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Enhancing Special Pathogen Preparedness Through Exercises: Navigating Dual Quarantine Activations.
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0154
Morgan A Shradar, Jackson Gruber, Michael C Wadman, Dwight Ferguson, John J Lowe, Jill S Cunningham, Joe Lamana, Shelly Schwedhelm, James Lawler, Christopher J Kratochvil, Angela Vasa

This case study describes findings from an exercise conducted in April 2023 to assess the readiness of the National Quarantine Unit (NQU) and identify opportunities for improvement. The exercise is part of a multiyear effort to assess the readiness of quarantine and transport capabilities at the NQU through annual workshops, discussion-based exercises, and functional and full-scale exercises. The April 2023 exercise tested interagency coordination and decisionmaking, transport of individuals for monitoring, quarantine unit operations, and escalation of care for symptomatic individuals out of quarantine to high-level isolation units in the United States. Findings showed that collaboration and engagement of local, state, and national organizations increases awareness of novel and emerging high-consequence infectious disease pathogens and enhances capabilities and capacity for patient transport. It also improves timely and efficient diagnostic testing and increases the availability of dedicated assets to support activation and mobilization of the NQU, the Regional Emerging Special Pathogen Treatment Center network, and the future national special pathogen system of care. Given the changing landscape of emerging special pathogens, an objective evaluation of the state of readiness is an essential element of preparedness and response.

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引用次数: 0
How the IHR (2005) Shaped the COVID-19 Pandemic Response in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: What Went Well and What Did Not.
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2024.0011
Mohamed Elhakim, Ramy Mohamed Ghazy, Dalia Samhouri

The COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the importance of the International Health Regulations (IHR) (2005) in addressing global health emergencies. This review aims to improve healthcare system capabilities, future preparedness, and actions in the Eastern Mediterranean Region, particularly in low-resource areas. The IHR, established in 1969, initially focused on 6 diseases but has since expanded to include a wider range of public health threats. These rules establish a globally recognized legal framework that is applicable to all 196 states parties, including all 194 World Health Organization member states. The IHR prioritize the prevention, protection, and control of global disease transmission while minimizing unwarranted disruptions to international travel and commerce. Nonetheless, the response to COVID-19 in the Eastern Mediterranean Region revealed a range of deficiencies despite the regulatory strengths. Some countries encountered challenges in fully complying with their IHR obligations, particularly in terms of preparedness, and occasional geopolitical tensions obstructed international collaboration. The pandemic experience underscores the need for improved trust, resource allocation, and regulatory revisions to address upcoming global health challenges. This case study highlights positive aspects of the pandemic response, including the swift exchange of information and global cooperation, while also recognizing shortcomings, such as delays in reporting and unequal vaccine access. In summary, the COVID-19 pandemic underscores the urgency of subsequent updates to the IHR or comparable accords, such as the IHR amendments and the pandemic treaty, to rectify these deficiencies. Updates should place a greater emphasis on transparency, cultivating trust, enhancing preparedness, and establishing mechanisms that incentivize comprehensive compliance among all participating nations.

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引用次数: 0
Metagenomic Sequencing for Early Detection of Future Engineered Pandemics: Foreshadowing the Privacy Challenge.
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-12-05 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0140
Nir Eyal, Bridget Williams, Kevin M Esvelt, Jane Bambauer
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引用次数: 0
Global High-Consequence Infectious Disease Readiness and Response: An Inventory of High-Level Isolation Units. 全球严重传染病的准备和应对:高级隔离单位清单》。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-26 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0168
Katie L Stern, Lauren M Sauer, Christa Arguinchona, Jake Dunning, Wael ElRayes, Poh Lian Lim, Shawn Vasoo, Jocelyn J Herstein

High-level isolation units (HLIUs) are facilities strategically outfitted to receive patients with suspected or confirmed high-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs). Although most HCID outbreaks occur in low- and middle-income countries, global travel and migration and the deployment of healthcare workers to global outbreaks have led to the occurrence of HCIDs in high-income countries that requires the activation of an HLIU. Despite the existence of HLIUs worldwide, there has been little collaboration between units at the international level. This study reviews the results of a descriptive survey of global HLIUs conducted between December 2022 and February 2023. The purpose of the survey was to identify traits and attributes of global HLIU peers to determine commonalities and differences among the units, identify priorities for increased networking, and inform future activities among global partners. Findings from this survey demonstrate the array of similarities and differences among HLIUs across the globe, indicate potential areas of further investigation, and identify areas in which alignment could be improved and global standards could be created.

高级别隔离病房(HLIUs)是为接收疑似或确诊高危传染病(HCIDs)患者而战略配备的设施。尽管大多数 HCID 疫情爆发都发生在中低收入国家,但全球旅行和移民以及向全球疫情爆发地派遣医护人员导致高收入国家也出现了需要启动高级别隔离单位的 HCID 疫情。尽管全球范围内都设有高风险医疗单位,但这些单位之间在国际层面上的合作却很少。本研究回顾了 2022 年 12 月至 2023 年 2 月期间对全球 HLIU 的描述性调查结果。调查的目的是确定全球高水平大学同行的特征和属性,以确定各单位之间的共性和差异,确定加强网络联系的优先事项,并为全球合作伙伴之间的未来活动提供信息。本次调查的结果表明了全球高水平大学之间的一系列相似之处和不同之处,指出了进一步调查的潜在领域,并确定了可以改进协调和创建全球标准的领域。
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引用次数: 0
A Century of Assessment: The Collection of Biothreat Risk Assessments (COBRA). 百年评估:生物威胁风险评估集 (COBRA)。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2024.0028
Michael T Parker, Claire Atkerson, Sofia Fox, Minoli P Ediriweera, Elise H Gallentine, Megan Martinsen
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引用次数: 0
High-Consequence Infectious Diseases, Bioterrorism, and the Imperative for International and US Biosecurity and Biosafety Frameworks for Biocontainment Clinical Laboratories. 高后果传染病、生物恐怖主义以及国际和美国生物安保和生物安全框架对生物封闭临床实验室的必要性。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0164
Syra Madad, Jessica L Jacobson, Rebecca R Caruso, Jake Dunning
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引用次数: 0
The Need for a New Approach to MCI Readiness in the Era of Emergency Department and Hospital Crowding. 在急诊室和医院人满为患的时代,有必要采取新方法为 MCI 做好准备。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2024.0058
Sanjana Puri, Sarah Tsay, Scott A Goldberg, Jennifer Shearer, Joshua J Baugh, Eileen F Searle, Paul D Biddinger

Emergency department (ED) visit volumes have increased since 2007, with crowding in the United States reaching its highest levels in 2022. During this same period, mass casualty incidents (MCIs) have increased dramatically, both in frequency and severity, across the United States. Resuscitation of trauma patients is a time-sensitive process that requires immediate patient assessment by coordinated clinical teams in order to successfully diagnose and manage life-threatening injuries. To make resuscitation spaces immediately available for incoming patients, typical MCI plans call for rapidly relocating ED patients from their rooms into hallways or transferring them to open inpatient areas. With current levels of crowding, however, such alternate care spaces are often already in use and traditional MCI plans are increasingly unrealistic. With ED crowding worsening and the frequency of MCIs rising, there is a worrisome risk that EDs could fail in their efforts to save patients due to insufficient resources and spaces to meet the demands of critically injured patients. Hospitals must use innovative, novel response strategies to ensure sufficient patient care spaces in a short timeframe to save the most lives possible. In this commentary, we describe the use of buffer zones to help EDs mobilize an effective response to MCIs in the current context of severe hospital crowding.

自 2007 年以来,急诊科(ED)的就诊量不断增加,到 2022 年,美国急诊科的拥挤程度达到最高水平。在同一时期,全美大规模伤亡事件(MCI)的发生频率和严重程度都急剧上升。创伤病人的复苏是一个时间敏感的过程,需要协调的临床团队立即对病人进行评估,以便成功诊断和处理危及生命的伤情。为使抢救空间能够立即用于接收病人,典型的 MCI 计划要求迅速将急诊室病人从病房转移到走廊,或将他们转移到开放的住院区。然而,就目前的拥挤程度而言,这些备用护理空间往往已经投入使用,传统的 MCI 计划越来越不现实。随着急诊室拥挤情况的恶化和 MCI 频率的上升,急诊室可能会因资源和空间不足而无法满足危重伤员的需求,从而导致抢救病人的努力失败,这种风险令人担忧。医院必须采用创新、新颖的应对策略,确保在短时间内提供足够的患者护理空间,以尽可能挽救更多生命。在这篇评论中,我们介绍了在当前医院严重拥挤的情况下,如何利用缓冲区来帮助急诊室有效应对 MCI。
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引用次数: 0
Pandemic Exercises: Lessons for a New Era in Pandemic Preparedness. 大流行病演习:大流行病防备新时代的经验教训》。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-10-24 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0184
Tara Kirk Sell, Crystal R Watson, Lucia Mullen, Matthew P Shearer, Eric S Toner

We led the last large-scale exercise conducted by the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security before the COVID-19 pandemic. Despite COVID-19, pandemic exercises are more necessary than ever to prevent the loss of hard-fought gains achieved during COVID-19, keep policymakers from assuming all pandemics will be like COVID-19, and encourage continued engagement from policymakers in strengthening health resilience rather than returning to a cycle of panic and neglect. Pandemic exercises can also advance new solutions necessary to effectively meet the challenge of a future pandemic. Over 2 decades, the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security has developed and conducted 6 large-scale, high-level tabletop pandemic exercises. These exercises and others were designed to increase policy focus on the most critical needs in pandemic preparedness and heighten the urgency for making these changes in the near future. Pandemic experts and policymakers alike have highlighted the importance of exercises to ensure that all key actors involved in pandemic response-including the government, healthcare, public health, emergency response, and private business and industry sectors-understand both the best practices and policies to pursue before a pandemic and what to do once a pandemic occurs. These advance efforts can enhance planning, resource allocation, and coordination ahead of time and identify unique gaps and barriers. This commentary describes the approach we have developed to create and conduct such exercises and highlights key considerations that were important to successful outcomes.

在 COVID-19 大流行之前,我们领导了约翰霍普金斯大学卫生安全中心进行的最后一次大规模演习。尽管发生了 COVID-19,但大流行演习比以往任何时候都更有必要,以防止在 COVID-19 期间取得的来之不易的成果付之东流,使政策制定者不会认为所有大流行都会像 COVID-19 一样,并鼓励政策制定者继续参与加强卫生抗灾能力,而不是回到恐慌和忽视的循环中。大流行演习还可以推进有效应对未来大流行挑战所需的新解决方案。20 多年来,约翰霍普金斯大学卫生安全中心开发并开展了 6 次大规模、高水平的桌面流行病演习。这些演习和其他演习旨在使政策更加关注大流行病防备中最关键的需求,并提高在不久的将来做出这些改变的紧迫性。大流行病专家和政策制定者都强调了演习的重要性,以确保参与大流行病应对的所有关键行为者--包括政府、医疗保健、公共卫生、应急响应以及私营工商业部门--都了解在大流行病发生前应采取的最佳做法和政策,以及大流行病发生后应采取的措施。这些先期努力可以提前加强规划、资源分配和协调,并找出独特的差距和障碍。本评论介绍了我们为创建和开展此类演习而开发的方法,并强调了对成功结果非常重要的关键考虑因素。
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引用次数: 0
Advancing Systematic Change in the National Disaster Medical System (NDMS): Early Implementation of the US Department of Defense NDMS Pilot Program. 推进国家灾难医疗系统(NDMS)的系统变革:美国国防部 NDMS 试点计划的早期实施。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-09-24 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2023.0179
Eric C Deussing, Emily R Post, Clark J Lee, Adeteju A Adeniji, Allyson R Sison, Michelle M Kimball, Alison Ng, Clemia Anderson, Jeffrey D Freeman, Thomas D Kirsch
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引用次数: 0
Characterizing the Private Sector in US Human Pathogen Research. 美国人类病原体研究中私营部门的特点。
IF 2.1 4区 医学 Q3 PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH Pub Date : 2024-09-01 Epub Date: 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1089/hs.2024.0003
Daniel Greene, Audrey Cerles, Rocco Casagrande
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Health Security
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