pátzcuaro basin: the first populations reported for that subspecies. The PVA showed that harvest on adults in populations with fewer than 200 turtles significantly compromises population persistence. However, a population size of 200 and limited or no harvest are enough to increase population size and persistence for at least 100 yrs. Assurance colonies and head-starting may be the only chance for long-term survival of some of these microendemic turtle lineages.","PeriodicalId":126915,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology: Celebrating 25 Years as the World's Turtle and Tortoise Journal","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132116124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Taggert G. Butterfield, Félix García-Caballero, Abel Domínguez-Pompa, R. Macip-Ríos
Abstract. The Sierra Box Turtle, Terrapene nelsoni, comprises 2 recognized subspecies that are distributed across the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain chain in western Mexico and little is known about their natural history. We present new information on the natural history of Terrapene nelsoni klauberi. Our study area was the Monte Mojino reserve located within the larger Sierra de Alamos–Río Cuchujaqui federal protected area in southeastern Sonora. We located 49 individuals in 3 different vegetation types: 4 were found at 600 m above sea level (masl) in the tropical dry forest, 4 at 1000 masl in grassy oak (Quercus spp.) savannah, and 41 at 1300 masl in pine(Pinus spp.)–oak forest. Seven turtles were monitored using radiotelemetry and have the average home range size of 1.7 ha. The areas we sampled appear to consist of mainly adults and the sex ratio is female-biased (1♂:1.5♀). Cloacal temperatures of active turtles and their immediate surroundings suggest that T. n. klauberi actively maintain their body temperature above the surrounding temperatures. Males also have higher average body temperatures than females (29.58°C ± 2.26°C vs. 27.35°C ± 2.71°C). We found no significant patterns of sexual dimorphism in carapace length (i.e., sexual size dimorphism) but did find sexual dimorphism in head size. We also found that 44% of males and 22% of females had severe damage to their marginal scutes, possibly from a local predator or from enduring bites over time from other turtles. Lastly, we observed T. n. klauberi foraging on beetles, mushrooms, grass, and wildflowers. These findings provide a first insight into the natural history of T. n. klauberi and how this species is distributed across different elevations and vegetation types. This information provides a starting point to assess the conservation status of this species. However, this species remains unstudied throughout the rest of its geographic range.
摘要塞拉箱龟，Terrapene nelsoni，由两个公认的亚种组成，分布在墨西哥西部的马德雷西部山脉，对它们的自然历史知之甚少。我们提出了新的资料，在自然历史的Terrapene nelsoni klauberi。我们的研究区域是位于索诺拉东南部较大的Sierra de Alamos-Río Cuchujaqui联邦保护区内的Monte Mojino保护区。在3种不同的植被类型中，分别在海拔600 m (masl)的热带干燥林中发现了4个个体，在海拔1000 m (Quercus spp.)的草原中发现了4个个体，在海拔1300 m (Pinus spp.)的松林中发现了41个个体。利用无线电遥测技术监测了7只海龟，它们的平均活动范围为1.7公顷。我们取样的区域似乎主要由成人组成，性别比例偏向于雌性(1公:1.5♀)。活跃的海龟及其周围环境的粪腔温度表明，T. n. klauberi积极地保持其体温高于周围温度。男性的平均体温也高于女性(29.58°C±2.26°C vs. 27.35°C±2.71°C)。我们在甲壳长度(即性别大小)上没有发现明显的性别二态性模式，但在头部大小上确实发现了性别二态性。我们还发现，44%的雄性和22%的雌性海龟的边缘鳞片严重受损，可能是来自当地的捕食者，也可能是长期被其他海龟咬伤。最后，我们观察到了klauberi对甲虫、蘑菇、草和野花的觅食。这些发现为了解T. n. klauberi的自然历史以及该物种如何在不同海拔和植被类型中分布提供了第一个视角。这些信息为评估该物种的保护状况提供了一个起点。然而，该物种在其地理分布范围的其余部分仍未被研究。
{"title":"A First Look into the Natural History of the Sierra Box Turtle (Terrapene nelsoni klauberi) in Southeast Sonora, Mexico","authors":"Taggert G. Butterfield, Félix García-Caballero, Abel Domínguez-Pompa, R. Macip-Ríos","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1456.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1456.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Sierra Box Turtle, Terrapene nelsoni, comprises 2 recognized subspecies that are distributed across the Sierra Madre Occidental mountain chain in western Mexico and little is known about their natural history. We present new information on the natural history of Terrapene nelsoni klauberi. Our study area was the Monte Mojino reserve located within the larger Sierra de Alamos–Río Cuchujaqui federal protected area in southeastern Sonora. We located 49 individuals in 3 different vegetation types: 4 were found at 600 m above sea level (masl) in the tropical dry forest, 4 at 1000 masl in grassy oak (Quercus spp.) savannah, and 41 at 1300 masl in pine(Pinus spp.)–oak forest. Seven turtles were monitored using radiotelemetry and have the average home range size of 1.7 ha. The areas we sampled appear to consist of mainly adults and the sex ratio is female-biased (1♂:1.5♀). Cloacal temperatures of active turtles and their immediate surroundings suggest that T. n. klauberi actively maintain their body temperature above the surrounding temperatures. Males also have higher average body temperatures than females (29.58°C ± 2.26°C vs. 27.35°C ± 2.71°C). We found no significant patterns of sexual dimorphism in carapace length (i.e., sexual size dimorphism) but did find sexual dimorphism in head size. We also found that 44% of males and 22% of females had severe damage to their marginal scutes, possibly from a local predator or from enduring bites over time from other turtles. Lastly, we observed T. n. klauberi foraging on beetles, mushrooms, grass, and wildflowers. These findings provide a first insight into the natural history of T. n. klauberi and how this species is distributed across different elevations and vegetation types. This information provides a starting point to assess the conservation status of this species. However, this species remains unstudied throughout the rest of its geographic range.","PeriodicalId":126915,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology: Celebrating 25 Years as the World's Turtle and Tortoise Journal","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128754954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reginald Mwaya, Rudolf Mremi, Abraham Eustace, V. Ndibalema
Abstract. In natural wildlife populations, parasite–host interactions are common ecological phenomena that can be important to community structure. We assessed the prevalence of tick infestation on pancake tortoises, Malacochersus tornieri, with respect to location (inside vs. outside Tarangire National Park [TNP]), tortoise age class, sex, season, site of attachment, and body condition index (BCI). Malacochersus tornieri hosted Amblyomma nuttalli, the tick that also parasitizes other sub-Saharan tortoises of the family Testudinidae. Using a generalized linear mixed model, we found tick infestation to be lower inside TNP than sites set outside TNP. Further, tick prevalence was positively correlated with carapace length and negatively so with BCI. Although observation of ticks siphoning M. tornieri from the carapace was infrequent, the observed rate was, nevertheless, higher than reported from other terrestrial tortoises in sub-Saharan Africa. These results are discussed.
摘要在自然野生动物种群中，寄主-寄生虫相互作用是常见的生态现象，对群落结构具有重要意义。从地点(Tarangire National Park [TNP]内与外)、龟龄、性别、季节、依恋地点和身体状况指数(BCI)等方面评估了饼龟(Malacochersus tornieri)蜱虫侵害的发生率。Malacochersus tornieri的宿主是Amblyomma nuttalli，这种蜱也寄生在撒哈拉以南的其他龟科龟身上。使用广义线性混合模型，我们发现TNP内的蜱虫感染低于TNP外设置的地点。蜱流行率与甲壳长度呈正相关，与BCI呈负相关。虽然很少观察到蜱虫从甲壳中吸走托尔涅氏乳杆菌，但观察到的比率高于撒哈拉以南非洲其他陆龟的报告。对这些结果进行了讨论。
{"title":"Prevalence of Tick (Acari: Ixodidae) Parasitism on Pancake Tortoises, Malacochersus tornieri (Testudinidae), Is Lower Inside than Outside Tarangire National Park, Tanzania","authors":"Reginald Mwaya, Rudolf Mremi, Abraham Eustace, V. Ndibalema","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1438.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1438.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. In natural wildlife populations, parasite–host interactions are common ecological phenomena that can be important to community structure. We assessed the prevalence of tick infestation on pancake tortoises, Malacochersus tornieri, with respect to location (inside vs. outside Tarangire National Park [TNP]), tortoise age class, sex, season, site of attachment, and body condition index (BCI). Malacochersus tornieri hosted Amblyomma nuttalli, the tick that also parasitizes other sub-Saharan tortoises of the family Testudinidae. Using a generalized linear mixed model, we found tick infestation to be lower inside TNP than sites set outside TNP. Further, tick prevalence was positively correlated with carapace length and negatively so with BCI. Although observation of ticks siphoning M. tornieri from the carapace was infrequent, the observed rate was, nevertheless, higher than reported from other terrestrial tortoises in sub-Saharan Africa. These results are discussed.","PeriodicalId":126915,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology: Celebrating 25 Years as the World's Turtle and Tortoise Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129482801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. A. López-Luna, M. Venegas-Anaya, F. G. Cupul-Magaña, Judith A. Rangel-Mendoza, A. Escobedo-Galván
Abstract. The Vallarta Mud Turtle (Kinosternon vogti) was recently described based solely on morphological characters; therefore, an examination of molecular data to determine the validity of this species is warranted. Here, mtDNA barcodes, phylogenetic trees, and three Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) analyses offer new evidence to support K. vogti as a distinct lineage within the Kinosternon complex. We generated 1,237 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome b genes from two paratype specimens collected at the species' type locality in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico, and compared them with 20 other sequences from BLAST belonging to close relatives representing 16 species. From these sequence data, we estimated genetic p-distances, reconstructed phylogenetic relationships among taxa, and performed 3 different operational taxonomic unit analyses (CD-HIT-EST DNA, ABGD, and Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes). The mean genetic p-distances over all sequence pairs was 0.083 ± 0.00 substitutions per site, with the average number of base pair differences per site between K. vogti and all remaining sequences being 0.083 ± 0.009. The closest species to K. vogti were K. hirtipes (p-distances 0.057 ± 0.00) and K. scorpioides (p-distances 0.058 ± 0.00). Phylogenetic trees from maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of the concatenated data set showed the same topology with generally high node support. The 3 operational taxonomic unit analyses identified K. vogti as a distinct OTU and likely a distinct evolutionary lineage.
{"title":"Mitochondrial DNA Data Support the Recognition of the Mud Turtle, Kinosternon vogti (Cryptodira: Kinosternidae)","authors":"M. A. López-Luna, M. Venegas-Anaya, F. G. Cupul-Magaña, Judith A. Rangel-Mendoza, A. Escobedo-Galván","doi":"10.2744/CCB-1387.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2744/CCB-1387.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract. The Vallarta Mud Turtle (Kinosternon vogti) was recently described based solely on morphological characters; therefore, an examination of molecular data to determine the validity of this species is warranted. Here, mtDNA barcodes, phylogenetic trees, and three Operational Taxonomic Unit (OTU) analyses offer new evidence to support K. vogti as a distinct lineage within the Kinosternon complex. We generated 1,237 base pairs of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and cytochrome b genes from two paratype specimens collected at the species' type locality in Puerto Vallarta, Jalisco, Mexico, and compared them with 20 other sequences from BLAST belonging to close relatives representing 16 species. From these sequence data, we estimated genetic p-distances, reconstructed phylogenetic relationships among taxa, and performed 3 different operational taxonomic unit analyses (CD-HIT-EST DNA, ABGD, and Bayesian Poisson Tree Processes). The mean genetic p-distances over all sequence pairs was 0.083 ± 0.00 substitutions per site, with the average number of base pair differences per site between K. vogti and all remaining sequences being 0.083 ± 0.009. The closest species to K. vogti were K. hirtipes (p-distances 0.057 ± 0.00) and K. scorpioides (p-distances 0.058 ± 0.00). Phylogenetic trees from maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of the concatenated data set showed the same topology with generally high node support. The 3 operational taxonomic unit analyses identified K. vogti as a distinct OTU and likely a distinct evolutionary lineage.","PeriodicalId":126915,"journal":{"name":"Chelonian Conservation and Biology: Celebrating 25 Years as the World's Turtle and Tortoise Journal","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126920697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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