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S2k-Guideline hand antisepsis and hand hygiene. S2k-Guideline 手部防腐和手部卫生。
IF 1.7 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-09-06 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000497
Axel Kramer, Julia Seifert, Marianne Abele-Horn, Mardjan Arvand, Paul Biever, Alexander Blacky, Michael Buerke, Sandra Ciesek, Iris Chaberny, Maria Deja, Steffen Engelhart, Dieter Eschberger, Bernd Gruber, Achim Hedtmann, Julia Heider, Udo B Hoyme, Christian Jäkel, Peter Kalbe, Horst Luckhaupt, Alexander Novotny, Cihan Papan, Hansjürgen Piechota, Frank-Albert Pitten, Veronika Reinecke, Dieter Schilling, Walter Schulz-Schaeffer, Ulrich Sunderdiek

The consensus-based guideline "hand antisepsis and hand hygiene" for Germany has the following sections: Prevention of nosocomial infections by hygienic hand antisepsis, prevention of surgical site infections by surgical hand antisepsis, infection prevention in the community by hand antisepsis in epidemic or pandemic situations, hand washing, selection of alcohol-based hand rubs and wash lotions, medical gloves and protective gloves, preconditions for hand hygiene, skin protection and skin care, quality assurance of the implementation of hand hygiene measures and legal aspects. The guideline was developed by the German Society for Hospital Hygiene in cooperation with 22 professional societies, 2 professional organizations, the German Care Council, the Federal Working Group for Self-Help of People with Disabilities and Chronic Illness and their Family Members, the General Accident Insurance Institution Austria and the German-speaking Interest Group of Infection Prevention Experts and Hospital Hygiene Consultants.

德国基于共识的 "手部防腐和手部卫生 "准则包括以下部分:通过卫生手部防腐预防医院内感染、通过外科手部防腐预防手术部位感染、通过流行病或大流行情况下的手部防腐预防社区感染、洗手、选择酒精擦手液和洗手液、医用手套和防护手套、手部卫生的前提条件、皮肤保护和皮肤护理、手部卫生措施实施的质量保证以及法律方面的问题。该指南由德国医院卫生协会与 22 个专业协会、2 个专业组织、德国护理委员会、残疾人和慢性病患者及其家庭成员自助联邦工作组、奥地利一般事故保险机构以及德语感染预防专家和医院卫生顾问兴趣小组合作制定。
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引用次数: 0
Medical associations and expert committees urge that ethanol be approved as a virucidal active substance for use in hand antiseptics under the European Biocidal Products Regulation, without a CMR classification. 医学协会和专家委员会敦促根据《欧洲杀菌剂产品条例》批准乙醇作为杀病毒活性物质用于手部消毒剂,而无需进行 CMR 分类。
IF 1.7 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-21 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000495
Axel Kramer, Didier Pittet, Martin Exner, Constanze Wendt

Introduction: Since 2007, the classification of ethanol under the Biocidal Products Regulation has paradoxically remained unresolved due to conflicting views among experts and authorities. Initially, there was a discussion about classifying ethanol as carcinogenic. The current proposal to extend its harmonized classification includes, among other things, categorizing it as reproductive toxicity category 2 ("suspected to have CMR potential for humans"; carcinogenic, mutagenic, reprotoxic). If ethanol were classified under reproductive toxicity category 2, it would mean that the only active ingredient in hand antiseptics effective against non-enveloped viruses would no longer be available.

Scientific assessment of the safety of ethanol-based hand rubs ebhr: Available epidemiological studies do not confirm an increased risk for cancer from EBHR in exposed individuals, except under uncommon or unlikely routes or levels of exposure.The evidence for ethanol's reprotoxic effect originates from the consumption of alcoholic beverages by pregnant women, where ethanol uptake is incomparably higher. The amount of transdermal ethanol absorption during hand antisepsis is up to ten times lower than the oral intake of beverages containing hidden ethanol, such as apple juice, kefir, or non-alcoholic beer. Blood alcohol levels after using EBHR remain within the physiological range associated with food intake.

Conclusion: There is no epidemiological evidence of toxicity for workers handling ethanol-containing products in industry or using EBHR in healthcare settings. Given that the classification of EBHR as reproductive toxicity category 2 is not supported by current scientific research and that no alternative biocidal active substance in hand rubs is effective against non-enveloped viruses, medical associations and expert committees from Europe, the USA, Canada, the Asia-Pacific region, and the World Society for Virology unequivocally recommend, with the highest priority, that EBHR be approved as an active substance for PT1 biocides and not be classified as a reproductive toxicant in category 2.

导言:自 2007 年以来,《杀菌剂产品条例》对乙醇的分类问题一直悬而未决,原因是专家和权威机构之间存在意见分歧。最初,人们曾讨论过将乙醇归类为致癌物质。目前扩大其统一分类的建议包括将其归入生殖毒性类别 2("怀疑对人类具有 CMR 潜力";致癌、诱变、生殖毒性)。如果乙醇被归入生殖毒性第 2 类,这将意味着手部消毒剂中唯一能有效抵抗无包膜病毒的活性成分将不再可用:现有的流行病学研究并未证实接触乙醇擦手液的人患癌症的风险会增加,除非接触的途径或程度不常见或不可能。乙醇具有生殖毒性的证据来自孕妇饮用含酒精的饮料,因为孕妇对乙醇的摄入量要高得多。在手部防腐过程中,乙醇的透皮吸收量要比口服含有隐性乙醇的饮料(如苹果汁、酸乳酒或无醇啤酒)低 10 倍。使用 EBHR 后,血液中的酒精含量仍在与食物摄入相关的生理范围内:没有流行病学证据表明在工业中处理含乙醇产品或在医疗保健环境中使用 EBHR 的工人会中毒。鉴于目前的科学研究并不支持将 EBHR 划分为生殖毒性第 2 类,而且擦手布中没有其他杀菌活性物质可有效杀灭非显性病毒,欧洲、美国、加拿大、亚太地区的医学协会和专家委员会以及世界病毒学协会明确建议,最优先批准将 EBHR 作为 PT1 杀菌剂的活性物质,而不将其划入生殖毒性第 2 类。
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引用次数: 0
Alcohol-based hand rubs can fulfil efficacy requirements of EN 1500 in 15 seconds. 酒精搓手液可以在 15 秒内达到 EN 1500 的功效要求。
IF 1.7 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-21 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000496
Erika Mönch, Astrid Bolten, Heide Niesalla, Christoph Senges

Aim: Correct hand hygiene is widely regarded as an important measure to prevent healthcare-associated infections. Guidelines on how to perform hand antisepsis are often inspired by laboratory tests that focus on reproducibility rather than ease of use. These cumbersome recommendations can become barriers to hand hygiene, as optimal user acceptance requires a small rub volume and a short application time with an intuitive rubbing technique. Here we modified the EN 1500 to test the efficacy of hand rubs under more user-friendly conditions, using a highly intuitive rubbing technique in 15 seconds.

Methods: The efficacy of an ethanolic and a propanolic hand rub in inactivating E. coli on the hands of volunteers was tested according to EN 1500 with modifications in rubbing technique and time. Pre-tests were conducted to find a suitable volume for "responsible application", a procedure without clearly defined steps. Finally, 20 volunteers applied both rubs for 15 seconds using 3 mL and "responsible application" and 5 mL using the WHO 6-step technique.

Results: Both hand rubs, ethanolic and propanolic, were non-inferior to an unmodified EN 1500 reference for both application methods, 3 mL with "responsible application" and 5 mL with the WHO 6-step method.

Conclusion: Reducing the complexity of hand rub application can have a positive impact on hand hygiene adherence. With our results showing that antimicrobial efficacy comparable to an unmodified EN 1500 can be achieved in 15 seconds using an intuitive rubbing technique, further barriers to more user-friendly hand rub application have been removed.

目的:正确的手部卫生被广泛认为是预防医疗相关感染的重要措施。关于如何进行手部防腐的指南通常受实验室测试的启发,注重可重复性而非易用性。这些繁琐的建议可能会成为手部卫生的障碍,因为要让用户接受,就必须采用直观的擦拭技术,擦拭量小、擦拭时间短。在此,我们对 EN 1500 进行了修改,在更方便用户使用的条件下,使用高度直观的擦手技术在 15 秒内测试擦手液的功效:方法:根据 EN 1500 标准,对乙醇和丙醇擦手液灭活志愿者手上大肠杆菌的功效进行了测试,并对擦手技巧和时间进行了修改。为找到 "负责任的涂抹 "的合适量,进行了预先测试,这是一个没有明确步骤的程序。最后,20 名志愿者使用 3 毫升 "负责任地使用 "和 5 毫升 "世界卫生组织 6 步技术 "两种擦手液,时间均为 15 秒:结果:乙醇和丙醇两种擦手液在两种涂抹方法中的效果均不优于未经改良的 EN 1500 参考文献,即 3 毫升 "负责任的涂抹 "和 5 毫升世界卫生组织 6 步涂抹法:结论:降低涂抹擦手液的复杂性可对手部卫生的依从性产生积极影响。我们的研究结果表明,使用直观的涂抹技术在 15 秒内就能达到与未改良 EN 1500 相当的抗菌效果,这进一步消除了使用更方便的擦手纸的障碍。
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引用次数: 0
Vaccination status, awareness, and its correlates among healthcare workers in the Delhi-National Capital Region (NCR): a mixed-method study. 德里-国家首都地区(NCR)医护人员的疫苗接种状况、意识及其相关因素:一项混合方法研究。
IF 1.7 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-20 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000494
Mohammed Ahmed, Varalakshmi Manchana

Introduction: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are on the frontline of infections. To safeguard HCWs from occupational exposure to infections and to curb nosocomial infection a set of vaccines has been recommended for them by the WHO. Hence, we aimed to assess the vaccination status, awareness, and its correlates amongst HCWs in the Delhi-NCR.

Method: The study used a cross-sectional mixed-method approach from January to April 2023. For the quantitative arm, a structured questionnaire was circulated to the participants in conveniently-selected private and government tertiary care hospitals of the Delhi-NCR, both through e-survey using Google form, and in person, data were collected on socio-demographics, vaccination status, and awareness. SPSS version 25 was used for the analysis. For the qualitative arm, in-depth interviews were conducted and data were analyzed manually.

Results: Out of 387 participants (62.8% males, 37.2% females), the awareness about the vaccines recommended for HCWs was 64.1%. However, only 15.3% of HCWs were completely aware of all the recommended vaccines. SARS CoV-2, Polio, Hepatitis B, and BCG had the highest vaccination coverage, 97.4%, 87.9%, 83.7%, and 50.9%, respectively. It was found that gender, education, type (private or governmental) of tertiary care hospital, and profession had a significance (p<0.05) on the vaccination status score and awareness of all WHO-recommended vaccines (AOR=7.6, 95% CI, 3.24-18.0). The qualitative arm further augmented the findings.

Conclusion: The study reveals insufficient awareness and vaccination status regarding recommended vaccines. Prioritizing the preparation of unified standard guidelines for Indian HCWs and involving concerned stakeholders is crucial.

导言:医护人员(HCWs)处于感染的第一线。为了保护医护人员免受职业感染并遏制院内感染,世界卫生组织为他们推荐了一套疫苗。因此,我们旨在评估德里-尼罗河谷地区高危行业工人的疫苗接种状况、意识及其相关因素:研究采用横断面混合方法,时间为 2023 年 1 月至 4 月。在定量研究方面,研究人员在德里-尼罗河沿岸地区方便选择的私立和公立三甲医院分发了一份结构化问卷,通过使用谷歌表格进行电子调查和当面调查两种方式收集有关社会人口统计学、疫苗接种状况和意识的数据。分析使用了 SPSS 25 版本。定性分析部分则进行了深入访谈,并对数据进行了人工分析:在 387 名参与者(62.8% 为男性,37.2% 为女性)中,对建议医护人员接种的疫苗的知晓率为 64.1%。然而,只有 15.3% 的医护人员完全了解所有推荐的疫苗。SARS CoV-2、脊髓灰质炎、乙型肝炎和卡介苗的接种覆盖率最高,分别为 97.4%、87.9%、83.7% 和 50.9%。研究发现,性别、教育程度、三甲医院类型(私立或公立)和职业对疫苗接种率有显著影响(p 结论:研究表明,人们对推荐疫苗的认识和接种情况不足。为印度医护人员编制统一的标准指南并让相关利益方参与其中至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Assessment of the knowledge of healthcare workers on monkeypox in Nigeria. 评估尼日利亚医护人员对猴痘的了解程度。
IF 1.7 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-20 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000493
Uche Eze, Nnenna Okafor, Gerald Ozota, Kelechi Nworie, Christian Asogwa, Ifeanyi Richard, Ann-Pearl Ilochonwu, Samuel Ezeasor, Chineye Okorie, Kenechukwu Ben-Umeh, Adaeze Ezeh, Mercy Aboh, Abdulmuminu Isah

Background: Monkeypox, a re-emerging zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), poses a public health challenge in Nigeria. To effectively combat this disease, it is essential to assess the knowledge of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Nigeria concerning monkeypox outbreak.

Methods: A cross-sectional web-based survey with 609 healthcare workers in Nigeria was conducted using a structured questionnaire to assess their knowledge of monkeypox. Data were coded and analyzed with Microsoft Excel and Python in Anaconda Jupyter Notebook.

Results: The majority of respondents (n=318, 52.2%) had good knowledge of MPXV but also had knowledge gaps regarding certain symptoms and disease similarities. Interestingly, respondents were completely unaware of the possibility of sexual transmission of the disease. However, they recognized the possible significant impact of monkeypox on the social and economic lifestyle of Nigerians (n=582, 95.6%, adjOR=21.181, 95% CI: 14.450-31.051). Respondents had mixed knowledge regarding the use of smallpox vaccines and antiviral agents for monkeypox prevention and treatment. Furthermore, a significant proportion (n=526, 86.4%, adjOR=0.159, 95% CI: 0.126-0.201) attributed the outbreak to bioterrorism. The logistic regression highlighted a strong influence of academic qualification, type of healthcare provider, years of experience, and geopolitical zone of practice, on monkeypox knowledge in Nigeria.

Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of continuous education for healthcare professionals in Nigeria to improve monkeypox outbreak management. Despite their moderate performance, there are knowledge gaps in critical areas among HCWs, necessitating further research to explore reasons and influencing factors for knowledge levels.

背景:猴痘是由猴痘病毒(MPXV)引起的一种重新出现的人畜共患疾病,对尼日利亚的公共卫生构成了挑战。为了有效防治这种疾病,有必要评估尼日利亚医护人员(HCWs)对猴痘爆发的了解程度:方法:采用结构化问卷对尼日利亚的 609 名医护人员进行了横向网络调查,以评估他们对猴痘的了解程度。数据用Microsoft Excel和Python在Anaconda Jupyter Notebook中进行编码和分析:大多数受访者(n=318,52.2%)对猴痘有较好的了解,但在某些症状和疾病相似性方面还存在知识空白。有趣的是,受访者完全没有意识到这种疾病通过性传播的可能性。不过,他们认识到猴痘可能对尼日利亚人的社会和经济生活方式产生重大影响(n=582,95.6%,adjOR=21.181,95% CI:14.450-31.051)。受访者对使用天花疫苗和抗病毒药物预防和治疗猴痘的了解程度不一。此外,相当大比例的受访者(n=526,86.4%,adjOR=0.159,95% CI:0.126-0.201)将疫情归因于生物恐怖主义。逻辑回归结果表明,学历、医疗服务提供者类型、工作年限和执业地区对尼日利亚猴痘知识的影响很大:这项研究强调了对尼日利亚医护人员进行持续教育以改善猴痘疫情管理的重要性。尽管医护人员的表现一般,但在关键领域仍存在知识差距,因此有必要开展进一步研究,探讨知识水平的原因和影响因素。
{"title":"Assessment of the knowledge of healthcare workers on monkeypox in Nigeria.","authors":"Uche Eze, Nnenna Okafor, Gerald Ozota, Kelechi Nworie, Christian Asogwa, Ifeanyi Richard, Ann-Pearl Ilochonwu, Samuel Ezeasor, Chineye Okorie, Kenechukwu Ben-Umeh, Adaeze Ezeh, Mercy Aboh, Abdulmuminu Isah","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000493","DOIUrl":"10.3205/dgkh000493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Monkeypox, a re-emerging zoonotic disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), poses a public health challenge in Nigeria. To effectively combat this disease, it is essential to assess the knowledge of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Nigeria concerning monkeypox outbreak.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-sectional web-based survey with 609 healthcare workers in Nigeria was conducted using a structured questionnaire to assess their knowledge of monkeypox. Data were coded and analyzed with Microsoft Excel and Python in Anaconda Jupyter Notebook.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The majority of respondents (n=318, 52.2%) had good knowledge of MPXV but also had knowledge gaps regarding certain symptoms and disease similarities. Interestingly, respondents were completely unaware of the possibility of sexual transmission of the disease. However, they recognized the possible significant impact of monkeypox on the social and economic lifestyle of Nigerians (n=582, 95.6%, adjOR=21.181, 95% CI: 14.450-31.051). Respondents had mixed knowledge regarding the use of smallpox vaccines and antiviral agents for monkeypox prevention and treatment. Furthermore, a significant proportion (n=526, 86.4%, adjOR=0.159, 95% CI: 0.126-0.201) attributed the outbreak to bioterrorism. The logistic regression highlighted a strong influence of academic qualification, type of healthcare provider, years of experience, and geopolitical zone of practice, on monkeypox knowledge in Nigeria.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study highlights the importance of continuous education for healthcare professionals in Nigeria to improve monkeypox outbreak management. Despite their moderate performance, there are knowledge gaps in critical areas among HCWs, necessitating further research to explore reasons and influencing factors for knowledge levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11367260/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142119531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Virucidal activity of chlorine dioxide in combination with acetic acid or citric acid and a surfactant, in presence of interfering substances, against polio-, adeno- and murine norovirus in suspension-, carrier- and four-field tests. 在悬浮、载体和四场试验中,二氧化氯与醋酸或柠檬酸和表面活性剂结合,在存在干扰物质的情况下,对脊髓灰质炎病毒、腺病毒和小鼠诺如病毒的杀病毒活性。
IF 1.7 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-08-12 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000492
Patryk Tarka, Arkadiusz Chruściel, Wiesław Hreczuch, Krzysztof Kanecki, Aneta Nitsch-Osuch

Introduction: The aim of the study was to investigate whether the virucidal effectiveness of chlorine dioxid against adenovirus and murine norovirus can be improved by combining it with carboxylic acids and surfactants.

Method: The virucidal efficacy against polio-, adeno- and murine norovirus has been tested in presence of interfering substances in the quantitative suspension test according to EN 14476, the carrier test without mechanical action according to EN 16777, and in the four-field test according to EN 16615.Three chlorine-dioxide-based surface disinfectants were tested: a two-component cleaning disinfectant concentrate for large surfaces, a ready-to-use (RTU) foam, and an RTU gel.

Results: Cleaning and disinfecting preparations based on chlorine dioxide, applied at various concentrations, in combination with acetic acid or citric acid and surfactants, are virucidally active against polio-, adeno-, and norovirus after an exposure time of 5 minutes in presence of interfering substances.

引言研究的目的是探讨二氧氯是否可以通过与羧酸和表面活性剂结合来提高对腺病毒和小鼠诺如病毒的杀毒效果:在有干扰物质存在的情况下,根据 EN 14476 标准进行了定量悬浮试验,根据 EN 16777 标准进行了无机械作用载体试验,根据 EN 16615 标准进行了四场试验,对脊髓灰质炎病毒、腺病毒和小鼠诺如病毒的杀病毒效果进行了测试:结果:在有干扰物质存在的情况下,以不同浓度的二氧化氯为基础的清洁和消毒制剂与醋酸或柠檬酸和表面活性剂混合使用,在暴露 5 分钟后对脊髓灰质炎病毒、腺病毒和诺如病毒具有杀毒活性。
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引用次数: 0
Secapin: a promising antimicrobial peptide against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii. 塞卡平:一种针对耐多药鲍曼不动杆菌的前景看好的抗菌肽。
IF 1.7 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-07-09 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000491
Zohreh Sadeghi Rad, Mahnaz Farahmand, Mahsa Kavousi

Introduction: Acinetobacter baumannii, renowned for its exceptional multidrug resistance and its role as a prevalent nosocomial pathogen, poses a formidable challenge to conventional antibiotic therapies. The primary objective of this investigation was to evaluate the efficacy of Secapin, an antimicrobial peptide, against multidrug-resistant (MDR) baumannii. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying Secapin's antibacterial and antibiofilm activities were elucidated.

Methods: The antimicrobial and antibiofilm effectiveness of Secapin against MDR A. baumannii was assessed through a series of experiments. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of Secapin were determined using established protocols. Time-kill kinetic analysis was performed to assess the concentration-dependent bactericidal effect of Secapin. Additionally, the capacity of Secapin to impede biofilm formation and eradicate A. b aumannii biofilms was investigated. Hemolytic potential was evaluated using human red blood cells, while mammalian cell viability was examined at varying Secapin concentrations.

Results: Secapin exhibited robust bactericidal activity at minimal concentrations, with an MIC of 5 µg/mL and an MBC of 10 µg/mL against MDR A. baumannii. The time-kill kinetic analysis confirmed the concentration-dependent efficacy of Secapin in diminishing bacterial viability. Moreover, Secapin demonstrated the ability to prevent biofilm formation and eliminate established A. baumannii biofilms. Notably, Secapin exhibited no hemolytic activity and preserved mammalian cell viability up to a concentration of 100 µg/mL.

Conclusion: These findings underscore the substantial potential of Secapin as a potent agent against multidrug-resistant A. baumannii, showcasing its efficacy in both antibacterial and antibiofilm capacities. The favorable attributes of Secapin, characterized by its minimal hemolytic effects and high mammalian cell viability, position it as a promising contender in the fight against antibiotic resistance.

导言:鲍曼不动杆菌(Acinetobacter baumannii)以其特殊的多重耐药性和作为流行的院内病原体而闻名,对传统的抗生素疗法提出了严峻的挑战。这项研究的主要目的是评估抗菌肽塞卡平对耐多药(MDR)鲍曼不动杆菌的疗效。此外,还阐明了塞卡平抗菌和抗生物膜活性的机制:方法:通过一系列实验评估了塞卡平对 MDR 鲍曼尼氏菌的抗菌和抗生物膜效果。采用既定方案测定了塞卡平的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。进行了时间杀灭动力学分析,以评估塞卡平的杀菌效果与浓度有关。此外,还研究了塞卡平阻碍生物膜形成和根除鲍曼不动杆菌生物膜的能力。利用人体红细胞评估了溶血潜能,并在不同浓度的塞卡平作用下检测了哺乳动物细胞的存活率:结果:塞卡平在最低浓度下表现出强大的杀菌活性,对 MDR 鲍曼尼氏菌的 MIC 为 5 µg/mL,MBC 为 10 µg/mL。时间杀伤动力学分析证实,塞卡平在降低细菌活力方面的功效与浓度有关。此外,塞卡平还能防止生物膜的形成并消除已形成的鲍曼不动杆菌生物膜。值得注意的是,塞卡平没有溶血活性,并且在浓度达到 100 µg/mL 时仍能保持哺乳动物细胞的活力:这些发现强调了塞卡平作为抗耐多药鲍曼不动杆菌的强效制剂的巨大潜力,展示了其在抗菌和抗生物膜方面的功效。塞卡平溶血作用小、哺乳动物细胞存活率高,这些有利特性使其成为抗击抗生素耐药性的有力竞争者。
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引用次数: 0
Bibliometric analysis of publication trends on ocular hygiene and infections in the past two decades. 对过去二十年有关眼部卫生和感染的出版物趋势进行文献计量分析。
IF 1.7 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-06-21 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000489
Mohsan Ali, Bisal Naseer, Rawal Alias Insaf Ahmed, Muhammad Talha, Moeez Saqib, Amar Anwar

Background: Ocular hygiene encompasses a spectrum of measures to initiate and maintain adequate ocular cleanliness to prevent eye infections and their further transmission. These infections affect all age groups and can lead to severe complications such as blindness. Nearly 1 billion cases could have been prevented out of over 2.2 billion people that are visually impaired worldwide. This bibliometric analysis focuses on the papers published on ocular hygiene and infections.

Methods: We searched in the Scopus database from 2004 to 2024. After manual screening, a list of the 100 most-cited original articles was obtained, which was analysed for various factors, including temporal trends, subject areas, authorship patterns, country of origin, funding bodies, etc.

Results: There has been a gradual decline over the past two decades in the number of publications. The United States was affiliated with the highest number of publications (n=61), followed by The United Kingdom (n=12) and Gambia (n=8). Several authors had 4 or more publications, with the highest number of publications by Rouse, B. T. (n=14). The American Journal of Ophthalmology takes the lead with 15 publications, while the National Eye Institute (n=23) was the leading funding body. Examination of institutional contributions shows that The University of Tennessee, Knoxville and UT College of Veterinary Medicine stand out with twelve publications each. Nearly half the publications belong to the field of medicine. However, significant publications also come from the fields Neuroscience, Microbiology and Immunology, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, etc. These findings highlight that there is great potential to conduct research to propagate ocular hygiene to prevent adverse effects of infections.

背景:眼部卫生包括一系列措施,以启动和保持适当的眼部清洁,预防眼部感染及其进一步传播。这些感染影响所有年龄段的人群,并可导致严重的并发症,如失明。在全球超过 22 亿的视力受损者中,近 10 亿病例是可以预防的。本文献计量分析主要关注发表在眼部卫生和感染方面的论文:方法:我们在 Scopus 数据库中搜索了 2004 年至 2024 年发表的论文。经过人工筛选,我们得到了被引用次数最多的 100 篇原创文章,并对这些文章进行了各种因素分析,包括时间趋势、主题领域、作者模式、来源国、资助机构等:结果:在过去二十年里,论文数量逐渐减少。发表论文数量最多的国家是美国(61 篇),其次是英国(12 篇)和冈比亚(8 篇)。几位作者发表了 4 篇或更多的论文,其中 Rouse, B. T. 的论文数量最多(14 篇)。美国眼科杂志》(American Journal of Ophthalmology)发表了 15 篇论文,居于首位,而美国国家眼科研究所(National Eye Institute)(n=23)则是主要的资助机构。对机构贡献的研究表明,田纳西大学诺克斯维尔分校和UT兽医学院各发表了12篇论文,表现突出。近一半的出版物属于医学领域。不过,神经科学、微生物学和免疫学、生物化学、遗传学和分子生物学等领域也发表了大量论文。这些研究结果突出表明,在宣传眼部卫生以预防感染的不良影响方面存在巨大的研究潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Prevalence of methicillin sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage among German emergency medical providers. 德国急诊医疗服务人员对甲氧西林敏感和耐药金黄色葡萄球菌携带的流行情况。
IF 1.7 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-06-21 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000490
Aaron Weiss, Axel Kramer, Robert Taube, Frauke Mattner, Katrin Premke

Background: Health care workers (HCW) in Emergency Medical Services (EMS) frequently come into contact with carriers of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains and may acquire and transmit them to patients. However, there is little data on MSSA and MRSA colonization of medical personnel in the emergency services. Additionally, few studies have analyzed the association between personal hygiene of staff and colonization. Therefore, we examined the prevalence of MSSA and MRSA in EMS staff of two German regions and evaluated their personal hygiene behavior.

Method: Throat and nasal swabs from 300 EMS workers were analyzed. Both direct and pre-enriched cultures of the swabs were cultivated on culture media to identify MSSA and MRSA. Results were analyzed together with questionnaires about sociodemographic data and a self-assessment of hygiene behavior. Statistical analysis was done using the R statistical software.

Results: Of the total 300 swabs, 55% were from paramedics, 39% were from emergency medical technicians (EMT) and 5% were from emergency physicians. With 1%, the MRSA prevalence was comparable to that of the German population, while the MSSA rate - 43.7% - was higher than expected. Colonization with MSSA was significantly associated with poor hand hygiene and male sex, and was inversely correlated to time on the job in EMS.

Conclusion: The sample size of 300 and a MRSA prevalence of 1% made a meaningful analysis of potential influencing factors on the prevalence of MRSA infeasible. The comparatively high prevalence of MSSA and the association with decreasing frequency of hand antisepsis suggests an influence of personal hygiene on MSSA colonization. HCW in EMS should be encouraged to make use of their personal protective equipment and practice frequent hand hygiene. The implementation of diagnostic tools such as the Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework of the WHO could be utilized to reveal problems in organizations, followed by an individual program to promote hand hygiene.

背景:紧急医疗服务(EMS)中的医护人员(HCW)经常接触甲氧西林易感金黄色葡萄球菌(MSSA)和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)菌株的携带者,并可能将其传染给病人。然而,有关急诊服务中医务人员 MSSA 和 MRSA 定植情况的数据却很少。此外,很少有研究分析工作人员的个人卫生与定植之间的关系。因此,我们研究了德国两个地区急救人员的 MSSA 和 MRSA 感染率,并评估了他们的个人卫生行为:方法:分析了 300 名急救人员的喉拭子和鼻拭子。方法:对 300 名急救人员的咽拭子和鼻拭子进行分析,在培养基上对咽拭子进行直接培养和预富集培养,以鉴定 MSSA 和 MRSA。分析结果与有关社会人口学数据和卫生行为自我评估的问卷一起进行。统计分析使用 R 统计软件进行:在总共 300 份棉签中,55% 来自医护人员,39% 来自急救医疗技术人员(EMT),5% 来自急诊医生。MRSA感染率为1%,与德国人口的感染率相当,而MSSA感染率(43.7%)则高于预期。MSSA定植与手部卫生差和男性性别有明显关系,与在急救中心工作的时间成反比:300个样本和1%的MRSA感染率使得对MRSA感染率的潜在影响因素进行有意义的分析变得不可能。相对较高的 MSSA 感染率以及与手部消毒频率下降的关联表明,个人卫生对 MSSA 定植有影响。应鼓励急救服务中的医护人员使用个人防护设备并经常进行手部卫生。可利用诊断工具(如世界卫生组织的 "手部卫生自我评估框架")来揭示组织中存在的问题,然后制定个人计划来促进手部卫生。
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引用次数: 0
Can toothbrushing reduce the intraoral viral load of SARS-CoV-2? A pilot study with a dentifrice containing an antimicrobial phthalocyanine derivative. 刷牙能减少 SARS-CoV-2 的口腔内病毒载量吗?使用含有抗菌酞菁衍生物的牙膏进行试点研究。
IF 1.7 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-06-05 eCollection Date: 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.3205/dgkh000487
Marcelo Lupion Poleti, Danielle Gregório, Alisson Gabriel Idelfonso Bistaffa, Fabiano Vieira Vilhena, Andréa Name Colado Simão, Mayara Tiemi Enokida Mori, Nicole Perugini Stadtlober, Marcell Alysson Batisti Lozovoy, Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos, Berenice Tomoko Tatibana, Thais Maria Freire Fernandes

The aim of this study was to assess whether toothbrushing with a dentifrice containing an antimicrobial phthalocyanine derivative (APD) can reduce the intraoral viral load of SARS-CoV-2. Twenty COVID-19-positive dentate patients aged ≥18 years were selected instructed to brush their teeth for 2 min with a dentifrice containing APD. Self-collected samples of unstimulated saliva were carried out three times: T0 (baseline), T5 (5 min after toothbrushing), and T30 (30 min after toothbrushing). The analysis of viral RNA was performed by RT-qPCR for detection of three viral genes (ORF1ab, N and S genes). Results were statistically tested using Friedman's test and pairwise comparison with Bonferroni corrections, with a significance level of 5%. There was an increase in the cycle threshold (Ct) value from T0 to T5 in 13 patients (72.2%), and from T0 to T30 in 14 patients (77.8%). In two patients (11.1%) no SARS-CoV-2 was detected at T5 and five patients (27.8%) at T30. The Ct values were statistically significantly higher (p=0.020) at T30 in comparison to T0 and T5. This pilot study suggests that toothbrushing with a dentifrice containing APD could reduce the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the oral cavity. However, further studies are needed to confirm this possible beneficial effect against SARS-CoV-2.

本研究的目的是评估使用含有抗菌酞菁衍生物(APD)的牙膏刷牙是否能减少 SARS-CoV-2 的口腔内病毒载量。选取了 20 名 COVID-19 阳性、年龄≥18 岁的无牙患者,指导他们使用含 APD 的牙膏刷牙 2 分钟。对未受刺激的唾液样本进行三次自我采集:T0(基线)、T5(刷牙后 5 分钟)和 T30(刷牙后 30 分钟)。病毒 RNA 分析采用 RT-qPCR 方法,检测三个病毒基因(ORF1ab、N 和 S 基因)。结果采用弗里德曼检验和配对比较进行统计检验,并进行 Bonferroni 校正,显著性水平为 5%。13名患者(72.2%)的周期阈值(Ct)从T0升至T5,14名患者(77.8%)的周期阈值(Ct)从T0升至T30。有 2 名患者(11.1%)在 T5 检测不到 SARS-CoV-2,有 5 名患者(27.8%)在 T30 检测不到 SARS-CoV-2。与 T0 和 T5 相比,T30 的 Ct 值在统计学上明显更高(p=0.020)。这项试验研究表明,使用含 APD 的牙膏刷牙可减少口腔中的 SARS-CoV-2 病毒载量。然而,还需要进一步的研究来证实这种可能对 SARS-CoV-2 有益的效果。
{"title":"Can toothbrushing reduce the intraoral viral load of SARS-CoV-2? A pilot study with a dentifrice containing an antimicrobial phthalocyanine derivative.","authors":"Marcelo Lupion Poleti, Danielle Gregório, Alisson Gabriel Idelfonso Bistaffa, Fabiano Vieira Vilhena, Andréa Name Colado Simão, Mayara Tiemi Enokida Mori, Nicole Perugini Stadtlober, Marcell Alysson Batisti Lozovoy, Paulo Sérgio da Silva Santos, Berenice Tomoko Tatibana, Thais Maria Freire Fernandes","doi":"10.3205/dgkh000487","DOIUrl":"10.3205/dgkh000487","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of this study was to assess whether toothbrushing with a dentifrice containing an antimicrobial phthalocyanine derivative (APD) can reduce the intraoral viral load of SARS-CoV-2. Twenty COVID-19-positive dentate patients aged ≥18 years were selected instructed to brush their teeth for 2 min with a dentifrice containing APD. Self-collected samples of unstimulated saliva were carried out three times: T0 (baseline), T5 (5 min after toothbrushing), and T30 (30 min after toothbrushing). The analysis of viral RNA was performed by RT-qPCR for detection of three viral genes (ORF1ab, N and S genes). Results were statistically tested using Friedman's test and pairwise comparison with Bonferroni corrections, with a significance level of 5%. There was an increase in the cycle threshold (Ct) value from T0 to T5 in 13 patients (72.2%), and from T0 to T30 in 14 patients (77.8%). In two patients (11.1%) no SARS-CoV-2 was detected at T5 and five patients (27.8%) at T30. The Ct values were statistically significantly higher (p=0.020) at T30 in comparison to T0 and T5. This pilot study suggests that toothbrushing with a dentifrice containing APD could reduce the SARS-CoV-2 viral load in the oral cavity. However, further studies are needed to confirm this possible beneficial effect against SARS-CoV-2.</p>","PeriodicalId":12738,"journal":{"name":"GMS Hygiene and Infection Control","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11238404/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141590064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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GMS Hygiene and Infection Control
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