In this paper, the neural network was developed to improve the dynamic scheduling of SARIA industry complex. This work implemented into two modules: modeling system by time calculation, the main purpose of this modeling is to calculate the total manufacturing times of the products. The second module is the neural network model architecture, constructed to hold a real-time optimization schedule to solve dynamic scheduling problems. The analytical model was built, including collection and manipulation of data, time calculations, and the neural networks model was formulated. Several training tests were carried out, then the dynamic scheduling was formulated. To assess the validity of the system and to investigate the efficiency and robustness of the system, the results were compared with those obtained from SARIA. The results reveal that the total time of products demand is easily calculated, and the system is agile to schedule any change that occurs in the demand, also the proposed system reduces 4 shift days for one demand. So the developed neural network leads to minimizing the total costs.
{"title":"Dynamic Scheduling of Assembly Line Using Neural Networks for SARIA Industrial Complex - Sudan","authors":"Khalid M. M. A. Bukkur, K. Ahmed, M. Shukri","doi":"10.54388/jkues.v2i1.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54388/jkues.v2i1.4","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the neural network was developed to improve the dynamic scheduling of SARIA industry complex. This work implemented into two modules: modeling system by time calculation, the main purpose of this modeling is to calculate the total manufacturing times of the products. The second module is the neural network model architecture, constructed to hold a real-time optimization schedule to solve dynamic scheduling problems. The analytical model was built, including collection and manipulation of data, time calculations, and the neural networks model was formulated. Several training tests were carried out, then the dynamic scheduling was formulated. To assess the validity of the system and to investigate the efficiency and robustness of the system, the results were compared with those obtained from SARIA. The results reveal that the total time of products demand is easily calculated, and the system is agile to schedule any change that occurs in the demand, also the proposed system reduces 4 shift days for one demand. So the developed neural network leads to minimizing the total costs.","PeriodicalId":129247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Karary University for Engineering and Science","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127982265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Reducing the friction force in turbulence flows is an important research topic in fluid mechanics. Shark skin has less drag than smooth skins, therefore shark skin surfaces have been widely used. However, some turbulence mechanisms are not completely understood and the drag reduction mechanism of real shark skin has not been thoroughly understood. Many researchers have experimentally studied bio-inspired riblet surfaces to explain some specified phenomena for the sharkskin drag reduction effect. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of the converging-diverging riblet-type surface roughness on a zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers, to investigate the effect of the surface roughness on the large-scale features and to confirm that converging-diverging riblet generate large-scale counter-rotating vortices. The wind tunnel experiments involved laminar and turbulent flow at various Re were performed. Hot-wire anemometry was used to investigate near-wall flow structure over smooth and riblet surfaces. The results showed that the convergent riblet plate significantly impacted the boundary layer properties. Furthermore, the turbulent skin friction drag over the convergent riblet was higher than on a smooth surface. The results agree well with previous studies.
{"title":"Experimental Study of Boundary Layer flow over a Zero Pressure Gradient Convergent Riblet Plate","authors":"Elmukashfi Osman, L. Zuhal, B. Nugroho","doi":"10.54388/jkues.v1i2.92","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54388/jkues.v1i2.92","url":null,"abstract":"Reducing the friction force in turbulence flows is an important research topic in fluid mechanics. Shark skin has less drag than smooth skins, therefore shark skin surfaces have been widely used. However, some turbulence mechanisms are not completely understood and the drag reduction mechanism of real shark skin has not been thoroughly understood. Many researchers have experimentally studied bio-inspired riblet surfaces to explain some specified phenomena for the sharkskin drag reduction effect. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effect of the converging-diverging riblet-type surface roughness on a zero pressure gradient turbulent boundary layers, to investigate the effect of the surface roughness on the large-scale features and to confirm that converging-diverging riblet generate large-scale counter-rotating vortices. The wind tunnel experiments involved laminar and turbulent flow at various Re were performed. Hot-wire anemometry was used to investigate near-wall flow structure over smooth and riblet surfaces. The results showed that the convergent riblet plate significantly impacted the boundary layer properties. Furthermore, the turbulent skin friction drag over the convergent riblet was higher than on a smooth surface. The results agree well with previous studies.","PeriodicalId":129247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Karary University for Engineering and Science","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126077147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Nogoud, T. O. Aburass, A. Ibrahim, Denan Murtada Abdelrasheed, Reem Mustafa Ali
The determination of an accurate value of a moment of inertia plays a vital role in designing decent mechanical parts as general such as a flight control system for aircraft. This why an accurate value for moment of inertia is needed. A test rig was designed and made form cardboard and then developed for wood. Experiments were carried out, to get to the final shape and product for the test rig, and it was manufactured with dimensions of 2.7x2.5 meters and with a holder dimension of 60x60 cm that bears up to 10 kg. Moreover, an electronic circuit has been used to measure the period of oscillations. The moment of inertia of a rectangular block of wood and a UAV is found. The moment of inertia was measured analytically and experimentally for the block of wood, and by comparing the values it founds that the error ratio from 1%to5% in X axis and -6% to 7% in Y axis. For the UAV the moment of inertia’s error ratio in X axis from 2% to 5% and in Y axis from 11% to 14%. It is noticed that the greater the additional weight, the greater the accuracy of the device.
{"title":"Design and Fabrication of a Testing Rig for UAV Using Pendulum Theory","authors":"Y. Nogoud, T. O. Aburass, A. Ibrahim, Denan Murtada Abdelrasheed, Reem Mustafa Ali","doi":"10.54388/jkues.v1i2.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54388/jkues.v1i2.33","url":null,"abstract":"The determination of an accurate value of a moment of inertia plays a vital role in designing decent mechanical parts as general such as a flight control system for aircraft. This why an accurate value for moment of inertia is needed. A test rig was designed and made form cardboard and then developed for wood. Experiments were carried out, to get to the final shape and product for the test rig, and it was manufactured with dimensions of 2.7x2.5 meters and with a holder dimension of 60x60 cm that bears up to 10 kg. Moreover, an electronic circuit has been used to measure the period of oscillations. The moment of inertia of a rectangular block of wood and a UAV is found. The moment of inertia was measured analytically and experimentally for the block of wood, and by comparing the values it founds that the error ratio from 1%to5% in X axis and -6% to 7% in Y axis. For the UAV the moment of inertia’s error ratio in X axis from 2% to 5% and in Y axis from 11% to 14%. It is noticed that the greater the additional weight, the greater the accuracy of the device.","PeriodicalId":129247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Karary University for Engineering and Science","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116433784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the widespread of the vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET), a huge number of vehicles are connecting to networks. To provide the position of these vehicles, the global position system (GPS) is required. Usually, the GPS is commoned with internal sensors mounted inside the vehicle. Thus, the communication with this sensor is needed when we need to specify the position of vehicle through the satellite. This communication is done by using a secure channels. However, the authentication and privacy are deemed as the main goal of the network communication. Therefore, an efficient signcryption scheme for vehicular satellite-based network (SVSN) is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme meets the security demands for VANETs, for instance authentication, unforgeability, confidentiality, and integrity. Based on the Discrete Logarithm (DL) problem, the presented scheme is secure. Compared with the existing signcryption schemes, the performance analysis show that our proposed scheme is more suitable for vehicular satellite networks.
{"title":"An efficient signcryption scheme for vehicular satellite-based networks","authors":"Rashad Elhabob, Abdalla Adel, Nabeil Eltayieb, A. Hassan, Mohamed A.H Damos","doi":"10.54388/jkues.v1i2.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54388/jkues.v1i2.110","url":null,"abstract":"With the widespread of the vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET), a huge number of vehicles are connecting to networks. To provide the position of these vehicles, the global position system (GPS) is required. Usually, the GPS is commoned with internal sensors mounted inside the vehicle. Thus, the communication with this sensor is needed when we need to specify the position of vehicle through the satellite. This communication is done by using a secure channels. However, the authentication and privacy are deemed as the main goal of the network communication. Therefore, an efficient signcryption scheme for vehicular satellite-based network (SVSN) is proposed in this paper. The proposed scheme meets the security demands for VANETs, for instance authentication, unforgeability, confidentiality, and integrity. Based on the Discrete Logarithm (DL) problem, the presented scheme is secure. Compared with the existing signcryption schemes, the performance analysis show that our proposed scheme is more suitable for vehicular satellite networks.","PeriodicalId":129247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Karary University for Engineering and Science","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114501052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohamed Fadllala Karar, Mohammed A. Abdalla, Mohamed Hassan Mohammed Abuuznien
Shaped charges are explosive devices with a high penetration capability; they are used for both civilian and military purposes. Shaped charges are used against different kinds of armors, primarily as anti-tank devices. This work involved modeling and simulation to study the performance parameters of an anti-tank warhead of type PG-7 (40 mm) shaped charge with different liner configurations. The mentioned performance includes jet formation, jet velocity, breakup, and penetration (its main parameters diameter and depth of penetration). ANSYS AUTODYN software is used for numerical simulations. Different solver and modeling alternatives of AUTODYN are evaluated for the jet formation and penetration studies. In AUTODYN two solvers were used, Euler solver and Lagrange solver. There are four cases that will discuss in this work, case-1 represents the original PG-7 with a cone angle of liner and the explosive charge is comp-A3, case-2 is the same as case-1 but the liner cone angle is, in case-3 modify the shape of the liner from cone to bi-cone with angle 22.5o and 60o, and case-4 is the same as case-3 but the angle of bi-cone is 14.5o and 60o. The results show that angle 60o is better than angle 45o, and the shape of the liner with bi-cone gives results of penetration better than that of the conical liner.
{"title":"Study of Detonation Wave Profile of Shaped Charge for Different Liner Configurations","authors":"Mohamed Fadllala Karar, Mohammed A. Abdalla, Mohamed Hassan Mohammed Abuuznien","doi":"10.54388/jkues.v1i2.81","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54388/jkues.v1i2.81","url":null,"abstract":"Shaped charges are explosive devices with a high penetration capability; they are used for both civilian and military purposes. Shaped charges are used against different kinds of armors, primarily as anti-tank devices. This work involved modeling and simulation to study the performance parameters of an anti-tank warhead of type PG-7 (40 mm) shaped charge with different liner configurations. The mentioned performance includes jet formation, jet velocity, breakup, and penetration (its main parameters diameter and depth of penetration). ANSYS AUTODYN software is used for numerical simulations. Different solver and modeling alternatives of AUTODYN are evaluated for the jet formation and penetration studies. In AUTODYN two solvers were used, Euler solver and Lagrange solver. There are four cases that will discuss in this work, case-1 represents the original PG-7 with a cone angle of liner and the explosive charge is comp-A3, case-2 is the same as case-1 but the liner cone angle is, in case-3 modify the shape of the liner from cone to bi-cone with angle 22.5o and 60o, and case-4 is the same as case-3 but the angle of bi-cone is 14.5o and 60o. The results show that angle 60o is better than angle 45o, and the shape of the liner with bi-cone gives results of penetration better than that of the conical liner.","PeriodicalId":129247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Karary University for Engineering and Science","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114489202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
There are many factors that affect the pitting corrosion of carbon steel (Q235A) some of them are related to the pipeline material such as material chemical composition specifications and other related to water specifications such as water temperature, pH of the water, and chemical and physical specification of water. In this study, the investigation was done for both water quality and materials of pipelines (Q235A), four samples from on a piece of same rolled sheet welded pipe(carbon steel (Q235A) were prepared and tested for chemicals composition, microstructure, roughness, and thickness, the test results shown that no difference observed for all results only on one sample have difference roughness value near to the welded joint, these test applied for 4 pieces took from one pipe to check the effect of rolling of these pipes that can cause dissimilarity .which enhance corrosion rates. Then the water quality was investigated for temperature 45C, pH equal to 9, chloride, TDS, and water pressure, the test result showed that the temperature of the water was 45 C pH 9 and contain chloride with a concentration quite enough to initiate pitting. From the collected data this study specified the causes of pitting corrosion in the studied area of water pipelines and summarized in the flowing, this pipelines exposed to high pressure than the required, and temperature of water reach over 45C in summer, and chloride iron have the main contribution on pitting corrosion of these pipes.
{"title":"Study the causes of pitting corrosion in carbon steel water pipeline at the site of advanced chemical industries complex","authors":"Khalid M. Omer, H. Elbasher, Ahmed Eltyb Mustafa","doi":"10.54388/jkues.v1i2.73","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54388/jkues.v1i2.73","url":null,"abstract":"There are many factors that affect the pitting corrosion of carbon steel (Q235A) some of them are related to the pipeline material such as material chemical composition specifications and other related to water specifications such as water temperature, pH of the water, and chemical and physical specification of water. In this study, the investigation was done for both water quality and materials of pipelines (Q235A), four samples from on a piece of same rolled sheet welded pipe(carbon steel (Q235A) were prepared and tested for chemicals composition, microstructure, roughness, and thickness, the test results shown that no difference observed for all results only on one sample have difference roughness value near to the welded joint, these test applied for 4 pieces took from one pipe to check the effect of rolling of these pipes that can cause dissimilarity .which enhance corrosion rates. Then the water quality was investigated for temperature 45C, pH equal to 9, chloride, TDS, and water pressure, the test result showed that the temperature of the water was 45 C pH 9 and contain chloride with a concentration quite enough to initiate pitting. From the collected data this study specified the causes of pitting corrosion in the studied area of water pipelines and summarized in the flowing, this pipelines exposed to high pressure than the required, and temperature of water reach over 45C in summer, and chloride iron have the main contribution on pitting corrosion of these pipes.","PeriodicalId":129247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Karary University for Engineering and Science","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121742196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET), is an emerging technology that holds the opportunity to create potential applications that directly impact peoples' lives, traffic management, and infotainment services. Understanding VANET applications and the available routing protocols can help to infer the most suitable protocols that satisfy VANET application requirements. This paper develops a systematic classification methodology to classify VANET applications from a routing perspective, each application class has different network requirements which are laid down by VANET Projects conducted in different countries. Some of these requirements are related to the routing aspects and need to be satisfied by the selected routing strategies (proactive and reactive). The paper identifies routing strategies performance metrics related to each application class requirement, to efficiently guide the development of these routing strategies towards guaranteeing satisfactory performance for the applications under a wide variety of realistic VANET scenarios. It is also worth mentioning that minimum delay is a requirement needed by time and event-driven application classes. However, high reliability is a requirement needed by on-demand applications. The paper aims to provide a comparative study on the performance of routing strategies in different VANET application classes, to identify which routing strategies have better performance in specific VANET applications class. End-to-end delay is employed as a performance metric to evaluate the short delay requirement, while, the Routing Overhead (RO) is used to assess the reliability requirement. Simulation results showed that proactive routing protocol has a lower delay, which means that it is suitable for delay-sensitive applications such as time-driven and event-driven applications. The result also showed that the reactive routing protocol outperforms the proactive routing protocol in terms of RO, which means that reactive routing protocols can be nominated as proper routing strategies to satisfy the reliability requirement of the On-demand driven applications.
{"title":"Investigating the Suitability of Different Routing Strategies In Specific VANET Application Class","authors":"Abdel-Aziz M. Mohamed, Tagreed Yahya, Chen Peng","doi":"10.54388/jkues.v1i2.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54388/jkues.v1i2.49","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicular Adhoc Network (VANET), is an emerging technology that holds the opportunity to create potential applications that directly impact peoples' lives, traffic management, and infotainment services. Understanding VANET applications and the available routing protocols can help to infer the most suitable protocols that satisfy VANET application requirements. This paper develops a systematic classification methodology to classify VANET applications from a routing perspective, each application class has different network requirements which are laid down by VANET Projects conducted in different countries. Some of these requirements are related to the routing aspects and need to be satisfied by the selected routing strategies (proactive and reactive). The paper identifies routing strategies performance metrics related to each application class requirement, to efficiently guide the development of these routing strategies towards guaranteeing satisfactory performance for the applications under a wide variety of realistic VANET scenarios. It is also worth mentioning that minimum delay is a requirement needed by time and event-driven application classes. However, high reliability is a requirement needed by on-demand applications. The paper aims to provide a comparative study on the performance of routing strategies in different VANET application classes, to identify which routing strategies have better performance in specific VANET applications class. End-to-end delay is employed as a performance metric to evaluate the short delay requirement, while, the Routing Overhead (RO) is used to assess the reliability requirement. Simulation results showed that proactive routing protocol has a lower delay, which means that it is suitable for delay-sensitive applications such as time-driven and event-driven applications. The result also showed that the reactive routing protocol outperforms the proactive routing protocol in terms of RO, which means that reactive routing protocols can be nominated as proper routing strategies to satisfy the reliability requirement of the On-demand driven applications.","PeriodicalId":129247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Karary University for Engineering and Science","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130231894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mohammed Balla Abdelwahid, Eimad Eldin Elhadi Musa, H. M. Taha, Sohaib Osman Hamed, Esra Abdulrahman Mohamed Alhassan
Erosion of compressor blades due to operation in dusty environments is a serious problem for the manufacturers and users of gas turbine engines, because of significant degradations in performance. This study has been devoted to estimating the change of performance parameters of an axial compressor stage due to erosive deterioration. The influence of erosion considered as consequences of a reduction of rotor blade airfoils, and an increase of tip clearance. The results of this study obtained using the CFD code “NUMECA Fine/Turbo”. This CFD code is a steady, quasi-three-dimensional Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver. A Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model is used. The compressor stage parameters presented for three rotational speeds. Proposed a new approach to consider the changes of geometric parameters of blades due to erosion. Presented an analysis of the effect of erosion and its individual consequences on the pressure ratio, isentropic efficiency and stability margin of the stage. The obtained results verified using an existing experimental data.
{"title":"Performance Analysis of Eroded Compressor Stage","authors":"Mohammed Balla Abdelwahid, Eimad Eldin Elhadi Musa, H. M. Taha, Sohaib Osman Hamed, Esra Abdulrahman Mohamed Alhassan","doi":"10.54388/jkues.v1i2.94","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54388/jkues.v1i2.94","url":null,"abstract":"Erosion of compressor blades due to operation in dusty environments is a serious problem for the manufacturers and users of gas turbine engines, because of significant degradations in performance. This study has been devoted to estimating the change of performance parameters of an axial compressor stage due to erosive deterioration. The influence of erosion considered as consequences of a reduction of rotor blade airfoils, and an increase of tip clearance. The results of this study obtained using the CFD code “NUMECA Fine/Turbo”. This CFD code is a steady, quasi-three-dimensional Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) solver. A Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model is used. The compressor stage parameters presented for three rotational speeds. Proposed a new approach to consider the changes of geometric parameters of blades due to erosion. Presented an analysis of the effect of erosion and its individual consequences on the pressure ratio, isentropic efficiency and stability margin of the stage. The obtained results verified using an existing experimental data.","PeriodicalId":129247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Karary University for Engineering and Science","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131285300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ahmed Mahjub, M. Abuuznien, H. Elmokhtar, Mohammed A. Abdalla
Howitzer Gun is a type of large-caliber artillery gun that typically utilizes a mixture of propellant grain shapes to control the burning inside the gun, and to impart the prescribed velocity to the projectile with the smallest mass of charge without exceeding the maximum allowable pressure. In this paper, a mathematical model has been developed to predict the main internal ballistic parameters i.e., Maximum Pressure (Max. P) and Muzzle Velocity (MV) for artillery howitzer guns. The propellant charge utilized is a single-base propellant using a mixture of dual-shape grain namely, tubular and multi-tubular seven-hole shapes. The mathematical model was solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta method in MATLAB environment for a 130 mm howitzer field gun which was chosen as a test case. The simulation results were obtained in terms of several plots showing the effect of grain shape and grain mixture ratio on the Max. P and MV along the gun barrel. Furthermore, the optimum mixture ratio gives a slightly reduced MV with a significant reduction in Max. P has been determined graphically and compared with experimental data taken from the test firing of the gun. The simulation results showed good agreement with the experimental ones (less than 10% numerical error). The proposed model can be used in the analysis and optimization of other similar gun systems taking into account the right input data for both guns, and propellants.
{"title":"Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study of Internal Ballistics Parameters for Howitzer Field Guns","authors":"Ahmed Mahjub, M. Abuuznien, H. Elmokhtar, Mohammed A. Abdalla","doi":"10.54388/jkues.v1i2.101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54388/jkues.v1i2.101","url":null,"abstract":"Howitzer Gun is a type of large-caliber artillery gun that typically utilizes a mixture of propellant grain shapes to control the burning inside the gun, and to impart the prescribed velocity to the projectile with the smallest mass of charge without exceeding the maximum allowable pressure. In this paper, a mathematical model has been developed to predict the main internal ballistic parameters i.e., Maximum Pressure (Max. P) and Muzzle Velocity (MV) for artillery howitzer guns. The propellant charge utilized is a single-base propellant using a mixture of dual-shape grain namely, tubular and multi-tubular seven-hole shapes. The mathematical model was solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta method in MATLAB environment for a 130 mm howitzer field gun which was chosen as a test case. The simulation results were obtained in terms of several plots showing the effect of grain shape and grain mixture ratio on the Max. P and MV along the gun barrel. Furthermore, the optimum mixture ratio gives a slightly reduced MV with a significant reduction in Max. P has been determined graphically and compared with experimental data taken from the test firing of the gun. The simulation results showed good agreement with the experimental ones (less than 10% numerical error). The proposed model can be used in the analysis and optimization of other similar gun systems taking into account the right input data for both guns, and propellants.","PeriodicalId":129247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Karary University for Engineering and Science","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122447389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Flight dynamics of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is the science of its orientation and control in three dimensions. Primary orientations include Pitch, Roll, and Yaw. The rear part of the tailplane is known as elevator control of UAV pitch. An airplane stall is an aerodynamic condition in which the airplane exceeds its given critical angle of attack and is no longer able to produce the required lift of normal flight. The main goal of this paper is to design a controller that optimizes the response speed of pitch control and design stall protection for a typical UAV. This protection system operates according to certain conditions, which are known stall conditions. When UAV reaches these conditions, the system generates a warning that UAV is at stall point and the pilot must adjust the situation to stabilize UAV. A PID controller has been implemented on MATLAB, also mathematically calculations were done to obtain suitable PID gains for a faster and accurate response of UAV elevator, after that, these mathematically PID gains have been applied to MATLAB/Simulink. Results showed the control parameters improved, such that settling time is 4.6220 seconds, the rise time is 0.2788 seconds, the percentage overshoot is 36.8192%, and steady-state error less than 2%.
{"title":"Design and Simulation of Pitch Optimizer and Stall Protection for a Typical UAV","authors":"E. T. Yousif, O. Elnour, Muaaz Abdulrahem Ibrahem","doi":"10.54388/jkues.v1i2.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54388/jkues.v1i2.40","url":null,"abstract":"Flight dynamics of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is the science of its orientation and control in three dimensions. Primary orientations include Pitch, Roll, and Yaw. The rear part of the tailplane is known as elevator control of UAV pitch. An airplane stall is an aerodynamic condition in which the airplane exceeds its given critical angle of attack and is no longer able to produce the required lift of normal flight. The main goal of this paper is to design a controller that optimizes the response speed of pitch control and design stall protection for a typical UAV. This protection system operates according to certain conditions, which are known stall conditions. When UAV reaches these conditions, the system generates a warning that UAV is at stall point and the pilot must adjust the situation to stabilize UAV. A PID controller has been implemented on MATLAB, also mathematically calculations were done to obtain suitable PID gains for a faster and accurate response of UAV elevator, after that, these mathematically PID gains have been applied to MATLAB/Simulink. Results showed the control parameters improved, such that settling time is 4.6220 seconds, the rise time is 0.2788 seconds, the percentage overshoot is 36.8192%, and steady-state error less than 2%.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":129247,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Karary University for Engineering and Science","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131277575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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