A number of people are exchanging e-mail messages everyday using mobile phones and PDAs. as well as PCs. E-mail is useful not only for one to-one communication but group communication through mailing lists. However, conventional mailing lists are not as widely used as they should be, because creating and maintaining a mailing list is not an easy task. We propose a simple and powerful mailing list service system called QuickML, with which people can easily create a mailing list and control the member account only by sending e-mail messages. QuickML allows people to enjoy group communication at any place, at any time, and by anyone.
{"title":"Instant group communication with QuickML","authors":"T. Masui, Satoru Takabayashi","doi":"10.1145/958160.958202","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/958160.958202","url":null,"abstract":"A number of people are exchanging e-mail messages everyday using mobile phones and PDAs. as well as PCs. E-mail is useful not only for one to-one communication but group communication through mailing lists. However, conventional mailing lists are not as widely used as they should be, because creating and maintaining a mailing list is not an easy task. We propose a simple and powerful mailing list service system called QuickML, with which people can easily create a mailing list and control the member account only by sending e-mail messages. QuickML allows people to enjoy group communication at any place, at any time, and by anyone.","PeriodicalId":130289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"96 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114580450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collaboration plays a vital role in today's new business environment. Knowledge that resides within people's heads has become an invaluable resource. Many formal tools, such as e-mail or teamrooms, have been introduced to support formal collaboration and have been studied extensively. However, support for informal communication is still in its infancy. Much work has been done to analyze the functions that informal communication plays in the workplace. Recently, several studies have evaluated the roles that instant messaging (IM) plays in similar settings. Research shows that in the workplace, IM is used primarily for work-related purposes and accelerates the completion of important business tasks. Clearly, new tools that combine both formal and informal interaction can bring organizations tremendous rewards. ReachOut is a tool for semi-persistent collaboration and peer support developed by the Collaboration Technologies Group at the IBM Haifa Research Lab. This paper studies the role ReachOut plays in the workplace. We analyzed the collaboration activity of the community of IBM Haifa Labs employees who used ReachOut for a period of two months. As a result, we summarize the important functions played by tools that bridge between formal and informal communication in a workplace-based community.
{"title":"Why do we ReachOut?: functions of a semi-persistent peer support tool","authors":"Michal Jacovi, Vladimir Soroka, Sigalit Ur","doi":"10.1145/958160.958186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/958160.958186","url":null,"abstract":"Collaboration plays a vital role in today's new business environment. Knowledge that resides within people's heads has become an invaluable resource. Many formal tools, such as e-mail or teamrooms, have been introduced to support formal collaboration and have been studied extensively. However, support for informal communication is still in its infancy. Much work has been done to analyze the functions that informal communication plays in the workplace. Recently, several studies have evaluated the roles that instant messaging (IM) plays in similar settings. Research shows that in the workplace, IM is used primarily for work-related purposes and accelerates the completion of important business tasks. Clearly, new tools that combine both formal and informal interaction can bring organizations tremendous rewards. ReachOut is a tool for semi-persistent collaboration and peer support developed by the Collaboration Technologies Group at the IBM Haifa Research Lab. This paper studies the role ReachOut plays in the workplace. We analyzed the collaboration activity of the community of IBM Haifa Labs employees who used ReachOut for a period of two months. As a result, we summarize the important functions played by tools that bridge between formal and informal communication in a workplace-based community.","PeriodicalId":130289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115565596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In their cooperative effort, architects depend critically on elaborate coordinative practices and artifacts. The paper presents, on the basis of an in-depth study of architectural work, an analysis of these practices and artifacts and shows that they are multilaterally interrelated and form complexes of interrelated practices and artifacts which we have dubbed 'ordering systems'. In doing so, the paper outlines a conceptual framework for investigating and conceiving of such practices.
{"title":"Ordering systems: coordinative practices in architectural design and planning","authors":"K. Schmidt","doi":"10.1145/958160.958204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/958160.958204","url":null,"abstract":"In their cooperative effort, architects depend critically on elaborate coordinative practices and artifacts. The paper presents, on the basis of an in-depth study of architectural work, an analysis of these practices and artifacts and shows that they are multilaterally interrelated and form complexes of interrelated practices and artifacts which we have dubbed 'ordering systems'. In doing so, the paper outlines a conceptual framework for investigating and conceiving of such practices.","PeriodicalId":130289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"517 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116237508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data are a fundamental component of science and engineering work, and the ability to share data is critical to the validation and progress of science. Data sharing and reuse in some fields, however, has proven to be a difficult problem. This paper argues that the development of effective CSCW systems to support data sharing in work groups requires a better understanding of the use of data in practice. Drawing on our work with three scientific disciplines, we show that data play two general roles in scientific communities: 1) they serve as evidence to support scientific inquiry, and 2) they make a social contribution to the establishment and maintenance of communities of practice. A clearer consideration and understanding of these roles can contribute to the design of more effective data sharing systems. We suggest that this can be achieved through supporting social interaction around data abstractions, reaching beyond current metadata models, and supporting the social roles of data.
{"title":"Data at work: supporting sharing in science and engineering","authors":"Jeremy P. Birnholtz, Matthew J. Bietz","doi":"10.1145/958160.958215","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/958160.958215","url":null,"abstract":"Data are a fundamental component of science and engineering work, and the ability to share data is critical to the validation and progress of science. Data sharing and reuse in some fields, however, has proven to be a difficult problem. This paper argues that the development of effective CSCW systems to support data sharing in work groups requires a better understanding of the use of data in practice. Drawing on our work with three scientific disciplines, we show that data play two general roles in scientific communities: 1) they serve as evidence to support scientific inquiry, and 2) they make a social contribution to the establishment and maintenance of communities of practice. A clearer consideration and understanding of these roles can contribute to the design of more effective data sharing systems. We suggest that this can be achieved through supporting social interaction around data abstractions, reaching beyond current metadata models, and supporting the social roles of data.","PeriodicalId":130289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125801092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Engagement of non-dedicated machines in the computational grid requires special attention by mapping. In addition to application, platform and mapping parameters, a human as a resource owner plays an extremely important role. The problem is easier for the owner/user who also requires grid services at the same time. The grid can provide a powerful support to CSCW. Resource concession can also be treated as cooperation in the grid extension. The proposed resource extension model is based on meeting scheduling. This model puts a group member into a competitive position, since he becomes responsible for his organizational and infrastructure capabilities. He tends to concede the idle capacity to the grid in order to be able to use services provided by that powerful virtual machine.
{"title":"Owner/user role in computational grid extension by non-dedicated resources","authors":"G. Martinović","doi":"10.1145/958160.958195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/958160.958195","url":null,"abstract":"Engagement of non-dedicated machines in the computational grid requires special attention by mapping. In addition to application, platform and mapping parameters, a human as a resource owner plays an extremely important role. The problem is easier for the owner/user who also requires grid services at the same time. The grid can provide a powerful support to CSCW. Resource concession can also be treated as cooperation in the grid extension. The proposed resource extension model is based on meeting scheduling. This model puts a group member into a competitive position, since he becomes responsible for his organizational and infrastructure capabilities. He tends to concede the idle capacity to the grid in order to be able to use services provided by that powerful virtual machine.","PeriodicalId":130289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116774481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents an exploratory study of college-age students using two-way, push-to-talk cellular radios. We describe the observed and reported use of cellular radio by the participants. We discuss how the half-duplex, lightweight cellular radio communication was associated with reduced interactional commitment, which meant the cellular radios could be used for a wide range of conversation styles. One such style, intermittent conversation, is characterized by response delays. Intermittent conversation is surprising in an audio medium, since it is typically associated with textual media such as instant messaging. We present design implications of our findings.
{"title":"How push-to-talk makes talk less pushy","authors":"Allison Woodruff, Paul M. Aoki","doi":"10.1145/958160.958187","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/958160.958187","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an exploratory study of college-age students using two-way, push-to-talk cellular radios. We describe the observed and reported use of cellular radio by the participants. We discuss how the half-duplex, lightweight cellular radio communication was associated with reduced interactional commitment, which meant the cellular radios could be used for a wide range of conversation styles. One such style, intermittent conversation, is characterized by response delays. Intermittent conversation is surprising in an audio medium, since it is typically associated with textual media such as instant messaging. We present design implications of our findings.","PeriodicalId":130289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114240111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Most current theories about collective cognitive activities in limited groups apply to structurally closed co-operative situations Here we propose to work in the framework of intellectual transactions and communities of action theory with a view to describing and designing CSCW systems which can be used in more structurally open situations. First we compare this approach with other theories of collective cognition (such as those focusing on situated cognition and communities of practice, distributed cognition and coordination mechanisms). We then present the core concepts involved in defining communities of action, the duality of goals and forms of knowledge and the operational, strategic, integrative and relational categories of collective activity on which the OSIR model is based. We conclude by presenting as an example the application of the model to a research project designed to assist the setting up of a health network.
{"title":"Communities of action: a cognitive and social approach to the design of CSCW systems","authors":"M. Zacklad","doi":"10.1145/958160.958190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/958160.958190","url":null,"abstract":"Most current theories about collective cognitive activities in limited groups apply to structurally closed co-operative situations Here we propose to work in the framework of intellectual transactions and communities of action theory with a view to describing and designing CSCW systems which can be used in more structurally open situations. First we compare this approach with other theories of collective cognition (such as those focusing on situated cognition and communities of practice, distributed cognition and coordination mechanisms). We then present the core concepts involved in defining communities of action, the duality of goals and forms of knowledge and the operational, strategic, integrative and relational categories of collective activity on which the OSIR model is based. We conclude by presenting as an example the application of the model to a research project designed to assist the setting up of a health network.","PeriodicalId":130289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124551246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Common artefacts have been identified as fundamental characteristics for framing activities in workplaces. Mike Robinson's article 'Design for unanticipated use...' conceptualised and defined the dimensions of common artefacts as consisting of predictability, peripheral awareness, implicit communication, double level language and overview. These dimensions have often been used in explaining unexpected uses of different applications and systems. In this paper, experiences from common artefacts as CSCW application design principles, indicating that unanticipated uses are expected and further supported, are discussed. Two distinct cases, a physical room and a software application, are presented, and some examples of the realisation of different dimensions are elaborated. It is concluded that the support for common artefacts can be designed, to a certain extent, and that such support can make applications more suitable for unanticipated uses.
{"title":"Designed for unanticipated use: common artefacts as design principle for CSCW applications","authors":"Samuli Pekkola","doi":"10.1145/958160.958218","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/958160.958218","url":null,"abstract":"Common artefacts have been identified as fundamental characteristics for framing activities in workplaces. Mike Robinson's article 'Design for unanticipated use...' conceptualised and defined the dimensions of common artefacts as consisting of predictability, peripheral awareness, implicit communication, double level language and overview. These dimensions have often been used in explaining unexpected uses of different applications and systems. In this paper, experiences from common artefacts as CSCW application design principles, indicating that unanticipated uses are expected and further supported, are discussed. Two distinct cases, a physical room and a software application, are presented, and some examples of the realisation of different dimensions are elaborated. It is concluded that the support for common artefacts can be designed, to a certain extent, and that such support can make applications more suitable for unanticipated uses.","PeriodicalId":130289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"975 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116213861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas Herrmann, Marcel Hoffmann, I. Jahnke, Andrea Kienle, Gabriele Kunau, Kai-Uwe Loser, Natalja Menold
Patterns, which are based on in-depth practical experience, can be instructing for the design of groupware applications as socio-technical systems. On the basis of a summary of the concept of patterns - as elaborated by the architect Christopher Alexander - its adoptions within computer science are retraced and relationships to the area of groupware are described. General principles for patterns within this domain are formulated and supported by examples from a wide range of experience with knowledge management systems. The analysis reveals that every pattern of a groupware application has to combine the description of social as well as technical structures, and that a single pattern can only be understood in the context of a pattern language. It also shows that such a language has to integrate patterns of socio-technical solutions with measures and procedures for introducing them, and that the language not only has to express one type of directed relationship between the patterns but a variety of different types which have to be deliberately assigned to the patterns.
{"title":"Concepts for usable patterns of groupware applications","authors":"Thomas Herrmann, Marcel Hoffmann, I. Jahnke, Andrea Kienle, Gabriele Kunau, Kai-Uwe Loser, Natalja Menold","doi":"10.1145/958160.958216","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/958160.958216","url":null,"abstract":"Patterns, which are based on in-depth practical experience, can be instructing for the design of groupware applications as socio-technical systems. On the basis of a summary of the concept of patterns - as elaborated by the architect Christopher Alexander - its adoptions within computer science are retraced and relationships to the area of groupware are described. General principles for patterns within this domain are formulated and supported by examples from a wide range of experience with knowledge management systems. The analysis reveals that every pattern of a groupware application has to combine the description of social as well as technical structures, and that a single pattern can only be understood in the context of a pattern language. It also shows that such a language has to integrate patterns of socio-technical solutions with measures and procedures for introducing them, and that the language not only has to express one type of directed relationship between the patterns but a variety of different types which have to be deliberately assigned to the patterns.","PeriodicalId":130289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121428350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Proceedings of the 2003 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","authors":"","doi":"10.1145/958160","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1145/958160","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":130289,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the 2003 ACM International Conference on Supporting Group Work","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134226874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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