Gaceta medica de Mexico最新文献

Background: Medical education can make it difficult for students to take actions to improve their health.

Objective: To evaluate the influence of the university context on self-care behaviors and quality of life.

Material and methods: A mixed-methods approach was used, with surveys being combined to assess self-care and quality of life, with in-depth interviews to explore cultural influences and perceptions. Statistical analysis and qualitative data coding were carried out, with methods being integrated through network analysis.

Results: Self-care scores exceeded 50 points, and quality of life scores exceeded 60 points. Medical students' context is shaped by motivations, expectations, skills, and goals that influence identity formation and contribute to the medical profession.

Conclusions: There is a positive connection between self-care practices and quality of life. However, academic stress can potentially disrupt self-care routines. Furthermore, an association between obesity and a decrease in quality of life stands out, which emphasizes the need for health promotion actions.

Background: In Colombia, gastric cancer is fifth in incidence (12.8 cases per 100,000) and third in mortality (9.9 cases per 100,000). Microsatellite instability (MSI), a phenotype in gastric cancer treatment, lacks comprehensive exploration in Colombian and Hispanic/Latino populations. Data scarcity hinders immunotherapy approval in middle-income countries.

Objective: Characterize the prevalence of MSI phenotype in Colombian patients with gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer.

Materials and methods: We measured MLH-1, MSH-2, MSH-6, and PMS-2 expression in tumor pathology by immunohistochemistry markers. We conducted descriptive analysis and Fisher's test to identify associations for MSI expression.

Results: Final sample size was 106 patients, mean age of 62.5 years (25-93 ± 14.2). Prevalence of MSI was 12.26% (n = 13). We found an association between older age and positive MSI (p = 0.0042), as well as with non-diffuse histologic subtypes (p = 0.019).

Conclusion: Prior studies report 22% MSI phenotype prevalence in gastric tumors, mostly in developed countries, excluding Hispanic/Latino populations. Identifying the prevalence of MSI in our population as 12.26% could pave the way for approving immune blockade drugs as a treatment option for these patients in Latin American countries. Our data could be utilized to conduct cost-utility studies in support of this.

Background: The WHO presented the initiative: "Global elimination of congenital syphilis (CS): rationale and strategies for action". It establishes that CS is a preventable disease that can be eliminated.

Objective: To estimate the proportion of missed opportunities for prevention (MOP) of (CS).

Material and methods: Cross-sectional study. We studied women with children with confirmed diagnosis of CS (NOM-039-SSA2-2002) in the Mexican Social Security Institute in Jalisco from 01/01/2016 to 08/01/2022. The clinical records of the mother, the newborn and the epidemiological study (ES) were reviewed. Each case was classified into one of the MOP categories.

Results: 52 cases were reported: 46.2 % (n = 24) were ruled out, 34.6 % (n = 18) confirmed, 15.4 % (n = 8) unknown and 3.8 % (n = 2) probable cases. The HIV test was performed in 61.1 % (n = 11) and syphilis in 72.2 % (n = 13) of the mothers. The MOP in 27.8 % (n = 5) was inadequate treatment or omission of maternal treatment despite a timely diagnosis of syphilis. Treatment was inadequate in 63.6 % (n = 7) of the women who received it.

Conclusion: The classification of MOP identifies gaps in CS prevention and can guide stakeholders, policy makers and public health prevention programs to reduce the incidence of CS.

Background: The study of the work and health of older adults is limited but relevant considering that the living and health conditions in which they age are not the best in Mexico, given the job insecurity that does not access to decent contributory pensions.

Objective: To analyse the differences in the sociodemographic, labour and health conditions characteristics of two cohorts of older people aged 65 to 74 years who are employed in the labour market.

Material and methods: Analysis of the National Study of Health and Aging in Mexico for 2001 and 2021 of sociodemographic and work characteristics and health conditions by cohort and sex. Logistic regression models, whose dependent variable was the birth cohort, were estimated.

Results: 1,115 people from 2001 and 1,189 from 2021 between 65 and 74 years old who worked the week before the study were included. By sex and cohort, findings are presented.

Conclusions: Although the schooling of older people in the most recent cohort has increased, women face more precarious working conditions and a higher prevalence of disability.

Background: Aging in Mexico is heterogeneous considering the ethnic diversity and social inequality that prevails. The condition of ethnicity allows us to delve deeper into the social and health inequalities that do not allow for healthy aging.

Objective: The objective of this article is to compare the levels of functionality of older people by ethnicity and its associated factors in Mexico.

Material and methods: People aged 60 years and over were selected from the 2020 Census sample, grouping according to their ethnic status (Indigenous, Afro-Mexican and non-Indigenous and non-afro Mexican). As a dependent variable, the Functional Impairment Index (IDF) was constructed with principal components analysis, using the battery of disability questions; Generalized linear models were performed to analyse the factors associated by ethnicity status.

Results: Indigenous older people have higher IDF values, followed by Afro-Mexican. Indigenous women and those who live in rural areas have higher values of functional impairment.

Conclusions: It is necessary to address the needs of the older Indigenous and Afro-Mexican population who face an old age with greater social disadvantage and functional deterioration.