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Impact of conducting hand hygiene audits during the COVID-19 pandemic in an intensive care unit at a tertiary care centre in Kerala, India. 印度喀拉拉邦一家三级医疗中心的重症监护室在 COVID-19 大流行期间开展手部卫生审核的影响。
IF 3 Pub Date : 2024-04-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000478
Ardra Mohandas, Chithra Valsan, Sofia Joseph, Resmi Varghese, Jinsy Baby, Shibi Jacob, Nithya Sani, Shyby Babu

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic era had witnessed an upsurge of healthcare-associated infections (HAI) in COVID intensive care units (ICUs), which can be reduced by following proper hand hygiene (HH) practice. Performing HH auditing in COVID ICUs and providing timely feedback to the stake holders is crucial to reduce HAIs.

Methods: From July 2021 to December 2021, HH auditing was conducted in COVID ICUs. Hand hygiene (HH) complete adherence rate (HHCAR), HH partial adherence rate (HHPAR) and HH total adherence rate (HHTAR) were analysed. Profession-specific HHTAR and moment-specific HHTAR (for each WHO moment) were also calculated.

Results: HHCAR, HHPAR and HHTAR were found to be 47%, 19% and 66%, respectively. There was a significant increase in the monthly HHTAR from 62.2% to 72.2% (p<.001). The profession-specific hand-hygiene adherence rate (HHAR) was found to be highest among nurses (67%), and the moment-specific HHAR of WHO-moments 2 (90%) and 3 (94.8%) had the highest HH adherence.

Conclusions: Auditing HH and providing timely feedback significantly improved HH adherence. The greatest need now is to regularly conduct HH auditing in COVID locations of all healthcare facilities to reduce the HAI rate among the COVID-19 infected patients in ICUs.

背景:在COVID-19大流行时期,COVID重症监护病房(ICU)中的医护相关感染(HAI)急剧上升,而正确的手部卫生(HH)操作可以减少HAI的发生。在 COVID 重症监护病房进行手卫生审核并及时向利益相关者提供反馈对于减少 HAIs 至关重要:方法:2021年7月至2021年12月,在COVID重症监护室进行手卫生审核。方法:从 2021 年 7 月至 2021 年 12 月,在 COVID ICU 进行了手卫生审核,分析了手卫生完全依从率 (HHCAR)、手卫生部分依从率 (HHPAR) 和手卫生总依从率 (HHTAR)。此外,还计算了特定职业的 HHTAR 和特定时刻的 HHTAR(世卫组织的每个时刻):结果:HHCAR、HHPAR 和 HHTAR 分别为 47%、19% 和 66%。每月的 HHTAR 从 62.2% 显著增加到 72.2%(p 结论:对家庭健康状况进行审核并及时提供反馈信息,可显著提高家庭健康状况的依从性。目前最需要的是在所有医疗机构的 COVID 地点定期进行 HH 审核,以降低重症监护病房中 COVID-19 感染患者的 HAI 感染率。
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引用次数: 0
Heat-related mortality in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, from 2000 to 2023. 2000 年至 2023 年德国美因河畔法兰克福与高温有关的死亡率。
IF 3 Pub Date : 2024-04-30 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000477
Ursel Heudorf, Bernd Kowall, Eugen Domann, Katrin Steul

Background: The major heatwave in Europe in August 2003 resulted in 70,000 excess deaths. In Frankfurt am Main, a city with 767,000 inhabitants in the south-west of Germany, around 200 more people died in August 2003 than expected. Soon afterwards, the city introduced adaptation measures to prevent heat-related health problems and subsequently established further mitigation measures to limit climate change. Frankfurt is rated as being one of the cities in Germany to have implemented the best climate adaptation and mitigation measures. This study addressed the following questions: is there already a downward trend in mortality from heat and can this be attributed to the measures taken?

Materials and methods: The age-standardized mortality rate (ASR) was calculated for the months of June to August and for calendar weeks 23 to 34 of the individual years on the basis of population data and deaths of the inhabitants of Frankfurt am Main for the years 2000 to 2023. This was related to the meteorological data from the Frankfurt measuring station of the German National Meteorological Service. For four different heat exposure indicators (heat days, days in heat weeks, days in heatwaves and days with heat warnings), the incidence rate (death cases per 1 million person days) (IR) was calculated for days with and without exposure, and the incidence rate difference and the incidence rate ratio (IRR) were estimated to compare days with vs days without exposure.

Results: Over the years, the mean daily temperatures tended to increase, and the standardized mortality rate decreased. An increase in ASR was observed during heatwaves up to 2015, but no longer in the later ones. In the summer of 2003, the incidence rate was 16.0 (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.2-19.9) per 1 million person days greater on heat days than on days not classified as heat days, and the corresponding incidence rate ratio was 1.64 (95% CI 1.48-1.82). Although the weather data for the summers of 2018 and 2022 were comparable with the record-breaking heat summer of 2003, the incidence rate differences (2018: 3.8, 95% CI 0.9-6.7; 2022: 2.3, 95% CI -0.3-4.9) and the IRR (2018: 1.20, 95% CI 1.05-1.37; 2022: 1.12, 95% CI 0.99-1.26) were considerably lower. Similar results were also obtained when comparing mortality in heat weeks and heatwaves as well as on days with heat warnings.

Discussion: In summary, our study in Frankfurt am Main not only showed a decrease in heat-related mortality in the population as a whole over the years, but also a decrease in excess mortality during various heat periods (day, week, wave, warning), especially in comparison with the years with very high heat stress and drought (2003, 2018 and 2022). However, whether this development represents success of the intensive prevention measures that have been implemented in the city for years or merely describes a general trend cannot be ans

背景:2003 年 8 月的欧洲大热浪导致 7 万人死亡。美因河畔法兰克福市位于德国西南部,拥有 76.7 万居民,2003 年 8 月的死亡人数比预期多出约 200 人。不久之后,该市采取了适应措施,以防止与高温有关的健康问题,随后又制定了进一步的缓解措施,以限制气候变化。法兰克福被评为德国实施最佳气候适应和缓解措施的城市之一。本研究探讨了以下问题:高温导致的死亡率是否已呈下降趋势,这是否可归因于所采取的措施?根据 2000 年至 2023 年美因河畔法兰克福的人口数据和居民死亡情况,计算了 6 月至 8 月以及每年第 23 周至第 34 周的年龄标准化死亡率(ASR)。这与德国国家气象局法兰克福测量站的气象数据有关。针对四种不同的高温暴露指标(高温日、高温周、热浪日和高温预警日),计算了有高温暴露日和无高温暴露日的发病率(每百万人日死亡病例数)(IR),并估算了发病率差异和发病率比(IRR),以比较有高温暴露日和无高温暴露日:多年来,日平均气温呈上升趋势,标准化死亡率有所下降。在 2015 年之前的热浪中,ASR 有所上升,但在之后的热浪中不再上升。在 2003 年夏季,每 100 万人日中,高温日的发病率为 16.0(95% 置信区间(CI)为 12.2-19.9),高于非高温日,相应的发病率比为 1.64(95% 置信区间(CI)为 1.48-1.82)。虽然 2018 年和 2022 年夏季的天气数据与 2003 年创纪录的高温夏季相当,但发病率差异(2018 年:3.8,95% CI 0.9-6.7;2022 年:2.3,95% CI -0.3-4.9)和内部比率(2018 年:1.20,95% CI 1.05-1.37;2022 年:1.12,95% CI 0.99-1.26)却低得多。在比较高温周和热浪以及高温预警日的死亡率时,也得到了类似的结果:总之,我们在美因河畔法兰克福进行的研究不仅表明,多年来与高温相关的总死亡率有所下降,而且在不同高温时段(日、周、热浪、预警)的超额死亡率也有所下降,特别是与高温压力和干旱非常严重的年份(2003 年、2018 年和 2022 年)相比。然而,这一变化是代表该市多年来实施的密集预防措施取得了成功,还是仅仅描述了一种总体趋势,本研究无法给出确切答案。要回答这个问题,应在莱茵-美因地区不同城市进行比较研究,这些城市应对高温问题的力度各不相同。
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引用次数: 0
Use of antibiotics in long-term care facilities for the elderly in Germany - point prevalence as a possible first step for data-based antibiotic stewardship. 德国老年人长期护理机构的抗生素使用情况--以点流行率作为基于数据的抗生素管理的第一步。
IF 3 Pub Date : 2024-04-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000472
Ursel Heudorf, Kristin Stalla

Introduction: In Germany, hospitals, rehabilitation facilities and outpatient surgery facilities are required by law to perform antibiotic-consumption surveillance. Established IT programs are available for recording the defined daily doses. These do not exist for long-term care facilities (LTCFs). Antibiotic stewardship is also recommended for LTCFs. In view of the lack of IT solutions for consumption surveillance, this study investigated whether point prevalence studies could be a suitable basis for a data-based antibiotic stewardship program in LTCFs.

Method: In May 2023, 18 elderly-care facilities in Berlin, Germany, participated in a point prevalence survey on antibiotic consumption according to the established HALT (healthcare-associated infections in long-term care facilities) method. The number of residents present and their risk factors (including the use of catheters and antibiotic therapy) were recorded. The results were compared with comparable data from previous surveys in LTCFs in Berlin, Germany as well as with the HALT data for Europe as a whole and for Germany.

Results: On the day of the survey, 2040 residents were present, 7.7% of whom bore a urinary catheter and 0.5% a vascular catheter. 0.2% of the residents had a port access, 0.4% a dialysis catheter and one resident (0.05%) a tracheostoma. Twenty-seven (1.3%) residents were receiving an antibiotic on the day of the survey. Of these, 29.6% had a urinary tract catheter. 63.0% of the antibiotics were given for a urinary tract infection, 14.8% for a respiratory tract infection and 11.1% for a wound/soft tissue infection. The overall prevalence of antibiotics was in the range of previous surveys from Germany (1.2-2.4%) and significantly lower than in the Europe-wide HALT survey overall (4.3-4.5%).

Discussion: The survey showed low use of antibiotics in the LTCFs in comparison with Europe-wide surveys. The time required was less than 2 hours for a 100-bed facility. Until appropriate IT programs to determine the defined daily doses are also available for LTCFs, such easy-to-perform and standardized point-prevalence surveys - if repeated several times a year - can be a suitable method for recording the use of antibiotics in nursing homes for the elderly.

简介:德国法律规定,医院、康复机构和门诊手术机构必须对抗生素使用情况进行监控。现有的信息技术程序可用于记录规定的每日剂量。而长期护理机构(LTCF)则不需要。抗生素监管也被推荐用于 LTCF。鉴于缺乏用于监测用药量的信息技术解决方案,本研究调查了点流行率研究是否可作为基于数据的 LTCF 抗生素管理计划的合适基础:方法:2023 年 5 月,德国柏林的 18 家老年护理机构按照既定的 HALT(长期护理机构中的医源性感染)方法参与了抗生素用量的点流行率调查。调查记录了住院人数及其风险因素(包括使用导管和抗生素治疗)。调查结果与之前在德国柏林的长期护理机构调查中获得的可比数据以及整个欧洲和德国的 HALT 数据进行了比较:调查当天共有 2040 名住院者,其中 7.7% 的住院者插有导尿管,0.5% 的住院者插有血管导管。0.2%的住院病人有端口接入,0.4%的住院病人有透析导管,一名住院病人(0.05%)有气管造口。调查当天,有 27 名住院患者(1.3%)正在接受抗生素治疗。其中 29.6% 的住户配有尿道导尿管。63.0% 的抗生素用于治疗泌尿道感染,14.8% 用于治疗呼吸道感染,11.1% 用于治疗伤口/软组织感染。抗生素的总体使用率与德国以往的调查(1.2%-2.4%)相当,明显低于全欧洲 HALT 调查的总体使用率(4.3%-4.5%):讨论:调查显示,与欧洲范围的调查相比,长者照护中心的抗生素使用率较低。对一家拥有 100 张床位的机构而言,调查所需的时间不到 2 小时。在为 LTCF 提供适当的信息技术程序以确定规定的日剂量之前,这种易于操作的标准化点普及率调查--如果每年重复多次--可以成为记录养老院抗生素使用情况的合适方法。
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引用次数: 0
The new reporting obligation for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in Germany - a critical view. 德国呼吸道合胞病毒 (RSV) 的新报告义务--批判性观点。
IF 3 Pub Date : 2024-04-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000475
Ursel Heudorf, Anne Marcic, Katrin Simone Steul

Background: In summer 2023, mandatory reporting of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by name was introduced in Germany. The stated objectives were: to improve the database to prevent overburdening of the healthcare system, to implement targeted, early investigation and action by local health authorities to prevent further spread, and to assess vaccines after the expected approval of RSV vaccination.

Methods: These objectives are examined against the background of data from mandatory reporting of RSV in the German federal state of Saxony, which has been required since 2002, and the data from the ARE (acute respiratory diseases) survey in Germany, considering the basic legal requirements and options of the Infection Protection Act, the requirements of the EU Commission for the collection of data on infectious diseases and the recommendations by experts of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the options for individual or general preventive measures by the health authorities and previous experience with the evaluation options of the reported data (especially regarding the effectiveness of vaccinations).

Results and discussion: An extrapolation of the previously reported data from Saxony to the whole of Germany shows that over 100,000 reports per year must be expected (more than the reports of both rota and noroviruses together). Neither the requirements of the EU Commission nor the views of an expert group of the ECDC recommend mandatory RSV reporting. Mandatory reporting by name is also not appropriate from a legal perspective. A sentinel, which is also better suited to assessing vaccinations, would be more appropriate to avoid unnecessarily overburdening the health authorities. In addition, initial experience with wastewater sentinels for RSV has shown that they may be used to record local and regional RSV infections - albeit without information on the severity of the disease and thus the burden on the healthcare system.Against this background, mandatory reporting of RSV does not appear to be appropriate. Instead, the existing sentinels should be continued and further expanded, possibly supplemented by RSV wastewater monitoring.

背景:2023 年夏季,德国开始强制要求按姓名报告呼吸道合胞病毒 (RSV)。其既定目标是:改进数据库以防止医疗系统负担过重;由地方卫生当局实施有针对性的早期调查和行动以防止进一步传播;在 RSV 疫苗接种预计获得批准后对疫苗进行评估:这些目标以德国萨克森联邦州自 2002 年起强制报告 RSV 的数据和德国 ARE(急性呼吸道疾病)调查的数据为背景进行了研究,同时考虑了《感染保护法》的基本法律要求和选项、欧盟委员会对收集传染病数据的要求和欧洲疾病预防与控制中心 (ECDC) 专家的建议、卫生部门采取个别或一般预防措施的选项以及以往对报告数据(尤其是疫苗接种效果)进行评估的经验。结果与讨论:将萨克森州以前报告的数据推断到整个德国,可以预计每年将有超过 10 万份报告(超过轮状病毒和诺罗病毒报告的总和)。欧盟委员会的要求和 ECDC 专家组的意见都不建议强制报告 RSV。从法律的角度看,强制性点名报告也是不合适的。哨点更适合评估疫苗接种情况,以避免不必要地加重卫生当局的负担。此外,废水 RSV 哨兵的初步经验表明,它们可用于记录当地和区域 RSV 感染情况,尽管没有关于疾病严重程度的信息,因此也没有关于医疗系统负担的信息。因此,强制报告 RSV 似乎并不合适。相反,应继续使用并进一步扩大现有的哨兵,并可能辅之以 RSV 废水监测。
{"title":"The new reporting obligation for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) in Germany - a critical view.","authors":"Ursel Heudorf, Anne Marcic, Katrin Simone Steul","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000475","DOIUrl":"10.3205/dgkh000475","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In summer 2023, mandatory reporting of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) by name was introduced in Germany. The stated objectives were: to improve the database to prevent overburdening of the healthcare system, to implement targeted, early investigation and action by local health authorities to prevent further spread, and to assess vaccines after the expected approval of RSV vaccination.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>These objectives are examined against the background of data from mandatory reporting of RSV in the German federal state of Saxony, which has been required since 2002, and the data from the ARE (acute respiratory diseases) survey in Germany, considering the basic legal requirements and options of the Infection Protection Act, the requirements of the EU Commission for the collection of data on infectious diseases and the recommendations by experts of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the options for individual or general preventive measures by the health authorities and previous experience with the evaluation options of the reported data (especially regarding the effectiveness of vaccinations).</p><p><strong>Results and discussion: </strong>An extrapolation of the previously reported data from Saxony to the whole of Germany shows that over 100,000 reports per year must be expected (more than the reports of both rota and noroviruses together). Neither the requirements of the EU Commission nor the views of an expert group of the ECDC recommend mandatory RSV reporting. Mandatory reporting by name is also not appropriate from a legal perspective. A sentinel, which is also better suited to assessing vaccinations, would be more appropriate to avoid unnecessarily overburdening the health authorities. In addition, initial experience with wastewater sentinels for RSV has shown that they may be used to record local and regional RSV infections - albeit without information on the severity of the disease and thus the burden on the healthcare system.Against this background, mandatory reporting of RSV does not appear to be appropriate. Instead, the existing sentinels should be continued and further expanded, possibly supplemented by RSV wastewater monitoring.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11099378/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141065288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An innovative method to prevent infection when measuring the arterial blood gas SpO2 saturation. 测量动脉血气 SpO2 饱和度时防止感染的创新方法。
IF 3 Pub Date : 2024-04-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000473
Seda Şahan, Sevil Güler, Eliz Geçtan, Hakan Aygün

Background: Patients are hospitalized for extended periods, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs). As a result, the saturation probe (pulse oximeter) remains attached for an extended period and microorganisms can grow in the wet environment. If the pulse oximeters are not reprocessed, cross-infection may occur. The literature contains several studies in which gloves were used for the measurement while various SpO2 (peripheral arterial oxygen saturation) measurements were compared with each other. However, such comparisons have yet to be made with the results of arterial blood gas SpO2 measurements by pulse oximeter, considered as the gold standard. The present study aimed to compare arterial blood gas values with the fingertip saturation measurement performed by having adult patients wear gloves of different colors, one after the other, on their fingers and determining the effect of the differently colored gloves (transparent, white, black, light blue) on saturation values.

Methods: The study was conducted on 54 patients in an ICU. Intra-arterial blood gas SpO2 results were measured. Oxygen saturation was measured while the patient 1. did not wear gloves and 2. sequentially wore a series of gloves of different colors. Paired t-test, correlation analysis, and Bland Altman charts were used to evaluate the results.

Results: The mean SpO2% value of the participants' intra-arterial blood gas measurements was 97.76±2.04. The mean SpO2% value obtained from the measurements of the fingers with a transparent glove was 0.43 points lower than the mean SpO2% value of the intra-arterial blood gas measurements (t=0.986, p=0.61). The mean SpO2% value obtained from the measurements of the fingers with a white glove was 0.93 points lower than the mean SpO2% value of the intra-arterial blood gas measurements (t=1.157, p=0.093).

Conclusion: Of the measurements performed with a glove, the mean SpO2% value obtained from the measurements of the fingers with a transparent glove was more consistent with the mean SpO2% value of the intra-arterial blood gas measurements than measurement of the fingers without a glove.

背景:病人住院时间较长,尤其是在重症监护室(ICU)。因此,饱和度探头(脉搏氧饱和度计)会长时间保持连接,微生物会在潮湿的环境中生长。如果不对脉搏血氧仪进行再处理,可能会发生交叉感染。文献中有几项研究使用手套进行测量,同时对各种 SpO2(外周动脉血氧饱和度)测量值进行了比较。然而,这种比较尚未与被视为金标准的脉搏血氧仪动脉血气 SpO2 测量结果进行过比较。本研究旨在将动脉血气值与指尖饱和度测量结果进行比较,方法是让成年患者在手指上依次戴上不同颜色的手套,并确定不同颜色手套(透明、白色、黑色、浅蓝色)对饱和度值的影响:研究对象为重症监护室的 54 名患者。测量动脉内血气 SpO2 结果。氧饱和度是在患者 1. 不戴手套和 2. 依次戴上一系列不同颜色手套的情况下测量的。采用配对 t 检验、相关性分析和布兰德-阿尔特曼图对结果进行评估:结果:参与者动脉内血气测量的平均 SpO2% 值为 97.76±2.04。戴透明手套测量手指所得的 SpO2% 平均值比动脉内血气测量所得的 SpO2% 平均值低 0.43 个点(t=0.986,p=0.61)。戴白手套测量手指获得的 SpO2% 平均值比动脉内血气测量的 SpO2% 平均值低 0.93 个点(t=1.157,p=0.093):结论:在戴手套进行的测量中,戴透明手套测量手指获得的平均 SpO2% 值与动脉内血气测量的平均 SpO2% 值相比,不戴手套测量手指获得的平均 SpO2% 值更加一致。
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引用次数: 0
Hygienic evaluation of the Resourcify GmbH concept for recovering raw materials from recyclable medical devices after surgery. 对 Resourcify GmbH 从手术后可回收医疗器械中回收原材料的概念进行卫生学评估。
IF 3 Pub Date : 2024-04-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000471
Axel Kramer, Florian H H Brill

In addition to emissions harmful to the environment, a significant amount of waste is generated in hospitals. In recognition of the fact that medical devices (MDs) contain valuable raw materials, such as rare earth elements, other metals, and high-quality plastics, a recycling concept has been developed. The project was examined for safety and feasibility from a hygiene point of view with sustainability in mind in order to create a reference solution for other areas as applicable. The recycling process begins when the MDs accumulate in the surgical facility and are separated into recyclable and disposable parts. The recyclable parts are subjected to wipe disinfection and collected in closed boxes until they are taken away, while the non-recyclable parts are sent for disposal. The recyclable waste, including the transport boxes, is steam-disinfected in a fractionated vacuum process before recycling. The waste is then recycled, and the emptied transport boxes are made available for re-collection by the surgical facility. The analysis of the overall recycling process shows that infectious risks both for the employees who collect, transport, and recycle the MDs and for the environment are neglectable.

除了有害环境的废气排放外,医院还产生了大量废物。考虑到医疗器械(MD)中含有宝贵的原材料,如稀土元素、其他金属和优质塑料,我们开发了一种回收概念。该项目从卫生角度对安全性和可行性进行了审查,同时考虑到可持续性,以便为其他适用领域提供参考解决方案。回收过程开始于手术设施中堆积的 MD,并将其分为可回收部件和一次性部件。可回收部件经过擦拭消毒,在运走前收集在封闭的箱子里,而不可回收部件则送去处理。包括运输箱在内的可回收废物在回收前会在分馏真空工艺中进行蒸汽消毒。然后,这些废物被回收利用,清空的运输箱可由外科设施重新收集。对整个回收过程的分析表明,收集、运输和回收 MD 的员工以及环境所面临的传染风险是可以忽略的。
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引用次数: 0
From wild-type to Omicron: changes in SARS-CoV-2 hospital cluster dynamics. Observations from a German tertiary care hospital. 从野生型到 Omicron:SARS-CoV-2 医院集群动态的变化。一家德国三级医院的观察结果。
IF 3 Pub Date : 2024-04-17 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000474
Britta Kohlmorgen, Annika Brodzinski, Sandra Jendrossek, Thorsten Jeske, Anne-Kathrin Putsch, Maja Weisker, Sandra Schneider, Frank Schwab, Petra Gastmeier, Sonja Hansen

Aim: SARS-CoV-2 hospital clusters are a challenge for healthcare systems. There is an increased risk of infection for both healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients; cluster countermeasures are also a drain on resources for the wards affected. We analysed to which extent characteristics and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 clusters varied throughout the pandemic at a German university hospital.

Methods: Patient and/or HCW clusters from 10/2020 to 04/2022 were included in the study and grouped by virus variant into i.) clusters comprised of the presumably predominant wild-type, Alpha or Delta (WAD) SARS-COV-2 variants, and ii.) clusters comprised predominantly of Omicron subtype cases. The two groups were compared for specific characteristics and dynamics.

Results: Forty-two SARS-CoV-2 clusters and 528 cases were analysed. Twenty-one clusters and 297 cases were attributed to the WAD and 21 clusters and 231 cases to the Omicron group. There were no significant differences in median size (8 vs. 8 cases, p=0.94) or median duration (14 vs. 12 days; p=0.48), nor in the percentage of HCWs involved (46.8% vs. 50.2%; p=0.48). Patients in the WAD group were older (median 75 vs. 68 years of age; p≤0.05). The median time from cluster onset to case onset was significantly shorter for the Omicron group (median 6 vs. 11 days; p≤0.05).

Conclusions: Omicron clusters exhibited a more rapid dynamic, forcing all parties involved to adapt to the increased workload. Compared to excessive community case counts, constant Omicron cluster-affiliated case counts and stable cluster characteristics suggest an improved compliance with IPC countermeasures.

目的:SARS-CoV-2 医院群对医疗系统来说是一个挑战。医护人员(HCWs)和患者的感染风险都会增加;集群应对措施也会消耗受影响病房的资源。我们分析了德国一所大学医院在整个大流行期间 SARS-CoV-2 集群的特征和动态变化程度:研究将 2020 年 10 月 10 日至 2022 年 4 月 4 日期间的患者和/或医护人员集群纳入研究,并按病毒变异体将其分为 i.) 由可能占主导地位的野生型、α 或δ(WAD)SARS-CoV-2 变异体组成的集群,以及 ii.) 主要由 Omicron 亚型病例组成的集群。对这两组病例的具体特征和动态进行了比较:结果:分析了 42 个 SARS-CoV-2 群体和 528 个病例。其中 21 个簇群和 297 个病例属于 WAD 组,21 个簇群和 231 个病例属于 Omicron 组。中位规模(8 例与 8 例,P=0.94)或中位持续时间(14 天与 12 天,P=0.48)以及所涉及的 HCW 的百分比(46.8% 与 50.2%,P=0.48)均无明显差异。WAD 组患者的年龄更大(中位年龄为 75 岁对 68 岁;P≤0.05)。欧米克隆组从集群发病到病例发病的中位时间明显更短(中位 6 天 vs. 11 天;p≤0.05):结论:奥米克隆组的动态变化更快,迫使所有相关方适应增加的工作量。与过多的社区病例数相比,Omicron 群组附属病例数的稳定和群组特征的稳定表明,IPC 应对措施的遵守情况有所改善。
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引用次数: 0
Harnessing the power of artificial intelligence and robotics impact on attaining competitive advantage for sustainable development in hospitals with conclusions for future research approaches. 利用人工智能和机器人技术的力量对医院实现可持续发展竞争优势的影响,以及对未来研究方法的结论。
IF 3 Pub Date : 2024-03-15 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000470
Narasingappa Pavithra, Noor Afza

Artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics have emerged as game-changing technologies with the potential to revolutionize the healthcare industry. In the context of hospitals, their integration holds the promise of not only improving patient care but also driving competitive advantage and fostering sustainable development. This review paper aims to explore and evaluate the impact of AI and robotics applications on attaining competitive advantage and promoting sustainable development in hospitals, examines the current landscape of AI and robotics adoption in healthcare settings and delve into their specific applications within hospitals, including AI-assisted diagnosis, robotic surgery, patient monitoring, and data analytics. A key finding is the insufficient use of KI to date in terms of promoting sustainable development in hospitals. Furthermore, attempts to analyze the potential benefits and challenges associated with these technologies in terms of enhancing patient outcomes, operational efficiency, cost savings, and differentiation from competitors. Drawing upon a comprehensive review of the existing literature and case studies, this paper provides valuable insights into the transformative potential of AI and robotics in hospitals.

人工智能(AI)和机器人技术已成为改变游戏规则的技术,有望彻底改变医疗保健行业。就医院而言,这两种技术的融合不仅有望改善患者护理,还能推动竞争优势和促进可持续发展。本综述旨在探讨和评估人工智能和机器人技术的应用对医院获得竞争优势和促进可持续发展的影响,研究当前医疗机构采用人工智能和机器人技术的情况,并深入探讨它们在医院中的具体应用,包括人工智能辅助诊断、机器人手术、患者监控和数据分析。一个重要发现是,迄今为止,知识创新在促进医院可持续发展方面的应用还不够充分。此外,还试图分析这些技术在提高患者疗效、运营效率、节约成本以及与竞争对手差异化竞争等方面的潜在优势和挑战。本文通过对现有文献和案例研究的全面回顾,为人工智能和机器人技术在医院中的变革潜力提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of dental caries in a pediatric population during the COVID-19 omicron pandemic era in South India. 南印度 COVID-19 大流行时期儿童龋齿流行情况。
IF 3 Pub Date : 2024-03-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000466
Manikandan Gunasekaran, Karthik Shunmugavelu, Kavitha Ponnusamy, Aditya Shinde, Selvam Azhagarsamy, Shobana Murali

Caries is a multifactorial disease that involves a majority of the pediatric population. If not diagnosed and treated, it can lead to severe consequences affecting the permanent dentition. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of oral foci of infection in a multispeciality hospital during the pandemic in Chennai, South India. The majority of the patients examined had caries.

龋齿是一种多因素疾病,涉及大多数儿童。如果不及时诊断和治疗,可能会导致影响恒牙的严重后果。本研究的目的是评估印度南部金奈大流行期间一家多专科医院的口腔感染灶的流行情况。接受检查的大多数患者都患有龋齿。
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引用次数: 0
Unveiling the gender gap in research: a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most-cited articles on food-borne pathogen outbreaks from 1990 to 2020. 揭示研究中的性别差距:对 1990 年至 2020 年有关食源性病原体爆发的 100 篇被引用次数最多的文章进行文献计量分析。
IF 3 Pub Date : 2024-03-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000467
Bisal Naseer, Rawal Alias Insaf Ahmed, Mohsan Ali, Muhammad Talha, Saad Azizullah, Amar Anwar

Introduction: Despite a recent increase in the representation of female authors in scientific literature, a significant gap persists concerning the inclusion of women in research. This necessitates the analysis of published literature from a gender perspective. This study aimed to provide gender distribution in authorship in the 100 most-cited articles on food-borne pathogen outbreaks from 1990 to 2020.

Methods: Bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Scopus database. Two reviewers were selected to search the database. We included the 100 most-cited articles on foodborne outbreak investigations. The analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26 and Microsoft Excel version 2016. The citation data, including total citations, citations per year, and representation of women as first and senior authors, was analyzed in terms of frequencies, mean, median, and interquartile range. The correlation between journal impact factor and the representation of women in high-impact factor journals was determined. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Most of the top-cited articles were published between 2001 and 2010 (n=47). The top 3 most-cited articles were from the USA. Of the total 100 articles, women were the first and last authors in 46% and 28% of the articles, respectively, reflecting a significant gender gap. However, the proportion of females as principal investigators gradually increased from 25% (n=10/30) to 52% (n=24/47) during the period 2001-2010 and to 92% (n=12/13) during 2011-2020. The USA had the highest number of included articles (n=48), and women were principal authors in 56% (n=27) of them. The lowest representation of women was observed in Austria, Denmark, Japan, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Portugal, and the United Kingdom.

Conclusion: Women are under-represented in published literature on food-borne pathogen outbreaks. Although the representation of women as principal authors has recently increased, disparities still exist at the senior-author level, calling for women's advancement in academic science.

导言:尽管近来科学文献中女性作者的比例有所上升,但在将女性纳入研究领域方面仍存在巨大差距。因此,有必要从性别角度对已发表的文献进行分析。本研究旨在提供 1990 年至 2020 年间 100 篇被引用次数最多的食源性病原体暴发文章中作者的性别分布情况:方法:使用 Scopus 数据库进行文献计量分析。我们挑选了两名审稿人对数据库进行检索。我们收录了 100 篇被引用次数最多的有关食源性疾病爆发调查的文章。分析使用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS)第 26 版和 Microsoft Excel 2016 版进行。引用数据,包括总引用次数、年引用次数、女性作为第一作者和资深作者的比例,以频数、平均值、中位数和四分位数间距进行分析。确定了期刊影响因子与女性在高影响因子期刊中所占比例之间的相关性。结果的 p 值为大多数被引用次数最多的文章发表于 2001 年至 2010 年(47 篇)。被引用次数最多的前 3 篇文章来自美国。在总共 100 篇文章中,分别有 46% 和 28% 的文章的第一作者和最后作者是女性,这反映了显著的性别差距。不过,女性作为主要研究者的比例在2001-2010年间从25%(10/30)逐渐增加到52%(24/47),在2011-2020年间又增加到92%(12/13)。美国被收录的文章数量最多(48 篇),其中 56% (27 篇)的主要作者为女性。女性比例最低的国家是奥地利、丹麦、日本、荷兰、新西兰、尼日利亚、葡萄牙和英国:结论:在已发表的有关食源性病原体暴发的文献中,女性所占比例较低。虽然女性作为主要作者的比例最近有所上升,但在高级作者层面仍然存在差距,这就要求提高女性在学术科学领域的地位。
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引用次数: 0
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GMS Hygiene and Infection Control
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