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A tool chain for AUV system testing AUV系统测试工具链
Pub Date : 2010-05-24 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSSYD.2010.5603626
M. Jacobi, T. Rauschenbach
Developing algorithms and parameterizing controllers for autonomous underwater vehicles are tasks which needs excessive testing. Therefore, we developed an environment and a tool chain for these difficult and mostly expensive tasks. This tool chain consist of different steps for implementing algorithms from the idea to mission ready. These steps include rapid prototyping, simulation testing, testing in controlled environments and finally productive testing. As an example we chose the development of a distance controller, which is required for inspection tasks.
自主水下航行器的算法开发和参数化控制器是一项需要大量测试的任务。因此,我们为这些困难和昂贵的任务开发了一个环境和工具链。这个工具链由实现算法的不同步骤组成,从想法到任务准备。这些步骤包括快速原型、模拟测试、受控环境测试和最终的生产测试。作为一个例子,我们选择了一个远程控制器的开发,这是需要的检查任务。
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引用次数: 3
An improvement to the pulse compression scheme 对脉冲压缩方案的改进
Pub Date : 2010-05-24 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSSYD.2010.5603643
P. Courmontagne, G. Julien, M. Bouhier
The pulse-compression is a technique mainly used in sonar, radar and echography to augment the range resolution as well as the signal to noise ratio. This is achieved using a matched-filtering of the received signal with the bandpass transmitted signal. Taking into account the main assumptions of the matched filter theory, the use of the bandpass transmitted pulse as matched filter's impulse response is only available if the useful signal is well known and if the noise is white, which is not the case in practice. For this reason, we propose to improve the classical pulse-compression technique using the stochastic matched filter, which ensures a maximization of the signal to noise ratio, when the useful signal is a realization of a random process and the disturbing signal a colored noise. Results obtained on synthetic and real data are proposed and discussed.
脉冲压缩是一种主要应用于声纳、雷达和超声的技术,用于提高距离分辨率和信噪比。这是使用接收信号与带通发射信号的匹配滤波来实现的。考虑到匹配滤波器理论的主要假设,只有在有用信号已知且噪声为白的情况下,才能使用带通传输脉冲作为匹配滤波器的脉冲响应,而实际情况并非如此。因此,我们提出使用随机匹配滤波器来改进经典的脉冲压缩技术,当有用信号是随机过程的实现而干扰信号是彩色噪声时,保证了信噪比的最大化。提出并讨论了在综合数据和实际数据上得到的结果。
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引用次数: 10
SIDIF: Location based technique for spatial information databases integration framework 基于位置的空间信息数据库集成框架技术
Pub Date : 2010-05-24 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSSYD.2010.5603960
M. Man, Z. M. Sidek, M. Saman, M. Z. Zakaria
Evaluation for effectiveness and efficiency of artificial reefs (AR) development is quite difficult and troublesome. This is because of high cost incurred. As for common practice, evaluation process is done by special dive task force unit to conduct diving activity to observe on how AR has developed. This paper presents a framework architecture to integrate location coordinate data (longitude and lattitude) of AR with the fish catches data at all identified jetty. In SIDIF, the data of fish catches will be mapped with data on location coordinate of AR as a whole via mapping and integration of these two (2) different databases. Using this methodology, the effectiveness and efficiency of AR development will be achieved as well as the evaluation will be measured. In this study, research only made integration two database only namely artificial reef database (ARPOS) and fish landing database (WiFISH). Before integration process both this database is conducted, various issues should be identified over proceed.
人工鱼礁开发的有效性和效率评价是相当困难和麻烦的。这是因为高昂的成本。通常的做法是,评估过程由专门的潜水工作队进行潜水活动,以观察AR的发展情况。本文提出了一种将AR的位置坐标数据(经纬度)与所有已识别码头的渔获量数据相结合的框架结构。在SIDIF中,通过对这两个(2)个不同数据库的制图和整合,将渔获量数据与AR的位置坐标数据作为一个整体进行制图。使用这种方法,将实现AR开发的有效性和效率,并将对评估进行测量。本研究仅对人工礁数据库(ARPOS)和鱼类登陆数据库(wiish)这两个数据库进行了整合。在进行这两个数据库的集成过程之前,应该在进行过程中确定各种问题。
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引用次数: 0
Infragravity waves in the Hualien Harbor 花莲港的次重力波
Pub Date : 2010-05-24 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSSYD.2010.5603634
Yi-Chung Yang, Cheng-Han Tsai
This study investigated the relationship between the group wave properties in the typhoon waves measured outside the Hualien Harbor and the long period waves inside. Groupiness factors defined with total run length, Smoothed Instantaneous Wave Energy History (SIWEH), and envelopes of the waves were used as group wave parameters. It was found that the standard deviation of the SIWEH and envelopes of the typhoon waves measured outside the harbor have relatively good relationship with the standard deviation of the long period wave measured inside the harbor. Spectral analysis on the envelopes of the waves outside the harbor showed that there was energy in the 60–300s period range.
本文研究了花莲港外测得的台风波群波特性与港内长周期波的关系。用总行程长度、平滑瞬时波能量历史(SIWEH)和波浪包络线定义的群波因子作为群波参数。研究发现,港外测得的台风波的SIWEH和包络线的标准差与港内测得的长周期波的标准差有较好的关系。对港外波浪包层的光谱分析表明,在60 - 300秒的周期范围内存在能量。
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引用次数: 1
Time reversal mirror: Temporal and spatial focusing tool 时间反转镜:时空聚焦工具
Pub Date : 2010-05-24 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSSYD.2010.5603685
D. Parihar, Ankit Agarwal, M. Agrawal
Time reversal is a technique to focus waves, both temporally and spatially, through an inhomogeneous medium. The incident pressure wave is time reversed and re-transmitted from an array of transducers to focus the pressure on a source or at a point target which may be reflective. This array of sensors is called time reversal mirror (TRM). In this paper, we have studied the spatial and the temporal focusing properties of different TRM array geometries. Two dimensional as well as three dimensional geometries for different configurations and environment have been studied. It has been found that there exists optimal array configuration for both temporal and spatial focusing.
时间反转是一种通过非均匀介质在时间和空间上聚焦波的技术。入射压力波被时间反转并从一系列换能器重新传输,以将压力集中在可能反射的源或点目标上。这种传感器阵列被称为时间反转镜(TRM)。在本文中,我们研究了不同几何形状的TRM阵列的空间和时间聚焦特性。研究了不同结构和环境下的二维和三维几何形状。研究发现,时空聚焦都存在最优的阵列结构。
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引用次数: 2
Connecting the dots: Ocean research and public policy 连接点:海洋研究和公共政策
Pub Date : 2010-05-24 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSSYD.2010.5603963
S. M. Taylor, B. Bornhold
Canada has gained a world-leading position in the science and technology of cabled ocean observing systems, principally through the federal and British Columbia (BC) government investments ($120M) in the VENUS and NEPTUNE Canada ocean observatories, now deployed in coastal to deep ocean waters off BC's West Coast. The combination of continuous power, high bandwidth and real-time data streaming make the VENUS and NEPTUNE Canada observatories transformative in their capacity to support research applications to key areas of public policy, including environmental monitoring, hazard mitigation, resource assessment, and sovereignty and security. While deployed off the West Coast, the technologies are applicable in other settings including the Arctic. Ocean Networks Canada (ONC) was created as a not-for-profit agency by the University of Victoria in 2007 to manage and develop the VENUS and NEPTUNE Canada observatories and their applications to public policy, commercial development, and public outreach. To advance its mandate, ONC was recently named as a federal Centre of Excellence in Commercialization and Research. The public policy initiatives of ONC, in the context of its broader strategic plan, have included: (a) a review of Canadian federal and provincial policy initiatives and priorities and their relationship to the data types generated by the NEPTUNE Canada and VENUS research programs; (b) planning of workshops with federal science-based departments and agencies to be held later in 2010; (c) discussions with BC government departments related to their emerging Ocean and Coastal Strategy; and, preparation of a discussion paper for federal government departments on application of cabled observatory technologies to the Arctic.
加拿大在电缆海洋观测系统的科学和技术方面取得了世界领先的地位,主要是通过联邦和不列颠哥伦比亚省(BC)政府对VENUS和NEPTUNE加拿大海洋观测站的投资(1.2亿美元),现在部署在不列颠哥伦比亚省西海岸的沿海到深海水域。持续电力、高带宽和实时数据流的结合,使VENUS和NEPTUNE加拿大天文台在支持公共政策关键领域的研究应用方面具有变革性的能力,包括环境监测、减灾、资源评估以及主权和安全。虽然部署在西海岸,但这些技术也适用于包括北极在内的其他环境。加拿大海洋网络(ONC)是由维多利亚大学于2007年创建的一个非营利性机构,负责管理和发展VENUS和NEPTUNE加拿大天文台,并将其应用于公共政策、商业发展和公众宣传。为了推进其任务,ONC最近被命名为联邦商业化和研究卓越中心。ONC的公共政策倡议在其更广泛的战略计划范围内包括:(a)审查加拿大联邦和省的政策倡议和优先事项及其与加拿大NEPTUNE和VENUS研究方案产生的数据类型的关系;(b)计划在2010年晚些时候与联邦科学部门和机构举办讲习班;(c)与BC省政府部门就其正在制定的海洋和沿海战略进行讨论;为联邦政府部门准备一份关于在北极应用有线观测站技术的讨论文件。
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引用次数: 1
Model-based detection of radioactive contraband for harbor defense incorporating Compton scattering physics 基于康普顿散射物理的港口防御放射性违禁品模型检测
Pub Date : 2010-05-24 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSSYD.2010.5603898
J. Candy, D. Chambers, E. Breitfeller, B. Guidry, J. Verbeke, M. Axelrod, K. Sale, A. Meyer
The detection of radioactive contraband is a critical problem is maintaining national security for any country. Photon emissions from threat materials challenge both detection and measurement technologies especially when concealed by various types of shielding complicating the transport physics significantly. This problem becomes especially important when ships are intercepted by U.S. Coast Guard harbor patrols searching for contraband. The development of a sequential model-based processor that captures both the underlying transport physics of gamma-ray emissions including Compton scattering and the measurement of photon energies offers a physics-based approach to attack this challenging problem. The inclusion of a basic radionuclide representation of absorbed/scattered photons at a given energy along with interarrival times is used to extract the physics information available from the noisy measurements portable radiation detection systems used to interdict contraband. It is shown that this physics representation can incorporated scattering physics leading to an “extended” model-based structure that can be used to develop an effective sequential detection technique. The resulting model-based processor is shown to perform quite well based on data obtained from a controlled experiment.
探测放射性违禁品是任何国家维护国家安全的关键问题。威胁材料的光子发射对探测和测量技术提出了挑战,特别是当被各种类型的屏蔽屏蔽时,使传输物理显著复杂化。当船只被搜查违禁品的美国海岸警卫队港口巡逻队拦截时,这个问题变得尤为重要。基于顺序模型的处理器的开发既可以捕获包括康普顿散射在内的伽马射线发射的潜在传输物理,也可以测量光子能量,这为解决这一具有挑战性的问题提供了一种基于物理的方法。包含在给定能量下的吸收/散射光子的基本放射性核素表示以及到达间隔时间用于从用于拦截违禁品的便携式辐射探测系统的噪声测量中提取可用的物理信息。结果表明,这种物理表示可以结合散射物理,从而形成一种“扩展”的基于模型的结构,可用于开发有效的顺序检测技术。结果表明,基于模型的处理器在控制实验中表现良好。
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引用次数: 6
Experimental study of the space-time properties of acoustic channels for underwater communications 水下通信声信道时空特性实验研究
Pub Date : 2010-05-24 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSSYD.2010.5603667
B. Tomasi, G. Zappa, K. McCoy, P. Casari, M. Zorzi
In this paper, we present an analysis of the space-time correlation and power-delay profile (PDP) properties of the underwater acoustic channel in the nearabouts of the Pianosa Island, off the north-western coast of Italy. Our data has been collected during sea trials which took place from May to September 2009. Using the results from this evaluation, we compare the measured bit error rates affecting the transmission of Frequency-Hopping Binary Frequency Shift Keying (FH-BFSK) against those obtained by simulating the same digital modulation scheme over synthesized channels whose spread in time has the same statistical properties as those found in the trials, and whose channel taps are Rayleigh-distributed. The results show a generally good accordance of the simulated performance with the outcomes of the experiments. Moreover, given the absence of a widely agreed upon underwater channel model, and the recent interest in incorporating more accurate propagation simulators into network simulators, we compare the measured channel impulse responses against those obtained through the ray tracing tool Bellhop, and give some observations about the suitability of the tool for the purpose of reproducing realistic channel traces.
本文分析了意大利西北海岸皮亚诺萨岛附近水声信道的时空相关和功率延迟分布(PDP)特性。我们的数据是在2009年5月至9月进行的海上试验期间收集的。利用该评估结果,我们将影响跳频二进制移频键控(FH-BFSK)传输的测量误码率与在合成信道上模拟相同数字调制方案获得的误码率进行了比较,合成信道的时间分布与试验中发现的统计特性相同,并且信道抽头是瑞利分布的。仿真结果与实验结果基本吻合。此外,鉴于缺乏广泛认可的水下通道模型,以及最近对将更精确的传播模拟器纳入网络模拟器的兴趣,我们将测量的通道脉冲响应与通过光线追踪工具Bellhop获得的通道脉冲响应进行了比较,并对该工具用于再现真实通道轨迹的适用性进行了一些观察。
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引用次数: 47
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) for mapping marine biodiversity in coastal and shelf waters: Implications for marine management 用于绘制沿海和陆架水域海洋生物多样性的自主水下航行器(AUV):对海洋管理的影响
Pub Date : 2010-05-24 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSSYD.2010.5603860
N. Barrett, J. Seiler, T. Anderson, Stefan B. Williams, S. Nichol, N. Hill
Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs) have only recently become available as a tool to investigate the biological and physical composition of the seabed utilizing a suite of image capture and high-resolution geophysical tools. In this study we trialled the application of an AUV, integrating AUV image capture with ship-based high resolution multibeam bathymetry, to map benthic habitats and biodiversity in coastal and offshore waters of SE Tasmania. The AUV successfully surveyed a plethora of marine habitats and organisms, including high-relief kelp-dominated rocky reefs to deep mid-shelf reef and sediments that are otherwise difficult to access. To determine the spatial extent of these habitats within a broader-scale context, the AUV surveys were integrated with larger scale multibeam mapping surveys. The data collected using the AUV significantly improved our understanding of the distribution of benthic habitats and marine organisms in this region, with direct application to the management and conservation of these environments. For example, preliminary results identified the distributional extent of an introduced invasive marine pest, the screw-shell Maoricolpeus roseus, which was recorded adjacent to rocky reefs but is now known to also extend in high abundance across the SE shelf. Integrating the AUV data with the largescale mapping data provided the opportunity to quantify the relationships between the biological and physical variables, and to use thise data to develop predictive models of biodiversity across the region. The effectiveness of the AUV as a pioneering tool for undertaking spatially repeatable surveys makes it a highly versatile technique for future use in surveying remote environments, particularly with respect to surveying and monitoring biodiversity in newly established Commonwealth MPA's. It also has application in the context of climate change, the study of invasive species, impacts of fishing activities and determining the relative uniqueness and/or representativeness of these marine environments.
直到最近,自主水下航行器(auv)才成为一种利用一套图像捕获和高分辨率地球物理工具来研究海底生物和物理组成的工具。在这项研究中,我们尝试了AUV的应用,将AUV图像捕获与基于船舶的高分辨率多波束测深技术相结合,以绘制塔斯马尼亚东南部沿海和近海的底栖生物栖息地和生物多样性。AUV成功地调查了大量的海洋栖息地和生物,包括以海带为主的高浮雕岩礁到深中陆架珊瑚礁和沉积物,否则很难进入。为了在更大的尺度范围内确定这些栖息地的空间范围,AUV调查与更大尺度的多波束测绘调查相结合。利用AUV收集的数据大大提高了我们对该地区底栖生物栖息地和海洋生物分布的了解,并直接应用于这些环境的管理和保护。例如,初步结果确定了一种引入的入侵海洋有害生物的分布范围,螺壳毛氏玫瑰,它在岩石礁附近被记录,但现在已知它也在东南大陆架上大量扩展。将AUV数据与大比例尺制图数据相结合,为量化生物和物理变量之间的关系提供了机会,并利用这些数据开发了整个地区生物多样性的预测模型。AUV作为进行空间可重复调查的先驱工具,其有效性使其成为一种高度通用的技术,可用于未来调查偏远环境,特别是在新建立的英联邦海洋保护区调查和监测生物多样性方面。它也适用于气候变化、入侵物种研究、捕鱼活动的影响以及确定这些海洋环境的相对独特性和/或代表性。
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引用次数: 37
On the effects of node density and duty cycle on energy efficiency in underwater networks 水下网络节点密度和占空比对能量效率的影响
Pub Date : 2010-05-24 DOI: 10.1109/OCEANSSYD.2010.5603904
F. Zorzi, M. Stojanovic, M. Zorzi
Energy-efficiency in underwater networks is a key issue that affects all aspects of network design, from hardware to protocols and applications. In this paper we analyze the impact of node density on the energy consumption in transmission, reception and idle-listening, in a network where nodes follow a duty cycle scheme. We consider the energy performance of the network for different scenarios, where a different number of nodes and different values of the duty cycle are taken into account. We simulate different power settings, showing that there exists an effective network density for which the energy consumption is minimized.
水下网络的能源效率是影响网络设计各个方面的关键问题,从硬件到协议和应用。本文分析了在节点采用占空比方案的网络中,节点密度对传输、接收和空闲监听能耗的影响。我们考虑了不同情况下网络的能量性能,其中考虑了不同的节点数量和不同的占空比值。我们模拟了不同的功率设置,表明存在能量消耗最小的有效网络密度。
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引用次数: 26
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