Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737563
S. V. Giri, Gregory A. Price, S. Zekavat
This paper presents a new method for timing synchronization in mobile transceivers utilizing direct sequence spread spectrum signaling (DSSS) for target localization. Traditional methods of timing synchronization for DSSS produce variable latency that depends on channel characteristics and configuration. This latency produces bias in range measurements which causes errors in position estimation. Our method produces a fixed-time low-latency synchronization of sub-chip timing precision, via oversampling. Utilizing single bit quantization we are able to use exclusive-OR (XOR) based operations instead of expensive multiply-accumulate (MAC) functions. This reduces the hardware utilization significantly, allowing more logic efficiency. The proposed approach is particularly critical for hardened FP-GAs that have applications in space and extreme environments.
{"title":"A novel synchronization method for active positioning via DSSS: Achieving low resource usage and latency","authors":"S. V. Giri, Gregory A. Price, S. Zekavat","doi":"10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737563","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a new method for timing synchronization in mobile transceivers utilizing direct sequence spread spectrum signaling (DSSS) for target localization. Traditional methods of timing synchronization for DSSS produce variable latency that depends on channel characteristics and configuration. This latency produces bias in range measurements which causes errors in position estimation. Our method produces a fixed-time low-latency synchronization of sub-chip timing precision, via oversampling. Utilizing single bit quantization we are able to use exclusive-OR (XOR) based operations instead of expensive multiply-accumulate (MAC) functions. This reduces the hardware utilization significantly, allowing more logic efficiency. The proposed approach is particularly critical for hardened FP-GAs that have applications in space and extreme environments.","PeriodicalId":127644,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124887490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737567
P. Gamba, E. Goldoni, P. Savazzi, Pier Giorgio Arpesi, Claudia Sopranzi, J. Dufour
This work is devoted to the feasibility study of a wireless sensing system, mainly based on passive surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, for remote measurement of temperature aboard space platforms. The use of passive sensors is particularly attractive since they need no battery and are robust in extreme environments, as they contain no active electronic circuits. The main objective of this study is the complete characterization of the wireless system environment, in order to determine the main fundamental limits of this technology from a communication theory point of view. Preliminary experimental measurements are used for both defining the main environment parameters, validating some of the theoretical limit computations and proving the space application feasibility.
{"title":"Wireless passive sensors for remote sensing of temperature on aerospace platforms","authors":"P. Gamba, E. Goldoni, P. Savazzi, Pier Giorgio Arpesi, Claudia Sopranzi, J. Dufour","doi":"10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737567","url":null,"abstract":"This work is devoted to the feasibility study of a wireless sensing system, mainly based on passive surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors, for remote measurement of temperature aboard space platforms. The use of passive sensors is particularly attractive since they need no battery and are robust in extreme environments, as they contain no active electronic circuits. The main objective of this study is the complete characterization of the wireless system environment, in order to determine the main fundamental limits of this technology from a communication theory point of view. Preliminary experimental measurements are used for both defining the main environment parameters, validating some of the theoretical limit computations and proving the space application feasibility.","PeriodicalId":127644,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126044142","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737568
A. A. Adekunle
Increased miniaturisation and subsequent cost reduction of contemporary celestial satellites (e.g. CubeSats) has motivated a growth in deployment of said satellites for commercial and research applications. To thwart unauthorised wireless communications with the miniature satellites in earth orbit, a symmetric cryptographic technique referred to as Authenticated-Encryption with Associated-Data (AEAD) can be employed to secure the wireless communications by providing both confidentiality and integrity security services to corresponding data links. This paper introduces a resourceful block cipher based AEAD construct that is named CypherSat. CypherSat is designed to operate in hostile environments (e.g. ionising radiation) in particular it mitigates operational malfunction induced by transient single-event upsets (SEU) and multiple-bit upsets (MBU). CypherSat is benchmarked in comparison with two relevant AEAD constructs, CCM and TinyAEAD. The results of the software simulation benchmark indicate that CypherSat depending on its configuration; exhibited better performance regarding data processing latency, data processing throughput and processing efficiency for practical communicated data frame lengths.
{"title":"A resourceful symmetric cryptographic construct for securing miniature satellite communications","authors":"A. A. Adekunle","doi":"10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737568","url":null,"abstract":"Increased miniaturisation and subsequent cost reduction of contemporary celestial satellites (e.g. CubeSats) has motivated a growth in deployment of said satellites for commercial and research applications. To thwart unauthorised wireless communications with the miniature satellites in earth orbit, a symmetric cryptographic technique referred to as Authenticated-Encryption with Associated-Data (AEAD) can be employed to secure the wireless communications by providing both confidentiality and integrity security services to corresponding data links. This paper introduces a resourceful block cipher based AEAD construct that is named CypherSat. CypherSat is designed to operate in hostile environments (e.g. ionising radiation) in particular it mitigates operational malfunction induced by transient single-event upsets (SEU) and multiple-bit upsets (MBU). CypherSat is benchmarked in comparison with two relevant AEAD constructs, CCM and TinyAEAD. The results of the software simulation benchmark indicate that CypherSat depending on its configuration; exhibited better performance regarding data processing latency, data processing throughput and processing efficiency for practical communicated data frame lengths.","PeriodicalId":127644,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130677571","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737565
G. Alirezaei, R. Mathar, Pouya Ghofrani
In the present work, we investigate the power allocation problem in distributed sensor networks that are used for passive radar applications. The signal emitted by a target is observed by the sensor nodes independently. Since these local observations are noisy and are thus unreliable, they are fused together as a single reliable observation at a remotely located fusion center in order to increase the overall system performance. The fusion center uses the best linear unbiased estimator in order to estimate the present target signal accurately. By using the proposed system architecture and fusion rule, we are able to optimize the power allocation analytically. Two different cases of power constraints are discussed and compared with each other. The main applications of the proposed results are issues concerning the sensor selection and energy efficiency in passive sensor networks.
{"title":"Power optimization in sensor networks for passive radar applications","authors":"G. Alirezaei, R. Mathar, Pouya Ghofrani","doi":"10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737565","url":null,"abstract":"In the present work, we investigate the power allocation problem in distributed sensor networks that are used for passive radar applications. The signal emitted by a target is observed by the sensor nodes independently. Since these local observations are noisy and are thus unreliable, they are fused together as a single reliable observation at a remotely located fusion center in order to increase the overall system performance. The fusion center uses the best linear unbiased estimator in order to estimate the present target signal accurately. By using the proposed system architecture and fusion rule, we are able to optimize the power allocation analytically. Two different cases of power constraints are discussed and compared with each other. The main applications of the proposed results are issues concerning the sensor selection and energy efficiency in passive sensor networks.","PeriodicalId":127644,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122777476","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737569
M. Taj-Eldin, W. Kuhn, Amelia Hodges, B. Natarajan, Garrett Peterson, Muhannad Alshetaiwi, Shuo Ouyang, Germán Sánchez, Erin Monfort-Nelson
Existing space suits use conventional wired sensors that collect very limited physiological data to monitor health of astronauts during missions. Adding more wired sensors would involve significant modifications and complexity to the suit. Deploying a wireless body area network (WBAN) is preferred and would provide a number of advantages such as flexibility in sensor complement and positioning. This paper investigates the performance of intra-space suit wireless propagation using a full-scale space suit model that is built with electrical properties similar to that of a real space suit. The performance is characterized by quantifying the channel path loss at three frequencies: 315 MHz, 433 MHz and 916 MHz. Using a top-hat monopole antenna that is conformal to the human body and excites dominant coaxial waveguide modes, we measure path loss associated with various transmitter-receiver locations. The results demonstrate that the intra-suit environment is quite conducive to radio propagation, although there are substantial differences in path loss for the different frequency bands.
{"title":"Wireless propagation measurements for astronaut body area network","authors":"M. Taj-Eldin, W. Kuhn, Amelia Hodges, B. Natarajan, Garrett Peterson, Muhannad Alshetaiwi, Shuo Ouyang, Germán Sánchez, Erin Monfort-Nelson","doi":"10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737569","url":null,"abstract":"Existing space suits use conventional wired sensors that collect very limited physiological data to monitor health of astronauts during missions. Adding more wired sensors would involve significant modifications and complexity to the suit. Deploying a wireless body area network (WBAN) is preferred and would provide a number of advantages such as flexibility in sensor complement and positioning. This paper investigates the performance of intra-space suit wireless propagation using a full-scale space suit model that is built with electrical properties similar to that of a real space suit. The performance is characterized by quantifying the channel path loss at three frequencies: 315 MHz, 433 MHz and 916 MHz. Using a top-hat monopole antenna that is conformal to the human body and excites dominant coaxial waveguide modes, we measure path loss associated with various transmitter-receiver locations. The results demonstrate that the intra-suit environment is quite conducive to radio propagation, although there are substantial differences in path loss for the different frequency bands.","PeriodicalId":127644,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127687185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1109/WISEE.2013.6737555
B. Ijaz, A. Sanyal, Alfonso Mendoza-Radal, Sayan Roy, I. Ullah, M. Reich, D. Dawn, B. Braaten, N. Chamberlain, D. Anagnostou
Previously, it has been shown that the projection method can be used as an effective tool to compute the appropriate phase compensation of a conformal antenna array on a spherical surface. In this paper, the projection method is used to study the gain limitations of a phase-compensated six-element conformal microstrip antenna array on non-conducting spherical surfaces. As a metric for comparison, the computed gain of the phase-compensated conformal array is compared to the gain of a six-element reference antenna on a flat surface with the same inter-element spacing and operating frequency. To validate these computations, a conformal phased-array antenna consisting of six individual microstrip patches, voltage controlled phase shifters and a power divider was assembled and tested at 2.22 GHz. Overall, it is shown how much less the gain of the phase-compensated antenna is than the reference antenna for various radius values of the sphere.
{"title":"Gain limits of phase compensated conformal antenna arrays on non-conducting spherical surfaces using the projection method","authors":"B. Ijaz, A. Sanyal, Alfonso Mendoza-Radal, Sayan Roy, I. Ullah, M. Reich, D. Dawn, B. Braaten, N. Chamberlain, D. Anagnostou","doi":"10.1109/WISEE.2013.6737555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WISEE.2013.6737555","url":null,"abstract":"Previously, it has been shown that the projection method can be used as an effective tool to compute the appropriate phase compensation of a conformal antenna array on a spherical surface. In this paper, the projection method is used to study the gain limitations of a phase-compensated six-element conformal microstrip antenna array on non-conducting spherical surfaces. As a metric for comparison, the computed gain of the phase-compensated conformal array is compared to the gain of a six-element reference antenna on a flat surface with the same inter-element spacing and operating frequency. To validate these computations, a conformal phased-array antenna consisting of six individual microstrip patches, voltage controlled phase shifters and a power divider was assembled and tested at 2.22 GHz. Overall, it is shown how much less the gain of the phase-compensated antenna is than the reference antenna for various radius values of the sphere.","PeriodicalId":127644,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132092301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-01DOI: 10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737572
Ramin Rezaei, Fady Ghabrial, E. Besnard, P. Shankar, Joel Castro, Lonnie Labonte, Mojtaba Razfar, A. Abedi
This paper presents a simulation study of the realtime determination of the elastic mode characteristics (frequency and displacement mode shape) of a launch vehicle using an array of sensors that measure the local strain along the length of the vehicle. The determination of the frequency and shape of the excited modes is accomplished using the buffered strain data. We assume that the sensed data is obtained from a wirelessly networked array of sensors that brings in additional complexity due to the presence of delays, packet loss and network dynamics. Preliminary results show a high sensitivity of the mode-shape determination algorithm to delays in sensed information.
{"title":"Determination of elastic mode characteristics using wirelessly networked sensors for nanosat launch vehicle control","authors":"Ramin Rezaei, Fady Ghabrial, E. Besnard, P. Shankar, Joel Castro, Lonnie Labonte, Mojtaba Razfar, A. Abedi","doi":"10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737572","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a simulation study of the realtime determination of the elastic mode characteristics (frequency and displacement mode shape) of a launch vehicle using an array of sensors that measure the local strain along the length of the vehicle. The determination of the frequency and shape of the excited modes is accomplished using the buffered strain data. We assume that the sensed data is obtained from a wirelessly networked array of sensors that brings in additional complexity due to the presence of delays, packet loss and network dynamics. Preliminary results show a high sensitivity of the mode-shape determination algorithm to delays in sensed information.","PeriodicalId":127644,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126594978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-09-23DOI: 10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737576
M. T. Contreras, B. Trease, B. Sherwood
Within the past decade, the Space Solar Power (SSP) community has seen an influx of stakeholders willing to entertain the SSP prospect of potentially boundless, base-load solar energy. Interested parties affiliated with the Department of Defense (DoD), the private sector, and various international entities have all agreed that while the benefits of SSP are tremendous and potentially profitable, the risk associated with developing an efficient end to end SSP harvesting system is still very high. In an effort to reduce the implementation risk for future SSP architectures, this study proposes a system level design that is both low-cost and seeks to demonstrate the furthest transmission of wireless power to date. The overall concept is presented and each subsystem is explained in detail with best estimates of current implementable technologies. Basic cost models were constructed based on input from JPL subject matter experts and assume that the technology demonstration would be carried out by a federally funded entity. The main thrust of the architecture is to demonstrate that a usable amount of solar power can be safely and reliably transmitted from space to the Earth's surface; however, maximum power scalability limits and their cost implications are discussed.
{"title":"The solar umbrella: A low-cost demonstration of scalable space based solar power","authors":"M. T. Contreras, B. Trease, B. Sherwood","doi":"10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WiSEE.2013.6737576","url":null,"abstract":"Within the past decade, the Space Solar Power (SSP) community has seen an influx of stakeholders willing to entertain the SSP prospect of potentially boundless, base-load solar energy. Interested parties affiliated with the Department of Defense (DoD), the private sector, and various international entities have all agreed that while the benefits of SSP are tremendous and potentially profitable, the risk associated with developing an efficient end to end SSP harvesting system is still very high. In an effort to reduce the implementation risk for future SSP architectures, this study proposes a system level design that is both low-cost and seeks to demonstrate the furthest transmission of wireless power to date. The overall concept is presented and each subsystem is explained in detail with best estimates of current implementable technologies. Basic cost models were constructed based on input from JPL subject matter experts and assume that the technology demonstration would be carried out by a federally funded entity. The main thrust of the architecture is to demonstrate that a usable amount of solar power can be safely and reliably transmitted from space to the Earth's surface; however, maximum power scalability limits and their cost implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":127644,"journal":{"name":"IEEE International Conference on Wireless for Space and Extreme Environments","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-09-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120875457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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