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Places on my Mind: Exploring Contextuality in Film in Between the Global and the Local 《我心中的地方:在全球与本土之间探索电影的语境》
Pub Date : 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/14790530903522622
A. Portegies
Studying film contexts can inform us about places as experienced by viewers, raising questions of how films paint a sense of place. This paper considers these aspects in relation to the contexts of “place” depicted in films, how streets, quarters, landscapes and countries are portrayed and projected. Consequently, film is considered as a lens through which places can be studied. Furthermore, this study of places through film is situated in the context of global and local networks of influence on viewers. The way these places are “read” by different audiences is explored. The findings indicate that film viewers differ in their relation to the places depicted in films resulting in a variety of meanings attributed to (aspects of) these places and a variety of experiences. Furthermore, there is the hybrid nature that most “populations” have, and the need, consequently, in the study of places through film, to recognize the ambiguous circumstances that most cultural/sub-cultural “peoples” experience.
研究电影背景可以让我们了解观众所经历的地方,提出电影如何描绘地方感的问题。本文将这些方面与电影中所描绘的“地方”的背景、街道、宿舍、风景和国家如何被描绘和投射联系起来。因此,电影被认为是一个镜头,通过它可以研究地方。此外,通过电影对地方的研究是在影响观众的全球和地方网络的背景下进行的。探索了这些地方被不同的观众“阅读”的方式。研究结果表明,电影观众与电影中所描绘的地方的关系不同,导致这些地方(方面)的各种含义和各种体验。此外,大多数“人口”都具有混合性质,因此,在通过电影研究地方时,需要认识到大多数文化/亚文化“人民”所经历的模糊环境。
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引用次数: 19
Theoretical Approaches to Film-Motivated Tourism 电影驱动型旅游的理论途径
Pub Date : 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/14790530903522580
Angelina Karpovich
This paper examines the history of the relationship between tourism and the moving image, providing an overview of the way this relationship has been conceptualised in both tourism studies and media studies. The range of motivations within the film tourist experience is discussed, focusing in particular on the ways in which a tourist attraction's relationship with the complex notion of “authenticity” can have both a positive and a negative effect on the site, its management, and its stakeholders.
本文考察了旅游和动态图像之间关系的历史,概述了旅游研究和媒体研究中这种关系的概念化方式。本文讨论了电影旅游体验的各种动机,重点讨论了旅游景点与“真实性”这一复杂概念之间的关系如何对景点、管理及其利益相关者产生积极和消极的影响。
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引用次数: 48
Extraordinary Experience: Re-enacting and Photographing at Screen Tourism Locations 非凡的体验:在屏幕旅游地点重演和拍摄
Pub Date : 2010-02-01 DOI: 10.1080/14790530903522630
Sangkyun Kim
This paper explores the ways in which screen tourism locations and their associated tourist experiences are (re)produced, contextualised and performed through production and consumption of a Korean television drama series entitled, Winter Sonata. As an exploratory case study based on visual image analysis, this paper examines the context and meanings of photographs taken by tourists who are re-enacting scenes from the series during their visit to Nami Island, the main filming location of Winter Sonata, in South Korea. The photographs are compared with the still images of original scenes in the series. The findings of this comparison suggest that previous viewing experiences of the television series not only created personalised memories and attachment with its filming location, but also produced new touristic spaces. The previous viewing experiences also induced the audiences to visit the filming locations and to perform reflexive and extraordinary touristic experiences in the form of re-enacting scenes from the series and photographing their re-enactment.
本文探讨了通过韩国电视剧《冬季恋歌》的制作和消费,屏幕旅游地点及其相关旅游体验被(重新)生产、情境化和表演的方式。作为一个基于视觉图像分析的探索性案例研究,本文考察了游客在访问《冬季恋歌》的主要拍摄地韩国南美岛时所拍摄的照片的背景和意义。这些照片与系列中原始场景的静态图像进行了比较。这一比较的结果表明,之前的电视连续剧观看经历不仅创造了个性化的记忆和对拍摄地点的依恋,而且还产生了新的旅游空间。之前的观影经历也促使观众前往拍摄地点,并以再现系列中的场景并拍摄其再现的形式进行反身性和非凡的旅游体验。
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引用次数: 105
The Baptism Archaeological Site of Bethany Beyond Jordan: Towards an Assessment for a Management Plan 约旦以外的伯大尼洗礼考古遗址:对管理计划的评估
Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/14790530903363332
N. Haddad, Mohammad Waheeb, Leen A. Fakhoury
Thanks to the 1996 archaeological excavations on the eastern side of the Jordan River, the Jesus baptism archaeological site of Bethany beyond Jordan was identified. This internationally significant historical and religious site has the potential to become one of the most popular stops on the regional Holy Land tourism circuit. The work up to date has identified 15 related sites, dated to the Roman and Byzantine periods, within an area of about 600 hectares. Most of the excavated sites are still under conservation and restoration and provide great challenges for the cultural heritage society. However, while the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities of Jordan and other interested stakeholders and individuals believe that the site should be developed appropriately, people involved with conservation are generally more conservative and reluctant to encourage the use of the site for tourism purposes and activities, before understanding and evaluating the potential impacts. The infrastructure system adapted to the site still suffers from many deficiencies, mainly related to insufficient planning practices, acting as a challenge for tourism and local community development. There is a need to evaluate and develop an appropriate religious and eco-tourism plan, to enhance consistent conservation within such a fragile historical and eco-religious context. This approach should consider several parameters related to a “sustainable holy and eco-site”, such as the environmental, spiritual, religious values, architecture, landscape qualities, and human comfort. This can mainly be achieved through systematic site management and planning, taking into consideration the issues of controlling use and monitoring in all phases of preservation and developing the site for modern use. This paper attempts to present and evaluate, the impact of activities and services to the cultural significance of the site, taking into consideration the area status and the site's particularity and capacities. This will be achieved through: 1) a general understanding of why the baptism archaeological site should be preserved, by evaluating its cultural significance, the existing conditions, and defining the causes of deterioration and threats (natural and human), and 2) understanding how the cultural significance and the attraction factors of the baptism site, should guide and direct the management plan.
由于1996年在约旦河东岸的考古发掘,在约旦河外伯大尼的耶稣洗礼考古遗址被确定。这个具有国际意义的历史和宗教遗址有可能成为该地区圣地旅游线路上最受欢迎的站点之一。到目前为止,这项工作已经确定了15个相关遗址,可追溯到罗马和拜占庭时期,面积约为600公顷。大部分出土遗址仍在保护和修复中,给文化遗产社会带来了巨大的挑战。然而,尽管约旦旅游和古物部以及其他感兴趣的利益相关者和个人认为该遗址应该得到适当的开发,但参与保护的人通常更保守,在了解和评估潜在影响之前,不愿鼓励将该遗址用于旅游目的和活动。与基地相适应的基础设施系统仍然存在许多不足,主要与规划实践不足有关,这对旅游业和当地社区发展构成了挑战。有必要评估和制定一个适当的宗教和生态旅游计划,以加强在如此脆弱的历史和生态宗教背景下的持续保护。这种方法应该考虑与“可持续的神圣和生态场所”相关的几个参数,如环境、精神、宗教价值、建筑、景观质量和人类舒适度。这主要可以通过系统的场地管理和规划来实现,同时考虑到在保护和发展场地的各个阶段的控制使用和监测问题。本文试图呈现和评估活动和服务对遗址文化意义的影响,同时考虑到该地区的地位和遗址的特殊性和能力。这将通过以下方式实现:1)通过评估洗礼考古遗址的文化意义、现有条件,并确定恶化和威胁的原因(自然和人为),对洗礼考古遗址的保护原因有一个大致的了解;2)了解洗礼遗址的文化意义和吸引因素应如何指导和指导管理计划。
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引用次数: 6
Alternative Tourism: Can the Segregation Wall in Bethlehem be a Tourist Attraction? 另类旅游:伯利恒的隔离墙能成为一个旅游景点吗?
Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/14790530903363381
R. Isaac
Safety, serenity and stability are conceived of as obvious fundamentals to deem a destination attractive for tourists, especially when instability such as in Palestine and Israel is tied to hostilities. The daily diet of war and conflict stories that have emanated from the first and second Intifadas gives the impression that the tourism industry is the least likely sector to thrive in a nation occupied by Israeli troops. This research note reflects on the possibility of creating an alternative tourism based around the segregation wall, which Israel has built on Palestinian land in the city of Bethlehem.
安全、宁静和稳定被认为是吸引游客的基本要素,尤其是当巴勒斯坦和以色列等不稳定地区与敌对行动联系在一起时。从第一次和第二次起义中产生的战争和冲突故事的日常饮食给人的印象是,在以色列军队占领的国家,旅游业是最不可能蓬勃发展的行业。这份研究报告反映了围绕隔离墙创造另一种旅游的可能性,隔离墙是以色列在伯利恒的巴勒斯坦土地上建造的。
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引用次数: 28
An Inquiry Into Second-Home-Induced Displacement 第二家园引发的流离失所问题探讨
Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/14790530903363373
Roger Marjavaara
The aim of this study is to shed empirical light on the debate concerning second-home tourism and displacement of permanent residents. This is done by studying the most exclusive second-home area in Sweden, the Stockholm archipelago, and especially the island of Sandö, one of the most affected islands. Data were collected using a questionnaire examining all out-migrants from the island during the period 1991–2006. The questions concern out-migrants’ reasons for leaving the island and the extent to which second-home development had an impact on their migration decision. The core question is whether second-home tourism poses a displacement effect on the permanent population, through price inflation and limiting the supply of dwellings.
本研究的目的是为关于第二家园旅游和常住居民流离失所的争论提供实证启示。这是通过研究瑞典最独特的第二家园地区,斯德哥尔摩群岛,特别是Sandö岛,受影响最严重的岛屿之一来完成的。数据是通过调查1991-2006年期间所有岛外移民的问卷收集的。这些问题涉及外派移民离开台湾的原因,以及第二居所的发展在多大程度上影响了他们的移民决定。核心问题是,第二套住房旅游是否会通过价格上涨和限制住房供应,对常住人口造成替代效应。
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引用次数: 14
The Impact of Community Attachment on Host Society Attitudes and Behaviours Towards Visitors 社区依恋对东道国社会对游客态度和行为的影响
Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/14790530903363431
K. Simpson, P. Bretherton
This paper describes an empirical research project undertaken to address a significant gap in the tourism impacts literature. Noting that previous research has emphasised the importance of host, guest, and destination characteristics as significant influences over visitor experience quality, the paper proposes that one important relationship that emerges from that circumstance has been largely overlooked—local people's attitudes towards life in their own communities. The paper analyses the views of 575 residents of three small city communities in three different countries, in an attempt to establish the nature of relationship between perceptions of life in those communities and attitudes towards temporary visitors. Results indicate that residents are generally able to distinguish between the appeal of community as a place to live and as a place to visit, and that the character of this distinction can present as a paradoxical contrast between a clear intention to recommend as a visitor destination, and a degree of ambiguity towards the prospect of increased visitor activity. These findings will be of value to those regional and local government agencies that are responsible for the long-term planning of visitor facilities, and for the enhancement of the visitor experience in a manner consistent with local resident support and endorsement.
本文描述了一项实证研究项目,以解决旅游影响文献中的重大空白。注意到之前的研究强调了主人、客人和目的地特征对游客体验质量的重要影响,本文提出,在这种情况下出现的一个重要关系在很大程度上被忽视了——当地人对自己社区生活的态度。本文分析了三个不同国家的三个小城市社区的575名居民的观点,试图建立这些社区的生活观念与对临时访客的态度之间关系的本质。结果表明,居民通常能够区分社区作为居住场所和旅游场所的吸引力,这种区分的特征可以表现为作为游客目的地的明确推荐意图和对增加游客活动的前景的模糊程度之间的矛盾对比。这些调查结果对于负责游客设施长期规划的区域和地方政府机构,以及以符合当地居民支持和认可的方式改善游客体验的机构,将是有价值的。
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引用次数: 15
Small Hospitality Business Involvement in Environmentally Friendly Initiatives 小型酒店企业参与环保活动
Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/14790530903363407
M. O'Neill, A. Alonso
Complex contemporary economic and political environments are increasingly pressurising businesses to follow environmentally conscious principles, particularly in view of the constant increase of landfill from solid waste, pollution and other environmental issues. Environmental sustainability is a key issue for the hospitality industry in terms of water, power consumption and waste production. However, how important is environmental sustainability for operators, particularly for small operators that because of their size may not have the means and support to be “environmentally friendly”? This study explores this question from the perspective of 21 small hospitality entrepreneurs (SHEs) located in a traditional college town in the South-eastern United States. While there is acknowledgement of the importance of being environmentally friendly, only a small number of operators were actively involved in environmentally sustainable practices. A common concern was the lack of support from local authorities (city council) in facilitating basic infrastructure such as recycling bins for different materials. The absence of a common environmentally friendly culture may have direct impacts on the image of the industry as well as on its customers.
复杂的当代经济和政治环境日益迫使企业遵循具有环保意识的原则,特别是考虑到固体废物、污染和其他环境问题造成的垃圾填埋场不断增加。环境可持续性是酒店业在水、电力消耗和废物产生方面的一个关键问题。然而,环境可持续性对作业者来说有多重要,特别是对小型作业者来说,因为它们的规模可能没有办法和支持来实现“环境友好”?本研究从位于美国东南部一个传统大学城的21位小型酒店企业家(SHEs)的角度探讨了这个问题。虽然人们认识到环境友好的重要性,但只有少数运营商积极参与环境可持续的做法。一个普遍的担忧是,地方当局(市议会)在促进基础设施建设方面缺乏支持,例如不同材料的回收箱。缺乏一种共同的环保文化可能会直接影响到该行业的形象及其客户。
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引用次数: 14
“The Nature We All Want”—Influences of São Paulo Metropolis on Tourism Development in the Bragantina Region, São Paulo, Brazil “我们都想要的自然”——<s:1>圣保罗大都会对巴西圣保罗<s:1>布拉干蒂纳地区旅游业发展的影响
Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/14790530903363357
João Luiz Hoeffel, A. A. B. Fadini, Cristiane Ferraz e Silva Suarez
The metropolis of São Paulo comprises the largest urban conglomerate and the most important industrial park in the southern hemisphere and its urban expansion has taken place without any significant concern for its cultural, historical or natural patrimony and tourist potential, leading to a gradual homogenization and depersonalization of the urban area. The Bragantina region, located in the north of the São Paulo metropolis, is nowadays its last urban frontier. Due to difficult access, this region underwent a slow urbanization process that allowed the conservation of an historical and cultural patrimony dating back to the colonial period and of significant remnants of Atlantic forest, one of the tropical forests most threatened with extinction in the world. The doubling of the regional highways that took place in the last 15 years has brought profound changes to the Bragantina region. Nowadays this region is intensively used as a tourist destination for weekend homeowners, events and environmental tourism. Visitors come mainly to explore its natural and cultural aspects, that are sold by real-estate agents and tourism agents, mainly through the use of images in advertisements and folders, as a piece of “wild nature” still preserved on the borders of São Paulo. This approach creates a perspective, described as a simulacrum, a false reality, that is reflected in the ideas of nature held by different tourists and other social actors, but that doesn't express the regional reality. Because intensification of land use has not been accompanied by effective conservation, public policies or involvement of local communities in regional planning, the historical, cultural and environmental patrimony is suffering a range of impacts. In this study we analyse the problems generated by tourism and urbanization in the Bragantina region that have resulted from the expansion of the São Paulo metropolis and characterize ideas of nature that are expressed by different social actors, including tourists, that seem to relate to and to perceive the Bragantina region as an unspoiled and preserved natural area where “nature” can still be found, and where natural resources are saved from environmental degradation, in spite of the actual environmental and cultural changes.
圣保罗大都市由南半球最大的城市集团和最重要的工业园区组成,其城市扩张没有对其文化、历史或自然遗产和旅游潜力进行任何重大关注,导致城市地区逐渐同质化和去个性化。布拉干蒂纳地区位于圣保罗大都会北部,是其最后的城市边界。由于难以进入,该地区经历了缓慢的城市化进程,这使得可以追溯到殖民时期的历史和文化遗产以及大西洋森林的重要残余得以保护,大西洋森林是世界上最受灭绝威胁的热带森林之一。在过去的15年里,区域高速公路翻了一番,给布拉干蒂纳地区带来了深刻的变化。如今,该地区被广泛用作周末业主、活动和环境旅游的旅游目的地。游客主要是来探索它的自然和文化方面,这是房地产经纪人和旅游代理商主要通过在广告和文件夹中使用图像来销售的,作为一块仍然保存在圣保罗边界的“野生自然”。这种方法创造了一种视角,被描述为一种拟像,一种虚假的现实,它反映在不同的游客和其他社会行动者所持有的自然观念中,但它并没有表达区域的现实。由于土地使用的集约化没有伴随着有效的保护、公共政策或地方社区参与区域规划,历史、文化和环境遗产正受到一系列影响。在这项研究中,我们分析了由于圣保罗大都市扩张而导致的布拉坎蒂纳地区旅游业和城市化所产生的问题,并描述了包括游客在内的不同社会参与者所表达的自然观念,这些观念似乎与布拉坎蒂纳地区有关,并将其视为一个未受破坏和保护的自然区域,在那里仍然可以找到“自然”,在那里自然资源从环境退化中得到了拯救。尽管实际环境和文化发生了变化。
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引用次数: 4
Contributors 贡献者
Pub Date : 2009-12-01 DOI: 10.1080/14790530903363308
Phil Bretherton, PhD is Professor of Enterprise Development and Head of the School of Law and Business at Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia. His main research interests are in organisational performance and economic development. Prior to moving to CDU Professor Bretherton held the positions of Associate Dean Research and Deputy Dean at Central Queensland University. He is also a member of the Australian Business Deans’ Council and a Fellow of both the Chartered Institute of Marketing and the Academy of Marketing Science.
菲尔·布雷瑟顿,博士,澳大利亚北领地达尔文市查尔斯·达尔文大学企业发展教授,法律与商学院院长。他的主要研究兴趣是组织绩效和经济发展。在加入基民盟之前,布雷瑟顿教授曾在中央昆士兰大学担任副院长研究和副院长。他也是澳大利亚商业院长委员会的成员,也是特许市场营销协会和市场营销科学学院的会员。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Tourism and Hospitality Planning & Development
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